2015《三维设计》高考英语（江苏专用）大一轮复习配套讲义：必修三Unit 2　Language（单词集释+短语集释+句型集释）

Unit 2　Language
　第二层级——背句子、学衔接，让作文字顺意畅
1．A terrible earthquake happened.
发生了一场可怕的地震。
2．It destroyed almost the whole school.
它几乎毁掉了整所学校。
3．Help has come from all parts of the country.
全国上下伸出援手。
4．Great changes have taken place in our school.
我们学校已发生了很大变化。
5．Well equipped teaching buildings have been built.
设施齐全的教学楼已经建起。
6．A new library has also been set up.
还盖了一座新图书馆。
7．The whole nation u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nites together in the face of difficulty and danger.
全国人民团结起来一起面对困难和危险。
8．Nothing can defeat us.
没有什么能击败我们。,1.用分词短语连接1、2句
A_terrible_earthquake_happened,_destroying_almost_the_whole_school.
2．用介词短语thanks to连接3、4句
Thanks_to_the_help_fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om_all_parts_of_the_country,_great_changes_have_taken_place_in_our_school.
3．用as well as连接5、6句
Well equipped_teachin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g_buildings_as_well_as_a_new_library_have_been_set_up.
4．连接7、8句，使其成为含only if 引导的条件状语从句的复合句
Only_if_the_w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hole_nation_unites_together_in_the_face_of_difficulty_and_danger,_nothing_can_defeat_us.
　　选用“for example, in addition, fortunately”过渡词语衔接成文。
A terrible earthqua ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke happened, destroying almost the whole school.Fortunately,_thanks to the help from all parts of the country, great changes have taken place in our school.For_example,_well equipped teaching buildings as well as a new library have been set up.In_addition,_new desks and chairs have been offered to us by a local company.Only if the whole nation unites together in the face of difficulty and danger, nothing can defeat us.
(Ⅰ)单词拼写
1．Raymond, sorry ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to interrupt (打扰) you, but I thought you'd want to know that your wife is waiting outside.
2．It's not the be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )auty so much as the range of his voice that distinguishes (区分) Hanks from other singers.
3．They feel that they ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )represent (代表) not only black students but all black people.
4．Do you thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k you can raise (招募) an army quickly enough to defend us against attack
5．When asked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) what he did in his spare time, George told me that it was reading that occupied (占用) most of his free time.
6．When the chain br ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oke, I replaced (替换) it with an old piece of rope until something more suitable could be found.
7．We all thought Be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n would defeat (打败) all the other competitors and win first place, but somehow he lost.
8．The system has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )been designed to give the user quick and easy access (使用) to the required information.
9．Let me see all the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) official (正式的) documents concerning the sale of this land.
10．Patience combined (结合) with diligence is necessary to success.
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Tracy will be ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king a public appearance (appear), signing copies of her latest novel.
2．Qualifications ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e important but practical (practice) experience is always an advantage.
3．At first I th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ought he was a bit shy, but I've come to the conclusion (conclude) that he's simply unfriendly!
4．If you think you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )can carry on drinking so much without damaging your health, then you're mistaken (mistake)．
5．I listened to his e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xcuse with a mixture (mix) of amusement and disbelief.
6．The open fie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lds around the city have now been entirely (entire) built in.
7．May I take your smile as an indication (indicate) of approval
8．All contribution ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(contribute), however small, will be greatly appreciated.
(Ⅲ)语境填词
1．He was concerned ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to hear that two of his essays concerning agriculture couldn't be published.(concern)
2．My most embarrassi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng moment was trying to introduce a woman whose name I couldn't remember and it also made the woman embarrassed.(embarrass)
3．My house is convenie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntly located just off the High Street. It's convenient for you to drop in. Please come at your convenience.(convenient)
1．The child was na ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )med_after (以……命名) its father, given its father's first name.
2．The company went_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )through (经历) a difficult economic period in the early 1990s, but managed to recover its financial strength with great effort.
3．The more acid you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )add_to (加到……) the bottle of water, the cloudier it becomes. Why not do an experiment to prove it
4．It was reported ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that Typhoon Fitow led_to (导致) serious floods in many parts of Zhejiang Province.
5．There are no tax ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is — it's a_waste_of_time_ (浪费时间) standing in the rain.
6．As_a_whole (总的来说), the weather has been fine this month.
7．The rest of the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urniture is_made_up_of/consists_of (由……组成) a bed, a table and four chairs, which are made of steel and wood.
8．The army too ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k_control_of (控制) the city after the president's fall from power, which left the whole country in a mess.
