山东高考英语阅读理解专项训练 （含解析）

阅读理解
On a tram smoothly pulling into the heart of Luxembourg City, Marck gives a smile and takes a look at the fabric of the seat next to him. For him, the city’s trams are more than just transport. More even than the focus of his job. They are about transforming his country and, perhaps, changing the world.
Marck is the director general of Luxtram, Luxembourg’s modern trams. It first started running services two years ago. Next year, Luxembourg will become the world’s only country to get rid of fares on all its forms of public transport. Luxembourg’s traffic problems come from its army of workers. The population of the capital city almost doubles during the working day, when more than 110,000 people travel in and out.
After three decades when its roads have become so crowded, Luxembourg is going to do something remarkable. Free fares, and a plan to persuade people to switch from cars to trams or trains. Marck, along with many others, is excited to see what happens next. “The fact that this is free means that everyone can use it — young or old, rich or poor,” he said. “Everyone can say to themselves it’s better to leave the car at home. We must continue to improve and extend the network. It must always be comfortable, well-connected, efficient.”
Lydie Polfer, the city’s mayor, says she hopes to reach the point where more than a third of people come into the city using public transport — at the moment, it’s less than one in five. She said, “It’s not practical to ban cars because some people, like the elderly, need them. But everyone has to be aware that he or she can do something to improve the situation. There is an expression in German — you are not in the traffic jam — you are the traffic jam, and that is true. I think that making it free will be the biggest arguments for people to use public transport. ”
1．Why does Marck think the city’s trams are more than just transport
A．The trams are his goal that he strives for.
B．There are more means of transportation than trams.
C．City’s trams bring more changes beyond transport.
D．The trams are the heart of Luxembourg City transport system.
2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The cause of the traffic problems. B．The means of public transport.
C．The development of running services. D．The increase of working population.
3．What concerns people most when using the public transport
A．The convenience. B．The fare. C．The comfort. D．The efficiency.
4．What can be inferred from what Lydie Polfer said
A．The elderly needn’t use public transport.
B．It’s possible to persuade most people to use the trams.
C．Everyone can do his part to improve transport situation.
D．Those who don’t take public transport cause traffic jams.
Penn Station Shoe Repair and Shoe Shine is a small shoeshining business in New York City. On a recent weekday, customers sat down at the shoeshine business and pulled out newspapers and phones to read while their shoes got shined. The shoeshiners cleaned the footwear and added an oily substance to protect the shoes’ leather material. When it was finished, the customers paid eight dollars for the work.
Shoeshining has a long history in the United States, dating back hundreds of years. But today, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, more people work from home than in the past. And it has become popular to wear more casual work clothes. Those mean fewer customers for shoeshining businesses.
Rory Heenan is a 38-year-old accountant from Philadelphia. He said as a young boy he would take the train with his father to his office one Friday each month and watch him get a shoeshine. “And here I am, you know, 30 years later, doing the same thing. So, it’s certainly something that’s passed down over time,” he said.
At David Mesquita’s Leather Spa, which operates five shoe repair and shine businesses in the area, the repairs are the major part of its sales. But shoeshines are still an important offering to bring people in as most shoe repair businesses don’t have the service.
Before the pandemic, Leather Spa had four shoeshine chairs at its business inside New York’s Grand Central Terminal. It employed six shoeshiners. Together, they would complete about 120 shines a day. Now, there are only three shoeshiners who do 40 or 50 shines a day at most.
“Traffic is slowly coming back in, though we’re still not back 100 percent of what we were,” Mesquita said, adding that shoeshining isn’t something that will ever fully go away. “People like to treat themselves,” he said, “whether it’s once a week or twice a week or once every two weeks. It’s just nice.”
5．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The dark future of the shoeshining business.
B．Reasons for the change of people’s lifestyle.
C．The rise and fall of the shoeshining business.
D．Causes of the decline of the shoeshining business.
6．What did little Rory Heenan do regularly
A．He shined his father’s shoes personally.
B．He accompanied his father to work.
C．He recorded his shining his father’s shoes.
D．He greeted his father at the train station.
7．According to the text, Leather Spa’s shoeshining service .
A．means a great deal to its overall business
B．can be enjoyed in most shoe repair businesses
C．is more profitable than its shoe repair business
D．does expand gradually during the pandemic
8．What’s Mesquita’s attitude towards the future of shoeshining
A．Mixed. B．Hopeless. C．Optimistic. D．Worried.
There’s nothing quite like cooking over my gas stove with beautiful blue flame, so quickly adjusted and so suited to its purpose that when things run smoothly in life, we say we are “cooking with gas”.
But in recent years environmentalists have been warning that gas stoves are bad for the climate and not so great for our health, either. New studies published this year have heightened health worries about poisonous fumes (烟气) in our kitchens. Is the evidence sufficient to shift our cooking habits
The big surprise in one new study, conducted by environmental scientists at Stanford University, is the amount of unburned gas that leaks into kitchens when a stove is off. They found that more than three quarters of methane (甲烷) that escapes from a stove does so when it is not in use, most likely through imperfect pipe fittings. Second, there are the pollutants created by burning when a stove is on, most notably nitrogen oxides, which can upset the lungs.
Drew Michanowicz, a senior scientist at PSE Healthy Energy, a nonprofit research and policy group, said, “A lot of us work at home now. We take about 20, 000 breaths a day, and my stove is like 10 feel away from me. What else is in natural gas ” Michanowicz also frets that as more people weatherize their homes and close windows, they are reducing air exchange, which means indoor pollution will be worse.
Not surprisingly, the American Gas Association has criticized both studies, saying the levels of VOCs found in the Boston study are “reassuringly low”.
What is the average home cook to make of all this. They might follow Michanowicz, who bought an induction burner (电磁炉) and does much of his cooking on it. As for me, I’m making some changes. I’ve switched to an electric kettle for boiling water, and despite its annoying noise, I now use the exhaust hood (吸油烟机) over my stove-something only about 25 to 40 percent of people say they do. And weather permitting, I’ll open a window.
9．What does the author think of her using gas stove according to paragraph 1
A．It is challenging. B．It is convenient.
C．It is quite time-consuming. D．It is friendly to the environment.
10．What leads most methane to escape from a stove according to the new study
A．The inefficiently-burnt gas. B．The pollutants created by burning.
C．The improperly-placed stove. D．The poor quality of the pipe fittings.
11．What can best replace the underlined word “frets” in paragraph 4
A．worries B．promises C．denies D．wonders
12．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．The influence of Michanowicz. B．The importance of electric devices.
C．The future of induction burners. D．Changes of people’s cooking habits.
Have you ever wished you could be better organised or more sociable Perhaps you’re a constant worrier, and you’d prefer to be a little more carefree
Many surveys show that at least two-thirds of people would like to change some elements of their personality. In the past, such desires appeared to be unachievable. Like the proverbial leopard that could never change its spots, our virtues and flaws were believed to be woven into the fabric of our minds.
