2023年高考英语概要写作专项训练（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2023年高考英语概要写作专项训练（含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 29.7KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-15 11:57:16 | ||
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概要写作
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Multi-tasking
Are you a multitasker Do you watch TV and cook dinner at the same time Do you often interrupt your work to check your email Do you talk on your phone while you’re driving If you do these or similar things, then you are one of many multitaskers. According to a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent of American adults multitask regularly.
Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time. Popular electronic devices like tablets and smart phones make it convenient to do several tasks at once, so people feel like they are getting more done. Melissa Brown of Evanston, Illinois, says she has no trouble listening to music, surfing the Internet, and sending text messages to friends while she does her homework.
Recent studies, however, show that Melissa and others like her are perhaps getting less done than they think they are. That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “microinterruptions” in which people stop one task, start another, and eventually return to the first one. These stops and starts make it difficult to concentrate, and so multitaskers actually waste time, according to a study at Microsoft Corporation. In the study, workers who interrupted their work to answer an email or text message took an average of 15 minutes to return to the work they were doing before the interruption.
Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time. This doesn’t matter if you’re only preparing a salad and listening to the radio, they say. But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes. It can even be dangerous, as in the case of people who talk on the phone, eat, or even apply makeup while driving.
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2．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can keep your body strong, so you should take care of what you eat.
There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy product group has food like milk, cheese and yogurt. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all the four main groups. With all these food together, you will be given enough energy during the day.
It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired during these days and you can not think quickly.
Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.
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3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How Technology Can Help Schools in Poor Countries
“Books will soon disappear in schools,” Thomas Edison predicted in 1913. Each new wave of information technology — radio, television, computers—has caused similar predictions.
Like teachers, digital-educational technology comes in many forms. But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence (重要性) in schools — especially in poor countries where human teachers are often ignorant, absent or both.
According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub-Saharan African countries, half of nine-year-olds cannot read a simple word and three-quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is terrible teaching. The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When classrooms were inspected to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no. Poor governments often lack the means to check on teachers in distant villages.
Several recent studies suggest digital-educational tech can help. Some of the scarce resources could be better spent on digital-educational tech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will understand how to use them. Instead, it means providing schools with software children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers instructions about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
Some may wonder whether the poorest places have the necessary infrastructure. However, where the grid is not available, solar chargers can work. Schools do not need internet access. Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary information. Cost does not have to be a huge problem either. To some, one of the most successful schemes, costs around $4 per child per year in Kenya, where it is being rolled out across public primary schools.
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4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Art has always been a polarizing subject. Some people like realism, others like abstract. But do you know why some people value art in the millions, while others see the same piece as little more than a child's finger painting
Many consider art to be quite random in terms of our likes and dislikes. But according to new research, there may be a scientific reason behind our fondness for certain works. The answer lies in how a person's brain breaks down the visuals of a painting combined with their judgment.
To prove their theory, neuroscientist Kiyohito Iigaya and his team from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)gathered more than 1,300 volunteers and asked them to rate 825 different paintings from four different art genres
After analyzing the data, scientists found that the same groups of people tended to prefer similar aspects of the same paintings. These characteristics were then grouped into “low-level” features like color and blending, and “high-level” features like the emotion behind the painting.
From this experiment, Caltech's system was then able to predict an individual's specific taste in art and organize different works into one group, according to the paintings' features and volunteers' preferences.
Finally, the team repeated the first test on new volunteers. Again, the algorithm was able to accurately predict individuals' art preferences. According to Iigaya, this shows that the factors that contribute to whether a person likes an image are universal, not random.
Lesley Fellows, a neurologist at McGill University who studies value judgments, stated, “We know a lot about ‘how’ the brain carries out actions, but 'why' is far less well understood.”
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5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
Small talk
Small talk is often thought of as unimportant, or perhaps worse, a substitute for real speech and thought in common opinion. Nevertheless, research suggests they will benefit.
One reason for small talk’s bad reputation is that it tends, for obvious reasons, to aim for the lowest common denominator (分母). In ritualized dialogue, little information is exchanged. “Hello” signals nothing at all. “How are you ” rarely gets a fully honest answer.
However, linguists call that crucial hello, talk phatic (交流情感的) Bronislaw Malinowski, who coined the term in the 1920s; explained that in phatic talk ties of union are created by a mere exchange of words. “If you know literally nothing about someone you can still safely presume they prefer sun to rain, and begin to establish a connection on that basis. If your bus or train is suddenly stuck, an even better opportunity arises. You can be sure your fellow passengers are not happy about it, and a shared grousing session makes them—and you—feel less alone with your inconvenience.
At work, small talk may seem a distraction from what employees are paid to do. But there is a spectrum between empty talk (“Hello”), social talk (“How was your holiday ”), social talk relevant to work (“Is Sarah still on holiday ”) and pure business talk (“Has Sarah finished that report ”). A study of government departments in New Zealand by Janet Holmes shows how frequently people switch between those modes, even in brief conversations. That suggests a function beyond filling awkward gaps. Among other things, such chatter can bond equals together in a shared task. She also finds that bosses are more likely to initiate small talks with subordinates than the other round (as well as to cut it off). This is because, even without being told, a good manager realises that it can soften a following instruction.
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6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Unexpected Power of Random Acts of Kindness
In late August, Erin Alexander, 57, sat in the parking lot of a Target store and wept. She was having a hard day. A barista(咖啡师) working at the Starbucks inside the Target was too. The espresso machine had broken down and she was clearly stressed. Ms. Alexander — who’d stopped crying and gone inside for some caffeine — smiled, ordered an iced green tea, and told her to hang in there. After picking up her order, she noticed a message on the cup: “Erin,” the barista had written next to a heart, “your soul is golden.” The warmth of that small and unexpected gesture, from a stranger who had no idea of what she was going through, moved Erin deeply.
New findings, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology in August, corroborate just how powerful experiences like Ms. Alexander’s can be.
The notion that kindness can boost well-being is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize.
But researchers have also found that people who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it. And they believe that miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often.
Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back. “When the kindness urge arises,” she said, “we totally overthink it.”
Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
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7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The film industry is facing difficulties. In recent months, the single day box, office of movies across the country had been in the extremely low range of seven to sight million, and almost more of the new films enjoys any market appeal. At the very beginning, people would blame these astonishing on the pandemic. But the pandemic is not the only factor that prevents audiences from entering the cinema. The lack of good films to watch is the main reason why people lose their desire for the cinema.
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8．阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
One of the most frequently repeated issues in protecting cultural heritage is the difficult relationship between the interests of the individual and the community.
