广东高考英语阅读理解专项训练（含解析）

阅读理解
Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin Now a study by Cornell University suggests how lifestyles and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.
According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed (挤压) between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned (灌装) and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.
After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely (很少地) goes to the gym.
In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity (肥胖)—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance (认可) and the young decline older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing.
1．According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, in what way are the French different from Americans
A．They can’t sense when actually full.
B．They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyle.
C．They usually eat too much canned and frozen food.
D．They go shopping at huge supermarkets more frequently.
2．On how to stay slim, Mireille Guiliano probably agrees that____________.
A．one has to go to the gym every day
B．one has to know how to eat much food
C．when eating, one should know when to stop
D．when eating, one has to empty his plate every time
3．The underlined word “decline” in the last paragraph probably means .
A．defend B．trace C．cite D．refuse
4．The text is mainly about the relationship between____________.
A．lifestyle and obesity B．children and adults
C．fast food and overweight D．Americans and the French
Mr. Harris used to work in Dover, but then he changed his work, and he and his wife moved to another town. They did not have many friends there, but they soon met a lot of interesting people, and after a few weeks, they often went to dinner or top a ties at other people’s houses.
Then Mrs. Harris said to her husband, “We’ve been to a lot of other people’s houses, and now we must invite them to our house, mustn’t we ”
“Yes, certainly,” answered her husband, “A big party will be the easiest thing, won’t it Then we can start to invite people to dinner in small numbers next month.”
So Mrs. Harris said, “Yes, I’ll invite all our friends here to a big party on 5th December.”
“How many will that be ” Mr. Harris asked. “Don’t invite too many.”
Mrs. Harris was beginning to write the invitations when her husband saw that she was writing, “Party: 6:30 to 8: 30 p.m.”
“That isn’t very nice, is it ” he said. “You’re telling our guests that they must goat 8:30.” So Mrs. Harris just wrote “Party: 6:30 p.m.”
A lot of guests came, and they all had a good time, so they did not go home at 8:30. In fact they were still there at mid-night when the doorbell rang and a policeman arrived. He said, “You must stop making noise, because someone has complained.”
Mr. Harris said he did not want to quarrel with the policeman, so everyone went home. They were sorry to have to go.
When Mr. and Mrs. Harris were alone again, she said to him, “That was a surprise, wasn’t it Who complained about the noise ”
“I did.” Mr. Harris answered in a tired voice.
5．Why did Mr. Harris and his wife move to another town
A．They wanted to make some new friends.
B．Mr. Harris changed his work.
C．They wanted to meet a lot of interesting people.
D．They enjoyed going to parties and visiting other people’s houses.
6．What made Mr. and Mrs. Harris hold a party at their house
A．They had gone to other people’s parties many times.
B．They could ask people to dinner in small numbers.
C．It was easy to hold a big party at home.
D．They liked making friends with others.
7．How long would Mrs. Harris like the party to last
A．From the morning till night. B．About fourteen hours.
C．About two hours. D．Till midnight.
8．Why did Mr. Harris telephone the policeman about the noise
A．Because someone rang his doorbell many times at mid-night.
B．He did not want his friends to stay late that night
C．His friends all felt tired.
D．Because he hated the party.
The Most Beautiful Seas in the World
Considering the most beautiful seas, it’s worth paying attention to the southern water bodies, although, without doubt, each sea is attractive and charming in its own way.
The most beautiful sea in the world-Coral Sea
If we consider the beauty of the seas, and not their coasts, then the first place should be given to the Coral Sea. The Coral Sea is a dangerous place for sailors, and at the same time one of the most beautiful places for diving and all this is due to the unique coral reefs that are home to a wide range of creatures.
The second place-Red Sea
The Red Sea is a truly magnificent place. It has rich fish stocks, a huge number of amazing creatures live in it, and the underwater world is exceptionally rich, which makes it one of the most attractive destinations for divers around the world.
The third place-Caribbean
This is the warmest exotic(异域风情的)place where not only the sea but also the plants on its coast please the eye. It’s located between North and South America, and on its shore there are a number of small countries. Many tourists come here, because rest here is inexpensive, and you can experience different cultural traditions.
The fourth place-Bali Sea
The Bali Sea is located in the Pacific Ocean. This is another paradise(天堂)for relaxation, receiving many tourists every season. The sea has a warm climate, creating ideal conditions for relaxing on the islands of Java, Sulawesi, Sumbawa and Madura.
9．Where should you go if you like diving and various sea creatures
A．Red Sea and Bali Sea. B．Caribbean and Bali Sea.
C．Coral Sea and Red Sea. D．Coral Sea and Caribbean.
10．Why do many visitors come to the Caribbean
A．To appreciate different cultures at a lower cost.
B．To take a close look at a number of wild plants.
C．To look for more corals and the best places to dive.
D．To relax on the islands of Java, Sulawesi and so on.
11．What makes Bali Sea a paradise
A．Its coast. B．Its islands. C．Its tourists. D．Its climate.
Japan is a nation that values silence and good manners. Yet, when it comes to eating noodles, Japanese people can be the loudest in the world.
According to lifestyle website Grapee.jp, slurping (发出喷喷声) when eating noodles is encouraged in Japanese culture. It’s believed that taking air into your mouth can improve the flavor of the noodles and help cool down the food. It’s also considered to be a way to show your preference for the dish. Sometimes, just making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable.
It was not until a new expression — “noodle harassment” — came out on social media that Japanese people started to realize the problem. They found that the slurping noise was making some foreign visitors uncomfortable.
As a response, Japanese instant noodle maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork last month. The fork looks like an electric toothbrush. It is connected wirelessly to a smartphone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp, the fork will send a signal to the person’s phone. Then the phone will play a sound to cover the slurping noise.
But is it really necessary Dining traditions and table manners do vary. In India, people eat with their hands. They think they build a connection with the food in this way. However, people who are used to eating with forks might find it unacceptable to get their hands covered in oil or sauce. But this eating method is part of India’s culture, just as Japan’s slurping is part of its own.
“So, if you are eating noodles, please slurp as you like,” wrote a Japanese food blogger. “If anyone gets annoyed while you are doing that, ignore them. They’re missing the point entirely.”
12．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2
A．The importance of Japanese culture. B．The way to improve the taste of noodles.
C．The description of cooling down hot noodles. D．The reasons for slurping when eating noodles.
13．What does the underlined word “harassment” mean in paragraph 3
A．Annoyance. B．Anxiety. C．Politeness. D．Preference.
14．How does the noise-canceling fork work
A．The fork turns down the slurping noise.
B．The fork reminds the user to stop slurping.
