2015《三维设计》高考英语（江苏专用）大一轮复习配套讲义：必修二Unit 3　Amazing people（单词集释+短语集释+句型集释）

Unit 3　Amazing people
　第三层级——背范文、学润色，让作文洋气十足
(2013·山东高考)假如你是新华中学的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生李华，你的美国朋友Tom一周前给你发电子邮件，询问你暑假里的打算，但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复。请根据以下要点给他回封邮件：
1．未及时回信的原因；2.你假期的打算(如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等)。
注意：1.词数：120～150；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom，How are you doing Yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u asked me in your last letter about my plan for the coming summer vacation.I am sorry that I didn't reply without delay.How I wish I had read ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and replied to your email (虚拟语气) as soon as I received it.However, I was busy preparing for my final exam, which was vital for me (非限制性定语从句)．As a result, I had no choice but to completely focus on my studies.I believe that if you were me, you would make the same choice (虚拟语气)．By the way, I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have a busy schedule for my summer vacation.First and foremost, I will do a part time job so that my interpersonal skills will be improved (结果状语从句)．Additionally, I will take a short trip to Beijing in the New Oriental School.Last but not least, maybe I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant.These are my plans ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for the summer vacation.What's yours I am looking forward to your earliest reply.Yours，Li Hua Dear Tom，How are you doing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) In your last letter, you asked me about my plan for my summer vacation.I am sorry that I didn't reply in time.It_was_the_approaching_exam_that_I_was_occupied_with (正是即将到来的期末考试让我忙碌起来。使用强调句式；occupy)．I had to concentrate all my attention on my studies.I have made a det ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ailed plan for my summer vacation.First, I will spend some time working as a volunteer to teach the children English in my community, which_I_think_will_be beneficial_to_my_future_career (我认为这对我将来的事业有益。使用非限制性定语从句；beneficial)．After that, I would like to take a trip to Hainan to relax myself.I have heard the climate there is quite pleasant, attracting_thousands_of_people_every_year (每年吸引了成千上万的人。使用非谓语动词短语；attract)．Last, I will take a part time job_in_the_hope_of acquiring_some_interpersonal_skills (期望获得人际交往技能。使用介词短语in the hope of)．These are my plans.What about you I'm looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua
(Ⅰ)单词拼写
1．—I'm going to Appleby tomorrow.
—What a coincidence (巧合)! I'm going up there too.
2．I'm sorry to disturb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (打扰) you so late, but my car's broken down and I am wondering if I can use your phone.
3．This is a r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ather rare (罕见的) word; one does not often see it or use it.
4．The studen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts got discouraged (泄气的)when the teacher told them few of them got a good mark in the exam.
5．Many people desir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e (期望) better working conditions and more education for their children.
6．The cost of vario ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )us (各种各样的) repairs comes up to just a hundred pounds in total.
7．New technology ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is being applied (应用) to almost every industrial process.
8．We must encourage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the planting of new trees and preserve (保护) our existing woodlands.
9．Don't chew the t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ablets before swallowing (吞咽), or you may throw them up.
10．My father was wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rned (告诫) by the villagers that he was in great danger.
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空
1．To find out a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bout entry requirements (require) for students, write to the college admissions board.
2．The dog had such ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )devotion (devote) to its master that it would not leave him, even when he was dead.
3．Her punishment (pun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ish) is to perform 20 hours a week of public service for a year.
4．His survival ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (survive) is still uncertain; he has been very badly hurt and may die.
5．I bought a new umbrella but lost it shortly (short) afterwards.
6．Smith doesn't wan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t to be involved in the organization (organize) of the conference, although he is willing to attend and speak.
7．On the wall at th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e entrance (enter) is a sign which says “No Photos”， meaning that we mustn't take any photos in the museum.
8．Though the explore ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs (explore) had met with lots of dangers and difficulties, they finally went through the forest.
(Ⅲ)语境填词
1．Listening to his ins ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )piring speech, we were inspired to make great efforts. It gave us not only hope but also inspiration. (inspire)
2．The curious boy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )looked at the box curiously and then he opened it out of curiosity.(curious)
3．Fortunately,_I wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the award. It was without doubt a small fortune to me.(fortunate)
1．Every winter some old people die_of (因……而死) heart trouble.
2．The police have ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rested two suspects in_connection_with (与……有关) the bank robbery.
3．How long is it since the electric computer came_into_use (开始使用)
4．He will go_down_in_history (载入史册) as a hero.
5．In the old society, who would look_up_to (敬佩) us
6．The boy was_curious_about (对……感到好奇) everything he saw.
7．She came_across (发现) some old photographs in a drawer.
8．Marc Jacobs is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )undoubtedly one of the most influenced designers of_all_time (有史以来)．
9．His patience and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hard work finally paid_off (得到回报) with a gold medal.
10．We ought to set_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sail (启航) soon when the weather is still favorable.
【短语归纳】
1．of all time　　　　　　　　 有史以来
2．be curious about 对……感到好奇
3．set sail 启航
4．be known as 作为……而出名
5．come across (偶然)遇见；发现
6．as well as 也，以及
7．in connection with 关于，与……有关
8．result in 导致，结果是……
9．pay off 带来好结果；得到回报
10．come into use 开始使用
11．in control of 掌管，控制
12．go down in history 载入史册
13．look up to 敬佩
14．die of 死于……
1．By the 1920s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.
到了20世纪20年代，他已经成为一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。
[解读]　by 表示“在……之前，不迟于”，后面常接表示时间点的名词。如果后面接过去时间，用于过去完成时；如果接将来时间，用于将来完成时。
[仿写]　到上学期期末为止，我们已学习了三十首诗歌。
By_the_end_of last term, we had_learned 30 poems.
2．He too visited the tomb, only to catch a high fever the next day.
他也去了陵墓，结果第二天就发高烧。
[解读]　only to do sth.用作结果状语， 意为“不料……，竟然……”。
[仿写]　她兴冲冲地回到家里，却发现一个人也没有。
She came home excitedly, only_to_find nobody was in.
3．If breathed in, they can result in illness or even death.
如果这些病毒被人体吸入，它们就可能导致疾病甚至死亡。
[解读]　If breathed in 是状语从句的省略，相当于If they are breathed in。
[仿写]　当谈到她的首次太空之旅时，女宇航员王亚平显得很激动。
When_talking_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )about/referring_to her first space travel, female astronaut, Wang Yaping became very excited.
4．Although Yang did n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut.
虽然杨(利伟)并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的席位。
[解读]　it was ... that ...是强调句型。
[仿写]　是俄罗斯而不是英国赢得了2018年世界杯的主办权。
It_was Russia rather t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )han England that won the bid for the 2018 World Cup.
一、常考词汇细点拨
1．curious adj.好奇的，求知欲强的；奇特的
[教材原句]　He was bright a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd curious about the world outside his home town.
他天资聪颖，对家乡外部的世界充满了好奇。
(1)be curious about ...　　　　　 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 极想做某事
(2)curiosity n. 好奇心
meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇
(3)curiously adv. 好奇地
①Though he nev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er made it to the top, his math teacher was always amazed and curious about the change.(2013·重庆高考完形)
尽管他从来没有成为尖子生，他的数学老师总是对他的变化感到又惊讶又好奇。
②A student should always be_curious_to_learn.