Ancient Romans established that a work of art could be considered part of the possessions of the whole community, even if privately owned. For example, sculptures decorating the fa ade of a private building were recognized as having a common value and couldn’t be removed, since they stood in a public site, where they could be seen by all citizens.
The statesman and general Agrippa placed the Apoxyomenos, a masterpiece by the very famous Greek sculptor Lysippos, in front of his bathroom. Emperor Tiberius deeply admired the sculpture and ordered it be removed from the public view and placed in his private palace. The Roman people rose up and forced him to return the Apoxyomenos to its previous location, where everyone could admire it!
The term “cultural heritage” typically raises the idea of a single society and the communication between its members. But cultural boundaries are not necessarily well-defined. Artists, writers, scientists, craftsmen and musicians learn from each other, even if they belong to different cultures, far removed in space or time. Just think about the influence of Japanese prints on Paul Gauguin’s paintings; or of African masks on Pablo Picasso’s works.
Let’s take another example, that of the Mona Lisa painted in the early sixteenth century by Leonardo da Vinci. From a modern point of view, whose national heritage does the Mona Lisa belong to
Leonardo was a very famous Italian painter, that’s why the Mona Lisa is obviously part of the Italian cultural heritage. When Leonardo went to France, to work at King Francis I’s court, he probably brought the Mona Lisa with him. It seems that in 1518 King Francis I acquired the Mona Lisa, which therefore ended up in the royal collections: that’s why it is obviously part of the French national heritage, too. This painting belongs to the cultural heritage of all mankind.
Cultural heritage passed down to us from our parents must be preserved for the benefit of all. In an era of globalization, cultural heritage helps us to remember our cultural diversity, and its understanding develops mutual respect and renewed dialogue amongst different cultures.
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9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Meet the Woman Who Gives Rescued Farm Animals a Second Chance at Life
Shortly after doctors diagnosed ten-year-old Jenny Brown with bone cancer, they had to cut off her right leg below the knee to save her life. Facing a year of chemotherapy (化疗) after the surgery, Jenny begged her mother for a kitten. The orange calico Jenny named Boogie rarely left her side, licking tears from her cheeks after hospital visits and curling up in her lap as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic (假肢的) leg.
“My relationship with Boogie showed me that animals think, feel, and suffer as much as we do,” says Jenny, now 44.
In 1994, Jenny graduated from Columbia College Chicago and began a career in television and documentary production. On the side, she volunteered as a videographer for animal rights groups, and in 2002, she shot undercover footage of horrible animal mistreatment at several Texas farm animal stockyards. “After seeing that, I knew I needed to help animals,” says Jenny.
A year later, she gave up her film career and with her fiancé, Doug Abel, a film editor, opened the Woodstock Farm Sanctuary, a nonprofit organization dedicated to rescuing and recovering farm animals, on a 22-acre property they bought in the rolling hills of Woodstock, New York, the next year.
In August 2007, she received a call from Animal Care and Control of NYC about a small goat it had found hopping around Prospect Park. Jenny guessed it had run away from one of the city’s murder-houses. The goat’s legs were severely injured, probably from being bound together with wire, and its mouth was covered in aching.
Jenny and her team brought the goat, which they named Albie, to the preserve, but they soon realized that Albie’s left front leg was injured beyond repair. After a veterinarian(兽医) cut off the leg. Jenny asked Erik Tomkins, the doctor who makes Jenny’s prostheses, to fashion a leg for Albie. To date, seven of the preserve’s animals have received prosthetic limbs or braces. “On most farms, animals with these illnesses would be immediately killed,” says Jenny.
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10．阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
We often hear about the importance of cultural heritage. But what is cultural heritage and why is it important
First of all, let’s have a look at the meaning of the words. “Heritage” is a property, something that is inherited, passed down from previous generations. In the case of “cultural heritage,” the heritage doesn’t consist of money or property, but of culture, values and traditions. Cultural heritage implies a shared bond, our belonging to a community. It represents our history and our identity; our bond to the past, to our present, and the future.
Cultural heritage often brings to mind artifacts (paintings, drawings, prints, mosaics, sculptures), historical monuments and buildings, as well as archaeological sites. But the concept of cultural heritage is even wider than that, and has gradually grown to include all evidence of human creativity and expression: photographs, documents, books and manuscripts, and instruments, etc. either as individual objects or as collections. Today, towns, underwater heritage, and the natural environment are also considered part of cultural heritage since communities identify themselves with the natural landscape.
Moreover, cultural heritage is not only limited to material objects that we can see and touch. It also consists of immaterial elements: traditions, oral history, performing arts, social practices, traditional craftsmanship, representations, rituals, knowledge and skills transmitted from generation to generation within a community.
But cultural heritage is not just a set of cultural objects or traditions from the past. It is also the result of a selection process: a process of memory and forgetfulness that characterizes every human society constantly engaged in choosing — for both cultural and political reasons — what is worthy of being preserved for future generations and what is not.
All peoples make their contribution to the culture of the world. That’s why it’s important to respect and safeguard all cultural heritage, through national laws and international treaties. Illicit trafficking of artifacts and cultural objects, pillaging of archaeological sites, and destruction of historical buildings and monuments cause irreparable damage to the cultural heritage of a country. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), founded in 1946, has adopted international conventions on the protection of cultural heritage, to foster intercultural understanding while stressing the importance of international cooperation.
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1．One possible version:
Multitasking has become a popular habit mainly because they feel too busy and multitasking helps save time. However, studies show multitasking leads to “microinterruptions,” making it difficult to concentrate and waste time, causing low productivity. Moreover, as humans are not good at concentrating on two things simultaneously, multitasking can make people slow at work and cause mistakes and dangers.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，多任务处理已经成为一种流行的习惯，主要是因为他们觉得太忙了，而多任务处理有助于节省时间。然而，研究表明，多任务处理会导致“微干扰”，使人难以集中注意力，浪费时间，导致效率低下。此外，由于人类不擅长同时专注于两件事，多任务处理会使人们工作速度变慢，并导致错误和危险。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①According to a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent of American adults multitask regularly. Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time.
②These stops and starts make it difficult to concentrate, and so multitaskers actually waste time, according to a study at Microsoft Corporation. In the study, workers who interrupted their work to answer an email or text message took an average of 15 minutes to return to the work they were doing before the interruption.
③Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time. This doesn’t matter if you’re only preparing a salad and listening to the radio, they say. But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Multitasking has become a popular habit mainly since they feel too occupied and multitasking helps save time.
But studies show multitasking contributes to “microinterruptions,” making it hard to concentrate and waste time, causing low productivity.