9．Joan looked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_up (查询) his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.
10．Aside_from (除……之外) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
【短语归纳】
1．add to　　　　　　　　　　　增加，增添
2．go through 经历，浏览，检查
3．name after 以……命名
4．a waste of time 浪费时间
5．aside from 除……之外
6．take control of 控制
7．lead to 导致
8．ought to 应该
9．stand for 代表，象征
10．look up 向上看；查询
11．as a whole 总体上看
12．be made up of/consist of 由……组成(构成)
1．That is why English ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
那就是为什么英语有那么多让人困惑的规则的原因。
[解读]　That is why “那就是为什么……”，why 引导表语从句。
[仿写]　在新浪微博上传播谣言，这就是为什么秦火火被捕的原因。
He spread rumors on Sina Weibo. That's_why Qin Huohuo was arrested.
2．After the Norman Con ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )quest, high class people spoke French while common people spoke English.
诺曼征服之后，上层阶级的人说法语，而普通人说英语。
[解读]　句中while是并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，却”。
[仿写]　她喜欢高富帅，然而他却不喜欢白富美。
She likes a ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll, rich and handsome guy while he doesn't like a white, rich and beautiful girl.
3．Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.
并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。
[解读]　not all“并不是所有的”，表示部分否定。
[仿写]　并不是所有的年轻人都喜欢相亲大会。
Not_all the young people like matchmaking event.
一、常考词汇细点拨
1．occupy vt.占领；占用(时间或空间)；使忙碌
[教材原句]　Then two ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Germanic groups from the European mainland — the Angles and the Saxons — occupied Britain.
然后，来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部落——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人——占领了不列颠。
①The house hasn't been occupied by anyone for a few months.
这房子已经几个月没有人居住了。
(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.
　　　　　　　　　　 忙于(做)某事
(2)occupied adj. 忙碌的；占用的
be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事
be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n. 占领；职业，工作
②I'm occupying myself in writing a novel.
我正忙于写小说。
③They were occupied i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n clearing up the business left over by the old board.
他们忙于料理前任委员们留下来的事务。
[熟词生义]　猜测句中occupy的含义
④He occupies an important position in the Ministry of Education.
A．担任　B．占用　C．使忙碌
答案：A
[联想归纳]　“忙于(做)某事”的其他表达还有：
①be busy with/(in)_doing sth.　②be engaged in sth.
③be employed in_doing sth.
2．replace vt.替换；代替；取代；把……放回原处
[教材原句]　However, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons' victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic.
然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语代替了凯尔特语。
①Your glasses may ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) someday replace your smartphone, and some New Yorkers are ready for the switch.(2013·福建高考阅读B)
将来有一天你的眼镜会取代智能手机，一些纽约人已为此改变做好了准备。
replace B with/by A　　　 以A代B
replace sb. as ... 取代某人而成为……
②It is generally ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) believed that teachers will never be replaced by computers in class.
人们普遍认为课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
③Mary replaced Susan as the school team's captain.
玛丽取代苏珊当了校队的队长。
[联想归纳]　表示“代替”的短语还有：
①substitute A for B
②take the place of sb.＝ take sb's place
③in place of　　④instead of
[链接高考]
(2011·安徽高考)—What do you think of store shopping in the future
—Personally, I thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k it will exist along with home shopping but ________.
A．will never replace　　　　 B．would never replace
C．will never be replaced D．would never be replaced
解析：选C　答话人认为商店购物将与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )家庭购物并存，但是永远不会被取代。it 与replace之间是被动关系，再结合本句的时态 will exist 可知，此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。
3．raise vt.抚养，养育，培养；饲养(家畜)；种植(作物)；提高，增加；举起；筹集(资金)；引起，使出现
[教材原句]　After the N ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orman Conquest, many English people worked as servants who raised animals.
在诺曼征服后，许多英格兰人沦为饲养动物的仆人。
[一词多义]　写出下列句中raise的含义
①But because succes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s is a moving target — as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again — the happiness that results from success does not last long.提高
②We have raised the coal output by using better mining methods.增加
③Both of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) parents work in order to earn enough money to raise their children.抚养，养育
④Rice is raised in the south, while wheat in the north.种植
⑤When I was in hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gh school, my mother raised geese to raise my tuition.饲养；筹集
⑥The way the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) research was carried out raises doubts about the results.引起
[辨析比较]　raise, rise, arise
试一试　选择以上单词填空
⑦The number of de ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aths arising from road accidents has been rising,_which raises people's concern about traffic safety. It is hoped that the government should take measures to solve such problems.