Recent scientific research, however, proves this expectation of personality’s permanence wrong. With the right psychological strategies and enough effort, many people can successfully shape their core personalities into what they desire.
Our genes almost certainly play a role: it’s why people’s personalities often reflect their biological parents’ ones. The influence of our social environment was thought to end in early adulthood, as the brain reached maturity. If this were true, it wouldn’t be possible to shift personality at will. Yet that is exactly what psychology professor Nathan Hudson and his colleagues have shown with a series of groundbreaking studies.
The interventions in their studies typically involve arranging regular activities that reflect the personalities people wish to adopt. A quiet person who wished to be more outgoing, for example, might have the goal of introducing themselves to a stranger once a week, or making small talk with the cashier at their local supermarket.
The aim is for the thinking patterns and behaviours they generate to become habitual. In the first trial, provided participants actually completed those arranged tasks, their personalities shifted in the desired direction. Similarly exciting results could be seen in a later trial. The differences of participants’ personalities before and after the intervention were still apparent three months after the experiment had ended. As Aristotle argued more than 2,300 years ago, we become what we repeatedly do.
The unexpected plasticity of our minds should be good news for anyone who wishes they were a bit more sociable, organised, or happy-go-lucky. Another potential benefit is that awareness of this research could help improve mental health.
13．Why is “leopard” mentioned in paragraph 2
A．To explain that our minds consist of virtues and flaws.
B．To show the similarity between leopards and human beings.
C．To prove a possibility that people can change their personality.
D．To demonstrate the previous belief that personalities remain fixed.
14．What can be inferred about the “interventions”
A．The two trials reached different conclusions. B．Activities are tailored to specific personalitites.
C．The purpose is to better people’s personalities. D．People’s personalities can be changed but can’t last.
15．What has Nathan Hudson’s team shown through their studies
A．The previous expectation of personality’s permanence was confirmed.
B．The influence of our social environment ends when the brain matures.
C．The desire to change some elements of our personality can be achieved.
D．Our genes play a greater role in our personality than social environment.
16．What is the best title for the text
A．We Are What We Do B．Habits Make Things Easier
C．Your Personality Is Not Set In Stone D．A Leopard Never Changes Its Spots
Scientists in Switzerland have used lasers (激光) to change the path of a lightning strike. The experiment was carried out on Santis mountain in Switzerland, near a radio and TV tower hit by lightning about 100 times a year. Using a special laser, the researchers were able to guide the lightning strike.
Scientists have been trying to find a way to protect buildings from lightning for a long time. At present, the best way to protect buildings from lightning is by putting metal rods (杆) on the buildings. These rods are connected to the ground. The lightning is attracted to the rods, which safely guide the electricity into the ground. But lightning rods can only protect a small area. If a building is very large, it needs a lot of lightning rods. But some buildings-such as airports-are so large that it’s difficult to protect the whole building using lightning rods.
Another idea is to use lasers to guide lightning. The idea of using lasers to guide lightning isn’1new. Scientists have been working on the idea for over 20 years. They’ve successfully guided lightning with lasers inside a laboratory. But until 2021, scientists guided lightning with lasers outside. Using a powerful laser that can fire about 1, 000 times a second, scientists in Switzerland were able to guide lightning bolts for 164 feet (50 meters).
The heat from the laser creates a path of air that is less thick than the air around it. The path also has a special charge. The lightning can follow this path almost as if it were a lightning rod. In the past, experiments with lasers that fired more slowly didn’t work.
Managing to guide the lightning in an outdoor environment is a very big step. But despite the progress, the laser still isn’t a good choice when it comes to protecting large buildings.
17．To stop a building from being stricken by lightning, it is best to .
A．equip it with metal rods B．position it away from airports
C．build it on low-lying open ground D．keep it away from any kind of metal
18．What enables the laser to guide the lightning
A．Its color. B．Its brightness. C．Its speed. D．Its concentration.
19．What will the paragraph following the text probably talk about
A．How the laser should be improved to protect large buildings.
B．When the laser will be widely used to protect large buildings.
C．Why it is unnecessary to use the laser to protect large buildings.
D．What prevents the laser from being used to protect large buildings.
20．What is the best title for the text
A．Scientists Find a New Use of the Laser
B．Scientists Guide Lightning with the Laser
C．A New Idea Has Been Tested to Guide Lightning
D．A New Way to Protect Buildings Has Been Found
We take the kids out every once in a while, but they get bored if we choose places like restaurants or shopping malls. Here are some of the best places for kids in Hyderabad.
Snow World
If you and your kids love snow, then Snow World, which you can visit between 11:00 am and 8:00 pm, is where you need to be. The best thing is that you can even enjoy the snow during summers; you can make a snowman, have snow fights with your kids, ride the ice cars or do some fun ice skating. And when you get hungry, you can grab a bite of some tasty food in the ice hotel.
The Jump Zone
Who says your kids cannot have fun when the weather gets warm in Hyderabad Drive to the Jump Zone, which allows kids aged 5 ~ 12 to play and remains open from 11:00 am to 9:30 pm, and enjoy its vast indoor play area, where there are slides, dance floors, toys to ride on, and jumping castles.
Ramoji Film City
Ramoji Film City, which remains open from 9:00 am to 8:00 pm, has everything you need for fun and entertainment in one place. Your kids will be amazed by the beautiful gardens, amazing sets for movies, and strange streets. They can also enjoy exciting rides and games there.
Nehru Zoological Park
Nehru Zoological Park, which remains open from 8:30 am to 5:00 pm, is a great place to let your kids spend quality time with different animals. In this vast park you can see over 100 species of animals in their natural habitat. Other fun activities include elephant rides, train rides, and the Dinosaur Park. It also has an excellent food court where you can sit and enjoy tasty food and drinks.
21．Which place has the longest opening hours
A．Snow World. B．The Jump Zone.
C．Ramoji Film City. D．Nehru Zoological Park.
22．What does the text say about the Jump Zone
A．It doesn’t welcome kids of all ages.
B．It is especially crowded on warm days.
C．It doesn’t have enough room for sliding.
D．It attracts kids who love playing outdoors.
23．What do Snow World and Nehru Zoological Park have in common
A．They both offer training sessions.
B．They both provide a place for dining.
C．They both are suitable for extreme sports.
D．They both offer a chance to see wild species.
You may have wondered how lavender is used for social anxiety. But first, just what is lavender Lavender, also known as English or garden lavender, is a herb native to the Mediterranean region. Historically, lavender was used to mummify bodies in Egypt, in baths in Greece and Rome, and for curing the broken skin and mental health purposes. Today, lavender is used as a traditional or complementary remedy for relaxation, to reduce anxiety, and depression, as well as for diseases such as stomach upset and headaches.