学生应该总是有求知欲的。
③Children have a natural curiosity about the world around them.
孩子们对周围世界自然有好奇心。
2．fortune n．[C]一大笔钱；财富 [U]运气
[教材原句]　Inside th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e tombs, he discovered a great fortune in jewels and gold, along with the preserved bodies of dead kings.
在这些陵墓中，他发现了一大批的珠宝和黄金以及已故国王们经过处理的遗体。
(1)seek one's fortune　　　　　 寻找致富及成功之路
make a/one's fortune 发财
try one's fortune 碰运气
tell one's fortune 算命
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的，交好运的
be fortunate to do sth. 幸运的去做某事
(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
①They went to America ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to seek their fortune after the Second World War.
第二次世界大战后，他们去了美国寻求发财的机会。
②Getty made a large ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art.(2013·山东高考阅读表达)
盖提一生中积累了很多财富，但是他把钱给了艺术界，因为他想让人们了解并热爱艺术。
③I am_fortunate_to be invited to stay in Rome.
我运气好，应邀去罗马小住。
3．preserve vt.保存，保护，保持
[经典例句]　The societ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.(牛津P1354)
成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种不致灭绝。
①Increased under ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )standing in planning world wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies.(2013·江西高考阅读D)
对国际旅游业的逐步理解会保护这些公司的市场。
preserve sb./sth. from ... 保护……免于……
preserve one's self respect/the public order/the world peace
维护自尊/维护公共秩序/维护世界和平
②With the limited n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atural resources, we should take action to preserve_them_from_being_wasted.
自然资源有限，我们应采取行动保护资源不被浪费。
[联想归纳]　类似preserve与from搭配的短语还有：
①protect ... from/against ... 保护……以避免……的伤害
阻止……做某事
[链接高考]
(2013·江苏高考)—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.
—Me too.The character of the town is well ________.
A．qualified　　　　　　 B．preserved
C．decorated D．simplified
解析：选B　根据题意可知，这个城镇 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的特色保留得很好，因此选preserved表示“保存，保护”。qualify“使合格，使具备资格”；decorate“装饰”；simplify“使简化”。
4．content n．内容；[复数]容纳的东西；目录；[单数]含量；满足 adj.满足的，满意的vt.使满足
[教材原句]　Afterwards, all of its contents would go into a museum.
随后，所有墓中的东西都将进入博物馆。
①The tray, and its ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) contents, fell on a man who was just about to take a bite of his sandwich.(2013·陕西高考完形)
托盘以及托盘中的东西撒落到一个刚要吃三明治的人身上。
(1)do sth. to one's heart's content
　　　　　　　　　 心满意足地、尽情地做某事
(2)be content to do sth. 乐于做某事
be content with 对……满足/满意
(3)content oneself with 满足于；使(某人)自己对……感到满足
②The bicycle he rod ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e was not by any means the kind modern cyclists would want to be seen riding on. But he seemed content with life.(2012·江西高考完形)
他骑的自行车绝不是现在骑自行车的人想在大街上骑的那种。但他似乎对生活很是满意。
③That rich m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an is tired of city life, so he is_content_to_live in the country.
那位富人厌倦了城市生活，所以他愿意生活在乡下。
④As time went on, he contented_himself_with a simple life.
随着时间的流逝，他满足于过简朴的生活。
5．disturb vt.打扰，扰乱；使(某人)烦恼或不安
[教材原句]　When a tomb is opened, fresh air disturbs the viruses.
一旦打开陵墓，外界的新鲜空气就扰乱了这些病毒。
①If you want to d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iscuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor.(2013·天津高考阅读A)
如果你想自由地进行讨论而又不打扰别人，你可以预订一间书房或坐在一楼的桌子旁边。
(1)It disturbs sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人不安
be disturbed by 为……感到不安
(2)disturbed adj. 感到不安的； 心理不正常的； 烦恼的，心烦意乱的
(3)disturbing adj. 令人不安的，引起烦恼的
②She was_dis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )turbed_by the news that you had been injured in the accident.
听说你在事故中受伤了，她感到不安。
[熟词生义]　猜测句中 disturb 的含义
③Don't disturb the papers on my desk.
A．打扰　　　　B．弄乱　　　　C．妨碍
答案：B
[辨析比较]　disturb, interrupt
试一试　选择以上单词填空
④She began to explain but I interrupted her.
⑤What disturbs me most is his lack of safety awareness.
辨一辨
disturb 指人的心情、睡眠、安静被干扰、妨碍，还可表示“使……不安”
interrupt 多指由于某种外界因素，如“插嘴”而中断、打断别人的讲话或活动
6．discourage vt.使灰心；劝阻，阻止；使泄气
[教材原句]　Even thoug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h some of the gorillas were quite dangerous, this did not discourage Dian.
尽管有些大猩猩相当危险，但这也没有阻止黛安。
(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.劝某人不要做某事； 使某人失去做某事的信心
(2)discouraging adj.　　　 令人泄气的
discouraged adj. (人)感到泄气的
(3)discouragement n. 泄气；阻止
①We hope the bad weather won't discourage people from coming along.
我们希望坏天气不会阻止人们前来。
②Students soon get discouraged if you criticize them too often.
如果你批评学生次数太多的话，他们很快就会泄气的。
7．desire n．渴望，欲望，愿望vt.渴望，期望；想要
[教材原句]　He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.
他总是强烈渴望能学习飞行。
(1)a desire for sth.　　　　　　 对某物的渴望
a desire to do sth. 做某事的渴望/愿望
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
desire that ... 希望……
①Most people have a strong desire for success.
大多数人都非常渴望成功。
②She desired him to burn these letters after she left.
她希望他等她走了以后把这些信件烧掉。
[名师指津]　desire 后跟宾语从句、同位语从句或表语从句时，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气形式，即“(should＋)动词原形”。
③He expressed a desire that the papers (should)_be_made_public.
他表示很希望这些文件能公之于众。
8．apply vi.申请；适用 vt.使用，应用；专心于；涂抹，敷
[教材原句]　In 1998, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he applied to be a member of Project 921, which is now called Shenzhou.
1998年他被选拔为“921”计划的成员，现名“神舟计划”。
(1)apply to do sth.　 申请做某事
apply for ... 申请……
apply ... to ... 把……运用于……，使……起作用
apply oneself to 致力于，专心于
(2)application n．　 应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，外敷
①He hopes to be a soldier, and he has applied to join the army.
他希望成为一名战士，他已经申请参军。
②He has a good he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )art, but always feared applying for a new job.(2013·山东高考阅读A)
他心地善良，但是他总是害怕找一份新工作。
③You must be aware that this rule cannot be_applied_to every case.
你必须明白这项规则不是所有情况都适用。
二、间考词汇自识记
1．requirement n．要求，规定
meet/satisfy sb.'s requirements 满足某人的需要
The new computer system will meet all our requirements.
新计算机系统将满足我们的全部要求。
2．superior n．上级，上司 adj.更好的，更高的
be superior to ... 优于/高于……
The army was superior in number to its enemies.