C．The fork signals the smartphone to hide the noise.
D．The fork could be changed into a silent toothbrush.
15．Why does the author mention people in India in paragraph 5
A．To show that forks are unnecessary. B．To give an example of cultural differences.
C．To share a possible solution to slurping. D．To introduce specific food culture of India.
In mid-August, Hou Changliang and Lei Yudan finally held their wedding ceremony at Hou’s hometown in Shaoyang, central China’s Hunan Province.
During the past 11 years, Hou has been traveling and teaching in rural schools across three provinces in Southwest China. In 2011, he signed up for a program, funded by government agencies since 2003. The programme sends col graduates to China’s underdeveloped western regions to work for one to three years in different fields, such as education, agriculture and rural management.
Born into a rural family, Hou knows how life-changing education can be for a rural kid. When most young people were competing for places in big cities, Hou headed deep into the mountains. For Hou, the most difficult aspect of teaching in a remote village was not the poor working conditions or the low income that came with it. For two years, he batted to end the alarming dropout rate among his students in Dahua, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
Locals often saw little reason to support school education for their children, especially girls. “The number of students tended to decrease after winter vacations” said Hou. “After the Chinese New Year, some were brought to big cities to work when they were old enough.”
Since the 1990s, working in cities has gradually become the main way of employment for rural laborers. Working in cities becomes the most popular pat for young people from rural regions to earn an income and become independent early, but at the cost of their education.
Studies into the high drop-out rate of rural students in middle school show that students from poor families often feel anxious about the burden of education on their parents and are more likely to drop out when they have poor grades.
“If I can’t change the parents’ mind, at least I can change the mind of my students-the future parents,” said Hou.
16．What is the purpose of the programme in China’s underdeveloped western regions
A．To develop tourism. B．To advance education.
C．To help with the rural development. D．To provide jobs for college graduates.
17．What problem did Hou find most difficult to solve
A．The poor pay. B．The fierce competition.
C．The high drop-out rate. D．The hard working conditions.
18．What can we learn about rural students from the last two paragraphs
A．They tend to obey their parents. B．Their mind needs to be changed.
C．They feel great pressure to study. D．Their grades are generally poor.
19．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Battle for a change B．Volunteer as a teacher
C．Poverty stands in the way D．Education makes a difference
Plants have been essential to humans since the beginning of time. Their beauty inspires joy and many have healing functions. Now, a recent study has identified a super plant that cleans polluted air.
Noting that car pollution is a global concern, researchers set out to study how effective plants are at catching roadside particulates (颗粒), which cause many health problems. The scientists at the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) in the UK chose the city of Reading to study how effective plants are at catching them. Since previous research has shown that trees help remove air pollution, researchers decided to explore the effectiveness of hedges (树篱). This study looked at three species: hawthorn, western red cedar, and franchet’s cotoneaster (栒子).
Researchers discovered that cotoneaster was the most effective after comparing particulates on leaves of these three plants. This is due to the plant’s hairy, complex leaf structure. Researchers also found that thick hedges over six feet high were best in reducing the concentration of particles. In the most heavily trafficked areas, cotoneaster took in 20 percent more pollution than the other shrubs, according to The Guardian.
Dr Tijana Blanusa, co-author of the study, told The Guardian, “We know that in just seven days a l-metre length of well-managed dense hedge will clean up the same amount of pollution that a car emits over a 500-mile drive.” Blanusa highly recommends planting cotoneasters along busy roads.
This is great news for urban planners, as well as gardeners. Although many people are affected by roadside pollution, an RHS survey shows that only six percent of gardeners choose specific plants that may improve air quality.
Originally from China, cotoneaster is a hardy evergreen that can tolerate cold. In addition to growing healthy in the UK, it can grow strong in areas from California up to the Pacific Northwest, into British Columbia and around the Great Lakes.
Thanks to this recent study, cotoneaster has proved to be extremely beneficial, enabling gardeners and landscapers to make a positive difference to the environment. The hope is that once these super plants are grown in urban gardens and on streets, they will clean the air plus provide intense beauty along the way.
20．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．What plants bring people.
B．Why researchers did the study.
C．How serious air pollution is.
D．What progress scientists have made.
21．Why is cotoneaster better at absorbing roadside particulates
A．Its leaves are made of many different parts.
B．It can keep green in bad weather conditions.
C．It has a suitable height for reducing pollution.
D．Its leaves are thick in places with heavy traffic.
22．What’s Tijana Blanusa’s attitude towards the effect of cotoneaster
A．Positive. B．Surprised. C．Concerned. D．Doubtful.
23．What can we learn about cotoneaster
A．It requires a lot of care in urban areas.
B．It will affect the growth of other species.
C．It will help improve air quality once planted.
D．It can make people feel energetic all day long.
Americans are “always in a hurry”, wrote Alexis de Tocqueville in 1835. Until the COVID-19 pandemic, nowhere was this more evident in recent decades than in packed trains at peak times as people commuted (通勤) to work.
Almost 75% of office workers in America say the journey is what they dread most about going back to the office. Working remotely a few days a week tends to normality. Rush-hour traffic, overcrowded trains and transport strikes all argue for working from home. The outcry for lower carbon emissions adds additional weight to the argument for millions of employees not undertaking unnecessary journeys. In some emerging cities, getting to work involves traffic jam and accidents.
Some people insist that no commute is ever worth the trouble. But in my opinion, with the right attitude, it does not have to feel like temporary brain damage.
Commuting will inevitably involve some physical activity. But whether you are cycling, or just picking up your walking pace to catch a bus or train, you actually combine being outdoors with an element of struggle-a healthy amount of which can make you energetic, not feel tired out.
Besides, in an era of remote work, the commute helps mark out the mental distance between home and the office, which disappears when the kitchen table has become your work station. As a commuter who has to take the underground to office three days a week, I totally relate to this. On the morning train to office, I tend to work out a to-do list for that day in my mind. But on the way back, I usually let my thoughts wander and still feel connected to the world. In this way, for me, this seemingly wasted time is actually fruitful.
Few people enjoy staying at one place for ever. Working remotely in an isolated village of Italy may sound like a treat for a while. Yet like all sameness, it soon begins to feel stifling (令人窒息的). In a modern world where Alexis de Tocqueville’s words ring true of everyone everywhere, it may seem strange to offer explanation for the hurriedness. But not if you think of the commute as punctuation (标点符号) in the larger tale.
24．What does the underlined word “dread” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Enjoy. B．Fear. C．Care. D．Regret.
25．What does the author think of the struggle to catch a bus
A．It is a waste of time. B．It can be pleasant.
C．It can hardly be handled. D．It does harm to our health.