No scientific studies have specifically examined the benefits of lavender use for social anxiety disorder. In a 2000 study, Cook and Ernst reported that in general, aromatherapy (芳香疗法) is helpful in reducing anxiety and stress in the short-term. A 2012 study also showed some evidence of the usefulness of lavender taken for anxiety. More research is needed to support the use of lavender for the treatment of social anxiety disorder.
Lavender is usually used in the form of an essential oil as part of aromatherapy. The scent is inhaled, or the oil is applied to the skin, which will benefit the anxious people quickly. Dried lavender can also be used to make a tea or liquid extract. Lavender may also be taken in pill form. Lavender tea can be made by using 1 to 2 teaspoons of dried leaves for 15 minutes in a cup of boiling water. In liquid extract form, no more than 60 drops of lavender should be taken in a day. Before taking lavender in liquid form, you should read the product label and discuss the dose with a qualified health care provider.
There is not enough scientific evidence to safely recommend lavender for children younger than 18 years. Lavender taken by mouth has the potential to increase the risk of bleeding. If you suffer from a bleeding disorder or are taking medicine that may increase bleeding,use caution when taking lavender.
24．What can we know about lavender from paragraph l
A．It can help deal with mental health problems.
B．It was used to preserve dead bodies in Greece.
C．It was used to cure stomach upset and headaches.
D．It is a herb introduced into the Mediterranean region.
25．What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A．The treatment for social anxiety disorder.
B．The history of aromatherapy reducing stress.
C．The benefits of lavender used for mental disorder.
D．The researches on the use of lavender for social anxiety.
26．How is paragraph 3 developed
A．By collecting data. B．By making a list.
C．By introducing concepts. D．By making comparisons.
27．What can we learn about taking lavender from the text
A．It may worsen the bleeding.
B．It’s proved to be unsafe for kids of 14.
C．Lavender in pill form functions better than that in liquid.
D．A dose should be decided according to the product label.
From a multi-day hike following the routes of a Japanese poet, to a classic climb in the Argentinian Lake District, there are thousands of incredible trails (小路) that allow us to get up close to nature.
Appalachian Trail, United States
Extending for 2,200 miles, the Appalachian Trail is listed as the longest hiking-only footpath in the world. It runs from Springier Mountain in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine, passing through some of the most remote country in the United States. That means it’s a hard task, either for those with endless vacation allowance, or walkers looking to do a small piece of a classic route.
The Basho Wayfarer, Japan
This self-guided trip follows a route taken by the poet Matsuo Basho over 300 years ago. The six-day hike starts in Sendai and works its way through the northern Tohoku region, passing through the UNESCO World Heritage (遗产)Site of Hiraizumi and along the ancient Dewa Kaido path. With its beech and cherry forests, it finishes at the temple of Yamadera.
Mount Toubkal, Morocco
The path upwards rises from the village of Imlil, passing over a dry river bed before rising sharply through a temple and on towards a large mountain cottage. After overnight here, hikers set off up the snowfield to the peak, where the Atlas Mountains open out and the views are breathtaking. A local guide and muleteers for carrying luggage are a must.
The Dingle Way, Ireland
It is a ring-like path that offers the best way to get under the skin of wild County Kerry in Ireland’s south west. Starting in the town of Tralee, the clockwise path follows narrow roads, taking in the wide sweep of sand at Inch Strand, passing along the clifftops outside Dingle town and heading around the edge of Mount Brardon, the highest peak on the Dingle Peninsula.
28．What do we know about the Basho Wayfarer
A．It offers no guide service. B．It was built by a poet.
C．It ends in the northern Tohoku region. D．It is on the world heritage list.
29．Where can hikers enjoy a good view of snow
A．Appalachian Trail. B．The Basho Wayfarer.
C．Mount Toubkal. D．The Dingle Way.
30．What is special about the Dingle Way
A．It follows a circle path. B．It is the longest in the world.
C．It finishes at Mount Brandon. D．It reaches the highest peak in Ireland.
Here is a shortened list of books planned by TIME and TIME for Kids that are suitable for elementary schoolers. To make the list, we asked for submissions from climate and education experts. We then considered how age-appropriate the material was, and whether the tone and story line left the reader feeling engaged and empowered-rather than anxious or overwhelmed.
WE ARE WATER PROTECTORS
By Carole Lindstrom; illustrated by Michaela Goade
A tribute (致敬) to native tribes that are protecting the planet, this book metaphorically shows the harms of oil pipelines. Kids will see the value of community action, while adults will recognize the story of the Standing Rock Sioux’s fight against the Dakota Access Pipeline.
THE BOY WHO HARNESSED THE WIND
By William Kamkwamba and Bryan Mealer; illustrated by Elizabeth Zunon
The picture-book edition of this memoir recounts the author’s teenage experience building a windmill from scrap materials during an extreme drought - an inspiring tale for future clean-energy engineers.
THE LORAX
By Dr. Seuss
Thanks to its rhyme and fanciful illustrations, this classic tale is suitable for young children who can grasp the scarcity of natural resources, and also older kids who can see a danger in valuing profits over long-term environmental harm.
CLIMATE CHANGE, THE CHOICE IS OURS
By David Miles; illustrated by Albert Pinilla
Every left page defines a climate-change issue while every right page features a spin wheel, giving kids the “choice”of how we can either address the problem or worsen it.
31．Whose book will you prefer if you want to be a wind energy engineer
A．Bryan Mealer. B．David Miles. C．Michaela Goade. D．Dr. Seuss.
32．Which book guides readers to make options about enviornment protection
A．THE LORAX. B．WE ARE WATER PROTECTORS.
C．THE BOY WHO HARNESSED THE WIND． D．CLIMATE CHANGE, THE CHOICE IS OURS.
33．What do the four books have in common
A．They are intended for kids in the kindergarten.
B．The plots are mysterious and get the readers involved.
C．Their materials are edited by climate and education experts.
D．They are about environment protection and have pictures attached.
If you’re a real fitness addict, you certainly know the ultimate running challenge is to take part in a marathon. It seems every major city and town around the world hosts an annual marathon, with thousands of athletes running an exhausting 42.1 kilometres. While many runners’ motivation is to beat their personal best and cross the finishing line without collapsing, they’re also doing it for a good cause — to generate funds for charity.
But like other major events, the marathon also generates a massive carbon footprint. Thousands travel – some by plane — to the location, and waste from food packaging and goody bags gets left behind by viewers and runners.