Besides, as humans are not expert at focusing on two things simultaneously, multitasking can make people slow at work and cause mistakes and dangers.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Multitasking has become a popular habit mainly because they feel too busy and multitasking helps save time.运用because引导原因状语从句原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] But studies show multitasking contributes to “microinterruptions,” making it hard to concentrate and waste time, causing low productivity.用现在分词作状语对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
2．One possible version:
We are what we eat. What we eat depends on four main food groups. When we have got enough energy from all the food together, we can keep fit. We shouldn’t get into bad eating habits, which will make our bodies work improperly. In a word, a good eating habit with some exercise is good for our health.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。正如汽车需要汽油才能运转一样，我们的身体也需要食物来为我们工作。吃正确的食物很重要，它可以保持你的身体强壮，所以你应该注意你吃的东西。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you.
②There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy product group has food like milk, cheese and yogurt.
③It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time.
④Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise.
2.缜密构思
将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合
3.遣词造句
We are what we eat. What we eat depends on four main food groups.
When we have got enough energy from all the food together, we can keep fit.
We shouldn’t get into bad eating habits, which will make our bodies work improperly.
【点睛】[高分句型1] What we eat depends on four main food groups.用了个主语从句对第二段内容进行概括，表达高级。
[高分句型2]：We shouldn’t get into bad eating habits, which will make our bodies work improperly.用了一个定语从句对第三段内容进行概括。
3．One possible version:
Digital educational technology can help improve education in poor countries in lack of qualified teachers and effective supervision. Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children, teachers, and the authorities. Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by available solar chargers, workable information transmission and low costs.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章认为在贫困国家得当地使用数字教育技术可以改善当地的教育，这些国家的教师往往无法胜任教学工作，相关当局也无法管理教师日常的教学，而利用数字教学技术，学校可以得到软件方面的支持，便于儿童使用、教师教学和当局监管。基础设施的问题可以通过太阳能充电器、可移动的信息传输设备解决，该计划的成本也比较低。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The reason is terrible teaching.
②Poor governments often lack the means to check on teachers in distant villages.
③Several recent studies suggest digital-educational tech can help.
④Some of the scarce resources could be better spent on digital-educational tech.
⑤Instead, it means providing schools with software children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers instructions about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
⑥Some may wonder whether the poorest places have the necessary infrastructure.
⑦However, where the grid is not available, solar chargers can work.
⑧Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary information.
⑨Cost does not have to be a huge problem either.
2. 缜密构思
将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合，将第4、5两个要点进行整合，将第6、7、8、9四个要点进行重组。
3. 遣词造句
Digital educational technology can help improve education in poor countries in lack of qualified teachers and effective supervision.
Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children, teachers, and the authorities.
Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by available solar chargers, workable information transmission and low costs.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children, teachers, and the authorities.（运用了动名词短语作by的宾语，动名词短语概括了第5个要点，简洁明了）
[高分句型2] Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by available solar chargers, workable information transmission and low costs.（运用了even if引导的让步状语从句，与主句的语义衔接更为自然）
4．Art is a polarizing subject, and many people believe that an individual's preferences for art are random. According to new research, our love of art may stem from how our brains combine the visual effects of painting with their judgment. This suggests that the factors that influence whether people like a particular photograph are universal, rather than random.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了艺术是一个两极分化的学科，许多人认为个人对艺术的喜好是随机的，根据最新的研究，我们对于作品的喜爱可能是源于大脑是如何将绘画的视觉效果与他们的判断力结合起来的。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Art has always been a polarizing subject. Some people like realism, others like abstract.
②Many consider art to be quite random in terms of our likes and dislikes.
③After analyzing the data, scientists found that the same groups of people tended to prefer similar aspects of the same paintings.
④Finally, the team repeated the first test on new volunteers. Again, the algorithm was able to accurately predict individuals' art preferences.
2.缜密构思：将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句
Art is a polarizing subject, and many people believe that an individual's preferences for art are random.
According to new research, our love of art may stem from how our brains combine the visual effects of painting with their judgment.
This suggests that the factors that influence whether people like a particular photograph are universal, rather than random.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Art is a polarizing subject, and many people believe that an individual's preferences for art are random.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]：This suggests that the factors that influence whether people like a particular photograph are universal, rather than random.（运用了that引导的宾语从句以及关系代词that引导的定语从句）
5．Small talk is often considered meaningless because it involves no real information exchange. However, linguists find small talk is important because it is an exchange of common feelings. Research also shows that, instead of a distraction, small talk is common at work because it unites people in a task and managers often start small talk to make their instruction softer.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，闲聊通常被认为没有意义，因为它不涉及真正的信息交流。然而，语言学家发现闲聊很重要，因为这是一种共同感受的交流。研究还表明，闲聊不仅不会分散注意力，而且在工作中很常见，因为它能把人们团结在一起，经理们经常开始闲聊，以使他们的指示更柔和。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Small talk is often thought of as unimportant, or perhaps worse, a substitute for real speech and thought in common opinion.
②One reason for small talk’s bad reputation is that it tends, for obvious reasons, to aim for the lowest common denominator (分母). In ritualized dialogue, little information is exchanged.
③However, linguists call that crucial hello, talk phatic (交流情感的) Bronislaw Malinowski, who coined the term in the 1920s; explained that in phatic talk ties of union are created by a mere exchange of words.
④Among other things, such chatter can bond equals together in a shared task. She also finds that bosses are more likely to initiate small talks with subordinates than the other round (as well as to cut it off). This is because, even without being told, a good manager realises that it can soften a following instruction.
2.缜密构思 将第1、2个要点进行总结，将第3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Small talk is often regarded meaningless since it involves no real information exchange.
But linguists find small talk is vital because it is an exchange of common feelings.
Research also indicates that, instead of a distraction, small talk is common at work for it unites people in a task and managers often start small talk to make their instruction softer.
【点睛】[高分句型1] However, linguists find small talk is important because it is an exchange of common feelings.运用because引导原因状语从句对原文第三段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Research also shows that, instead of a distraction, small talk is common at work because it unites people in a task and managers often start small talk to make their instruction softer.用that引导宾语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
6．Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being. However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much. Moreover, they fear the gesture being misinterpreted or causing stress. Researchers suggest people perform random kind acts more often. (53words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明陌生人的意外的小小善举可以改善人们的幸福感，然而由于某些原因人们做出小小善举是还有些犹豫。研究人员建议人们多多行善。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels ②The simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize.
③miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often.
④Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.
⑤Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5个要点进行概括。
3.遣词造句Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being.
However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much.
Moreover, they fear the gesture being misinterpreted or causing stress.