26．How does the author support his point in paragraph 5
A．By listing statistics. B．By making a comparison.
C．By referring to experts’ views. D．By sharing his own experience.
27．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To appeal to people to live a slow life. B．To encourage people to work remotely.
C．To change people’s views on commuting. D．To help people solve commuting problems.
When a 14-year-old boy from Atlanta, Georg1a disappeared earlier this year, his mother turned to her smartphone for clues using an app called Family Tracker that helped track his location. It is one of several apps that allow parents to track where their children are.
“You can see where your loved ones are without having to call or bother them,” said Roberto Franceschetti of LogSat, the creators of Family Tracker, which has more than 100,000 users worldwide.
Parents can track the location of their child on a map and send messages. Parents don’t need to own a smartphone to track their children. The service can also be accessible on the web, as long as the phone that is being tracked is running the app.
Family Tracker has an additional service that keeps all data made by the app for a two-week period, which the company calls BDS breadcrumbs(面包屑). The service was used to find the missing boy in Atlanta.
“With a subscription(订阅), we keep all the locations where people have been on our servers. You can see where your kid has been for the past two weeks. You can find out where someone was at a certain time, or when that person was at a specific place,” Franceschetti explained.
“When somebody gets kidnapped(绑架), usually whoever does this throws the phone away or takes the battery out. We were hoping that our app would at least provide information on where the person was kidnapped or where had been in the past. That way the police would have a history or some clues as to who they may have been seeing.”
28．What does the text mainly about
A．The invention of an app called Family Tracker.
B．An app designed to help parents find missing children.
C．A smartphone which can activate an alarm in remote areas.
D．An app which can be used both on the phone and on the Net.
29．Which is the most important factor(因素)if a parent wants to know where his child is
A．The parent must have a smartphone.
B．The parent has to buy a map.
C．The child must have a phone running the app.
D．The child must not be in faraway areas.
30．What is BDS breadcrumbs used to do
A．To let parents send messages. B．To locate where children are.
C．To warn children of time. D．To store data produced by the app.
31．From the last paragraph we can infer that the app can be of some help to________.
A．parents B．teachers C．robbers D．policemen
There are many amazing sites to visit in Europe. Here are some natural wonders on the European continent that can take your breath away.
Algarve in Portugal
Known for water in endless shades of green and blue, golden beaches and tiny bays, Portugal’s southern Algarve region is a paradise of sun, sea and sand. Whether you wander around the coastline, take a boat tour of the sea or sunbathe on the soft golden sand while the waves gently lap at the shore, you’re sure to feel like you’re in heaven.
Las Médulas in Spain
The historic mining site of Las Médulas in the northwest of Spain is a dramatic example of ancient Roman technology. The region was rich in gold mines where the Romans extracted gold using hydraulic (液压的) power in the lst century, leaving behind a transformed landscape still visible today. With its burnt orange peaks and abundant greenery, it’s a perfect mix of natural and man-made scenery.
Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst between Hungary and Slovakia
The Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst are located between Hungary and Slovakia and contain 712 caves which spread out over 55,800 hectares. The caves are made of limestone (石灰石) and have high humidity, so dripping water has formed into stalactites (钟乳石) over millions of centuries， creating the decorations you can witness today.
Lake Hallstat in Austria
Located between Salzburg and Graz, Hallstatt is a picturesque, 19th-century town in Austria’s Lake District featuring cottages, salt mines and ice caves. Situated in a settlement that dates back to the early Iron Age, it is one of the oldest settlements that were occupied in Europe.
32．How will travelers probably find a tour of Algarve
A．Tiring. B．Relaxing. C．Educational. D．Adventurous.
33．What can travelers do in Las Médulas
A．Look at stalactites in a gold mine.
B．Learn about the process of gold mining.
C．Know how hydraulic power is used today.
D．Enjoy the scenery of historic gold-mining sites.
34．Where are travelers interested in ancient settlements most likely to go
A．Algarve. B．Hallstatt. C．Las Médulas. D．Aggtelek Karst.
Jason, a straight-A student from the University of Pennsylvania, uses the term “pseudo-working” to describe how some students study. The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working hard—he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to stay up late into the night—but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, he or she doesn’t actually achieve much.
This phenomenon can be seen in most colleges. For example, a roommate looks through her chemistry notes on the couch while watching TV. The guy brings meals and packs of Red Bull to the study zone preparing for a paper-writing marathon.
By placing themselves in distracting environments and working long hours, the students are damaging their brain’s ability to think clearly and efficiently to achieve the task at hand. In the end, they get half the results with twice the effort.
The bigger problem is that most students don’t even realize they’re pseudo-working. To them, pseudo-working is work - it’s how they and their friends have always done it. They never think there might be a better way. On the other hand, straight-A students know all about pseudo-working. They fear it, and it not only wastes time, but it’s also mentally tiring.
In fact, the most important skill in becoming a better student is the ability to get work done quickly and with a smallest amount of wasted effort. Some cognitive (认知的) science research concludes that about 50 minutes is the optimal learning period to maximize(最大化) the material integrated per time unit. To understand this better, just consider the following simple formula: work achieved = time spent * degree of focus.
Pseudo-working features a very low degree of focus. Therefore, to achieve something by pseudo-working, you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A student s approach, on the other hand, increases his degree of focus in order to use less time.
35．Which of the following phenomenon is pseudo-working
A．Tom is busy taking notes while attending a lecture.
B．Alice and Sara are sitting on the couch reading their favorite books.
C．Mike is sitting at a study lounge in preparation for a final exam quietly.
D．Jack spends a long time in the library on his essay while listening to music.
36．Compared with straight-A students, the major problem of most students is that they________.
A．want to spend more time on study. B．are eager to follow their friends’ way.
C．have got used to their study approach. D．are unaware of their pseudo-working.
37．What does the underlined word “optimal” probably mean in paragraph 5
A．Best. B．Possible. C．Least. D．Accurate.
38．Why does the author mention the formula in the text
A．To show the benefit of working hard.
B．To prove the necessity of achieving work.
C．To emphasize the importance of concentration.
D．To explain the reason for spending much time.
What does music mean to you Do you use it to help relieve stress, anxiety and fall asleep to For many, the value of music is endless, and scientists and Nobel winners are no exception. From seeing problems in a new way to developing discipline (自律), expressing creativity to working as a team, music has helped many winners in both work and life.
Music has often helped Nobel winners think and process scientific information in a new way. Albert Einstein was influenced by his mother who taught him to play the violin at a very early age. He was especially fond of Mozart, Bach and Schubert. For Einstein, music worked as a brainstorming technique to help him reflect on his theories and solve difficulties he met with. Einstein’s scientific ideas were often firstly created in the shape of images and intuition (直觉), which music later helped to turn into mathematics, logic (逻辑) and words.