This is becoming a big issue for cities — how to host a worthwhile event, encouraging people to exercise and help charities, while protecting the environment Several cities have developed formal plans to reduce their environmental impact and promote sustainable ideas. One event in Wales, for example, introduced recycling for old running kit. It’s something that this year’s London Marathon tried to tackle by reducing the number of drink stations on the running route, giving out water in paper cups and offering some drinks in eatable seaweed capsules. They also trialled new bottle belts made from recycled plastic, so 700 runners could carry water bottles with them during their run.
Meanwhile, some people still think running a marathon could be our best foot forward in helping the planet. Dr Andrea Collins from Cardiff University told the BBC: “Training for a marathon makes you more sustainable in day-to-day activities. I started walking or running to work every day. Being environmentally friendly while training kind of sticks with you and becomes a way of life.”
So while you may not be the top runner in a marathon, let’s hope the event, in terms of sustainability, certainly is!
34．What can we know about a marathon from paragraph 1
A．Everyone desires to join in it. B．Athletes can finish it with ease.
C．Local governments disapprove of it. D．It can contribute to charitable causes.
35．What does this year’s London Marathon mainly feature
A．Holding a sustainable event. B．Raising funds for charities.
C．Encouraging people to exercise. D．Recycling old running facilities.
36．What is Dr Andrea’s attitude to running a marathon
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Conservative.
37．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Make Marathons Greener B．How to Run Marathons Properly
C．Participate in Marathons Actively D．What Is Left Behind after Marathons
OpenAI has announced a major upgrade to the technology that reinforces ChatGPT. If you think of ChatGPT as a car, the new language model known as GPT-4 adds a more powerful engine. It opens up a new era of super-efficiency, where professionals will have to work smarter and faster – or be knocked out.
There is no better example of this than Morgan Stanley, which has been using GPT-4 since last year. The bank trained GPT-4 on thousands of papers published by its analysts to create a chatbot for its own wealth advisers. About 200 staff at the bank have been using it daily. One analytics chief said the effort would also further enrich the relationship between Morgan Stanley advisors and their clients by enabling them to assist more people more quickly. How much more quickly What used to be done in half an hour can now be done in seconds.
Powerful AI systems like GPT-4 aren’t going to replace large numbers of professional workers. But they will put them under greater pressure to be more productive and faster at what they do. That is what partly happened to professional translators and interpreters. As artificial intelligence tools like Google Translate and DeepL grew in popularity among business customers, many translators feared they would be replaced. Instead, they were expected to increase their output.
AI will also raise the bar on the human’s performance. With the extra help, people have no excuses to leave anything out. Much of this is typical of the march of technology. Smart phones allowed us to be connected to work at all times. Slack allowed us to communicate with more people inside a company. But such tools also kept us further chained to work, squeezing (压榨) out minutes in the day that workers might have used in the past for deep-thinking or just taking a breather.
GPT-4 clearly has the potential to squeeze more value out of human workers, but it may well come at the cost of our mental energy. However brilliant these models become, watch out for how they might take you a tiny step closer to burnout.
38．What do the underlined words “a major upgrade” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．ChatGPT. B．GPT-4. C．A new engine. D．OpenAI.
39．What is a consequence of GPT-4’s introduction in Morgan Stanley
A．More staff have been laid off.
B．Advisers can have more free time.
C．The staff are pushed to work harder.
D．More papers will be published by analysts.
40．Why does the author mention smart phones and Slack in paragraph 4
A．To stress the rapid development of technology.
B．To explain why AI is universally used.
C．To promote several online working platforms.
D．To show side effects of technological advances.
41．What is the main idea of the passage
A．ChatGPT has a bright future in various fields.
B．Powerful AI systems are going to replace workers.
C．A new technology has been launched to improve productivity.
D．GPT-4 could turn the workplace into a productive but crazy place.
Many animals depend upon sound to find food or communicate with one another. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. Scientists have long documented the ecological damage caused by noise pollution. It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi, a botanist in Tehran, has revealed that plants fell victim to it too.
Working with a team of colleagues, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi grew two species in his lab that are commonly found in urban environments. The plants were grown from seed and allowed to mature for two months in the same space before they were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway in Tehran for 16 hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. After 15 days had passed, samples were taken from the youngest fully expanded leaves on every plant in the experiment and studied.
Analysis of their leaves revealed that the chemicals which are indicators of stress in plants were found at much higher levels in the species exposed to the traffic noise. The team also found that certain chemicals normally associated with healthy growth in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. Even the weight of the freshly-cut leaves differed — leaves from plants exposed to noise consistently weighed less than those from plants grown in silence.
Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi’s findings make it clear that, though plants lack ears, the vibrations (震动) generated by the noise of traffic still bothers them enough to cause strong stress responses that are not much different to those that would be found in plants exposed to extreme conditions.
The next question is whether all noise pollution affects all species in the same way. The natural world is by no means silent. Whether some plant species have evolved to adapt to the noisy environment, which might one day be collected and transplanted in urban areas, is a mystery worth exploring.
42．What does the author stress in paragraph 1
A．The influence of noise on plants. B．Effects motorways have on animals.
C．The importance of sound for animals. D．Problems plants have surviving in nature.
43．How did Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi conduct the experiment
A．By choosing two rare plant species. B．By collecting samples from old leaves.
C．By making plants grow along motorways. D．By studying plants grown in different conditions.
44．What can we know from Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi’s experiment
A．Plants exposed to noise were less stressful.
B．Changes of chemicals in leaves were unclear.
C．Leaves of plants grown in silence weighed more.
D．Plants grew more slowly when grown in silence.
45．What might researchers do in the future
A．To improve the adapting ability of plants. B．To develop new species with high survival rate.
C．To set more restrictions on urban traffic noise. D．To find plants suitable for noisy urban areas.
Top Chef
Lasting for 18 Seasons; Broadcast by Peacock
Top Chef is a reality competitive cooking show focused on finding America’s best chefs and setting them against one another. The chefs face off in a series of challenges that end in one or more contestants getting knocked out at the end of each episode until only one winner remains at the end of the season.
American Barbecue Showdown
Lasting for 1 Season; Broadcast by Netflix
Instead of making food in the kitchen, this Netflix original series takes the fierce competition to barbecue country. American Barbecue Showdown takes place in a massive house where contestants compete over the grill (烧烤架) to make deliciously grilled meats, vegetables, and more.
Guy’s Grocery Games
Lasting for 28 Seasons; Broadcast by Hulu
Guy’s Grocery Games is a more relaxing, down-to-earth version of Chopped. Hosted by one of our favorite celebrity chefs, Guy Fieri, each episode takes place in an actual grocery store. It’s a fairly lighthearted show in which chefs from all over the U.S. compete in a series of challenges focused on making high-end dishes only with ingredients (原料) you can buy in any average grocery store.
The Great British Bake Off
Lasting for 5 Seasons; Broadcast by Netflix
The Great British Baking Show is one of the most relaxing food competitions you’ll ever see.