辨一辨
raise 及物动词 举起；提高；提出；饲养；养育；筹集；种植
rise 不及物动词 上升；起身
arise 不及物动词 出现；发生
[巧学助记]
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
[链接高考]
(2011·重庆高考)More ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced________people's concern over food safety.
A．to raise　　　　　　　 B．raising
C．to have raised D．having raised
解析：选A　句意：据政府官员说， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )将制作更多的电视节目来提高人们的食品安全意识。 to raise people's concern over food safety 是不定式短语作目的状语。
4．concern n．关心；关注；忧虑 vt.涉及；使担忧；
对……感兴趣
[教材原句]　King H ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enry VII was a poet who showed great concern for language.
亨利七世是个诗人，他对语言表现出极大的兴趣。
(1)concern for/about/over　　　　 对于……的担心
concern oneself with/in/about 关心；忙于；从事
(2)concerned adj. 有 关的；担心的
be concerned about/for/that/to do ...
担心……，担忧……
be concerned with/in 与……有关，涉及
so/as far as ... be concerned 就……而言
(3)concerning prep. 关于
①So far as the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.(2013·辽宁高考阅读C)
就大脑而言，工作8至12小时之后它仍和开始一样好、一样敏捷。
②They follow the rules ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), help out, and are concerned about the people they work with.(2013·江苏高考任务型阅读)
他们遵守规则，帮助别人克服困难，关心他们的同事。
③The film The Flowers of War is_concerned_with Anti Japanese war.
《金陵十三钗》是一部有关抗日战争的影片。
[名师指津]　concerned意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“关心的，挂念的”时充当前置定语；如果表示“有关的”，作定语要后置。如：a concerned father一位担心的父亲；all the people concerned所有相关的人员。
5．access vt.进入；接近；使用 n．[U]通道；机会，权利
[教材原句]　Today ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), the spread of ‘borrowed words’ is mostly due to the easily accessed Internet and television programmes from across the world.
今天，“借用词”的传播主要是因为容易获取信息的因特网和来自世界的电视节目。
①A study sug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gests that, by giving you access to emails at all times, the smartphone adds as much as two hours to your working day.
一项调查显示，智能手机能让你随时查收邮件，会让你每天的工作时间延长多达两个小时。
(1)have access to ... 能够使用/见到/享有……
have/get/gain/obtain access to
得以接近，得以进入
(2)accessible adj. 可接近的，可进入的；容易理解的；易相处的
be accessible to 容易得到的；可使用的；易相处的
②Our own generatio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n has_access_to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars.
我们这一代可享受到富有营养的食品、便捷的交通、宽大的房子和更好的小车。
③President Xi is accessible to the whole Chinese people.
习主席让全国人民感到平易近人。
6．represent vt.代表；展示；描绘；体现，陈述
[教材原句]　Then he had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects.
于是他想到可以用不同的形状来代表不同的物体。
①The president was represented at the ceremony by the vice president.
副总统代表总统出席了这次庆典。
(1)represent ... as ...　　　 把……描绘成……
represent oneself as ... 自称是……
represent sth.to sb. 向某人说明某事，向某人传达某事
(2)representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的
n. 代表，代理人
②It is said that he represented the plan as practical.
据说他声称该计划切实可行。
③Let me try to represent_my_ideas_to you in another way.
让我尽力用另一种方式向你陈述我的观点。
7．distinguish vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
[教材原句]　It is easy to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for ‘up’ and ‘down’， which are opposites of each other.
只要看它们的字形，就可以很容易区别他们的意思，比如汉字“上”和“下”，其字形恰好相反。
(1)distinguish A from B/between A and B
　　　　　　　 把A和B分开
distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同；使自己出名
(2)distinguished adj. 著名的，有尊严的
be distinguished for 以……而著名
①The twins were so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )much alike that it was impossible to distinguish one from the other.
这对双胞胎长得如此相像，使人无法分辨。
②He distinguished himself in British theatre at a very early age.
他早期就在英国戏剧方面出名。
③She is_distinguished_for her coolness and bravery in face of danger.
她以面对危险冷静、勇敢而出名。
8．convenient adj.便利的，方便的
[教材原句]　The whole system was not convenient for use.
整个系统不方便使用。
(1)It is/was convenient for sb. to do sth.
　　　　　 某人做某事方便
sth. is/was convenient for sth./sb.
某物对某人/某物来说是方便的
(2)convenience n．　　　　　 方便，便利
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为方便起见
for one's convenience 为方便某人
①Is it convenient for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you to help me book a hotel in the center of Sanya
你帮我在三亚市中心预订一家酒店方便吗？
②Keep your reference books near your desk for_convenience.