该部队在数量上超过了它的敌人。
[单词对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·湖北十堰四 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )校高三联考)The 2015 World Secondary School Students' Track and Field Championships will be held in Wuhan NO.4 Middle School, partially because the cultural relics here such as the Clock Tower and the Church are well ________.
A．preserved B．deserved
C．reserved D．observed
解析：选A　句意：2015年世 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )界中学生田径锦标赛将在武汉四中举行，部分原因是这里的文化遗产如钟楼和教堂保护得好。preserve“保护，保存”，符合句意。deserve“值得，应该”；reserve“预留，预定”；observe“遵守，观察，庆祝”。
2．(2014·南京四校高三调研)Nowad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ays teenagers are not ________ to stand and appreciate works of art; they prefer to participate in them.
A．content B．controversial
C．confident D．absolute
解析：选A　句意：如今，青少年不满足 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于只是站着欣赏艺术作品；他们更喜欢参与到艺术作品中。content“满足的，满意的”，符合句意。controversial“有争议的”；confident“自信的”；absolute“绝对的”。
3．(2014·淮安高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )模拟)His little brother is such a(n) ________ boy that he is always asking questions.
A．nervous B．worried
C．curious D．anxious
解析：选C　句意：他的弟 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )弟如此好奇以至于总是问问题。nervous“紧张的”；worried“担忧的”；curious“好奇的”；anxious“焦急的”。
4．(2014·苏州高三模拟)Sha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re prices are falling sharply, which ________ investors from buying and selling shares.
A．prevents B．protects
C．discourages D．persuades
解析：选C　句意：股票价格的急剧下跌大 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )大挫伤了投资者买卖股票的信心。discourage表示“使泄气”，符合句意。prevent“阻止”；protect“保护”；persuade“说服”。
5．(2014·芜湖模拟)The noi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se was so ________ that he was so ________ that he stayed awake the whole night.
A．disturbing; disturbed B．disturbed; disturbing
C．disturbing; disturbing D．disturbed; disturbed
解析：选A　句意：噪音太令人厌烦了，以 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )至于他如此烦躁，一整晚都没睡着。disturbing“令人厌烦的”；disturbed“(人)感到厌烦的”。
6．(2014·淮北模拟)He accumu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lated a ________ by buying and selling used cars and became one of the richest persons in the town years ago.
A．fortune B．format
C．fountain D．friction
解析：选A　句意：几年前，他买 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )卖旧汽车积累了一笔财富，这使他成为了镇上最富有的人之一。fortune“财富”，符合句意。format“格式，结构，形式，版式”；fountain“泉水，喷泉”；friction“摩擦，不和”。
Ⅱ.多维演练
题组1　desire万花筒
1．句型转换(每空一词)
①He desires that I (should) go abroad for further education.
→He desires me to go abroad for further education.
②They have a strong desire to win, which is needed for football.
→They desire to win,_which is needed for football.
2．(2014·徐州模拟)Many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) university graduates ________ to work in first tier cities, which are attractive to them.
A．inspire B．desire
C．risk D．arrange
解析：选B　句意：许多大学毕 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )业生渴望到一线城市工作，这些城市对他们很有吸引力。desire to do sth. “渴望做某事”。inspire 常用于 inspire sb. to do sth.; risk 后接动名词；arrange 后可接不定式，但与句意不符。
题组2　apply点点练
1．根据英汉提示完成小片段
In order to know wheth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er his plan was practical, he first applied_it_to (把它应用于) his work, and he also applied_for (申请) a study to his company about it. Then he applied_himself_to (专心于) it and made necessary changes.
2．(2014·安徽名校高三联考)When ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ a job, you should highlight your experience and skills.
A．accounting for B．interviewing for
C．applying for D．searching for
解析：选C　句意：求职时，你应该突出你的经验 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和技能。apply for“申请”，符合句意。account for“解释，说明”；interview for“为……面试”；search for“搜索”。
1．come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解
[高考佳句]　During t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across.(2013·湖北高考阅读A)
旅行当中，我一直忙于记录我所遇到的每一件事、每一个名字和每一个地方。
①She explained for a l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ong time, but her meaning didn't really come across.
她解释了很久，但没有人真正理解她的意思。
[名师指津]　come across 作“(偶然)遇见；发现”讲时，across 为介词；作“被理解”讲时，across 为副词。
come about　　　　　 发生；产生
come down with 患(病)
come out (花)开放；出版；结果是
come along 跟着来，跟随
come up 长出；走近；被提出
come up with 提出；想出
②I'm sure it will all come out all right in the end.
我敢肯定最后结局会很好。
③I came up with a proposal and it soon came_up at the meeting.
我想出一条建议，很快这条建议在会上被提出来了。
[联想归纳]　表示“偶然遇到”的短语还有：
①run across　②meet with　③happen to meet
④meet ... by chance/accident
[链接高考]
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Would you like to ________ with us to the film tonight
A．come along B．come off
C．come across D．come through
解析：选A　根据句意“你今 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )晚愿意和我们一起去看电影吗？”可知，此处意为“跟随”。come along“跟着来，跟随”，符合句意。come off“举行，发生，成功”；come across“偶然遇见”；come through“(重病后)康复”。
2．result in 导致，结果是……
[教材原句]　If breathed in, they can result in illness or even death.
如果这些病毒被人体吸入，它们就可能导致疾病甚至死亡。
①His years of hard work resulted in his great discovery in science.
他多年的辛勤工作带来了科学上的重大发现。
result from　　　　　　　　 起因于
as a result 结果
as a result of 作为……的结果；由于
with the result that ... 为此，因此
without result 毫无结果
②Sickness often resulted from eating too much.
疾病往往由吃得太多引起。
③We had to stay at home as a result of the heavy rain.
由于下大雨，我们只好待在家里。
[名师指津]　result in 的主语是“起因”，宾语是“结果”；result from 的主语是“结果”，宾语是“起因”。
3．pay off 成功，带来好结果；得到回报；还清
[教材原句]　All my years of training as an explorer have finally paid off!
我作为探险家多年的训练终于得到回报了！
①Only another six months and the house will be paid off.
只要再过6个月，房款就能全部还清。
pay back　　　　　　　 偿还，偿付；报复
pay for 付钱买……，为……付出代价
pay sb. money for ... 为……付给某人钱
②You can depend on it that I'll pay your money back on Friday.
你尽管放心，我星期五就把钱还给你。
[链接高考]
(2012·安徽高考)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e athlete's years of hard training ________ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
A．went on　　　　　　 B．got through
C．paid off D．ended up
解析：选C　句意：当这个运动员最终获 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )得奥运会金牌时，她多年的刻苦训练总算得到了回报。go on“继续下去”；get through“完成，处理”；pay off“取得成功，奏效”；end up“最终处于……”。
4．in control of掌管，控制
[教材原句]　Yang was desc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ribed by his superiors as hard working and always in control of himself.
杨利伟的领导将他描述为一个勤奋刻苦、总是能够自控的人。
①He is the person ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in control of all medical decisions at the hospital.
他负责医院医疗事物方面的所有决策。
out of control　　　　　　　 失去控制
under control 被控制住
beyond control 无法控制
lose control of ... 失去对……的控制
take/gain control of ... 得到/取得对……的控制
have/bring ... under control 使……得到控制
②He was so drunk that he lost control of his car.
