初中英语牛津译林版 九年级上册 Unit 4 Growing up Period 3 Grammar(共42张PPT)

(共42张PPT)
Period 3 Grammar
Unit 4 Growing up
课文呈现
Grammar
A. Using before, after, when and while
We use the conjunctions before, after, when and while to introduce time clauses. They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of sentences.
TIP
Before and after can also be used as prepositions of time.
before 9 a.m.
课文呈现
Before means earlier than a certain time. before
He remained there for about a year before the NBA took notice of him.
After means later than a certain time.
After he graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league.
When means at or during a certain time.
When he finally got the chance, he scored 20 points in his first game.
课文呈现
While means during a certain time.
While (he was) attending junior high, Spud tried out for the school team.
One of David’s days
David is writing in his diary about one of his days. Help him combine his sentences using before, after, when or while.
课文呈现
1. I go jogging every morning. Then I have breakfast.
__________________________________________________
2. I practised playing basketball for hours. I felt tired out.
__________________________________________________
3. I met Peter. I was waiting at the bus stop.
__________________________________________________
I have breakfast after I go jogging every morning.
I felt tired out after I practised playing basketball for hours.
I met Peter while I was waiting at the bus stop.
课文呈现
4. I was watching TV. I received a call from my uncle.
__________________________________________________
5. I was ready to go to bed. My father came back from work.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
I was watching TV when I received a call from my uncle.
I was ready to go to bed before my father came back from work.
课文呈现
B. Using since, till and until
TIP
Since, till and until can also be used as prepositions of time.
since 2006
till/until today
课文呈现
We also use the conjunctions since, till and until to introduce time clauses.
Since means from a certain time. The verb in the main clause is often used in the present perfect tense.
You’ve been happy since I first met you.
Till and until both mean up to a certain time, but till is more informal than until.
课文呈现
Spud remained in another basketball league for about a year till/until the NBA took notice of him.
When we use verbs like go, leave, arrive, etc, in the main clauses, we should use the structure
not...till/until.
Do not wake me up until you finish your work.
David loves basketball
课文呈现
Here are more sentences from David’s diary entry. Complete his sentences with since, till or until.
1. I have been crazy about playing basketball ________ I was a little boy.
2. The weather has been awful this week. The rain did not stop ________ yesterday evening, so we could not practise basketball for several days.
since
until/till
课文呈现
3. We played basketball in the playground this afternoon ________ it was getting dark.
4. It is the first time we have played basketball ________ Monday. We enjoyed ourselves very much.
5. I waited for 20 minutes at the bus stop ________ the bus arrived.
6. It is Friday evening. I will not go to bed ________ I finish watching my favourite TV programme.
till/until
since
till/until
until/till
It is the first time + that从句“这是……第一次……”从句通常用现在完成时，且that 在口语中常省略。
课文呈现
C. Using as soon as and whenever
The conjunctions as soon as and whenever can also introduce time clauses.
As soon as means when something happens, or a short time after something has happened.
It began to rain as soon as I left the house.
Whenever means at any time.I can read books whenever I want to.
TIP
We can use every time to replace whenever.
课文呈现
More about basketball
C1. Simon is writing about David’s love for basketball. Help Simon complete his sentences with as soon as or whenever.
1. David often goes to play basketball ___________ school is over.
2. He watches the NBA ___________ there is a game on TV.
3. ___________ he talks about basketball, he gets excited.
4. ___________ he learnt that the NBA players would come to China, he tried his best to get a ticket.
as soon as
whenever
Whenever
As soon as
课文呈现
C2. David is writing about Yao Ming, his favourite basketball star. Help him complete his article with the correct conjunctions you have learnt in this unit.
Yao Ming was born in Shanghai in 1980. He got his first basketball(1)___________ he was only four years old, but he did not become serious about basketball(2) ___________ he was 12.
when
until
课文呈现
Yao joined the Houston Rockets in 2002 and became the best Chinese player to ever play in the NBA. (3) ___________ he went to the USA, he knew little English, but he quickly learnt the language. The best moment in his career was in 2004—he scored 41 points in a game against the Atlanta Hawks. ①
温馨提示：此符号表示“考点精讲点拨”链接。
Before
课文呈现
When Yao Ming was living in the USA, he returned to China (4) ___________ he was needed. He took part in the Olympics in 2004 and in 2008 as one of the Chinese athletes. (5) __________ he ended his basketball career, Yao has done more charity work, especially for poor Chinese teenagers.
whenever
After
①The best moment in his career was in 2004 —he scored 41 points in a game against the Atlanta Hawks.
against / 'ɡenst; 'ɡe nst/ prep. 对抗；与……相反；违反
考点
against 作介词，其后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。常与以下动词连用，如：fight, struggle, protest, argue, guard 等。
against 的一词多义：反对，用strongly 修饰，
反义词为for 意为“支持”紧靠
e.g. At last, Lupe was in the final to play against a girl in a baseball cap.
最后，卢佩在决赛中与一个戴棒球帽的女孩比赛。
Are you for or against the plan
你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢？
The teacher’s desk is against the wall.
老师的办公桌紧靠着墙。
考题：There are so many things ______ your will. However, you have no excuse to give up.