Besides helping them reflect on scientifically complex problems, music has helped Nobel winners learn discipline and the importance of a creative mind. For Thomas Südhof’s awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, music gave him important inputs and ideas. Südhof mostly enjoys classical music by masters like Mozart, which requires a creative mind as well as great discipline. It is said that these two factors shaped Südhof’s development as a scientist.
Furthermore, the cooperation between the members of a music band can be compared with the team effort found within a research group. According to Medicine winner James Allison, it is necessary in both fields to build a team where each individual makes their own contribution to the overall work. However, it is important that the communication between the members work so smoothly that each individual also knows what needs to be done to achieve breakthroughs. As James Allison states, “Every now and then my lab has been as well tuned—it feels like a really good band”—the concept of great team work leading to great success can be applied to both science and music.
39．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．Music inspires a team to work together.
B．Music helps to relieve stress and anxiety.
C．Scientists worked together with the help of music.
D．Music helps scientists to achieve scientific success.
40．What did Einstein and Südhof have in common
A．They both valued discipline.
B．They both liked classical music.
C．They studied the same area of science.
D．Intuition often came first to their mind.
41．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean
A．The lab members enjoy music.
B．The lab has made breakthroughs.
C．The lab works through great teamwork.
D．The lab members understand each other.
42．How did the author prove his or her opinion
A．By comparing different ideas. B．By giving supporting examples.
C．By doing musical experiments. D．By referring to famous sayings.
Deveza’s mother was on the waiting list for a kidney transplant (肾移植). Deveza wanted to donate one of her own kidneys, but she was turned down because she might develop the same health problems as her mother in later life.
Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver (肝) for someone else’s kidney. A case study of the organ exchange has now been published. And the surgeons who were involved are calling for more exchanges like this. “You can imagine the enormous impact for mixed organ extended chains,” says John Roberts, a surgeon at University of California, San Francisco.
Most organ transplants come from people who have died, but there are never enough organs. As most people can manage with just one of their kidneys, people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends. If someone wants to donate but their immune (免疫的) system is unsuited, doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative.
When Deveza was looking into such chains, she came across research describing the idea of trading a kidney with the only other organ generally taken from a living donor—the liver. She suggested the idea to many hospitals before she finally contacted Roberts, who saw the idea’s potential.
Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver. It then took 18 months to find Annie Simmons, in Idaho, whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for her sister with severe liver disease. They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.
The team hopes that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living donor liver transplants a year—a ten per cent increase.
43．What did Deveza do to save her mother
A．Carrying out a case study.
B．Calling for kidney donations.
C．Launching a medical experiment.
D．Trading half her liver for a kidney.
44．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Patients’ hopelessness to survive.
B．Several sources of organ donation.
C．Current situation of organ transplants.
D．Doctors’ efforts to improve organ transplants.
45．What can be inferred about the organ exchange between Deveza and Simmons
A．It discouraged organ donation.
B．It brought two families together.
C．It met with widespread approval.
D．It produced a desirable outcome.
46．What is the best title for the text
A．My Liver, Your Kidney
B．Mother’s Love, Our Happiness
C．Organ Transplant: Blessing for Patients
D．Organ Exchange: Major Medical Advances
I am drawn to the peace and pure beauty of primary nature. Being in it heightens my perceptions and narrows my focus. As I concentrate on the surroundings, an inner stillness fill me and helps mega in a sense of place. This was the case when I packed my camera equipment and explored some of Europe’s old-growth forests to highlight these unique environments that have remained untouched for centuries, despite threats of human disturbance.
The visits were often challenging because of unfavorable weather conditions and the distances I had to cover while going multiple times to the locations for a good picture. But the joy of the experience always prevailed. Hiking off trail through the foggy laurel forests of Madeira, I was enveloped by trees that may have been up to 800 years old and whose trunks provided me with shelter when clouds released a sudden down-pour. It felt like entering a holy space.
Wandering in the Scots pine forests of northern Sweden and the mountain tree lines of southern Norway rewarded me with the sense of freedom I always get in the Scandinavian wilderness. The beech (山毛榉) stands rising from the steep slopes of Italy kept me in awe of the power that forests protected from development can possess. I feel honoured that I was allowed access to explore and photograph these wonderlands.
Except Russia, only about 2 percent of the forest areas in Europe are primary, or have never been cleared, reflecting a dazzling richness of life that once filled vast wooded ecosystems. Most of the areas are now protected, but as the human population continues to grow—with disastrous impacts on the planet and its living creatures—the future of these forests is far from certain. I hope that they will still be standing for many centuries more.
47．Why does the author like to explore the forests in Europe
A．To help protect the vast ecosystems. B．To experience the beauty and peace.
C．To improve his skill of taking photos. D．To enjoy the feeling of being challenged.
48．What does the underlined word “prevailed” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Won out. B．Piled up. C．Ran out. D．Faded away.
49．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A．Most forests in Europe are kept as what they were.
B．People have free access to these primary forests.
C．The increasing population causes the destruction of forests.
D．The author prefers the trees of Norway to the beech stands in Italy.
50．How does the author feel about the future of those primary forests
A．Hopeful. B．Concerned. C．Uninterested. D．Not clear.
Humpback whales are superb singers with complex vocal performances that last for tens of minutes, often repeated for many hours. An album of their songs gained worldwide fame in the 1970s and is still the best-selling recording of nature sounds ever made.
Only male humpbacks sing, and all the singers in a wide sea area deliver the same songs in the same way during each year. But songs vary between populations. North Atlantic humpbacks, for example, sing different ones to those in the North Pacific. Songs also vary every year, sometimes slightly, sometimes with more radical shifts.
These song patterns allowed a team from the University of Queensland, Australia to see how precisely humpbacks in different geographical populations can match each other’s songs. Using seven years of recordings, the researchers took a deep dive into the details of six song types made by humpbacks from eastern Australia, which were learned a year later by whales around New Caledonia — an island group around 1,200 km away.
“We found they actually learned the exact sounds, without simplifying or leaving anything out,” says Jenny Allen, who led the study. “Each year we observed them, they sang a different song, so it means humpback whales can learn an entire song pattern from another population very quickly, even if it’s complex or difficult.”
Such copying is remarkable — a bit like a human hearing opera, then singing it back perfectly. It also suggests cultural sharing. Songs are likely being learned on migration routes or at feeding grounds.
51．Why does the author mention the album of whales’ songs
A．To stress how popular it is.
B．To show humpbacks can sing for long.