Researchers suggest people perform random kind acts more often.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being.（运用了that引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much. （运用了现在分词作状语）
7．Besides the pandemic, the lack of good movies keeps people from entering the cinema.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了除了流行病意外，好电影的缺乏也导致人们不去电影院看电影。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①At the very beginning, people would blame these astonishing on the pandemic.
②But the pandemic is not the only factor that prevents audiences from entering the cinema.
③The lack of good films to watch is the main reason why people lose their desire for the cinema.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2要点进行重组，将第1、2、3要点进行整合
3.遣词造句
In addition to the epidemic, the lack of good movies leads people not to go to the cinema.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides the pandemic, the lack of good movies keeps people from entering the cinema.（介词短语作状语，将文章第三和第四句话进行概括）
8．One problem to protect cultural heritage is the balance between private and public rights. But in ancient Roman, even a private work of art could be prohibited from being removed from the public view. In author’s opinion, cultural boundaries are not necessary to define, because all artists learn from each other whether in time or space. So cultural heritage, which helps us remember cultural diversity and develop mutual respect must be preserved for the benefit of all mankind.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是在保护文化遗产的过程中，最常被提及的问题之一是个人利益与社会利益之间的关系，作者认为为了所有人的利益，我们必须保护父母传给我们的文化遗产。在全球化时代，文化遗产帮助我们记住我们的文化多样性，对文化遗产的理解促进了不同文化之间的相互尊重和新的对话。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①One of the most frequently repeated issues in protecting cultural heritage is the difficult relationship between the interests of the individual and the community.
②Ancient Romans established that a work of art could be considered part of the possessions of the whole community, even if privately owned. For example, sculptures decorating the fa ade of a private building were recognized as having a common value and couldn’t be removed, since they stood in a public site, where they could be seen by all citizens.
③But cultural boundaries are not necessarily well-defined. Artists, writers, scientists, craftsmen and musicians learn from each other, even if they belong to different cultures, far removed in space or time.
④Cultural heritage passed down to us from our parents must be preserved for the benefit of all. In an era of globalization, cultural heritage helps us to remember our cultural diversity, and its understanding develops mutual respect and renewed dialogue amongst different cultures.
2.缜密构思
将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
①To protect cultural heritage, there is a problem that we should keep the balance between private and public rights.
②But in ancient Rome, even a private work of art should be kept in public view.
③From the author’s point of view, there is no need to define the boundary of culture, because all artists learn from each other both in time and space.
④So cultural heritage, which helps us remember cultural diversity and develop mutual respect must be protected to benefit all the mankind.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In author’s opinion, cultural boundaries are not necessary to define, because all artists learn from each other whether in time or space.运用一个复杂的复合句对原文第四段进行了概括。其中because引导的原因状语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2] So cultural heritage, which helps us remember cultural diversity and develop mutual respect must be preserved for the benefit of all mankind.用which引导的非限制性定语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
9．Jenny had her right leg cut off due to cancer at 10. Her cat Boogie kept her company as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic leg. Later in her life, Jenny devoted herself to helping animals, at first by filming animal mistreatment and then by running an animal sanctuary, where ill or injured animals received prosthetic limbs or braces.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了珍妮在10岁时因癌症切除了右腿。她的猫Boogie陪伴着她适应了假肢的生活。之后，珍妮致力于帮助动物，一开始是拍摄动物虐待，然后是经营一个动物保护区，在那里生病或受伤的动物接受假肢或支架。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Shortly after doctors diagnosed ten-year-old Jenny Brown with bone cancer, they had to cut off her right leg below the knee to save her life. The orange calico Jenny named Boogie rarely left her side, licking tears from her cheeks after hospital visits and curling up in her lap as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic (假肢的) leg.
②On the side, she volunteered as a videographer for animal rights groups, and in 2002, she shot undercover footage of horrible animal mistreatment at several Texas farm animal stockyards. A year later, she gave up her film career and with her fiancé, Doug Abel, a film editor, opened the Woodstock Farm Sanctuary, a nonprofit organization dedicated to rescuing and recovering farm animals, on a 22-acre property they bought in the rolling hills of Woodstock, New York, the next year.
③To date, seven of the preserve’s animals have received prosthetic limbs or braces.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3两个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Jenny had her right leg removed because of cancer at 10.
Her cat Boogie accompanied her as she adapted herself to life with a prosthetic leg.
Later in her life, Jenny committed herself to helping animals, at first by filming animal mistreatment and then by running an animal sanctuary, where sick or injured animals received prosthetic limbs or braces.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Her cat Boogie kept her company as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic leg.运用as引导时间状语对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Later in her life, Jenny devoted herself to helping animals, at first by filming animal mistreatment and then by running an animal sanctuary, where ill or injured animals received prosthetic limbs or braces.用where引导非限制性定语从句对最后三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
10．Cultural heritage consists of culture, values and traditions, which make us feel connected. Cultural heritage includes all evidence of human creativity and expression: photographs, documents, books and manuscripts, and instruments, etc. That is, it is not only limited to material objects, but also to immaterial elements. As cultural heritage is selected by every people, they make their contribution to the colourful cultures, so it’s important to respect and safeguard it.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文化遗产的定义以及保护文化遗产的重要性。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①In the case of “cultural heritage,” the heritage doesn’t consist of money or property, but of culture, values and traditions.
②Cultural heritage consists of culture, values and traditions, which make us feel connected. Cultural heritage includes all evidence of human creativity and expression: photographs, documents, books and manuscripts, and instruments, etc.
③Moreover, cultural heritage is not only limited to material objects that we can see and touch.
④It also consists of immaterial elements: traditions, oral history, performing arts, social practices, traditional craftsmanship, representations, rituals, knowledge and skills transmitted from generation to generation within a community.
⑤It is also the result of a selection process: a process of memory and forgetfulness that characterizes every human society constantly engaged in choosing…
⑥All peoples make their contribution to the culture of the world.
⑦That’s why it’s important to respect and safeguard all cultural heritage, through national laws and international treaties.
2.缜密构思
将3、4两个知识点进行整合，将5、6、7三个知识点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
Cultural heritage consists of culture, values and traditions, which make us feel connected.
That is, it is not only limited to material objects, but also to immaterial elements.
As cultural heritage is selected by every people, they make their contribution to the colourful cultures, so it’s important to respect and safeguard it.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Cultural heritage consists of culture, values and traditions, which make us feel connected.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]
As cultural heritage is selected by every people, they make their contribution to the colourful cultures, so it’s important to respect and safeguard it.（运用了as引导原因状语从句）
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Multi-tasking
Are you a multitasker Do you watch TV and cook dinner at the same time Do you often interrupt your work to check your email Do you talk on your phone while you’re driving If you do these or similar things, then you are one of many multitaskers. According to a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent of American adults multitask regularly.
Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time. Popular electronic devices like tablets and smart phones make it convenient to do several tasks at once, so people feel like they are getting more done. Melissa Brown of Evanston, Illinois, says she has no trouble listening to music, surfing the Internet, and sending text messages to friends while she does her homework.
Recent studies, however, show that Melissa and others like her are perhaps getting less done than they think they are. That’s because with multitasking, there are actually many “microinterruptions” in which people stop one task, start another, and eventually return to the first one. These stops and starts make it difficult to concentrate, and so multitaskers actually waste time, according to a study at Microsoft Corporation. In the study, workers who interrupted their work to answer an email or text message took an average of 15 minutes to return to the work they were doing before the interruption.
Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time. This doesn’t matter if you’re only preparing a salad and listening to the radio, they say. But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes. It can even be dangerous, as in the case of people who talk on the phone, eat, or even apply makeup while driving.
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2．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can keep your body strong, so you should take care of what you eat.
There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy product group has food like milk, cheese and yogurt. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all the four main groups. With all these food together, you will be given enough energy during the day.
It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired during these days and you can not think quickly.
Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.
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3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How Technology Can Help Schools in Poor Countries
“Books will soon disappear in schools,” Thomas Edison predicted in 1913. Each new wave of information technology — radio, television, computers—has caused similar predictions.
Like teachers, digital-educational technology comes in many forms. But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence (重要性) in schools — especially in poor countries where human teachers are often ignorant, absent or both.
According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub-Saharan African countries, half of nine-year-olds cannot read a simple word and three-quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is terrible teaching. The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When classrooms were inspected to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no. Poor governments often lack the means to check on teachers in distant villages.
Several recent studies suggest digital-educational tech can help. Some of the scarce resources could be better spent on digital-educational tech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will understand how to use them. Instead, it means providing schools with software children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers instructions about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
Some may wonder whether the poorest places have the necessary infrastructure. However, where the grid is not available, solar chargers can work. Schools do not need internet access. Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary information. Cost does not have to be a huge problem either. To some, one of the most successful schemes, costs around $4 per child per year in Kenya, where it is being rolled out across public primary schools.
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4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Art has always been a polarizing subject. Some people like realism, others like abstract. But do you know why some people value art in the millions, while others see the same piece as little more than a child's finger painting
Many consider art to be quite random in terms of our likes and dislikes. But according to new research, there may be a scientific reason behind our fondness for certain works. The answer lies in how a person's brain breaks down the visuals of a painting combined with their judgment.
To prove their theory, neuroscientist Kiyohito Iigaya and his team from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)gathered more than 1,300 volunteers and asked them to rate 825 different paintings from four different art genres
After analyzing the data, scientists found that the same groups of people tended to prefer similar aspects of the same paintings. These characteristics were then grouped into “low-level” features like color and blending, and “high-level” features like the emotion behind the painting.
From this experiment, Caltech's system was then able to predict an individual's specific taste in art and organize different works into one group, according to the paintings' features and volunteers' preferences.
Finally, the team repeated the first test on new volunteers. Again, the algorithm was able to accurately predict individuals' art preferences. According to Iigaya, this shows that the factors that contribute to whether a person likes an image are universal, not random.
Lesley Fellows, a neurologist at McGill University who studies value judgments, stated, “We know a lot about ‘how’ the brain carries out actions, but 'why' is far less well understood.”
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5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
Small talk
Small talk is often thought of as unimportant, or perhaps worse, a substitute for real speech and thought in common opinion. Nevertheless, research suggests they will benefit.
One reason for small talk’s bad reputation is that it tends, for obvious reasons, to aim for the lowest common denominator (分母). In ritualized dialogue, little information is exchanged. “Hello” signals nothing at all. “How are you ” rarely gets a fully honest answer.
However, linguists call that crucial hello, talk phatic (交流情感的) Bronislaw Malinowski, who coined the term in the 1920s; explained that in phatic talk ties of union are created by a mere exchange of words. “If you know literally nothing about someone you can still safely presume they prefer sun to rain, and begin to establish a connection on that basis. If your bus or train is suddenly stuck, an even better opportunity arises. You can be sure your fellow passengers are not happy about it, and a shared grousing session makes them—and you—feel less alone with your inconvenience.
At work, small talk may seem a distraction from what employees are paid to do. But there is a spectrum between empty talk (“Hello”), social talk (“How was your holiday ”), social talk relevant to work (“Is Sarah still on holiday ”) and pure business talk (“Has Sarah finished that report ”). A study of government departments in New Zealand by Janet Holmes shows how frequently people switch between those modes, even in brief conversations. That suggests a function beyond filling awkward gaps. Among other things, such chatter can bond equals together in a shared task. She also finds that bosses are more likely to initiate small talks with subordinates than the other round (as well as to cut it off). This is because, even without being told, a good manager realises that it can soften a following instruction.
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6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Unexpected Power of Random Acts of Kindness
In late August, Erin Alexander, 57, sat in the parking lot of a Target store and wept. She was having a hard day. A barista(咖啡师) working at the Starbucks inside the Target was too. The espresso machine had broken down and she was clearly stressed. Ms. Alexander — who’d stopped crying and gone inside for some caffeine — smiled, ordered an iced green tea, and told her to hang in there. After picking up her order, she noticed a message on the cup: “Erin,” the barista had written next to a heart, “your soul is golden.” The warmth of that small and unexpected gesture, from a stranger who had no idea of what she was going through, moved Erin deeply.
New findings, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology in August, corroborate just how powerful experiences like Ms. Alexander’s can be.
The notion that kindness can boost well-being is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize.
But researchers have also found that people who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it. And they believe that miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often.
Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back. “When the kindness urge arises,” she said, “we totally overthink it.”
Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
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7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The film industry is facing difficulties. In recent months, the single day box, office of movies across the country had been in the extremely low range of seven to sight million, and almost more of the new films enjoys any market appeal. At the very beginning, people would blame these astonishing on the pandemic. But the pandemic is not the only factor that prevents audiences from entering the cinema. The lack of good films to watch is the main reason why people lose their desire for the cinema.
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8．阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
One of the most frequently repeated issues in protecting cultural heritage is the difficult relationship between the interests of the individual and the community.
Ancient Romans established that a work of art could be considered part of the possessions of the whole community, even if privately owned. For example, sculptures decorating the fa ade of a private building were recognized as having a common value and couldn’t be removed, since they stood in a public site, where they could be seen by all citizens.