把参考书放在书桌旁用着方便。
③Would you telephone me at your convenience if you don't mind
如果你不介意，在方便的时候给我打电话好吗？
[名师指津]　convenient只能用物/事作主语或用it作形式主语，而不能用人作主语。
[一言串记]　I bought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) this apartment for its convenience, for it is very convenient for the bus stations and it has a lot of conveniences.
我买这栋公寓是因为方便，因为它离公交站牌很近，也有很多便利设施。
[链接高考]
(2012·天津高考)The se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cretary arranged a(n) ________ time and place for the applicants to have an interview.
A．important B．spare
C．public D．convenient
解析：选D　句意：秘书为参加面试的求职者安排了合适的时间和地点。convenient“便利的，方便的”，符合句意。
二、间考词汇自识记
1．ban v．禁止，取缔 n．禁令
ban sb. from (doing) sth. 禁止某人(做)某事
Charlie has been banned from driving for a year.
查理被禁止驾车一年。
2．conclusion n．结论；推论
①draw/reach/arrive at/come to a conclusion 得出结论
②in conclusion 最后；总之
I've come to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he conclusion that he's not the right person for the job.
我断定他不适合做这项工作。
3．differ vi.相异，有区别
①differ from sb./sth. in ... 在……方面与某人/某物不同
②differ with sb.about/on sth. 与某人在某事上有异议
I am sorry I differ with you about this question.
我很遗憾在这个问题上与你意见不一致。
[单词对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·皖南八校第三次联考)It i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man ________ the other animals.
A．with B．from
C．between D．among
解析：选B　句意：正是高超的智力和使用语言把人和其他动物区别开来。distinguish ...from ...“把……和……区分开”。
2．(2014·苏州实验中学模拟)—May I speak to Mr. Smith
—I am afraid not. He is at a meeting now. It's not ________.
A．reliable B．convenient
C．beneficial D．available
解析：选B　句意：“我可以和史密斯先生讲话 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )吗？”“恐怕不行，他现在正在开会。不太方便。”reliable“可靠的”；convenient“方便的”；beneficial“有益的”；available“可利用的，可得到的”。
3．(2014·南通第一中学摸底)Eatin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g too much fatty food and smoking can ________ your future risk of heart disease.
A．rise B．stop
C．move D．raise
解析：选D　句意：吃太多油腻的食物和吸烟会增加你未来患心脏病的风险。raise ...risk意为“增加……的风险”。
4．(2014·东北三省四市联 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考)Stephen was chosen to ________ the company at the conference.
A．express B．represent
C．expose D．relate
解析：选B　句意：Stephen被选出代表公 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )司参加会议。represent“代表(某人或团体等发言)”，符合语境。express“表达，陈述”；expose“揭发，揭露(事实、真相等)”；relate“把……联系起来，有关联；讲述”。
5．(2014·天一中学高 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三检测)I regret to inform you that your brother is just the one we'll get someone ________.
A．replace B．replacing
C．to replace D．replaced
解析：选C　句意：很抱歉通 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )知你，我们要找人替换的那个人就是你哥哥。由句意可知应选C项。get sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”。we'll get someone to replace是省略了that的定语从句。修饰限定先行词the one, that在从句中作replace的宾语。
Ⅱ.多维演练
题组1　access点点练
1．用access的适当形式填空
①Buchan succeeded ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in making a difficult subject accessible to readers.
②The computer can be accessed by a password.
③Citizens may have free access to public library.
2．(2014·镇江高三模拟)The o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld couple used to live deep in the countryside, without easy ________ to shops.
A．arrival B．access
C．transport D．convenience
解析：选B　句意：这对老夫妇过去住 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在偏远的乡村里，没有去商店的便捷通道。access“通路；通道”，符合语境。arrival“到达，抵达”；transport“交通运输”；convenience“方便”。
题组2　occupy多棱镜
1．句型转换(每空一词)
①We are occupying ourself with an experiment in the lab.
→We are occupied with an experiment in the lab.
②The workers are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )occupied in building new houses so they can't give you a hand now.
→Occupying the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mselves in building new houses, they can't give you a hand now.
→Occupied in building new houses, they can't give you a hand now.
2．(2014·承德质检)___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____ himself with routine tasks, he had no time to accompany his children.
A．Occupying B．Occupied
C．Being occupied D．To be occupied
解析：选A　句意：因忙于日常工作，他 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )没时间陪伴孩子。occupy oneself with ...“忙于某事”，he与occupy之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式作原因状语。
题组3　concern面面观
1．单句改错
①It is not your problem — don't concern yourself of it.of→with/about
②Concerned your le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tter, I am pleased to inform you that your plans are quite acceptable to us.Concerned→Concerning
③All the concerned students in the accident were taken to the police.