C．To prove how well humpbacks can sing.
D．To explain the necessity of whale research.
52．What can we know about humpbacks from Paragraph 2
A．Females sing the same songs with males.
B．They change their songs during each year.
C．They produce the exact same songs every year.
D．Their singing patterns among groups are distinct.
53．What is the research finding about humpbacks
A．They learn a song quickly when it is easy.
B．They can sing an opera perfectly as humans.
C．Different groups keep their songs to their own.
D．They can learn a song from another group accurately.
Researchers are building a database of human voices that they’ll use to develop A-based tools that could eventually diagnose (诊断) serious ds eases; they’re targeting everything from Alzheimer’s to cancer. The National Institutes of Health-funded project is an effort to turn the human voice into something that could be used as a biomarker for disease, like blood or temperature.
The research team will start by building an app that will collect voice data from participants with conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and autism. They would be asked to say sounds, read sentences, and read full texts through the app.
Then, they’ll use the datasets to build AI models that could detect the various conditions. The research team is working with the medical AI company Owkin to build and train the AI models in the project. The model learns separately on each dataset, and then the results of those trainings comeback to a central location. Then, the updated combined model is sent back out to each of the locations, and the process begins again.
That lends an additional layer of privacy protection to the voice data, which is unique in that it can be easily tied back to the person it comes from. People’s voices are easily identifiable, even if their name is removed. A team of bioethicists (生物伦理学家) is working on the project to study whether it is morally and legally acceptable to build a voice database and to diagnose diseases based on it. They’re going to be thinking through, for example, if voice is protected and whether patients own their own voice data.
For now, the new research program isn’t interested in building programs for home devices. It’s focused on developing tools that would be used by doctors in doctor’s offices and clinics. It’d be particularly helpful in lower-resourced settings where someone might not be able to see a specialist.
54．What do the second and third paragraphs focus on
A．The research tools. B．The research process.
C．The research method. D．The research background.
55．Who might benefit most from the project
A．Some medical institutions. B．Nursing homes for the elderly.
C．Villagers living in remote areas. D．Citizens with access to family doctors.
56．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Your voice might diagnose diseases.
B．AI models are built with joint efforts.
C．Voices are collected to cure diseases.
D．An app is being built to collect voice data.
A diverse crowd of several hundred people queued up in front of the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco on Thursday morning for a ceremony that meant more to them than just the issue of a popular postage stamp.
The United States Postal Service’s launch of a special stamp for the Year of the Rabbit has come to symbolize more than just a collectors’ item for many. “We constantly talk about celebrations of our diversity as strengths,” San Francisco Mayor London Breed said at the stamp’s launch. “The Lunar New Year represents thousands of years of history. It is the time to promote this (Asian) community in such an extraordinary way.” Breed emphasized that San Francisco is a place where discrimination (歧视) against Asians is unacceptable.
Inspired by decorated masks used in dragon and lion dances, USPS art director Antonio Alcala worked on the beautiful rabbit stamp design with artist Camille Chew.
Jay Xu, director of the Asian Art Museum, said the Lunar New Year celebrations and the stamp launch all reflect the recognition of “our community’s fine integrity (正直) and essentialism” to the United States. “It enables us to tell more stories — our past, our present and our future,” said Xu, adding that people could strike up a conversation through the collection of artifacts (历史文物) such as stamps. “Stamps can go everywhere and can define friendship between different countries and cultures. This stamp is for all. The Lunar New Year is for all.”
Derek Kan, a member of the USPS board of governors, said, “For more than three decades, USPS has issued stamps highlighting the Lunar New Year, and they are some of the most successful stamp releases in our history.”
Chloe Chan, a second-generation Chinese immigrant, said the rabbit stamp is very “artistic” and worthy of her long wait in line. She has collected every stamp the USPS has issued for the Chinese New Year celebration. Chan is hopeful that her children and grandchildren will observe the Lunar New Year the same way she does, with housecleaning, holiday decorations, rituals (礼仪) and food to honor family roots and the Chinese culture.
The USPS issued its first Chinese New Year stamp for the Year of the Rooster on Dec. 30, 1992.
57．How did Antonio Alcala get the inspiration to design the stamp
A．He observed a lot of rabbits raised on a farm.
B．He looked through a collection of Asian artifacts.
C．He sought for opinions from the Asian community.
D．He took notice of the masks used in some dances.
58．Which of the following words can replace the underlined one “highlighting” in paragraph 5
A．Requesting. B．Emphasizing. C．Scheduling. D．Monitoring.
59．Who expects that her or his later generations will celebrate the Lunar New Year
A．Jay Xu. B．Chloe Chan. C．Derek Kan. D．London Breed.
60．What can be the best title for the news report
A．Rabbit stamp symbolizes culture bond
B．Stamp goes everywhere and defines friendship
C．Artistic rabbit stamp worthy of being displayed
D．USPS keeps issuing stamps highlighting Lunar New Year
A healthy diet may not offset (抵消) the effects of a high salt intake on blood pressure, suggests a new study. The research, from scientists at a number of institutions, studied the diets of over 4,000 people. The results showed that people eating higher amounts of salt had higher blood pressure — no matter how healthy a person’s overall diet.
The scientists behind the research are now advising people to monitor their salt intake-and food companies to lower the salt content in their products.
High blood pressure affects more than one in four adults in the UK, and increases the risk of a number of conditions including heart attacks and stroke. It’s thought that vitamins and minerals in fruit and vegetables might in some way affect blood vessels (血管), enabling them to lower blood pressure. Previously, experts believed that eating high amounts of fruit and vegetables might help offset the effects of high salt on blood pressure. However, while these foods do tend to lower blood pressure, the new research suggests they do not offset the adverse influence of high salt intake.
In the paper, the team studied data from the so-called INTERMAP study. In this study published in 2018，scientists tracked the diets of 4, 680 people, aged 40-59, from the USA, the UK, Japan and China. The researchers found a link between high blood pressure and high salt intake, even in people who were on a healthy diet.
The recommended upper limit of adult salt intake in the UK is 6 g a day. The study found that the average salt intake across the study was 10.7 g a day. The average intake for the UK was 8.5 g while the intake for the USA, China and Japan were9.6g, 13.1 g and 11.7 g respectively.
Increasing salt intake above this average amount was linked 10 an increase in blood pressure. Dr Queenie Chan, joint lead author of the research, said the research shows the importance o cutting salt intake.
61．What can food industry do to help lower people’s high blood pressure
A．Take control of their salt production.
B．Monitor the quality of their products.
C．Cut down salt content in their products.
D．Make salt-free food only.
62．What does the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Adventurous.