Each season focuses on a group of amateur bakers from the U.K. competing in a series of challenges each week to find out who is the best.
46．If you are interested in making high-quality food with common materials, which of the following might you choose
A．Top Chef. B．American Barbecue Showdown.
C．Guy’s Grocery Games. D．The Great British Bake Off.
47．What do American Barbecue Showdown and The Great British Bake Off have in common
A．They last for the same seasons.
B．They take place in the same country.
C．They share the same way of cooking.
D．They are broadcast on the same platform.
48．What is the text intended to do
A．To provide practical cooking tips.
B．To introduce several cooking shows.
C．To advertise for cooking competitions.
D．To recommend top-class chefs from US.
A school science project by a group of students in Canada has led to an important discovery: EpiPens might cease to function normally in space.
EpiPens,the auto-injectors (注射器) that deliver life-saving medicine called epinephrine, help with severe allergic(过敏) reactions. The epinephrine opens up airways, maintains heat function and blood pressure and calms the allergic reaction so the person can breathe.
The students working on Program for Gifted Learners (PGL), were curious about how radiation in space would affect the molecular( 分 子 )structure of epinephrine. As part of a NASA initiative called “Cubes in Space,” which launches science experiments students come up with, they sent two cubes with samples of both pure epinephrine and EpiPen solution into space. one on a rocket and the other on a balloon. With the cubes too small to hold an entire EpiPen the students had consulted with Paul Mayer, a chemist at University of Ottawa and eventually figured out a way to get the EpiPen solution into a specially-made bottle.
The samples were analyzed in a lab before and after returning to Earth. The team found the pure epinephrine samples only returned 87 percent pure — the other 13 percent had turned into poisonous chemicals. And no epinephrine was found in the EpiPen solution samples.
Mayer was skeptical at first that the samples would show any signs of decomposition, but he was blown away by the “dramatic” results. “It’s brilliant,” he tells Global News. “The first part of doing science is asking the right questions, and they asked a fantastic question.”
The students’ findings could have real-world implications for space travel and astronauts’ safety. Excited to have made such a groundbreaking discovery, the students plan to do the experiment again to check their results. They’re also working on designing a capsule to protect the EpiPen solution in space.
“You feel like you’re making a real change,” says student Benjamin Sum, who wants to build rockets when he grows up.“It feels like it’s just adults. But kids can actually be involved.”
49．What can EpiPens do for human allergic reaction
A．Cure it for good. B．Detect its early signs.
C．Stimulate it in time. D．Relieve it temporarily.
50．Why were the samples of pure epinephrine and EpiPen solution launched into space
A．To break down the epinephrine.
B．To test epinephrine’s effectiveness.
C．To integrate innovation into clinical study.
D．To confirm they can stand space environments.
51．What quality of the students impresses Mayer most
A．Their spirit of commitment. B．Their unity and teamwork.
C．Their spirit of scientific inquiry. D．Their sincerity and integrity.
52．What can be the best title for the text
A．Kids Find out EpiPens May Not Work in Space
B．PGL: A Program Devoted to Astronomy Research
C．Scientists Team up with Pupils for Space Exploration
D．EpiPens: An Advanced Device Applied to Save Lives
If you visited a big aquarium such as SeaWorld or the Miami Seaquarium a decade ago. Performances by tiger whales we probably a centerpiece of the visiting experience However, animal advocates have pushed to end the harmful practice of keeping these enormous whales locked up in small pools and forcing them to perform for audiences. Now the good news is emerging from this continuing movement Lolita, one tiger whale living in the Miami Seaquarium, may soon be relased to the Salish Sea where her mother lives.
Lolita’s possible homecoming is a longtime coming. The enormous animal was caught in 1970 in the Salish Sea, a body of water off the coast of Washington, which his home to tiger whales. Until now she has spent the past 52 years in captivity in Miami. Her tank is considered the smallest among those of captive whales in America. She has been forced to perform for crowds for decades. This has resulted in injuries. She has hit her head while performing “fast swims”, and her blood work has been abnormal.
Whales in captivity can suffer severe health issues. Lolita outlived her tank-mate Hugo, who died of aneurism (动脉瘤) caused by hitting his head on the aquarium walls. “Lolita’s lucky,” said Howard Garrett, a whale researcher and activist. “It’s against all odds that she is still alive. I think is her mental health that keeps her physical health in good shape. She is a complete miracle in her ability to stay healthy.”
According to the United States, Department of Agriculture, Lolita may not be getting enough food and water. This only adds to the list of health concerns which can appear in captivity. Activists who have been pushing for decades may at last see Lolita return to the Salish Sea, where her mother, a 93-year old tiger whale known as “Ocean Sun”, leads a pod. Returning these magnificent creatures to their natural habitat is a humane solution advocated for by the likes of the International Marine Mammal Project.
53．Which of the following best describes Lolita
A．She got many injuries while performing for audiences over 50 years.
B．Her blood works well though she suffers severe health problems.
C．She was caught on the beach in Miami as a result of her injuries.
D．She was switched to a bigger tank because of her mate’s attack.
54．Why is Lolita in good physical health according to Howard Garrett
A．Her mental state is sound.
B．Hugo influenced her positively.
C．She gets timely medical treatment.
D．Whale researchers offer necessary aids.
55．What can we know from the last paragraph
A．Activists have succeeded in accomplishing the project.
B．Lolita will definitely fit in with the pod led by her mother.
C．Joint efforts are being made to release creatures like Lolita.
D．There’s little hope for Lolita to return to her natural habitat.
56．What is the best title of the passage
A．Lolita, the Last Tiger Whale in the World
B．Lolita, Released to the Salish Sea
C．Animals in Capacity Are Suffering a Lot
D．Lolita May Soon Go Free from Captivity
“I know when to go out, and when to stay in.”, English rock star David Bowie once confidently sang in his hit single. When it comes to consuming food, the decisiveness claimed by the singer-songwriter is hard to achieve. I disagree with the statement and argue it’s better to eat out than to order home delivery.
To begin with, when setting foot in a restaurant, we’re immediately greeted not only by a server ready to seat us, but by a flood of physical feelings—the eyes take in the internal decoration of the place, the nose breathes in the pleasant smell of expertly plated food and the ears pick up on competing sounds of customer chatter and attractive in-store music. To eat out is to experience an atmosphere unique to each restaurant. Something as special as that simply can’t be reproduced by ordering home delivery. Eating out is, without doubt, the more exciting and thus better choice.
Eating out becomes even more appealing when staying home proves too painful. Whether it is because we need a temporary fight from our family or that we simply want to spend some quality time outside with loved ones, going out for a meal can be a break from the hard labour of domestic living.