A. through B. towards C. outside D. against
D
【点拨】本题用句意理解法。through 通过；towards 朝，向；outside 在外面；against 反对，违背。根据后句句意“然而，你没有理由放弃。”可知，前句应是“有那么多违背你意愿的事情”。
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时间状语从句的引导词
before、after、 when 和while 引导的时间状语从句 before: “在……之前”, 表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。①
after: “在……之后”, 表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。用法上要注意时态。②
when: “当……时”, 表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生或从句动作发生在主句动作之前。③
while: “当……时; 在……期间”, 用来表示某事发生时的较长的时间“背景”。从句通常要用进行时, 如果主句和从句中的动作是两个同时进行的长时间动作或事件, 那么主句也要用进行时。④
考点1
1 e.g. Before they returned to the earth, they faced one last test—returning home safely.
在他们返回地球之前，他们面临着最后的考验——安全返回家。
Don’t close the windows before you go to bed.
你睡觉之前不要关窗户。
考题1：[温州] Little Mary says good night to her parents _______ she goes to bed every day.
A. if B. until
C. before D. unless
C
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2 e.g. They got married after she finished her study.
她完成学业后，他们结婚了。
After Du went to college in 2017, he had enough time to take the hobby seriously.
2017 年上大学后，杜有了足够的时间来认真对待这项爱好。
考题2：[本溪、辽阳、葫芦岛] Teenagers should do some housework _______ they finish their homework.
A. until B. but
C. after D. unless
C
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3 e.g. What happens when the plastic was thrown away
当塑料被扔掉时会发生什么？
Teenagers also get the pleasure of success when they join their favorite clubs. 当青少年加入他们最喜欢的俱乐部时，他们也会获得成功的乐趣。
When the teacher got into the classroom, Xiaoming was reading a novel. 当老师进教室时，小明正在看小说。
注意：由when 引导的时间状语从句，主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要求用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. I will give the book to her when she comes.
当她到来时, 我将把这本书给她。
考题3：[扬州] _______ astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe.
A. Though B. Till
C. When D. Unless
C
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4 e.g. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited.
当他旅行时，他研究了船所到的国家和岛屿上的植物和动物。
While we were having a meeting, Li Ming came in.
我们正开会的时候，李明进来了。
考题4：[绥化] While Sally ______ the housework, her mother came back from work.
A. are doing B. was doing C. did
【点拨】本题用语法判定法。由came可知，句子应用过去的时态，排除A项；结合while 可知，从句表达的动作是延续性的，应用过去进行时。
B
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since、till 和 until 引导的时间状语从句
since、till 和 until 引导的时 间状语从句 since: “自从……以来”，一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。⑤
until 和till: “直到……”引导的时间状语从句，如果主句的谓语动词是延续性的动词，主句和从句都用肯定式。⑥
考点2
5 e.g. Since Leah came back to Spain, she has been missing Xi’an very much.
自从Leah 回到西班牙，她就一直很想念西安。
It’s been 5 years since she came to Beijing．
她来北京已经5 年了。
注意：since 引导的时间状语从句中，从句的谓语动词表示动作的起点，用一般过去时；主句的谓语动词表示动作开始以后延续至今，一般用现在完成时。如果主句表示不是延续的动作，而是表示目前的情况，可以用一般现在时。
考题5：[北京] Jim _______ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school.
A. learns B. learned
C. will learn D. has learned
【点拨】本题用语法判定法。句意：自从吉姆开始在我们学校学习以来，他懂得了许多关于中国文化方面（的知识）。从since 引导的时间状语从句可知，主句用现在完成时态表达“从过去一直持续到现在的动作”。
D
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6 e.g. I waited till/until he arrived. 我一直等到他到来。
拓展：until/ till 表示“直到……”；如果主句的谓语动词是瞬时动词，该动词用否定形式，即用not...until/till 形式，表示“直到……才”，这时until 和till 可用before 替换。
e.g. We won’t start until/till/ before Bob comes.
鲍勃到来之前，我们不会动身。
We could not afford a car until after I had finished school.
在我完成学业之前，我们买不起汽车。
考题6：[邵阳] —Mike, why are you reading outside
—I cannot enter the library ________ it opens.
A. because B. if C. until
【点拨】本题用固定搭配法。答语句意：直到图书馆开门了我才能进去。主句是否定形式与后面until 构成not...until“直到……才” 结构。
C
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as soon as 和 whenever 引导的时间状语从句
as soon as 和 whenever 引导的 时间状语从句 as soon as: 连接的时间状语从句中, 指未发生的动作时，主句用一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。指紧接着发生的两个短动作时, 主从句都要用一般过去时。⑦
whenever: 作连词, 意为“每当，无论何时”。⑧
考点3
7 e.g. I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back.
他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。
As soon as I went in, Jason cried out with pleasure.
我一进门，贾森就高兴地大叫起来。
考题7：[桂林] The young men all shouted “Happy New Year” _______ it was twelve o’clock.
A. after B. as soon as C. if
B
考题8：[乐山] —What’s your plan for the summer holiday
—I’ll go to Chengdu as soon as the school term ______.
A. end B. ends C. will end
【点拨】本题用语法判定法。本句是as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，符合“主将从现”原则，主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时；从句主语是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用其第三人称单数形式。
B
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8 e.g. Come whenever you like. 你什么时候想来就来。
拓展：whenever 还可作副词, 意为“究竟什么时候”。
e.g. Whenever did you find time to do all that cooking
你怎么有时间做了这么多菜？
考题9：________ I meet difficulties, my teacher always encourages me to face them bravely.
A. Whenever
B. Whatever
C. However
A
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本节课主要学习了：
重点单词：against
重点短语：feel tired out , become serious about basketball, take part in the Olympics