The statesman and general Agrippa placed the Apoxyomenos, a masterpiece by the very famous Greek sculptor Lysippos, in front of his bathroom. Emperor Tiberius deeply admired the sculpture and ordered it be removed from the public view and placed in his private palace. The Roman people rose up and forced him to return the Apoxyomenos to its previous location, where everyone could admire it!
The term “cultural heritage” typically raises the idea of a single society and the communication between its members. But cultural boundaries are not necessarily well-defined. Artists, writers, scientists, craftsmen and musicians learn from each other, even if they belong to different cultures, far removed in space or time. Just think about the influence of Japanese prints on Paul Gauguin’s paintings; or of African masks on Pablo Picasso’s works.
Let’s take another example, that of the Mona Lisa painted in the early sixteenth century by Leonardo da Vinci. From a modern point of view, whose national heritage does the Mona Lisa belong to
Leonardo was a very famous Italian painter, that’s why the Mona Lisa is obviously part of the Italian cultural heritage. When Leonardo went to France, to work at King Francis I’s court, he probably brought the Mona Lisa with him. It seems that in 1518 King Francis I acquired the Mona Lisa, which therefore ended up in the royal collections: that’s why it is obviously part of the French national heritage, too. This painting belongs to the cultural heritage of all mankind.
Cultural heritage passed down to us from our parents must be preserved for the benefit of all. In an era of globalization, cultural heritage helps us to remember our cultural diversity, and its understanding develops mutual respect and renewed dialogue amongst different cultures.
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9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Meet the Woman Who Gives Rescued Farm Animals a Second Chance at Life
Shortly after doctors diagnosed ten-year-old Jenny Brown with bone cancer, they had to cut off her right leg below the knee to save her life. Facing a year of chemotherapy (化疗) after the surgery, Jenny begged her mother for a kitten. The orange calico Jenny named Boogie rarely left her side, licking tears from her cheeks after hospital visits and curling up in her lap as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic (假肢的) leg.
“My relationship with Boogie showed me that animals think, feel, and suffer as much as we do,” says Jenny, now 44.
In 1994, Jenny graduated from Columbia College Chicago and began a career in television and documentary production. On the side, she volunteered as a videographer for animal rights groups, and in 2002, she shot undercover footage of horrible animal mistreatment at several Texas farm animal stockyards. “After seeing that, I knew I needed to help animals,” says Jenny.
A year later, she gave up her film career and with her fiancé, Doug Abel, a film editor, opened the Woodstock Farm Sanctuary, a nonprofit organization dedicated to rescuing and recovering farm animals, on a 22-acre property they bought in the rolling hills of Woodstock, New York, the next year.
In August 2007, she received a call from Animal Care and Control of NYC about a small goat it had found hopping around Prospect Park. Jenny guessed it had run away from one of the city’s murder-houses. The goat’s legs were severely injured, probably from being bound together with wire, and its mouth was covered in aching.
Jenny and her team brought the goat, which they named Albie, to the preserve, but they soon realized that Albie’s left front leg was injured beyond repair. After a veterinarian(兽医) cut off the leg. Jenny asked Erik Tomkins, the doctor who makes Jenny’s prostheses, to fashion a leg for Albie. To date, seven of the preserve’s animals have received prosthetic limbs or braces. “On most farms, animals with these illnesses would be immediately killed,” says Jenny.
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10．阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
We often hear about the importance of cultural heritage. But what is cultural heritage and why is it important
First of all, let’s have a look at the meaning of the words. “Heritage” is a property, something that is inherited, passed down from previous generations. In the case of “cultural heritage,” the heritage doesn’t consist of money or property, but of culture, values and traditions. Cultural heritage implies a shared bond, our belonging to a community. It represents our history and our identity; our bond to the past, to our present, and the future.
Cultural heritage often brings to mind artifacts (paintings, drawings, prints, mosaics, sculptures), historical monuments and buildings, as well as archaeological sites. But the concept of cultural heritage is even wider than that, and has gradually grown to include all evidence of human creativity and expression: photographs, documents, books and manuscripts, and instruments, etc. either as individual objects or as collections. Today, towns, underwater heritage, and the natural environment are also considered part of cultural heritage since communities identify themselves with the natural landscape.
Moreover, cultural heritage is not only limited to material objects that we can see and touch. It also consists of immaterial elements: traditions, oral history, performing arts, social practices, traditional craftsmanship, representations, rituals, knowledge and skills transmitted from generation to generation within a community.
But cultural heritage is not just a set of cultural objects or traditions from the past. It is also the result of a selection process: a process of memory and forgetfulness that characterizes every human society constantly engaged in choosing — for both cultural and political reasons — what is worthy of being preserved for future generations and what is not.
All peoples make their contribution to the culture of the world. That’s why it’s important to respect and safeguard all cultural heritage, through national laws and international treaties. Illicit trafficking of artifacts and cultural objects, pillaging of archaeological sites, and destruction of historical buildings and monuments cause irreparable damage to the cultural heritage of a country. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), founded in 1946, has adopted international conventions on the protection of cultural heritage, to foster intercultural understanding while stressing the importance of international cooperation.
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1．One possible version:
Multitasking has become a popular habit mainly because they feel too busy and multitasking helps save time. However, studies show multitasking leads to “microinterruptions,” making it difficult to concentrate and waste time, causing low productivity. Moreover, as humans are not good at concentrating on two things simultaneously, multitasking can make people slow at work and cause mistakes and dangers.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，多任务处理已经成为一种流行的习惯，主要是因为他们觉得太忙了，而多任务处理有助于节省时间。然而，研究表明，多任务处理会导致“微干扰”，使人难以集中注意力，浪费时间，导致效率低下。此外，由于人类不擅长同时专注于两件事，多任务处理会使人们工作速度变慢，并导致错误和危险。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①According to a survey by the magazine Scientific American MIND, 90 percent of American adults multitask regularly. Most people say they multitask because they are too busy, and multitasking saves time.
②These stops and starts make it difficult to concentrate, and so multitaskers actually waste time, according to a study at Microsoft Corporation. In the study, workers who interrupted their work to answer an email or text message took an average of 15 minutes to return to the work they were doing before the interruption.
③Some psychologists say that the human brain just isn’t good at concentrating on two things at the same time. This doesn’t matter if you’re only preparing a salad and listening to the radio, they say. But if you’re doing a difficult task that requires thinking, like writing a report, then multitasking can slow you down and cause mistakes.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Multitasking has become a popular habit mainly since they feel too occupied and multitasking helps save time.
But studies show multitasking contributes to “microinterruptions,” making it hard to concentrate and waste time, causing low productivity.