All_the_concerned_students→All_the_students_concerned
2．完成小片段
就高速公路免费政策而言，我们最关心的是交通堵塞，然而有些人关心的是交通安全。
④As far as the to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll free policy on the express way is_concerned,_what_concerns_us_most is the traffic jams while some are_concerned_about/for the safety.
3．(2014·湖北黄冈部分中学高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )调研)The concept of a data shadow has become a(n) ________ because it is difficult to control who is looking at a person's data shadow, what conclusions he is drawing and what actions he is taking based on those conclusions.
A．promise B．anxiety
C．worry D．concern
解析：选D　句意：阴影数据这个概念 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )引起关注，是因为谁在查看个人的阴影数据、他会从中得出什么结论以及基于那些结论他会采取何种行动都是难以控制的。concern“关注；担忧；重要的事情”，符合句意。
1．consist of 由……组成，由……构成
[高考佳句]　This ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc.(2013·天津高考阅读B)
这个群体包括鸟、蝙蝠、青蛙和蛇等。
　　　 由……组成
　make up 组成，构成，占
(2)consist in 存在于，在于
consist with 与……一致；符合
①Life mainly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggle.
生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。
②There are more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )than two million farmers, making_up two thirds of the total population of the province.
有二百多万农民，占这个省份总人口数的三分之二。
[名师指津]　consist of不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态。
2．stand for代表，象征
[教材原句]　The Chines ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds.
汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体或行为。
①Everyone likes roses, which stand for love.
每个人都喜欢玫瑰，因为它们代表爱情。
stand by　　　　　　 袖手旁观；支持
stand by sb. 支持/帮助/忠于某人
stand out 突出，显眼；出色，杰出
stand up for 支持，拥护，维护
②How can you stand_by and see him accused of something he didn't do
你怎么能眼睁睁看着他遭人诬陷而袖手旁观呢？
③Dorothy stands ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.(2013·湖南高考阅读B)
在我的记忆中Dorothy是她那偏远地区耀眼的“一朵花”。
3．lead to导致
[高考佳句]　You may wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.(2013·安徽高考)
你可能想知道为何铺砌一条会导致可使用淡水减少的道路。
lead to sth./someplace　　　 导致某事/通向某地
lead to sb./sb.'s doing sth. 导致某人做某事
lead sb. to sth.　　 使得出(观点)；引导某人……
lead sb. to do sth. 带领某人做某事；导致某人做某事
①All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。
②Too much work without enough rest often leads_to_illness.
过量的工作而没有足够的休息会引起疾病。
③His actions could lead to him/his losing his job.
他的行为可能导致他丢了工作。
[链接高考]
(2011·山东高考)Look ove ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r there — there's a very long, winding path______up to the house.
A．leading B．leads
C．led D．to lead
解析：选A　lead up to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 在此处意为“通向”，与path是逻辑上的主动关系。分析句子成分可知此处是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰path，相当于which leads up to。
[短语对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.选词填空
1．He picked_up French while he was staying in Paris.
2．Things in the world differ_from each other in a thousand ways.
3．Students a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re encouraged to take_control_of their own learning, rather than just depending on the teacher.
4．Modern science has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) given clear evidence that smoking can lead_to many diseases.
5．We must consider these matters as_a_whole,_which is important.
6．The medical team consists_of five doctors and ten nurses.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·合肥八中模拟)W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only ________ violence.
A．runs into B．comes from
C．leads to D．begins with
解析：选C　句意：我们坚决认为战 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )争不会解决任何事情，只会导致暴力。run into“撞上”；come from“来自”；lead to“导致”；begin with“以……开始”。
2．(2014·宿迁高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )模拟)As we all know, the English language ________ the grammar and vocabulary that people from different countries and cultures brought to Britain.
A．consists of B．is consisted of
C．makes up of D．makes up
解析：选A　句意：我们都知道， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )英语是由来自不同国家和文化的人们所带到英国的语法和词汇组成的。consist of“由……组成”，不用于被动语态，相当于be made up of；make up“组成”。故选A。
3．(2014·淮阴模拟)He ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r bright clothes always make her ________ in the crowd and you can recognize her easily.
