人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures Grammar and usage V-ing作状语和宾补课件 (共23张PPT)

(共23张PPT)
Unit 2
Morals and Virtues
V-ing form used as
adverbial and object complement
V-ing形式作状语和宾补
一、V-ing 形式作状语
V-ing形式在句中作状语, 用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子, 表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随状况, 其逻辑主语是句子的主语, 且和主语构成主动关系, 相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers.
Walking through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful.
V-ing主语与句子主语不一致时,需要带上自己的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构。
We
Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers.
1. Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
（主动意义, V-ing的动作和谓语的动作几乎同时发生。）
2. Having waited for an hour, he realized he had left his wallet at home.
(主动意义, V-ing的动作发生在谓语的动作之前。）
一般式：分词动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式：强调分词动作先发生
doing 和 having done 作状语的区别
当V-ing表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时, 应使用完成式：having done
V-ing形式作时间状语,相当于一个由when, while或after等引导的时间状语从句。可在V-ing前加上连词“when, while, after, until”等,使其时间意义更明确,有时这类结构也可视作状语从句的省略。
Hearing the news, he got frightened.
=When he heard the news, he got frightened.
1. V-ing形式作时间状语
=When hearing the news, he got frightened.
When he walked down the street, he heard someone calling him.
=When walking down the street, he heard someone calling him.
=Walking down the street, he heard someone calling him.
Exercises
时间状语从句
V-ing形式作时间状语
时间状语从句的省略
Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her.
=Because I don’t know her address, I can’t write to her.
2. V-ing形式作原因状语
V-ing形式作原因状语时,可转换为一个由because, since或as引导的原因状语从句,这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。
Because Dr Lin thought of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
= Because thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
= Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
Exercises
Studying hard, you will make great progress.
=If you study hard, you will make great progress.
3. V-ing形式作条件状语
V-ing形式作条件状语时,相当于一个由if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。
If you turn to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.
= If turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.
= Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.
Exercises
Living miles away, he attended the course.
=Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.
4. V-ing形式作让步状语
V-ing形式作让步状语时,相当于一个由though, although, even if或even though等引导的让步状语从句。
Nora stood at the bus stop, waiting for a bus.
= Nora stood at the bus stop and waited for a bus.
5. V-ing形式作方式、伴随状语
V-ing形式作方式或伴随状语时,一般情况下,V-ing所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。通常不能转换为状语从句,但可用并列句来转换。
The child fell off the tree, hitting his head against the ground.
=The child fell off the tree, and he hit his head against the ground.
6. V-ing形式作结果状语
V-ing形式作结果状语时,通常放在句末,中间有逗号,有时为了突出结果, V-ing前带有thus.
知识延伸: (doing 和to do作结果状语的区别)
① The COVID-19 broke out throughout the world, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths.
② I came to school last Sunday morning ,only to find nobody was in our
classroom.
doing 作结果状语时,常表示自然而然,情理之中的结果；
to do 作结果状语时,往往表示出乎意料的结果,通常与only连用。
generally speaking 一般来说
frankly speaking 坦率地说
personally speaking 就个人而言
according to 根据…
7. V-ing形式作评论性状语
有些惯用的V-ing短语并不表示句子主语的动作,在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句,表明说话者的态度观点等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。
1. Using your head, you’ll find a good way.
2. Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.
3. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
4. Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best.
5. Please answer the question using another way.
6. Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.
7. He had a high fever when he was three, making him completely blind.
条件
结果
伴随
方式
让步
时间
原因
V-ing 作时间,原因,条件,让步等状语时,一般放在句首。
作方式,伴随,结果等状语时,一般放在句末。
V-ing 形式作宾语补足语, 置于某些及物动词和宾语之后,补充说明宾语的动作或状态,其逻辑主语是宾语,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作。
二、V-ing 形式作宾语补足语
The boss kept the workers working the whole night.
V-ing形式在 see, watch, observe, look, notice, hear, feel 等感官动词(短语)后作宾语补足语, 构成复合宾语, 表示一个正在进行的主动的动作, 强调一个过程或一种状态。
see +宾语+ doing sth 看见···正在做某事
1. 感官动词+宾语+V-ing宾补
Today on my way home, I saw a man running along the street hurriedly.
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for so long.
2. 使役动词+宾语+V-ing宾补
V- ing形式在表示“使”“令”“让”等意义的使役动词后作宾语补足语,
如make, get, have, help, keep, leave,表示“让…一直做某事”。
With the time passing by, he almost forgot everything in the past.
3. with+宾语+V-ing宾补
在with复合结构中,如果宾语发出动作,且表示动作持续或进行,则用
V-ing作宾语补足语。
常见的带V-ing作宾补的词
感观动词
使役动词
with的复合结构
see/hear/watch/find/notice/feel + sb/sth + doing
have/get/make/leave/keep + sb/sth + doing
with + n./pron＋doing
正在进行
一直做，一直处于某种状态
主动
V-ing形式
作宾补
作状语
______________________________________________________
时间状语
原因状语
结果状语
条件状语
让步状语
方式状语
伴随状语
在 后作宾补
在 后作宾补
在 后作宾补
感官动词
使役动词
with复合结构
评论性状语
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