Besides, as humans are not expert at focusing on two things simultaneously, multitasking can make people slow at work and cause mistakes and dangers.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Multitasking has become a popular habit mainly because they feel too busy and multitasking helps save time.运用because引导原因状语从句原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] But studies show multitasking contributes to “microinterruptions,” making it hard to concentrate and waste time, causing low productivity.用现在分词作状语对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
2．One possible version:
We are what we eat. What we eat depends on four main food groups. When we have got enough energy from all the food together, we can keep fit. We shouldn’t get into bad eating habits, which will make our bodies work improperly. In a word, a good eating habit with some exercise is good for our health.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。正如汽车需要汽油才能运转一样，我们的身体也需要食物来为我们工作。吃正确的食物很重要，它可以保持你的身体强壮，所以你应该注意你吃的东西。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you.
②There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy product group has food like milk, cheese and yogurt.
③It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time.
④Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise.
2.缜密构思
将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合
3.遣词造句
We are what we eat. What we eat depends on four main food groups.
When we have got enough energy from all the food together, we can keep fit.
We shouldn’t get into bad eating habits, which will make our bodies work improperly.
【点睛】[高分句型1] What we eat depends on four main food groups.用了个主语从句对第二段内容进行概括，表达高级。
[高分句型2]：We shouldn’t get into bad eating habits, which will make our bodies work improperly.用了一个定语从句对第三段内容进行概括。
3．One possible version:
Digital educational technology can help improve education in poor countries in lack of qualified teachers and effective supervision. Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children, teachers, and the authorities. Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by available solar chargers, workable information transmission and low costs.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章认为在贫困国家得当地使用数字教育技术可以改善当地的教育，这些国家的教师往往无法胜任教学工作，相关当局也无法管理教师日常的教学，而利用数字教学技术，学校可以得到软件方面的支持，便于儿童使用、教师教学和当局监管。基础设施的问题可以通过太阳能充电器、可移动的信息传输设备解决，该计划的成本也比较低。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The reason is terrible teaching.
②Poor governments often lack the means to check on teachers in distant villages.
③Several recent studies suggest digital-educational tech can help.
④Some of the scarce resources could be better spent on digital-educational tech.
⑤Instead, it means providing schools with software children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers instructions about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
⑥Some may wonder whether the poorest places have the necessary infrastructure.
⑦However, where the grid is not available, solar chargers can work.
⑧Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary information.
⑨Cost does not have to be a huge problem either.
2. 缜密构思
将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合，将第4、5两个要点进行整合，将第6、7、8、9四个要点进行重组。
3. 遣词造句
Digital educational technology can help improve education in poor countries in lack of qualified teachers and effective supervision.
Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children, teachers, and the authorities.
Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by available solar chargers, workable information transmission and low costs.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children, teachers, and the authorities.（运用了动名词短语作by的宾语，动名词短语概括了第5个要点，简洁明了）
[高分句型2] Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by available solar chargers, workable information transmission and low costs.（运用了even if引导的让步状语从句，与主句的语义衔接更为自然）
4．Art is a polarizing subject, and many people believe that an individual's preferences for art are random. According to new research, our love of art may stem from how our brains combine the visual effects of painting with their judgment. This suggests that the factors that influence whether people like a particular photograph are universal, rather than random.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了艺术是一个两极分化的学科，许多人认为个人对艺术的喜好是随机的，根据最新的研究，我们对于作品的喜爱可能是源于大脑是如何将绘画的视觉效果与他们的判断力结合起来的。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Art has always been a polarizing subject. Some people like realism, others like abstract.
②Many consider art to be quite random in terms of our likes and dislikes.
③After analyzing the data, scientists found that the same groups of people tended to prefer similar aspects of the same paintings.
④Finally, the team repeated the first test on new volunteers. Again, the algorithm was able to accurately predict individuals' art preferences.
2.缜密构思：将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句
Art is a polarizing subject, and many people believe that an individual's preferences for art are random.
According to new research, our love of art may stem from how our brains combine the visual effects of painting with their judgment.
This suggests that the factors that influence whether people like a particular photograph are universal, rather than random.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Art is a polarizing subject, and many people believe that an individual's preferences for art are random.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]：This suggests that the factors that influence whether people like a particular photograph are universal, rather than random.（运用了that引导的宾语从句以及关系代词that引导的定语从句）
5．Small talk is often considered meaningless because it involves no real information exchange. However, linguists find small talk is important because it is an exchange of common feelings. Research also shows that, instead of a distraction, small talk is common at work because it unites people in a task and managers often start small talk to make their instruction softer.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，闲聊通常被认为没有意义，因为它不涉及真正的信息交流。然而，语言学家发现闲聊很重要，因为这是一种共同感受的交流。研究还表明，闲聊不仅不会分散注意力，而且在工作中很常见，因为它能把人们团结在一起，经理们经常开始闲聊，以使他们的指示更柔和。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Small talk is often thought of as unimportant, or perhaps worse, a substitute for real speech and thought in common opinion.
②One reason for small talk’s bad reputation is that it tends, for obvious reasons, to aim for the lowest common denominator (分母). In ritualized dialogue, little information is exchanged.
③However, linguists call that crucial hello, talk phatic (交流情感的) Bronislaw Malinowski, who coined the term in the 1920s; explained that in phatic talk ties of union are created by a mere exchange of words.
④Among other things, such chatter can bond equals together in a shared task. She also finds that bosses are more likely to initiate small talks with subordinates than the other round (as well as to cut it off). This is because, even without being told, a good manager realises that it can soften a following instruction.
2.缜密构思 将第1、2个要点进行总结，将第3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Small talk is often regarded meaningless since it involves no real information exchange.
But linguists find small talk is vital because it is an exchange of common feelings.
Research also indicates that, instead of a distraction, small talk is common at work for it unites people in a task and managers often start small talk to make their instruction softer.
【点睛】[高分句型1] However, linguists find small talk is important because it is an exchange of common feelings.运用because引导原因状语从句对原文第三段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Research also shows that, instead of a distraction, small talk is common at work because it unites people in a task and managers often start small talk to make their instruction softer.用that引导宾语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
6．Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being. However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much. Moreover, they fear the gesture being misinterpreted or causing stress. Researchers suggest people perform random kind acts more often. (53words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明陌生人的意外的小小善举可以改善人们的幸福感，然而由于某些原因人们做出小小善举是还有些犹豫。研究人员建议人们多多行善。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels ②The simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize.
③miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often.
④Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.
⑤Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5个要点进行概括。
3.遣词造句Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being.
However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much.