We could take it as an opportunity for self-care—to treat ourselves by dressing up, arriving in style at a fancy restaurant and ordering a slightly more luxurious meal to refresh our weary soul. Ordering home delivery would only contribute to feelings of being penned in while; eating out is an escape for the trapped individual. Food delivery app users reason it’s a trouble and less convenient to dress up and eat out.
However, it’s worth noting we may not always get our food in the most satisfactory condition when opting for home delivery. There’s a risk of receiving food orders with missing items or even entirely wrong orders that can’t be sent back. What we sacrifice for convenience might just wind up being inconvenient. Consequently, it makes more sense to eat out rather than risk disappointment by ordering home delivery.
57．What does the author mainly talk about
A．Dining options. B．Cuisine culture.
C．Consumption level. D．Food categories.
58．What advantage of eating out is highlighted in paragraph 2
A．Quality service. B．Comfort and convenience.
C．Sensory enjoyment. D．A reasonable mix of nutrition.
59．What does the author think of ordering home delivery
A．It’s quite pricy. B．It may let consumers down.
C．It may cause food waste. D．It’s not environmental-friendly.
60．How is the text developed
A．By providing examples. B．By following space order.
C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing mental processes.
Timothy was exhausted for he worked extended hours. Although earning a low wage and handling ill-mannered customers, he always put serving those who sat are his tables well on the front burner of his mind He went about his daily duties carefully, putting on a smiling face as customers complained about the food or questioned the bill.
Usually as night deepen preparing to close the business, he would notice a couple of customers walk in, sit down and order drinks. Most of the crew had left by closing time, but Timothy stayed to serve. Eventually, the last round was ordered and be gave them the bill. The minimum tip was suggested on the receipt. “Tomorrow will be better,” he murmured.
But luck wouldn’t always smile on him. Evening approaching, a group of teenagers stepped in. Thankfully, they were polite and respectful. Their cheerful behavior began to affect him. As always, he did his best to make their dining experience a pleasant one.
Time dragged on and they finished their drinks. He placed the bill on the table, accompanied with some candies. The group placed their notes on the receipt and left smiling. When he returned to clear the table, he was astonished. A tip of $3 was sitting there, staring at him, but their total bill amounted to $100. He’d gone above and beyond to serve them. How could they be so rude
Later that week, he battled to brush off the awkward memories. He arrived at work and expected it to be like any other day, but there was something left on the desk for him, a two-page handwritten letter from the teenagers with $18 attached, in which they explained they were unaware of how to tip appropriately due to it being their first time in this bar. Everything suddenly made sense.
Timothy thumbed up what they did with a big grin and he was so moved by their gesture that he uploaded a picture of the letter sharing their admirable efforts. The reaction was more than positive.
61．What did Timothy focus on in his job
A．Getting more tips. B．Working longer hours
C．Providing better service. D．Being a nicer colleague.
62．What made the teenagers leave a tip of $3
A．Dissatisfaction with the drinks. B．Ignorance of the tipping culture.
C．Gratefulness to Timothy. D．Misunderstanding of the bill.
63．Which of the following best describes Timothy
A．Patient and humorous. B．Positive and devoted.
C．Generous and tolerant. D．Ambitious and creative.
64．What can we learn from the teenagers
A．One good turn deserves another. B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Apologies make for harmony. D．It’s good to make things right.
What defines us If pressed, I would answer that if there is any part of me that sits at my core, then surely it must be my moral center, my deep-seated sense of right and wrong.
And I often feel that I’m a slightly different person in each language I speak — more determined in English, more relaxed in French, and more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral guidelines also point in somewhat different directions depending on the language I’m using
In a research led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “train problem”: Imagine that a train is charging at five people standing on the track, unable to move. The only way to stop the train and spare the five people is push another stranger off a footbridge into its path. Costa and his colleagues found that posing the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as foreign tongue dramatically increased their willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% respondents using their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.
In another research conducted by Janet Greipel, volunteers read acts that many people find immoral, such as stories where someone cooked and ate his dog after it had been Keadby car. Those who read the stories in a foreign language perceived these actions less wrong than those who read them in their native tongue.
The difference in this judgment comes down to two separate and competing thinking patterns — one of these, a quick and direct feeling, and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the largest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more deliberate mode simply because the effort of operating in our no-native language activates our cognitive system. This is similar to findings that reading math problems in a hard-to-read typeface (字体) makes people less likely to make careless mistakes.
65．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs
A．He invests time in studying language. B．He perceives languages differ slightly.
C．He ignores the role of moral concepts. D．He thinks languages relate to morals.
66．How did the author prove his viewpoint
A．By carefully citing examples. B．By collecting and listing data.
C．By conducting experiments. D．By analyzing people’s habits.
67．Why are “math problems” mentioned
A．To justify a thinking pattern. B．To present a new finding.
C．To clarify the cognitive system. D．To warn against making mistakes.
68．What’s a suitable title for the passage
A．Morality. The Core of People B．Languages: Insights into Judgments
C．Languages: A Shaping Power to Morality D．Morality: A New Way to Learn Languages
We all know eating ultra-processed foods that make our lives easier — such as sauces, and frozen pizza — isn’t good for our health. Studies have found they can raise our risk of obesity, heart problems, diabetes and cancer. They may even shorten our lives. Now, a new study has revealed eating more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the brain executive functioning — the ability to process information and make decisions.
“While in need of further study, the new results are quite compelling and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases,“ said Tanzi, professor at Harvard Medical School. He was not involved in the study but he said in his book, “They, are, very high in sugar, salt and fat, promoting systemic inflammation, perhaps the most major threat to healthy aging. Meanwhile, since they are convenient and quick, they also replace fiber foods important for maintaining the health and balance of bacteria in your gut,” he added, “which is particularly important for brain health and reducing risk of age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’
The study, presented at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference, followed over 10,000 Brazilians for 10 years. “In Brazil, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of total calorie intake. We have McDonald’s and Burger King. It is not very different from many other Western countries,” said coauthor Dr. Suemoto. Ultra-processed foods are defined as ”industrial formulations of food substances containing little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings and other chemical additives“ according to the study.
“People consuming over 20% of daily calories from processed foods had a 28% faster decline in global cognition and a 25% faster decline in executive functioning compared to people who not,” said study coauthor Natalia. Those in the study who ate the most ultra-processed foods ware “more likely to be younger, women, White, had higher education and incomes, and were more likely to have never smoked,” the study found.
“People need to know they should cook more,” Suemoto said. “And it’s worth it because you’re going to protect your heart and guard your brain,” she added.
69．What does the underlined word “compelling” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Convincing. B．Surprising. C．Suspicious. D．Invaluable.
70．What do we know from the passage
A．Whoever never cooks is sure to develop Alzheimer.
B．Ultra-processed foods only affect your executive function.
C．Tanzi is the first to find the problem with Ultra-processed foods.
D．Brazilians’calorie intake is not different from most westerners.