A．stand by B．stand aside
C．stand for D．stand out
解析：选D　句意：她那鲜艳的衣服总 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是使她在人群中很显眼，你能很容易认出她来。stand out“突出，显眼”，符合句意。stand by“袖手旁观，支持”；stand aside“让开”；stand for“代表，象征”。
1. Not_all characters were developed from drawings of objects.
并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。
句中not all表示部分否定，也可以用all ...not表示。
(1)部分否定：all, both, e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )verybody, everything, always, complete, completely等代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。
①He said they we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re planting several seeds, not all of which would flower.
他说他们正在播下一些种子，但并非所有种子都能够开花。
②Not_everything that we need can be bought with money.
并非我们需要的一切都能用钱买到。
(2)全部否定：no one, non ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, neither, nobody, nothing以及not ...any (不可以说any ...not)等表示全部否定。
③He told me all the news, but none of it was very exciting.
他告诉了我所有的消息，但没有一件激动人心的。
2．While the students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be_of_practical_use.
虽然学生们觉得士兵的想法有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。
句中be of practical use是“be of＋名词”结构。
(1)“be of＋名词”结 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )构中的名词是抽象名词时，“of＋名词”相当于其名词所对应的形容词，说明被修饰的词具有某种特征或属性，常用的名词有：use, importance, help, value, benefit等。
①A harmonious family is of benefit to a child's personal development.
＝A harmonious family is_beneficial_to a child's personal development.
一个和谐的家庭对于孩子的个人成长是有益的。
(2)“be of＋名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”结构中的名词表示种类、数量、度量时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此时名词前通常带有冠词，常用名词有：age, colour, kind, type, shape, price, size, height, width, depth, length等。
②Birds usually only fly together with other birds of the same kind.
鸟通常只和其他同类的鸟一起飞翔。
(3)“be of＋名词”结构可以表示主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语的根源关系，此时名词多是表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍及出处的名词，常用的有：family, blood, race, origin等。
③Their language is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of unknown origin and can't be placed with any standard classification.
他们的语言起源不明，也无法根据任何通常分类来归类。
[句型对点集训]　　 　　　　　　　 　　　
Ⅰ.句型转换(每空一词)
1．This type of conversation is of great importance
→This type of conversation is very important.
2．Not everything that is best for nature is good for people.
→Everything that is best for nature is not good for people.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·苏州模拟)The gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owth of GDP in China will be largely slowed down in the next few years ________ it mainly relies on the exploration of the resources available.
A．except that B．in that
C．thanks to D．due to
解析：选B　句意：在今后的几年中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，中国的GDP增长会大大减慢，因为它主要依靠可用资源的开发。in that“因为，由于”，符合题意。expect that“除……之外”；due to与thanks to都表示原因，但to为介词，后不能跟从句。
2．(2014·安徽名校联 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考)I haven't read ________ of his books, but judging from the one I have read, I think he's a very promising writer.
A．any B．none
C．both D．either
解析：选C　句意：我没有全部读完他 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的两本书，但从我读的那本来看，我认为他是一位很有前途的作家。not ...both“两者不都是”，表示部分否定，符合句意。not ...any全部否定(三者或三者以上)；not ...either也表示全部否定(用于两者)；而not ...none双重否定表肯定。
名词性从句(Ⅱ)和形式主语it
1．(2014·姜堰中学教学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )质量检测)We are thinking about ________ can be admitted into our club. The number of members is limited.
A．who B．what
C．which D．whether
解析：选A　句意：我们正在考虑谁会被允 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )许加入我们的俱乐部。会员名额有限。分析句子成分可知，空后内容为宾语从句，引导词在宾语从句中作主语，且指人，故应用who。
2．(2014·安徽马鞍山两校联考)Chi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )na is developing fast. That's ________ I think those of my colleagues who deal with Chinese affairs should visit China.
A．because B．why
C．when D．how
解析：选B　句意：中国在飞速发展，那是我认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国的原因。引导词在表语从句中作原因状语，故选B。
3．(2014·常州高级 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中学检测)The doctor thought ________ would be good for you to have a holiday.
A．this B．that
C．one D．it
解析：选D　句意：医生认为度假对你有好处。不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定式短语“to have a holiday” 在宾语从句中作真正的主语，it作形式主语，故选D。
4．(2014·江西南昌一模) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )It hasn't been made clear ________ the new underground line is to be open to traffic.
A．when B．that
C．what D．where
解析：选A　句意：新的地铁线路何时开放还不清楚。句中it是形式主语，空处引导的是主语从句。根据句意可知选when。
5．(2014·盐城高三模拟)After ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a day's exhausting climb we arrived at ________ we had been told was “Garden in the Air”．
A．what B．which
C．that D．where
解析：选A　句意：经过一天筋疲力 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )尽的攀登，我们到达了被告知是“空中花园”的那个地方。此处为what引导宾语从句，作arrived at的宾语。
A卷
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·成都高三模 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )拟)Most of the people in this village have free access ________ clean drinking water.