Moreover, they fear the gesture being misinterpreted or causing stress.
Researchers suggest people perform random kind acts more often.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being.（运用了that引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much. （运用了现在分词作状语）
7．Besides the pandemic, the lack of good movies keeps people from entering the cinema.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了除了流行病意外，好电影的缺乏也导致人们不去电影院看电影。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①At the very beginning, people would blame these astonishing on the pandemic.
②But the pandemic is not the only factor that prevents audiences from entering the cinema.
③The lack of good films to watch is the main reason why people lose their desire for the cinema.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2要点进行重组，将第1、2、3要点进行整合
3.遣词造句
In addition to the epidemic, the lack of good movies leads people not to go to the cinema.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides the pandemic, the lack of good movies keeps people from entering the cinema.（介词短语作状语，将文章第三和第四句话进行概括）
8．One problem to protect cultural heritage is the balance between private and public rights. But in ancient Roman, even a private work of art could be prohibited from being removed from the public view. In author’s opinion, cultural boundaries are not necessary to define, because all artists learn from each other whether in time or space. So cultural heritage, which helps us remember cultural diversity and develop mutual respect must be preserved for the benefit of all mankind.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是在保护文化遗产的过程中，最常被提及的问题之一是个人利益与社会利益之间的关系，作者认为为了所有人的利益，我们必须保护父母传给我们的文化遗产。在全球化时代，文化遗产帮助我们记住我们的文化多样性，对文化遗产的理解促进了不同文化之间的相互尊重和新的对话。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①One of the most frequently repeated issues in protecting cultural heritage is the difficult relationship between the interests of the individual and the community.
②Ancient Romans established that a work of art could be considered part of the possessions of the whole community, even if privately owned. For example, sculptures decorating the fa ade of a private building were recognized as having a common value and couldn’t be removed, since they stood in a public site, where they could be seen by all citizens.
③But cultural boundaries are not necessarily well-defined. Artists, writers, scientists, craftsmen and musicians learn from each other, even if they belong to different cultures, far removed in space or time.
④Cultural heritage passed down to us from our parents must be preserved for the benefit of all. In an era of globalization, cultural heritage helps us to remember our cultural diversity, and its understanding develops mutual respect and renewed dialogue amongst different cultures.
2.缜密构思
将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
①To protect cultural heritage, there is a problem that we should keep the balance between private and public rights.
②But in ancient Rome, even a private work of art should be kept in public view.
③From the author’s point of view, there is no need to define the boundary of culture, because all artists learn from each other both in time and space.
④So cultural heritage, which helps us remember cultural diversity and develop mutual respect must be protected to benefit all the mankind.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In author’s opinion, cultural boundaries are not necessary to define, because all artists learn from each other whether in time or space.运用一个复杂的复合句对原文第四段进行了概括。其中because引导的原因状语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2] So cultural heritage, which helps us remember cultural diversity and develop mutual respect must be preserved for the benefit of all mankind.用which引导的非限制性定语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
9．Jenny had her right leg cut off due to cancer at 10. Her cat Boogie kept her company as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic leg. Later in her life, Jenny devoted herself to helping animals, at first by filming animal mistreatment and then by running an animal sanctuary, where ill or injured animals received prosthetic limbs or braces.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了珍妮在10岁时因癌症切除了右腿。她的猫Boogie陪伴着她适应了假肢的生活。之后，珍妮致力于帮助动物，一开始是拍摄动物虐待，然后是经营一个动物保护区，在那里生病或受伤的动物接受假肢或支架。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Shortly after doctors diagnosed ten-year-old Jenny Brown with bone cancer, they had to cut off her right leg below the knee to save her life. The orange calico Jenny named Boogie rarely left her side, licking tears from her cheeks after hospital visits and curling up in her lap as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic (假肢的) leg.
②On the side, she volunteered as a videographer for animal rights groups, and in 2002, she shot undercover footage of horrible animal mistreatment at several Texas farm animal stockyards. A year later, she gave up her film career and with her fiancé, Doug Abel, a film editor, opened the Woodstock Farm Sanctuary, a nonprofit organization dedicated to rescuing and recovering farm animals, on a 22-acre property they bought in the rolling hills of Woodstock, New York, the next year.
③To date, seven of the preserve’s animals have received prosthetic limbs or braces.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3两个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Jenny had her right leg removed because of cancer at 10.
Her cat Boogie accompanied her as she adapted herself to life with a prosthetic leg.
Later in her life, Jenny committed herself to helping animals, at first by filming animal mistreatment and then by running an animal sanctuary, where sick or injured animals received prosthetic limbs or braces.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Her cat Boogie kept her company as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic leg.运用as引导时间状语对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Later in her life, Jenny devoted herself to helping animals, at first by filming animal mistreatment and then by running an animal sanctuary, where ill or injured animals received prosthetic limbs or braces.用where引导非限制性定语从句对最后三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
10．Cultural heritage consists of culture, values and traditions, which make us feel connected. Cultural heritage includes all evidence of human creativity and expression: photographs, documents, books and manuscripts, and instruments, etc. That is, it is not only limited to material objects, but also to immaterial elements. As cultural heritage is selected by every people, they make their contribution to the colourful cultures, so it’s important to respect and safeguard it.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文化遗产的定义以及保护文化遗产的重要性。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①In the case of “cultural heritage,” the heritage doesn’t consist of money or property, but of culture, values and traditions.
②Cultural heritage consists of culture, values and traditions, which make us feel connected. Cultural heritage includes all evidence of human creativity and expression: photographs, documents, books and manuscripts, and instruments, etc.
③Moreover, cultural heritage is not only limited to material objects that we can see and touch.
④It also consists of immaterial elements: traditions, oral history, performing arts, social practices, traditional craftsmanship, representations, rituals, knowledge and skills transmitted from generation to generation within a community.
⑤It is also the result of a selection process: a process of memory and forgetfulness that characterizes every human society constantly engaged in choosing…
⑥All peoples make their contribution to the culture of the world.
⑦That’s why it’s important to respect and safeguard all cultural heritage, through national laws and international treaties.
2.缜密构思
将3、4两个知识点进行整合，将5、6、7三个知识点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
Cultural heritage consists of culture, values and traditions, which make us feel connected.
That is, it is not only limited to material objects, but also to immaterial elements.
As cultural heritage is selected by every people, they make their contribution to the colourful cultures, so it’s important to respect and safeguard it.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Cultural heritage consists of culture, values and traditions, which make us feel connected.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]
As cultural heritage is selected by every people, they make their contribution to the colourful cultures, so it’s important to respect and safeguard it.（运用了as引导原因状语从句）