他喝醉了，开不了车。
③The plant was given six months to bring the pollution under_control.
给了该工厂六个月时间控制污染。
[短语对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.介、副词填空
1．Writing books is awfully tiring, but it pays off in the long term.
2．The police has been in control of the situation.
3．These are injuries resulting from a fall.
4．He said that my careless speech resulted in much argument.
5．Shortly after t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he earthquake, a Chinese rescue team set sail for the disaster area.
6．I came acros ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s this old photograph when looking for a book yesterday.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·南京高三模拟)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he young man was glad that his experience as a cook in the army finally ________.
A．paid off　　　　　　　 B．paid for
C．paid up D．paid back
解析：选A　句意：这个年轻人很高兴他 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在部队当厨师的经历最终使他取得了成功。pay off “取得成功，奏效”，符合句意。pay for“付款，偿还”；pay up“付清全部欠款”；pay back“偿还，报复”。
2．(2014·徐州模拟)Zhao ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Jishun, a student, improved his painting skill through a series of exercises. ________， he won the first prize in a painting competition.
A．Otherwise B．After all
C．Anyway D．As a result
解析：选D　由语境可知，他由于努力 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )获得了一等奖，故选as a result“结果”。otherwise“否则”；after all“毕竟”；anyway“无论如何”。
3．(2011·天津高考)She _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
A．turned down B．dealt with
C．took after D．came across
解析：选D　句意：昨天在商场购物的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时候她偶然碰见她的一个老朋友。come across“(偶然)遇见，碰见”，符合句意。turn down“拒绝”；deal with“处理”；take after“(外貌或行为)像……，跟踪”。
4．(2014·亳州高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )模拟)She was told to wear flat shoes ________ her back problem.
A．on account of B．in control of
C．in terms of D．in case of
解析：选A　句意：因为她的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )背部问题，她被告知要穿平底鞋。on account of“因为”，符合句意。后三项分别表示“控制”“就……而言”“以防”，都与句意不符。
1．By_the_1920s,_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he had_become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.
到20世纪20年代，他已经成为一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。
by the 1920s意为“到20世纪20年代”，属于“by＋时间名词”，在句中作时间状语。
(1)“by＋表示过去的时间”作状语时，句子谓语一般用过去完成时。
by the time＋从句(一般过去时)，主句一般用过去完成时。
①By the time Jack ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) returned home from England, his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英国回国的时候，他的儿子已经从大学毕业了。
②By the time I got ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to the airport, my friend's plane had_already_taken_off.
当我到达机场时，我朋友的飞机已经起飞了。
(2)“by＋表示将来的时间”作状语时，句子谓语一般用将来完成时。
by the time ＋从句(一般现在时)，主句一般用将来完成时。
③By the end of ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xt month, Mary will_have_finished_her_study in America.
到下个月底，玛丽将完成在美国的学习。
[链接高考]
(2011·江苏高考)—Tommy is planning to buy a car.
—I know.By next month, he ______enough for a used one.
A．saves B．saved
C．will save D．will have saved
解析：选D　根据句中的时间状语by next month可知，到下个月，他将会积攒足够买一辆二手车的钱，因此应用将来完成时。
2．Although Yang did ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) not get the best scores on every single test, it_was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut.
虽然杨(利伟)并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的席位。
该句使用了强调句型。
①It was on November 2,2013 that Chang'e 3 was sent up into space.
就是在2013年11月2日嫦娥3号被送入太空。
②It was not unti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history — a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.(2013·北京高考任务型阅读)
直到20世纪大不列颠成为了历史上最早的城镇化社会——在这个社会中多数人居住在城区，不以农业为生。
③Was it Mary that you met in the street yesterday
昨天你在街上遇见的是玛丽吗？
④When_was_it_that you found the wallet missing
你是什么时候发现钱包不见了的？
[名师指津]　(1)强调结构用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分，不能用来强调谓语。
(2)that只起连接作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用，不作成分，但不能省略。当强调部分为人时，才可以用who。that/who后的谓语动词应与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
(3)强调结构的判断：如果把it is/was和that/who去掉，句子成分完整，则是强调句。
[句型对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.句型转换(每空一词)
1．I didn't know real happiness until I met you.(改为强调句)
→It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.
2．If you are asked a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bout the matter, you can tell him the truth.(改为状语从句的省略句)
→If asked about the matter, you can tell him the truth.
3．Not only the b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oy but also his teammates are good at hip hop.(用as well as改为同义句)
→His teammates as well as the boy are good at hip hop.
4．When he was 15, he had already achieved worldwide fame.(同义句转换)
→By the time he was 15, he had already achieved worldwide fame.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·安徽名校联考)B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y the end of last month, Jacob ________ more than twenty million dollars on the ruined castle.
A．has spent B．spends
C．would spend D．had spent
解析：选D　句意：到上个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )月月末为止，雅各布在破败的城堡上已经花了两千万美元。根据时间状语“By the end of last month”可知，谓语动词应使用过去完成时。
2．(2014·安庆高三模拟) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )It is in the very village ________ Mary was born 35 years ago ________ she will build her first school.
A．that; where B．that; that
C．where; that D．where; where
解析：选C　第一空为定语从句的引导词，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导；第二空为强调句型中的that。
现在完成时和过去完成时
1．(2014·南京适应性考试 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))The earthquake, which occurred at 8：58, didn't cause many deaths, for most people ________.
A．got up B．had got up
C．were getting up D．have got up
解析：选B　句意：发生在8：58的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )地震没有造成许多人死亡，因为(那时候)大多数人已经起床了。根据occurred可知，地震发生在过去，而人们起床发生在地震之前，所以应用过去完成时。
2．(2014·四川省宜宾五校第二次调查 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考试)In the past few centuries, the lighthouses along North Carolina's coast ________ as signs of safety for travelers at sea.
A．were recognized B．have recognized
C．recognized D．have been recognized
解析：选D　句意：过去的几个世纪 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，沿着北卡罗来纳州海岸的灯塔是海上旅行者们公认的安全标志。recognize和the lighthouses是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。根据时间状语“In the past few centuries”可知，此处应用现在完成时。
3．(2014·安徽重点中学高三联合考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )试)We ________ to finish the project before dark, but the heavy traffic held us up.
A．plan B．were planning
C．had planned D．are planning
解析：选C　句意：我们原计划在天黑前完成 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这个项目，但拥挤的交通耽搁了我们。后一分句用了一般过去时态，结合句意可知，前一分句所述情况发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时态。
4．(2014·黄山高三模拟 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))The survey conducted indicates that nearly 80% of the Chinese feel that pressures on them are much heavier than before though their incomes ________.
A．would increase B．have increased
C．will increase D．increased
解析：选B　句意：进行的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )调查表明80%的中国人认为虽然收入提高了，但是压力比以前大多了。此处表示“收入提高”这种情况已经发生，并强调对现在的影响，故用现在完成时。
5．(2014·苏南五校联考)When ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )she returned home, Rose found her computer ________ and she was very confused.
A．was removing B．has been removed
C．had removed D．had been removed
解析：选D　分析句子成分可知，remo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve与computer之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，排除A、C两项；根据句意可知，remove这一动作发生在returned之前，故此处应用过去完成时。
A卷
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·安徽名校高三联考)On ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e way to ________ species under threat of extinction — whatever the cause — is to remove them to zoos and parks and feed them there.