71．Who is likely to eat more ultra-processed foods
A．An old beggar. B．A heavy smoker. C．A young professor. D．A low-income man.
72．What’s the main idea of this passage
A．Ultra-processed foods can harm your health.
B．Fiber foods can reduce the risk of Alzheimer.
C．Fiber foods may maintain the balance of bacteria.
D．Ultra-processed foods will lead to cognitive decline.
The most innovative libraries around the world
Some libraries use unique architecture to encourage visitors to explore the shelves and settle down with a new book, or use roving libraries to bring books to hard-to-reach populations. No matter how they achieve it, these novel libraries are keeping the magic of reading alive.
Beach Library (Albena, Bulgaria)
Reading a book on the beach is a classic, and in Bulgaria, one library encourages tourist to do just that. The white, weather resistant shelves lined up not far from the surf feature 6,000 books in 15 languages so every visitor can find the perfect read to enjoy while bathed in the sunshine.
The Camel Library Service (North Eastern Province, Kenya)
To fight low literacy rates in the desert of Kenya, the government created a movable library composed of nine camels bringing books to villages. The library travels four days a week serving the region. Currently the service focuses on children, but with more funding they plan to increase their reach both in distance and the titles they carry.
Seikei University Library (Tokyo, Japan)
Libraries are usually known for their quiet atmosphere, but this one encourages conversation. The library was designed with space-age, free-standing sound proofed pods (吊舱) to respect those who need uninterrupted study, while also being beneficial to other methods of learning; they serve as perfect spots for study groups and lively discussions.
Macquarie University Library (Sydney, Australia)
A surprising combination of cutting-edge and sustainable, this building, featuring a green roof, was made from recycled and designed to imitate the look of a eucalyptus tree. It is also state of the art, using robots to bring requested books to the front desk.
73．Who is more likely to visit the Camel Library
A．The government officials. B．Kids in the desert of Kenya
C．The local villagers in the region. D．Fundraisers of this service.
74．What makes Seikei University Library different from other libraries
A．Its quiet reading atmosphere. B．Its unique design of space-age.
C．Its freedom of lively discussions. D．Its weather resistant shelves.
75．Which library is a good example of going green
A．Beach Library. B．The Camel Library Service
C．Seikei University Library. D．Macquarie University Library
参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。明年，卢森堡将成为世界上唯一一个对所有形式的公共交通免收车费的国家。文章解释了这一举措背后的原因以及意义。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“For him, the city’s trams are more than just transport. More even than the focus of his job. They are about transforming his country and, perhaps, changing the world.(对他来说，这座城市的有轨电车不仅仅是交通工具。甚至超过了他工作的重心。它们改变他的国家，也许改变世界)”可知，Marck认为城市的有轨电车不仅仅是交通工具，也带来了超越交通的更多地改变。故选C。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Luxembourg’s traffic problems come from its army of workers. The population of the capital city almost doubles during the working day, when more than 110,000 people travel in and out.( 卢森堡的交通问题来自于它的工人大军。首都的人口在工作日几乎翻倍，每天有超过11万人进出)”可知，第二段主要讲了交通问题的原因。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“I think that making it free will be the biggest arguments for people to use public transport.(我认为免费使用它将是人们使用公共交通工具的最大理由。)”可知，人们在使用公共交通工具时最关心的是车费。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段Lydie Polfer 说的“But everyone has to be aware that he or she can do something to improve the situation. There is an expression in German — you are not in the traffic jam — you are the traffic jam, and that is true.(但每个人都必须意识到，他或她可以做些什么来改善这种情况。德语中有句话——你不在交通堵塞中——你就是交通堵塞，这是真的)”可推知，Lydie Polfer 认为每个人都可以尽自己的一份力量来改善交通状况。故选C。
5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在美国擦鞋拥有悠久的历史，由于疫情原因，擦鞋业也受到了影响。
5．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段内容“Shoeshining has a long history in the United States, dating back hundreds of years. But today, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, more people work from home than in the past. And it has become popular to wear more casual work clothes. Those mean fewer customers for shoeshining businesses.(擦鞋在美国有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到几百年前。但如今，由于COVID-19疫情，比过去更多的人在家工作。穿休闲装也变得越来越流行。这意味着擦鞋业务的客户减少了。)”可知，虽然擦鞋业在美国有着悠久的历史，但如今因为疫情，擦鞋的客户减少了。由此推断，本段主要讲述了擦鞋业如今衰落的原因。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Rory Heenan is a 38-year-old accountant from Philadelphia. He said as a young boy he would take the train with his father to his office one Friday each month and watch him get a shoeshine.(Rory Heenan是一名来自费城的38岁会计师。他说，当他还是个小男孩的时候，每个月的一个星期五，他都会和父亲一起乘火车去他的办公室，看着他擦鞋。)”可知，Rory Heenan经常陪他爸爸一起去工作。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“At David Mesquita’s Leather Spa, which operates five shoe repair and shine businesses in the area, the repairs are the major part of its sales. But shoeshines are still an important offering to bring people in as most shoe repair businesses don’t have the service.(David Mesquita的Leather Spa在该地区经营着五家修鞋和擦鞋业务，修鞋是其销售的主要部分。但擦鞋仍然是吸引顾客的一项重要服务，因为大多数鞋店都没有这项服务。)”可知，擦鞋业务是Leather Spa业务中非常重要的服务，所以擦鞋业务对其整体业务意义重大。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Traffic is slowly coming back in, though we’re still not back 100 percent of what we were,” Mesquita said, adding that shoeshining isn’t something that will ever fully go away. “People like to treat themselves,” he said, “whether it’s once a week or twice a week or once every two weeks. It’s just nice.”(Mesquita说：“客流量正在慢慢恢复，尽管我们还没有恢复到以前的100%。”他补充说，擦鞋工作永远不会完全消失。“人们喜欢犒劳自己，”他说，“无论是一周一次、一周两次还是每两周一次。都是不错的。”)”可知，Mesquita对擦鞋业的未来还是抱有乐观的态度。故选C。