B．Harmful.
C．Brief.
D．Average,
63．Which of the following nations has the highest average salt intake
A．The USA．
B．The UK.
C．China.
D．Japan.
64．What can be the best title for the text
A．High blood pressure is related to high salt intake
B．A healthy diet may not offset high salt intake
C．Research shows the importance of cutting salt intake
D．People eating higher amounts of salt have higher blood pressure
A new study from North Carolina State University found that biology textbooks have done a poor job of including material related to climate change. For example, the study found that most biology textbooks published in the 2010s included less information about climate change than they did in the previous decade--despite significant advances in our understanding of how climate change is influencing ecosystems and the environment.
“In short, we found biology textbooks are failing to share enough information about climate change, which is a generation-defining topic in the life sciences,” says Jennifer Landin, author of the study. “These books are the baseline texts for helping students understand the science of life on Earth, yet they are providing very little information about a phenomenon that is having a great impact on habitats, ecosystems, agriculture--almost every aspect (方面) of life on Earth,”
For the study, researchers investigated coverage of climate change in 57 college biology textbooks published between 1970 and 2019. The researchers found climate coverage has varied greatly over those five decades and that the amount of climate coverage in textbooks fell off in the 2010s. In addition to length, the nature of the content has also changed greatly over time.
“One of the most troubling findings was that textbooks are devoting less space to addressing climate solutions now than they did in the 1990s--even as they focus more on the effects of climate change,” Landin says. “That suggests to students that nothing can be done,which is both wildly misleading and contributes to a sense of fatalism (宿命论) regarding cli-mate change.”
“We are hoping that this study will serve as a wake-up call for publishers and instructors. We need to do a much better job of putting climate change into our courses if we want to pre-pare students to understand the role that climate change is playing in shaping life on Earth and how we study it,” Landin says.
65．What is the example in paragraph 1 used to do
A．Prove biology textbooks’ poor performance.
B．Show the dissatisfaction with climate change.
C．Attract the attention of students studying biology.
D．Show the content of textbooks published in the 2010s.
66．What is the problem of biology textbooks according to Landin
A．No enough material about climate change.
B．Providing little new information about biology.
C．Not covering every aspect of life on Earth.
D．No generation-defining topics in the textbooks.
67．How did the researchers conduct the study
A．By tracking textbook publishers.
B．By doing surveys of students in colleges.
C．By observing climate change for 50 years.
D．By investigating college biology textbooks.
68．What does Landin expect the study to function as
A．A wake up call for biology science.
B．A warning to take biology seriously.
C．A direction of studying climate change.
D．An alarm bell for publishers and teachers.
Hunger is a very real problem around the globe. This year, almost 7 million people have died of hunger already. Why do people still die of hunger when there’s more than enough food in the world
Well, considering that there are places in the world where basic needs like housing and clean, drinkable water are not met, then it doesn’t come as a surprise that food is just not accessible to them. The food exists-it just doesn’t get to where it needs to be.
Nigerian farmer Samson Ogbole decided to go ahead and cultivate (培育) fruit and vegeta-bles in a different way. Ogbole’s farming process centres around two concepts: soilless farming and aeroponics (气雾栽培). To put it simply-he’s growing food in the air.
As Ogbole explained during a TED talk, aeroponics is the future of agriculture because it offers many benefits. For example, it is cheaper than traditional farming because there is no need to hire as many workers since everything is done with a “click”. Also, this kind of farming is more environmentally friendly since farmers don’t use pesticides. At the same time, there are no space limitations-planting in the air means you can plant as many layers as you like. The sky is the limit literally!
So, the young farmer has been practicing aeroponics for more than five years with impressive results. His work was recently praised on social media this summer when he was featured in a network post. In the post, Ogbole’s farming method was mentioned, and Internet users had the chance to see pictures of the farmer’ s produce.
Many viewers think southern Nigeria needs this method to grow crops. This will help in bringing down the price and avoiding future food blockades from the north. It seems that people are already realizing that this method will change the way people grow food. And, most importantly, it will help solve some of the issues related to hunger around the world.
69．What does the figure in paragraph 1 show
A．The seriousness of hunger.
B．The number of hungry people.
C．The nccessity of growing food in the air.
D．The existing population problem.
70．Why do people still starve to death in the world according to the text
A．There is not enough food supply.
B．Their basic needs are not met.
C．They have no scientific planting methods.
D．Food is not equally shared.
71．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The theory of aeroponics.
B．The advantages of aeroponics.
C．How to grow food in the air.
D．The downsides of traditional farming.
72．What do viewers think of Ogbole’s farming method
A．Unrealistic.
B．Funny.
C．Promising.
D．Helpless.
In all of the Jurassic Park movies, dinosaurs (恐龙) are the stars of the show. The way the dinosaurs look and move is amazing — they seem so real. But dinosaurs haven’t lived on our planet for the last 65 million years. So how do filmmakers bring them to life They ask paleontologists (古生物学家) for help.
Paleontologist Tyler Lyson has been interested in dinosaurs since he was a child. He grew up in the countryside in the western United States and found his first dinosaur fossil (化石) when he was only six years old. Lyson says the best way to learn about dinosaurs is to look at fossils. Fossils and footprints help scientists understand how dinosaurs looked, moved, and lived.
Filmmakers use fossils and other research from paleontologists to build dinosaurs for their movies. But they also have to imagine. The dinosaur builders have to decide what color the dinosaurs are, what patterns (图案) the dinosaurs have, how long their tails are...
Another very important thing that helps bring dinosaurs to life is the computer. After dinosaur builders make dinosaur models, they put pictures of them into a computer, and then use CGI — computer-generated imagery (计算机生成影像) to make them move. Filmmakers have used CGI for all the dinosaurs in the Jurassic Park movies.
Paleontologists still have a lot of questions about dinosaurs. What did they sound like How did they look for food What did they eat The answers to these questions will help filmmakers create even more realistic dinosaurs than ever before.
73．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．The Jurassic Park movies. B．Paleontologists.
C．The last 65 million years. D．Dinosaurs.
74．What does Lyson think is the best way to learn about dinosaurs
A．Reading books. B．Looking at fossils.
C．Watching movies. D．Going to the countryside.
75．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Why CGI is popular. B．Why filmmakers build dinosaurs.
C．How dinosaur models are brought to life. D．What questions paleontologists still have.
76．What can we know from the passage
A．Lyson’s interesting dinosaurs started young.
B．Some paleontologists also make dinosaur movies.
C．Dinosaurs appeared on our planet 65 million years ago.
D．Paleontologists already know what dinosaurs sounded like.