A．betray　　　　　　　　　　 B．resist
C．preserve D．abandon
解析：选C　句意：一种保护无论什 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )么原因造成处于灭绝状态的物种的方法是把它们迁移到动物园或公园里并且在那里饲养它们。根据句意可知应选preserve，意为“保护”。betray“背叛”；resist“抵制”；abandon“抛弃”。
2．(2014·苏南五校联 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考) ________about the man wearing sunglasses during night that he was determined to follow him.
A．So curious the detective was
B．So curious was the detective
C．How curious was the detective
D．How curious the detective was
解析：选B　句意：那个侦探对于夜里 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )戴墨镜的那个人如此好奇以至于他决定跟踪他。“so ... that ...”句型中，如果将“so＋形容词/副词”置于句首，主句主谓需部分倒装。
3．(2014·南京四校高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )调研)To her disappointment, what she had devoted herself to ________ in nothing but failure.
A．resulting B．results
C．has resulted D．resulted
解析：选D　句意：令她失望的是，她倾力 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所做的一切，给她带来的只是失败。句中“what she had devoted herself to”为主语从句，what作介词to的宾语，且devote这一动作发生在result in这一动作之前，故用resulted。
4．(2014·金陵中学模拟)The yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ung boy, who by then ________ admission to the university, decided to do some part time work to gain more practical experience.
A．gained B．was gaining
C．has gained D．had gained
解析：选D　根据 by then 可知，被大学录取这个动作发生在 decided 之前，故用过去完成时。
5．(2014·连云港高 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三模拟)Fan Bingbing is my favorite film star.I consider her ______ other stars.
A．more superior to B．more superior than
C．superior to D．superior than
解析：选C　句意：范冰冰是我最喜欢的电影明星 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。我认为她比其他明星优秀。be superior to“比……更好”，superior没有比较级。
6．(2014·济南高三模拟) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )It is reported that a similar technique can be ________ to the treatment of cancer.
A．applied B．attached
C．added D．compared
解析：选A　句意：据说一项类似的技术将会 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )被应用到癌症的治疗中。apply“应用，适用”，符合语境。attach“附加；使依附”；add“加，增加”；compare“比较，对照”。
7．(2014·淮安高三模拟)—Where was the film The Warring State made
—It was in the v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ery Movie & Television Base ________ I visited last week ________ the film was made.
A．where; that B．what; that
C．that; that D．which; where
解析：选C　答语是强调句， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )被强调的部分是 in the very Movie & Television Base, 其后有定语从句修饰。第一个空，引导词在定语从句中作宾语，且先行词有 very 修饰，故填 that；强调句的结构一般为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”，故第二个空用 that。
8．(2014·宿迁高三模拟)Thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s term several optional courses are provided, and we are free to choose ________ we are interested in.
A．whatever B．whichever
C．whenever D．wherever
解析：选B　句意：这学期提供 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )好几门选修课程，我们可以任意选择感兴趣的一门。choose后为宾语从句，宾语从句缺宾语，排除C、D两项。结合题干中的several optional courses，有范围限定，故选whichever。
9．(2014·湖北武汉适应性训练)Eno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rmous pressure as they are faced with, the students remain ________ and try hard to achieve their goals.
A．conscious B．optimistic
C．influential D．competitive
解析：选B　考查形容词词义辨 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )析。句意：尽管学生们面临巨大压力，他们仍然很乐观，努力实现自己的目标。conscious “有意识的”；optimistic “乐观的”；influential “有很大影响的”；competitive “竞争的”。
10．(2014·合肥二中模拟 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))The girl living in a small village desires that she ________ to work in the western area.
A．send B．is sent
C．be sent D．should send
解析：选C　desire后的宾语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中应使用虚拟语气，即：(should＋)动词原形；由语境可知，she是send的承受者，故应用被动语态，选C。
11．(2014·江阴五校联考)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he boys are still playing basketball happily on the court ________ it is raining heavily.
A．in case B．even though
C．as if D．as long as
解析：选B　句意：尽管在下大雨，这些男孩子 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们还在球场上开心地打篮球。in case “以免，以防，万一”；even though “尽管，即使”；as if “似乎，好像”；as long as “只要”。
12．(2014·安庆高三模拟)G ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reatly ________， the students made up their minds to work at English even harder.
A．inspiring B．inspired
C．having inspired D．to inspire
解析：选B　句意：受到很大的鼓舞，学生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们下决心要更加努力学习英语。inspire 与 the students 之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。
13．(2014·唐山一模)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e new technology, if ________ to farming, will help increase the grain output.
A．applying B．to apply
C．applied D．having applied
解析：选C　if 引导的条件状语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中省略了与主句相同的主语及系动词，补全后为：if the new technology is applied to farming，因此选C。
14．(2014·常州中学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )模拟)When you ________ a new word, you'd better ________ a dictionary.
A．come about; refer to
B．come across; consult
C．come across; look up
D．come up; consult
解析：选B　come about“发生，产生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”；come across“碰上，遇见”；come up“被提出”；consult ＝ refer to“查阅”，其宾语是dictionary; look up也有“查阅”之意，但其宾语是word。故B项正确。
15．(2014·石家庄高三模拟)—Do you really think what he said was practical
—I don't entirely agree, but ________.
A．I don't care B．go ahead
C．just let it go D．I doubt it
解析：选C　考查交际用语。句意：“你真 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的认为他说的话实用吗？”“我不完全同意，但是就这样吧。”根据句意可知应选C，意为“不再多说，到此为止”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2014·无锡高三检测)Joy Mang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ano was 33 and divorced, had three kids under age 7, and was barely keeping up payments on her small two bedroom home by working extra weekend hours as a waitress, “There were times when I would lie in bed and think, I don't know how I'm going to pay that bill，” Mangano says.
But she had a special ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ability for seeing the obvious. She knew firsthand how hard it was to mop the floor. “I was tired of bending down, putting my hands in dirty water, wringing out a mop，” Mangano says. “So, I said, ‘There's gotta be a better way.’”
How about a “self w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ringing” mop She designed a distinctive tool you could twist in two directions at once, and still keep your hands clean and dry. She set out to sell it, first a few at flea markets.
Then Mangano ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) met with the media. But would couch potatoes (泡在电视机前的人) buy a mop The experts on shopping TV were less than certain. They gave it a try, and it failed. Mangano was sure it would sell if they'd let her do the on camera demonstration. “Brave little me. I said, ‘Get me on that stage, and I will sell this mop because it's a great item.’”
So QVC, a multinati ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onal corporation specializing in televised home shopping, took a chance on her. “I got onstage and the phones went crazy. We sold every mop in minutes.”
Today she's pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esident of Ingenious Designs, a multimillion dollar company, and one of the stars of HSN, the Home Shopping Network. Talking about her household inventions is “as natural for me as it is for a parent to talk about their child，” Mangano says.