A．with　　　　　　　　　　 B．for
C．by D．to
解析：选D　句意：这个村的大多数人能够喝上干净的饮用水。have access to意为“使用，可以利用”。
2．(2014·江苏启东中学模拟)H ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e is one of my previous students and always comes to see me whenever ________.
A．he is convenient B．he will be convenient
C．it is convenient to him D．it will be convenient to him
解析：选C　句意：他是我以前 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的一个学生，无论什么时候只要他方便，他就会来看我。在时间状语从句中用现在时表示将来，排除B、D两项；另外convenient作表语时不用“人”作主语。
3．(2014·南通模拟)The new policy leads to no cigarettes ________ on TV.
A．advertised B．to be advertised
C．being advertised D．be advertised for
解析：选C　句意：新的政策导致电视上不做香 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )烟广告。lead to中to是介词，后面要接动词 ing形式，no cigarettes是advertise的逻辑主语，它们之间存在被动关系，故选C。
4．________ abo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
A．Concerning B．Concern
C．Concerned D．To concern
解析：选C　句意：因为担心这个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生，老师打电话给他的家长想查明他经常逃课的原因。be concerned about“担心……”，此处应用过去分词形式作状语。
5．(2014·合肥八中检测)On ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Monday morning, while the sun was ________ in the east, we watched the national flag ________ to the top of the pole.
A．raising; raise B．rising; being raised
C．raising; rise D．rising; being risen
解析：选B　rise是不及物动词不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用于被动语态，首先排除D；raise是及物动词，故第一个空只能用rising构成过去进行时，所以可排除A、C两项。语境表示“看到国旗被升起”，故B项正确。
6．(2014·常州一检)Everyone ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) wants to live in a beautiful, comfortable and livable place, but not ________ know where it is.
A．all B．some
C．either D．both
解析：选A　句意：每个人都想要生活 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在一个美丽的、舒适的和宜居的地方，但并不是所有人都知道这样的地方在哪里。根据but可知，此处表转折，故应选与not构成部分否定的代词，排除B、C两项；由前面的everyone可知应选A。
7．(2014·南京高三检测)Cana ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )da is a country ________ many different nationalities as well as one with foreign immigrants ________ the majority of its population.
A．consisting of; making up
B．being composed of; occupied
C．made up of; consisted of
D．consisted of; taking up
解析：选A　分析句子结构可知，两 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )空均作前面名词的定语。consist of“由……组成”不用于被动语态，排除C、D两项；be composed of/be made up of“由……组成”，做定语时，应去掉be，故选A。
8．(2014·苏、锡、常、镇四市调研)—How was the journey
—Tiring! All the seats in the train ________. I stood all the way.
A．were occupied B．would be occupied
C．would occupy D．had occupied
解析：选A　句意：“旅途怎样？”“好 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )累！座位满满的。我一直站着。”根据语境可知，所有的座位被占了，应用被动语态，故排除C、D两项；此处表示发生在过去的事实， 故选A。
9．(2014·安庆一中高 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三模拟)This type of MP4 sells well. ________ any problems occur within 5 days after purchase, we ________ it with a new one.
A．Should; would replace
B．Had; replaced
C．Were; would replace
D．Were; would have replaced
解析：选A　此处描述将来不太可能发生的事，故 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )条件状语从句和主句要用虚拟语气。结合选项可知，此题省略了连词if, 应把should提到句首，故选A。
10．(2014·皖南八校联考)A p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ositive attitude, ________ with willingness to seek appropriate help and exercising solid study habits, will do much to determine how well you do in your studies.
A．concluded B．combined
C．conducted D．connected
解析：选B　句意：积极的态度、乐于寻求适当 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的帮助以及运用可靠的学习习惯对于决定你的学习状况将会很有用。combine ...with ...“把……与……结合起来”，符合句意及用法。
11．(2014·湖南四县市调研)All o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f a sudden, he stood directly，________ his ideas to the people present at the meeting.
A．to represent B．representing
C．represented D．represent
解析：选B　句意：他突然直接站着向出席会议的人陈述自己的观点。因he与represent“陈述”是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
12．(2014·福建高三质检)As ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is known to all, the term “Lei Feng” ________ anyone who is selfless, or anyone who is ready to help others in China.