9．B 10．D 11．A 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近年来的研究发现表明，煤气灶的使用不仅对气候有害，对我们的健康也没有什么好处。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“There’s nothing quite like cooking over my gas stove with beautiful blue flame, so quickly adjusted and so suited to its purpose that when things run smoothly in life, we say we are “cooking with gas”.(没有什么比在我的煤气炉上用美丽的蓝色火焰做饭更美妙的了，它调整得如此之快，如此适合它的目的，以至于当生活中一切顺利时，我们说我们在“用煤气做饭”。)”可判断，作者认为用煤气炉做饭是非常便利的。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They found that more than three quarters of methane (甲烷) that escapes from a stove does so when it is not in use, most likely through imperfect pipe fittings.(他们发现，超过四分之三的甲烷是在炉子不用的时候逸出的，很可能是通过不完美的管道配件逸出的。)”可知，大多甲烷气体是通过不完美的管道配件逸出的。故选D。
11．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“that as more people weatherize their homes and close windows, they are reducing air exchange, which means indoor pollution will be worse.(随着越来越多的人对房屋进行防寒改造，关闭窗户，他们减少了空气交换，这意味着室内污染会更严重。)”可知，划线单词后的内容是让人担心的问题。选项A“worries (担忧)”；选项B“promises (承诺)”；选项C“denies (否认)”；选项D“wonders (想知道)”。故选A。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“What is the average home cook to make of all this. They might follow Michanowicz, who bought an induction burner (电磁炉) and does much of his cooking on it. As for me, I’m making some changes. I’ve switched to an electric kettle for boiling water, and despite its annoying noise, I now use the exhaust hood (吸油烟机) over my stove-something only about 25 to 40 percent of people say they do. And weather permitting, I’ll open a window.(一般的家庭厨师是怎么处理这一切的？他们可能会效仿Michanowicz，他买了一个电磁炉，并在上面做饭。至于我，我正在做一些改变。我已经改用电热水壶烧水了，尽管它的噪音很烦人，但我现在会在炉子上使用排气罩——只有大约25%到40%的人说他们这样做。天气允许的话，我会打开窗户。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述的是人们烹饪习惯的变化。故选D。
13．D 14．B 15．C 16．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及发现和意义：对于那些希望自己更善于交际、更有条理或更随遇而安的人来说，我们大脑意想不到的可塑性应该是个好消息。另一个潜在的好处是，意识到这项研究可以帮助改善心理健康。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“Many surveys show that at least two-thirds of people would like to change some elements of their personality. In the past, such desires appeared to be unachievable. Like the proverbial leopard that could never change its spots, our virtues and flaws were believed to be woven into the fabric of our minds.(许多调查显示，至少三分之二的人想要改变他们性格中的某些元素。在过去，这样的愿望似乎是无法实现的。就像谚语所说的“江山易改本性难移”一样，我们的优点和缺点被认为是编织在我们的思想结构中)”可推知，在第二段提到了“豹”是为了证明先前的观点，即人格是固定的。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段“The interventions in their studies typically involve arranging regular activities that reflect the personalities people wish to adopt. A quiet person who wished to be more outgoing, for example, might have the goal of introducing themselves to a stranger once a week, or making small talk with the cashier at their local supermarket.(在他们的研究中，干预通常包括安排反映人们希望采用的个性的定期活动。例如，一个安静的人希望变得更外向，他的目标可能是每周向陌生人介绍自己一次，或者在当地超市与收银员闲聊一次)”可推知，活动是为特定的个性量身定制的。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In the first trial, provided participants actually completed those arranged tasks, their personalities shifted in the desired direction. Similarly exciting results could be seen in a later trial. The differences of participants’ personalities before and after the intervention were still apparent three months after the experiment had ended. As Aristotle argued more than 2,300 years ago, we become what we repeatedly do.(在第一次试验中，如果参与者确实完成了这些安排好的任务，他们的性格就会朝着预期的方向转变。在随后的试验中也可以看到同样令人兴奋的结果。实验结束三个月后，参与者在干预前后的性格差异仍然很明显。正如亚里士多德在2300多年前所说的那样，我们反复做什么，我们就会成为什么)”可知，内森·哈德森的团队通过他们的研究表明了改变我们个性的某些元素的愿望是可以实现的。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Recent scientific research, however, proves this expectation of personality’s permanence wrong. With the right psychological strategies and enough effort, many people can successfully shape their core personalities into what they desire.(然而，最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子)”可知，文章主要介绍了最近的科学研究证明，这种对人格持久性的期望是错误的。通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，许多人可以成功地将他们的核心个性塑造成他们想要的样子，C选项“你的性格不是一成不变的”最符合文章标题。故选C。
17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑞士科学家利用激光改变了雷击的路径。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Scientists have been trying to find a way to protect buildings from lightning for a long time. At present, the best way to protect buildings from lightning is by putting metal rods (杆) on the buildings. (长期以来，科学家们一直在努力寻找一种保护建筑物免受雷击的方法。目前，保护建筑物免受雷击的最好方法是在建筑物上放置金属棒。)”可知，目前保护建筑物免受雷击的最好方法是在建筑物上放置金属棒。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But until 2021, scientists guided lightning with lasers outside. Using a powerful laser that can fire about 1, 000 times a second, scientists in Switzerland were able to guide lightning bolts for 164 feet (50 meters). (但直到2021年，科学家们都在室外用激光引导闪电。瑞士的科学家们利用一种每秒发射约1000次的强大激光，能够引导164英尺(50米)的闪电。)”可知，激光之所以能够用来引导闪电是因为激光的速度。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But despite the progress, the laser still isn’t a good choice when it comes to protecting large buildings.(但是，尽管取得了进展，激光在保护大型建筑物方面仍然不是一个好的选择。)”可推断，文章接下来会解释为什么激光不被用于保护大型建筑。故选D。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Scientists in Switzerland have used lasers (激光) to change the path of a lightning strike. The experiment was carried out on Santis mountain in Switzerland, near a radio and TV tower hit by lightning about 100 times a year. Using a special laser, the researchers were able to guide the lightning strike. (瑞士科学家利用激光改变了雷击的路径。这项实验是在瑞士的桑蒂斯山上进行的，那里靠近一座每年被闪电击中约100次的广播电视塔。使用一种特殊的激光，研究人员能够引导雷击。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了瑞士科学家利用激光引导雷击。所以“Scientists Guide Lightning with the Laser (科学家用激光引导闪电)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
21．C 22．A 23．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了海得拉巴一些最适合孩子们的地方。
21．细节理解题。根据Snow World中的“If you and your kids love snow, then Snow World, which you can visit between 11:00 am and 8:00 pm, is where you need to be. (如果你和你的孩子喜欢雪，那么你可以在上午11点到晚上8点之间参观雪世界，这是你需要去的地方。)”、The Jump Zone中的“Drive to the Jump Zone, which allows kids aged 5 ~ 12 to play and remains open from 11:00 am to 9:30 pm, (开车到蹦客地带，允许5 ~ 12岁的孩子玩耍，开放时间为上午11点至晚上9点30分，)”、Ramoji Film City中的“Ramoji Film City, which remains open from 9:00 am to 8:00 pm, has everything you need for fun and entertainment in one place. (拉莫吉电影城的开放时间是早上9点到晚上8点，在一个地方有你需要的一切乐趣和娱乐。)”和Nehru Zoological Park中的“Nehru Zoological Park, which remains open from 8:30 am to 5:00 pm, is a great place to let your kids spend quality time with different animals. (尼