Today one of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) her favorite products is Huggable Hangers. The thin, space saving implements are the most successful goods ever sold on HSN, with 100 million hanging out there in closets across the USA. Of course, you couldn't possibly sell hangers on TV.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文。文章主要讲述了Joy Mangano这位单亲妈妈虽然生活很艰辛，但她凭借着自己的聪明和努力，发明了备受欢迎的自动拧干拖布和晾衣架。如今她已是一家拥有数百万美元资产公司的总裁。
1．The two items that Mangano designed and produced are ________.
A．welcomed by housewives
B．bought by multinational corporation
C．seen at flea markets
D．found by the media
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的“We sold every mop in minutes.”和最后一段第二句“The thin, space saving implements are the most successful goods ever sold on HSN ...”可知，她发明的两款产品“self wringing” mop (自动拧干拖布)和Huggable Hangers (晾衣架)受到了广大主妇的欢迎，故A项正确。
2．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Mangano once had to work seven days a week to support her family.
B．Mangano got the idea of self wringing mop from her own experience.
C．The experts on shopping TV were confident about Mangano's mop.
D．QVC is a business organization that sells goods on TV.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第三句“The experts on shopping TV were less than certain.”可知，电视购物专家并没有表达对Mangano发明的拖布有信心。故答案选C。
3．From the passage we can know that Mangano now ________.
A．sells her goods mostly at markets
B．has become famous and got rich
C．has stopped household inventions
D．has sold her two bedroom home
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一句“Today she's president of Ingenious Designs, a multimillion dollar company, and one of the stars of HSN，the Home Shopping Network.”可知，如今她是“天才发明公司”的总裁，拥有数百万美元的资产，也是家庭购物网络的佼佼者。故答案选B。
4．Huggable Hanger is the thing that people can use ________.
A．to clean the floor
B．to take pictures like a camera
C．to make phone calls like a cellphone
D．to put their clothes on it to keep their shape
解析：选D　推理判断题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据文章最后一段第二句“The thin, space saving implements are the most successful goods ever sold on HSN，with 100 million hanging out there in closets across the USA.”可知，这款小巧、不占空间的物什是迄今为止家庭购物网络中最畅销的小物件，风靡了全美的衣柜。故D项正确。
B
(2014·安徽省芜湖三校 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )高三第一次模拟考试)The American newspaper publisher Arthur Sulzberger Sr died at the age of 86. Mr. Sulzberger led The New York Times for more than three decades, before passing the business to his son. He took over the paper in 1963 when it was in financial trouble, and transformed it into the heart of a multi billion dollar media empire.
His family announced h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e had died at his home in Southampton, New York State, after a long illness. His son, Arthur Sulzberger Jr, said in a statement that his father, whom he referred to by his childhood nickname of Punch, was “one of our industry's most admired executives”. “Punch, the old Marine captain who never backed down from a fight, was an absolutely fierce defender of the freedom of the press” he said.
The New York Times wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s bought by Mr. Sulzberger Sr's grandfather Adolph Ochs in 1896. During Mr. Sulzberger's tenure, The New York Times won 31 Pulitzer prizes.
Born in New York City ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), 5 February 1926, Sr served in Marine Corps during World War Ⅱ and Korean War, joined The New York Times in 1951 after graduating from Columbia College, took over as publisher in 1963 after his brother in law died suddenly, stepped down in 1997 and passed stewardship to his son, Arthur Sulzberger Jr.
He oversaw a huge cir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )culation boost at the paper, and increased its parent company's annual revenues (年收入) from $100m in 1963 to $1.7bn by the time he stepped down in
1997. He also led ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the paper through high level clashes with the political establishment. In 1971, The Times published a series of stories saying that politicians had systematically lied over the US involvement in Vietnam. The source was thousands of leaked government documents known as the Pentagon Papers. The Nixon administration demanded that the paper stop publishing the stories on grounds of national security. But the paper refused, and then won the subsequent court case by arguing that the First Amendment of the US Constitution (宪法) guaranteed free speech. The case is seen as a landmark in the history of free speech in the US. Mr. Sulzberger said he read more than 7,000 pages of the Pentagon Papers before personally deciding to publish them.
His family still h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )olds a controlling stake (控股权) in The New York Times. He was a strong believer in family ownership of newspapers. He once joked: “My conclusion is simple Nepotism_works.”
语篇解读：本文介绍了《纽约时报》前总裁Arthur Sulzberger Sr的生平。
5．When did Arthur Sulzberger Sr die
A．In 1997.　　　　　　　 B．In 2012.
C．In 1963. D．In 1971.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第一段第一句中的“Arthur Sulzberger Sr died at the age of 86”和第四段第一句中的“Born in New York City, 5 February 1926”可知，他出生于1926年，去世时86岁，由此可知他在2012年去世。
6．Punch, the old Marine captain was actually ________.
A．Arthur Sulzberger Jr
B．Adolph Ochs
C．Arthur Sulzberger Sr's father
D．Arthur Sulzberger Sr
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“His son, Arthur Sulzberger Jr, said in a statement that his father, whom he referred to by his childhood nickname of Punch, was ‘one of our industry's most admired executives’．”可知，Punch, the old Marine captain指Arthur Sulzberger Sr。
7．In the political case in the 1970s, Mr. Sulzberger ________.
A．failed the case in the end
B．lost the controlling stake in The New York Times
C．gave in to the government
D．succeeded in guarding free speech of the paper
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“national security. But the paper refused, and then won the subsequent court case”可知，D项符合题意。
8．What does the under ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lined word “Nepotism” in the last paragraph probably refer to
A．Friendship.
B．Politics.
C．Family ownership.
D．Freedom of speech.
解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词前面 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的“He was a strong believer in family ownership of newspapers.”可推测，画线词指的应是family ownership。
B卷
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2014 ·徐州市高三教学质量检 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )测)Some years ago when I was in my second year in university, I heard Salome Bey sing for the first time. The moment was exciting. Salome's __1__ filled the room and brought the theater to life. I was so __2__ that I decided to write an article about her.
I __3__ Salome Bey, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) telling her I was from Essence magazine, and that I wanted to meet her to talk about her career. She __4__ and told me to come to her studio next Tuesday. When I hung up, I was scared out of my mind. I __5__ I was lying. I was not a writer at all and hadn't even written a grocery list.
I interviewed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Salome Bey the next Tuesday. I sat there __6__， taking notes and asking questions that all began with, “Can you tell me ...” I soon realized that __7__ Salome Bey was one thing, but writing a story for a national magazine was just impossible. The __8__ was almost unbearable (不可容忍的). I struggled for days __9__ draft after draft. Finally I put my manuscript (手稿) into a large envelope and dropped it into a mailbox.
It didn't take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )long. My manuscript __10__. How stupid of me! I thought. How could I __11__ in a world of professional writers Knowing I couldn't __12__ the rejection letter, I threw the unopened envelope into a drawer.
Five years l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ater, I was moving to California. While __13__ my apartment, I came across the unopened envelope. This time I opened it and __14__ the editor's letter in disbelief：
Dear Ms Profit，
Your story on Salome B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ey is fantastic. Yet we need some __15__ materials. Please add those and return the article immediately. We would like to __16__ your story soon.