参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了美国和法国生活方式的不同，以及他们的生活方式与肥胖之间的关系。作者以为什么美国人在与肥胖作斗争而法国人享受着美食且保持身材苗条引出话题，并展开讨论。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their lifestyle.(据健康专家Joseph Mercola博士介绍，法国人将饮食视为他们生活方式的重要组成部分。)”可知，Joseph Mercola博士认为，法国人和美国人的不同之处在于法国人认为饮食是他们生活方式的重要组成部分。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food.(《法国女人不会发胖》一书的作者Mireille Guiliano在访问美国后，决定写一篇关于知道何时停止而不是建议如何避免食物的重要性的文章。)”可知，关于如何保持苗条，Mireille Guiliano可能同意在吃东西的时候，应该知道什么时候停下来。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“as American fast food gains acceptance (认可)(随着美国快餐越来越被接受)”以及后文“older traditions(老传统)”可知，随着美国快餐逐渐被接受，年轻人逐渐拒绝传统。由此可知，线词意思是“拒绝”，和refuse意思相近。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中“Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.(研究人员得出结论，法国人在感到饱的时候往往会停止进食。然而，美国人往往在他们的盘子空了或他们最喜欢的电视节目结束时停下来。)”可知，本文主要介绍了美国和法国的生活方式的不同，而且美国的饮食方式容易造成肥胖，而法国的饮食方式可保持身体苗条，也就是主要介绍的生活方式与肥胖之间的关系。故选A。
5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Harris夫妇邀请朋友参加聚会的故事。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Mr. Harris used to work in Dover, but then he changed his work, and he and his wife moved to another town. (Harris先生过去在多佛工作，但后来他换了工作，和妻子搬到了另一个城镇)”可知，他们搬家的原因是因为Harris换工作了，故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Then Mrs. Harris said to her husband, “We’ve been to a lot of other people’s houses, and now we must invite them to our house, mustn’t we ” (然后Harris太太对丈夫说：“我们已经去过很多次别人家里了，现在我们必须邀请他们来我们家，不是吗？”)”可知，他们想在家举办聚会邀请朋友的原因是之前他们已经去过许多次朋友家里了。选项A“They had gone to other people’s parties many times. (他们之前多次参加其他人的聚会)”与文中的“We’ve been to a lot of other people’s houses”含义相同，故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据第六段中“Mrs. Harris was beginning to write the invitations when her husband saw that she was writing, “Party: 6:30 to 8: 30 p.m.”(Mrs. Harris开始写请柬时，她丈夫看到她在上面写着:“晚会:晚上6:30至8:30。”)”可知，Mrs. Harris希望晚会持续大概两个小时。故选C项。
8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段和最后一段When Mr. and Mrs. Harris were alone again, she said to him, “That was a surprise, wasn’t it Who complained about the noise ”“I did.” Mr. Harris answered in a tired voice.(当哈里斯夫妇再次单独在一起时，她对他说:“这真令人吃惊，不是吗 谁抱怨噪音 ”“是我做的，”Harris疲惫地回答道)”可推测出，Harris太累了，不想让他的朋友们那天晚上待到深夜，所以向警察投诉噪音，希望通过警察来结束聚会，故选B。
9．C 10．A 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了世界上四处美丽的海域。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Coral Sea is a dangerous place for sailors, and at the same time one of the most beautiful places for diving and all this is due to the unique coral reefs that are home to a wide range of creatures.（珊瑚海对水手来说是一个危险的地方，同时也是潜水最美丽的地方之一，这一切都是由于独特的珊瑚礁是各种生物的家园。）”以及第三段中“The Red Sea is a truly magnificent place. It has rich fish stocks, a huge number of amazing creatures live in it, and the underwater world is exceptionally rich, which makes it one of the most attractive destinations for divers around the world.（红海是一个真正壮丽的地方。它有丰富的鱼类资源，有大量令人惊叹的生物生活在其中，水下世界异常丰富，这使它成为世界各地潜水员最具吸引力的目的地之一。）”可知，如果你喜欢潜水或各种海洋生物，就应该到珊瑚海和红海，故选择C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的最后一句“Many tourists come here, because rest here is inexpensive, and you can experience different cultural traditions.（许多游客来到这里，因为在这里度假很便宜，你可以体验不同的文化传统。）”可知，很多游客来加勒比海是因为可以以更低的成本欣赏不同的文化，故选择A项。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“This is another paradise(天堂)for relaxation, receiving many tourists every season. The sea has a warm climate, creating ideal conditions for relaxing on the islands of Java, Sulawesi, Sumbawa and Madura（这是另一个度假的天堂，每个季节都会接待许多游客。大海气候温暖，为在爪哇岛、苏拉威西岛、松巴哇岛和马杜拉岛上放松创造了理想的条件）”可知，巴厘海之所以成为度假天堂是因为这里的气候，故选择D项。
12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了日本人吃面条发出喷喷声的这一文化现象以及产生的影响，告诉我们要尊重饮食文化差异。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“According to lifestyle website Grapee.jp, slurping (发出喷喷声) when eating noodles is encouraged in Japanese culture. It’s believed that taking air into your mouth can improve the flavor of the noodles and help cool down the food. It’s also considered to be a way to show your preference for the dish. Sometimes, just making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable.(据生活方式网站grape.jp报道，日本文化鼓励吃面条时发出声音。人们认为，将空气吸入口中可以改善面条的味道，帮助食物降温。这也被认为是一种表达你对这道菜偏好的方式。有时候，仅仅是发出声音似乎就能让面条变得更美味)”可知，第二段的主旨是吃面条时发出声音的原因。故选D。
13．词义猜测题。根据第三段“They found that the slurping noise was making some foreign visitors uncomfortable. (他们发现这种声音让一些外国游客感到不舒服)”可知，这种喷喷声已经影响到外国游客并让他们感觉不舒服，即让人们感觉烦恼，由此可推测出划线部分“harassment”是负面含义，意为“烦恼”。结合选项：A. Annoyance烦恼，生气；B. Anxiety焦虑；C. Politeness礼貌；D. Preference偏爱。A选项与harassment词义相近。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“The fork looks like an electric toothbrush. It is connected wirelessly to a smartphone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp, the fork will send a signal to the person’s phone. Then the phone will play a sound to mask the slurping noise. (该叉子看起来像电动牙刷。它与智能手机无线连接。当使用叉子的人开始发出声音时，叉子会向这个人的手机发送一个信号。然后手机会播放一种声音来掩盖喷喷声)”可知，消音叉的运作模式是：手机接收消音叉发出的信号，然后手机会播放声音去掩盖喷喷声，故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第五段“But is it really necessary Dining traditions and table manners do vary. In India, people eat with their hands. They think they build a connection with the food in this way. However, people who are used to eating with forks might find it unacceptable to get their hands covered in oil or sauce. But this eating method is part of India’s culture, just like Japan’s slurping is part of its own. (但这真的有必要吗？饮食传统和餐桌礼仪确实各不相同。在印度，人们用手吃东西。他们认为他们通过这种方式与食物建立了一种联系。然而，习惯用叉子吃饭的人可能会觉得手沾满油或酱是不可接受的。但这种饮食方式是印度文化的一部分，就像日本人吃东西发出的喷喷声是自己文化的一部分一样)”可知作者提及印度人的原因就是为了强调不同文化中饮食习惯和餐桌礼仪是有差异的，而这种差异是一种正常现象。故选B。