Shocked, it took ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) me a long time to __17__. Fear of rejection cost me dearly. I lost at least five hundred dollars and having my article appear in a major magazine. More importantly, I lost years of __18__ writing. Today, I have become a full time writer. Looking back on this __19__， I learned a very important lesson: You can't __20__ to doubt yourself.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过第一次投稿的经历给了我们很多启示：千万不要怀疑自己，否则你将会因此而错失很多。
1．A.joy　　　　　　　　　　 B．voice
C．speech D．smile
解析：选B　句意：Salome的声音( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )voice)充满了整个房间，整个剧院因她的歌声而焕发生机。根据上一句“I heard Salome Bey sing for the first time.”可知，答案B符合文意。
2．A.moved B．active
C．satisfied D．proud
解析：选A　句意：我被震撼(mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve感动)了，因此我决定写一篇关于她的文章。active“积极的，活跃的”；satisfied“满意的”；proud“骄傲的”，均不符合语境，故排除。故选A。
3．A.visited B．emailed
C．interviewed D．phoned
解析：选D　句意：我打电话(pho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne)给Salome，说我是Essence杂志的，想约她见面并谈谈她的职业。根据下文的“When I hung up, I was scared out of my mind.”可知，答案D符合文意。
4．A.agreed B．refused
C．hesitated D．paused
解析：选A　句意：她同意(agree) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了我的请求，约好下个星期二在她的工作室见面。根据本句中“...told me to come to her studio next Tuesday”可知，她同意了“我”和她见面的请求。故答案A符合文意。
5．A.replied B．discovered
C．explained D．knew
解析：选D　句意：我知道(know) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我在撒谎。根据下文“I was not a writer ...”可知，作者是在说谎。reply“回答”；discover“发现”；explain“解释”，均不符合语境，故排除。
6．A.seriously B．nervously
C．patiently D．quietly
解析：选B　句意：我坐在那里， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )很紧张地(nervously)记着笔记，开始问一些简单的问题。与上文“When I hung up, I was scared out of my mind ... I was lying”相呼应，故答案B符合文意。
7．A.blaming B．fooling
C．inviting D．urging
解析：选B　句意：我很快意识 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到欺骗(fool) Salome是一回事儿，但是给一个国家级的杂志写稿发表几乎是不可能的事儿。根据上文“I was lying”可知，答案B符合文意。
8．A.hardship B．failure
C．comment D．pressure
解析：选D　句意：这种压力(pressur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e)几乎不能让人承担。与下句“I struggled for days ...”和作者怀疑自己的能力相呼应，故答案D符合文意。hardship“艰难”；failure“失败”；comment“评论”，均不符合语境，故排除。
9．A.on B．by
C．with D．in
解析：选C　句意：我几天来一直都一遍一遍地 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )打草稿，写了撕，撕了写。struggle with为固定搭配，意为“与……挣扎，搏斗”，符合文意，故答案C正确。
10．A.returned B．disappeared
C．spread D．improved
解析：选A　句意：不久后，我的手稿被退回 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了(return)。根据下文“the rejection letter”和“How stupid of me！”可知，答案A符合语境。disappear“消失”；spread“传播”；improve“改善”，均不符合语境，故排除。
11．A.compare B．compete
C．survive D．struggle
解析：选B　句意：我怎么能够 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )竞争(compete)过那么多专业作家呢？与文章最后一句“You can't ________ to doubt yourself.”相呼应，故答案B符合文意。compare“比较”；survive“存活”；struggle“斗争”，均不符合语境，故排除。
12．A.ignore B．deliver
C．face D．receive
解析：选C　句意：知道自 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )己不能够面对(face)那封拒绝信，我把那封信拆都没拆就直接放在抽屉里了。根据下文“Fear of rejection cost me dearly.”和“I threw the unopened envelope into a drawer”可知，作者害怕被拒绝，所以不敢面对。故答案C符合文意。
13．A.cleaning B．repairing
C．decorating D．leaving
解析：选A　由上句可知， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作者要搬去别的地方了，故本句句意为：在屋里打扫卫生(cleaning)时，我偶然看到了那封没有拆开的信。repair“修理”；decorate“装修”；leave“离开”，均不符合语境，故排除。
14．A.saw B．read
C．found D．noticed
解析：选B　句意：这次我拆开了这封信，开始 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )读(read)编辑给我写的信，有些难以置信。根据下文引用的信的内容可知，作者在读信。故答案B符合文意。
15．A.memorial B．relevant
C．private D．reliable
解析：选B　句意：然而，我们需要一些相关的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(relevant)资料。memorial“纪念性的”；private“私人的”；reliable“可依赖的”，均不符合语境，故排除。
16．A.broadcast B．create
C．publish D．assess
解析：选C　句意：我们很希望不久 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后就出版(publish)你的文章。根据下文“I lost at least five hundred dollars and having my article appear in a major magazine.”可知，答案C符合文意。
17．A.prepare B．recover
C．escape D．concentrate
解析：选B　句意：过了很久我才从震惊中恢复 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(recover)过来。与本句中的“shocked”和上文的“in disbelief”相呼应，故答案B符合文意。
18．A.energetic B．enjoyable
C．typical D．endless
解析：选B　句意：更重要的是，我失去了多 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )年愉悦(enjoyable)的写作。作者听到别人优美的歌声就想为别人写点什么，说明写作对作者是一个很享受的过程，故答案B符合文意。energetic“有活力的”；typical“典型的”；endless“无尽的”，均不符合语境，故排除。
19．A.experience B．success
C．benefit D．accident
解析：选A　句意：回顾这次经历(exp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erience)，我学到了重要的一课……success“成功”；benefit“受益”；accident“事故，车祸”，均不符合语境，故排除。
20．A.attempt B．pretend
C．expect D．afford
解析：选D　句意：回顾这次经历，我学到了重 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要的一课：你承担(afford)不起怀疑自己的代价。attempt“尝试”；pretend“假装”；expect“期望”，均不符合语境，故排除。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2014·江西八校联考)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere are records of fingerprints taken many centuries ago. The ancient Babylonians pressed the tips of their fingerprints into clay to record business trade. The Chinese used ink on paper finger impressions for business. However, fingerprinting wasn't used as a method for identifying criminals until the 19th century.
In 1858, Sir Wil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )liam Herschel was working as an official of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor, India. In order to reduce fraud (诈骗), he had people living in the district record their fingerprints when signing business documents. A few years later, Scottish doctor Henry Faulds was working in Japan when he discovered fingerprints left by artists on ancient pieces of clay. This finding inspired him to begin investigating fingerprints. In 1880, Faulds wrote to his cousin, the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, and asked for help with developing a fingerprint classification system. Darwin refused, but sent the letter to his cousin, Sir Francis Gallon, who was an eugenicist (优生学家). Gallon began collecting fingerprints and eventually gathered some 8,000 different samples to analyze. In 1892, he published a book called Fingerprints, in which he outlined a fingerprint classification system — the first existence.
Around the same time, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Juan Vucetich, a police officer in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was developing his own version of a fingerprinting system. In 1892, Vucetich was called in to assist with the investigation of the two boys murdered in Necoche, a village near Buenos Aires. Their mother, Francisca Rojas, accused a neighbour named Velasquez. But when Vucetich compared the fingerprints found at the murder scene to those of both Velasquez and Rojas, they matched Rojas' exactly. She admitted her crime. This was the first time fingerprints had been used in a criminal investigation. Vucetich called his system comparative dactyloscopy (指纹鉴定法). It's still used in many Spanish speaking countries.
Sir Edward Henry, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in charge of the Metropolitan Police of London, soon became interested in using fingerprints to catch criminals. In 1896, he added to Gallon's technique, creating his own classification system, the Henry Classification System. It is the primary method of fingerprint classification throughout most of the world.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了指纹的发展历史。
1．Herschel had people record their fingerprints so as to ________.
A．develop a fingerprinting system
B．prevent illegal business
C．put them on pieces of clay
D．collect and study fingerprints
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“In order to reduce fraud (诈骗), he ... record their fingerprints when signing business documents.”可知，答案B符合文意。
2．The underlined word ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“they” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to “________”．
A．the fingerprints B．the two boys
C．the crimes D．the police officers
解析：选A　代词指代题。根据文章第三段第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )四句“But when Vucetich compared the fingerprints found at the murder scene to those of both Velasquez and Rojas”可知，此处的they代指的是“fingerprints found at the murder scene”。故答案A符合文意。
3．We can learn from the text that ________.
A．Faulds collected many fingerprints while in Japan
B．Henry's classification system is based on Gallon's
C．Darwin showed great interest in studying fingerprints
D．Vucetich's fingerprinting system is still used all over the world
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“In 1896, he added to Gallon's technique, creating his own classification system, the Henry Classification System.”可推知，答案B符合文意。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Different uses of fingerprints.
B．The history of fingerprinting.
C．Countries that first used fingerprints.
D．The way to collect and analyze fingerprints.
解析：选B　主旨大意题。根据对文章的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的是指纹发展历史，尤其介绍了指纹鉴定法的演变史。故答案B符合语境。
Ⅲ.任务型阅读
(2014·徐州高三质量检测)
The Nature of Stress
We are often faced wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th stressors that are outside of our control, from rare natural disasters to everyday traffic jams. There is a good deal of evidence that uncontrollable events are particularly stressful. This has been shown in studies of “executive rats”， in which two rats receive exactly the same electric shock, but one is given a lever that could be used to turn the shock off after it occurs. Over a long series of such trials, the partner rat, helpless to do anything about its pain, is more likely to develop ulcers (溃疡) than is the “executive”．
Stress is mos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tly caused by uncertain events. Uncertainty about an event makes it more disturbing. One study found that subjects who were told that they had a 5 percent chance of receiving an electric shock were actually more uneasy than those who were told that they had a 50 percent chance.
People make various at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tempts to deal with their stress removing the cause of the stress, seeking the support of friends or reinterpreting the situation to make it seem less unpleasant. Richard Lazarus and his colleagues have made a useful distinction between problem focused and emotion focused coping strategies (策略). Problem focused strategies are those aimed at doing something to change the problem causing the stress. Emotion focused strategies tend to regulate our distressing emotional responses.
Psychologists Susa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Folkman and Richard Lazarus examined undergraduate students' coping strategies at three time periods — two days before a midterm examination; a week later two days before the grades were announced; and five days after the grades were posted. Before the exam, students tended to use such problem focused strategies as studying — a guaranteed way to reduce the potential problems. After the exam, when their fates were sealed, if they sought out others, it was usually for emotional support.
Like other animals, hu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mans have always been safer in groups. Besides physical protection, people provide emotional support that can reduce the psychological and physiological symptoms of stress. A lack of support can increase our susceptibility to illness. For instance, short term loneliness is associated with a decrease in immune response. In contrast people who have strong social ties are usually more resistant to disease. For instance, after being diagnosed as having a life threatening disease, married people are likely to survive longer than unmarried people.
People may provide app ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raisal support, helping us to evaluate and clarify how serious a problem is. If a professor tells you that he had also failed his first college algebra exam, the consequences of your failure will seem less devastating. Others can also provide informational support, giving advice about how to deal with the problem. Finally, friends and relatives may give us instrumental support, providing material goods or services to overcome the stress. If your father lends you some money when your car breaks down, you can stop tearing your hair out and just fix it.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
答案：(1)What　(2)control ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )led　(3)uncertain　(4)Turn　(5)handle　(6)which/that　(7)lonely　(8)emotionally/mentally　(9)helps　(10)over
说明文体完形填空
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：
1 开头点题主体明确 做说明文型完形填空题时，要明确说 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )明的主体是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。
2 结构清晰特征显明 说明文的写作一般按时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，语言直白，写作脉络清晰。
[高考示例](2012·新课标全国卷)
Body language is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks __36__ than words.According to specialists, our bodies send out more __37__ than we realize.In fact, non verbal (非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really __38__.And body language is particularly __39__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed, what is called body language is so __40__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.__41__， different societies treat the __42__ between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having __43__ contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with __44__.People from Latin
American countrie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s, __45__， touch each other quite a lot.Therefore, it's possible that in __46__， it may look like a Latino is __47__ a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving __48__.The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep __49__ — which the Latino will in return regard as __50__.
Clearly, a great dea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l is going on when people __51__.And only a part of it is in the words themselves.And when parties are from __52__ cultures, there's a strong possibility of __53__.But whatever the situation, the best __54__ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be __55__.
————[读懂文章是关键]————
[把握大意]　本文主要讲述了身势语在交际中的重要性，并列举了一些相关的例子。
[理清脉络]　身势语在交际中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的重要性→跨文化交际时尤为重要→北欧和拉美人对待身势语的异同→拉丁人喜欢靠近以表示亲近→北欧人不喜欢身体接触→建议遵从交际的“黄金法则”。
[先自主尝试] [再比对样板]
36.A.straighter　B．louder C.harder D．further 着眼点：句组层次　方法：利用文章首句解题信息源：首句中的most powerful language。
37.A.sounds　　B．invitations C.feelings D．messages 着眼点：句组层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题信息源：文章开头两句的内容及空前的bodies和send out。
38.A.hope　　　B．receive C.discover D．mean 着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题信息源：由本句前半句可知答案。
39.A.immediate B.misleading C.important D．difficult 着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用生活常识解题信息源：根据常识，跨文化交流多有语言障碍，故身势语的作用便尤为重要。
40.A.well　　　 B．far C.much D．long 着眼点：句组层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题信息源：本段第四句。
41.A.For example B．Thus C.However D．In short 着眼点：句组层次　方法：利用逻辑关系解题信息源：for example用于举例说明。
42.A.trade　　　B．distance C.connections D．greetings 着眼点：句组层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题信息源：空后下一句。
43.A.eye　　　 B．verbal C.bodily D．telephone 着眼点：句组层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题信息源：下面几句所列举的例子。
44.A.strangers　B．relatives C.neighbours D．enemies 着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用反义词复现解题信息源：strangers与空前的friends形成对比。
45.A.in other words B.on the other hand C.in a similar way D.by all means 着眼点：句组层次　方法：利用逻辑关系解题信息源：上一句提到北欧人不喜欢身体接触，而本句提到拉美国家身体接触多。
46.A.trouble　 B．conversation C.silence D．experiment 着眼点：句内层次　方法：利用生活常识解题信息源：根据常识，身势语在交谈中才能体现出来。
47.A.disturbing B．helping C.guiding D．following 着眼点：句组层次　方法：利用上下文语境解题信息源：