16．C 17．C 18．B 19．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了侯长亮在中国西南部支教的故事。
16．推理判断题。根据第二段中“ The programme sends col graduates to China’s underdeveloped western regions to work for one to three years in different fields, such as education, agriculture and rural management.（该项目将大学毕业生送往中国欠发达的西部地区，在教育、农业和农村管理等不同领域工作一到三年。）”可知，这一项目主要是为了帮助不发达地区的发展，故选择C项。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段中“For Hou, the most difficult aspect of teaching in a remote village was not the poor working conditions or the low income that came with it. For two years, he batted to end the alarming dropout rate among his students in Dahua, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.（对侯来说，在一个偏远的村庄教书最困难的方面不是恶劣的工作条件或随之而来的低收入。两年来，他努力结束了广西壮族自治区大华学生惊人的辍学率。）”可知，对于侯长亮来说最大的困难是高辍学率，故选择C项。
18．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““If I can’t change the parents’ mind, at least I can change the mind of my students-the future parents,” said Hou（侯说：“如果我不能改变家长的想法，至少我可以改变我的学生——未来的家长的想法。”）”可知，贫困地区学生的观念有待改变，故选择B项。
19．主旨大意题。根据全文对于侯长亮在西南支教期间努力技术当地的高辍学率的介绍以及最后一段““If I can’t change the parents’ mind, at least I can change the mind of my students-the future parents,” said Hou（侯说：“如果我不能改变家长的想法，至少我可以改变我的学生——未来的家长的想法。”）”可知，使用A项Battle for a change“为改变而战”符合题意，故选择A项。
20．B 21．A 22．A 23．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近的一项研究发现了一种能够净化被污染空气的超级植物。
【详解】1.主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Noting that car pollution is a global concern, researchers set out to study how effective plants are at catching roadside particulates(颗粒), which cause many health problems.(注意到汽车污染是全球关注的问题，研究人员着手研究植物在捕捉路边微粒方面的有效性，这些微粒会导致许多健康问题。)”内容可知，本段主要介绍了研究人员做这项研究的原因。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers discovered that cotoneaster was the most effective after comparing particulates on leaves of these three plants. This is due to the plant’s hairy, complex leaf structure.(研究人员比较了这三种植物叶子上的微粒后发现，栒子是最有效的。这是由于植物的多毛，复杂的叶子结构。)”可知，栒子在吸收路边微粒方面更加有效是因为它的叶子结构比较复杂（由许多不同的部分组成的）。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段中Tijana Blanusa说的话“We know that in just seven days a 1-metre length of well-managed dense hedge will cleanup the same amount of pollution that a car emits over a 500-mile drive.(我们知道，在短短七天内，一公尺长、管理良好、密集的树篱就能清理掉相当于一辆汽车在500英里行驶过程中排放的污染物。)”以及该段末句“Blanusa highly recommends planting cotoneasters along busy roads.(Blanusa强烈建议在繁忙的道路上种植植物。)”可知，Tjana Blanusa对栒子的效果是肯定的。故选A。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The hope is that once these super plants are grown in urban gardens and on streets, they will clean the air plus provide intense beauty along the way.(人们希望，一旦这些超级植物在城市花园和街道上种植，它们将净化空气，并在一路上提供强烈的美感。)”可知，一旦种植栒子后，它将帮助改善空气质量。故选C。
24．B 25．B 26．D 27．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了许多人认为通勤很痛苦，但作者认为用正确的态度来看待，通勤也不一定是那么费脑筋的事情。文章列举了通勤的一些好处。
24．词句猜测题。根据下文“Rush-hour traffic, overcrowded trains and transport strikes all argue for working from home. (高峰时段的交通、拥挤的火车和交通罢工都是在家工作的理由)”可知，后文列举了通勤族要面临各种问题，说明美国上班族害怕通勤，故画线词dread与fear表达的意思相同，意为“害怕”。故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But whether you are cycling, or just picking up your walking pace to catch a bus or train, you actually combine being outdoors with an element of struggle-a healthy amount of which can make you energetic, not feel tired out.(但无论你是骑自行车，还是加快步伐赶公共汽车或火车，你实际上是把户外活动与奋斗元素结合在一起——适量的运动可以让你精力充沛，而不是感到疲惫)”可知，作者认为稍微费点劲去赶公交可以是令人愉快的。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第五段中“As a commuter who has to take the underground to office three days a week, I totally relate to this.(作为一名每周有三天必须乘坐地铁上班的通勤者，我完全理解这一点)”以及随后作者具体做法的介绍可推知，作者是通过分享他个人的通勤体验来支持他在该段所提出的观点的。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段“Some people insist that no commute is ever worth the trouble. But in my opinion, with the right attitude, it does not have to feel like temporary brain damage.(有些人坚持认为，通勤不值得这么麻烦。但在我看来，有了正确的态度，这并不一定会让人觉得是暂时的头疼问题)”结合文章主要说明了许多人认为通勤很痛苦，但作者认为用正确的态度来看待，通勤也不一定是那么费脑筋的事情。文章还列举了通勤的一些好处。可推知，本文旨在改变人们对于通勤的负面看法。故选C。
28．B 29．C 30．D 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为“Family Tracker”应用程序，该程序允许父母追踪孩子行踪。
28．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“When a 14-year-old boy from Atlanta, Georgia disappeared earlier this year, his mother turned to her smartphone for clues using an app called Family Tracker that helped track his location. It is one of several apps that allow parents to track where their children are.(今年早些时候，一名来自佐治亚州亚特兰大的14岁男孩失踪了，他的母亲用一款名为“家庭追踪器”的应用程序在智能手机上寻找线索，帮助追踪他的位置。它是几款允许父母追踪孩子行踪的应用程序之一。)”以及第二段““You can see where your loved ones are without having to call or bother them,” said Roberto Franceschetti of LogSat, the creators of Family Tracker, which has more th