A．focuses on B．stands for
C．results from D．turns to
解析：选B　focus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on“(使)集中于”；stand for“代表，象征”；result from“起因于”；turn to“转向，求助于”。根据语境可知应选B。
13．(2014·连云港高三模拟)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e public has no idea whether this is only happening in this country, or whether it's happening in the world ________.
A．as a result B．as a whole
C．as a matter of fact D．as a rule
解析：选B　句意：公众不知道 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )只是这个国家如此呢，还是整个世界都这样。as a result“结果”；as a whole“作为整体”；as a matter of fact“事实上”；as a rule“一般说来”。
14．(2014·安徽明 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )光三校联考)We have come to the conclusion ________ the company has been making great progress these months.
A．which B．that
C．as D．what
解析：选B　句意：我们得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )出这么一个结论，公司这几个月进步很大。________the company has been making great progress these months为同位语从句，说明conclusion的内容，且引导词在从句中不作成分，故用that。
15．(2014·徐州高三质量预测)—Dad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dy, how do you like it if I buy a wallet for my mom's birthday
—________.
A．Don't bother B．That all depends
C．It couldn't be better D．It's a good deal
解析：选C　句意：“爸爸，如果我为妈妈的生日买一个钱包，你觉得怎么样？”“那再好不过了。”
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2014·淮北质量检查)As a l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anguage student there are several reasons why learning about cultural aspects is important and fun. One is interest. Knowing about the way people behave makes your reading more interesting. Another reason is usefulness.
If you are going to ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve a conversation with native speakers of a language you learn, you need to know the sort of topics that interest them once you get past “Hello”. You need to know something about their favorite sports, the current (现时的) government of the country where the language is spoken, current fashions in clothes and outstanding national events in recent times, to mention a few. Showing that you know something about their country can lead to interesting conversations.
The way peopl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e think is closely connected with language. Languages are one channel through which different cultures present their ideas both within themselves and in contact with others. The fact that a language does not have the same range of words as another language does not mean that they do not value those things as much.
Whether or no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t your main intention to learn a language is to learn about people's cultural backgrounds or to deal with a degree course, you will be learning about it indirectly from various sources about culture like the coursebooks, films, the news, literature or even travel brochures (手册). You could make a long list just by thinking of all the things that are important to the culture such as customs that go back centuries, architecture, traditional ceremonies, the way people relate to each other in families, the value that are important to a society, the sense of humour that people share, movies, music and art. All these cultural aspects are important to language learners if they want to get a better understanding of the language itself.
语篇解读：本文分析了为什么对于学语言的学生而言，学习这种语言的文化是非常重要的。
1．Which of the followi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng contributes to a conversation with native speakers
A．Greeting them by saying “Hello”．
B．Talking about their religious beliefs.
C．Telling them about your favorite sports.
D．Mentioning interesting topics in their culture.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可推知，谈论他们文化中的一些有趣的话题有助于你与当地人交流。
2．What role does a language play in the culture
A．It offers the same range of words as another language.
B．It is a channel through which people present their ideas.
C．It values people's ideas and thoughts to a certain degree.
D．It deals with the relationship between thoughts and language.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Languages are one channel through which different cultures present their ideas both within themselves and in contact with others.”可知，选B项。
3．The last paragraph mainly deals with ________.
A．people's main purpose to learn a foreign language
B．the importance to learn about cultural backgrounds
C．different cultural sources and main cultural aspects
D．how people think and what is valued by a society
解析：选C　段落大意题。最后一段共有三句话 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：第一句列举了几种间接了解所学语言的文化的资源；第二句列举了所学语言的文化中一些重要的方面；第三句是对第二句的总结。故C项是该段的大意。
4．What might be the best title for this passage
A．What is a culture about
B．Why do we learn culture
C．What to learn in a culture
D．How to learn about culture
解析：选B　标题归纳题。根据文章的中心句“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )As a language student there are several reasons why learning about cultural aspects is important and fun.”可知，应选B项。
B
(2013·江苏南通五市高三第三次调研)
Carrier Pigeons
People have used p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )igeons to carry messages to one another for hundreds of years. In fact, pigeons were a common way to send messages right up through World War Ⅱ.
In 1815 an English ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) banker named Nathan Rothschild made his fortune by relying on messages sent to him by carrier pigeons. English troops were fighting Napoleon's forces in France, and the English were believed to be losing. A financial panic gripped London. Government bonds were offered at low prices. Few people noticed that Rothschild was snapping_up these bonds when everyone else was desperately trying to sell them. A few days later, London learned the truth; the Duke of Wellington had defeated Napoleon at the battle of Waterloo. The value of the bonds went up, and Rothschild became extremely wealthy — all because his pigeons had brought him news of the victory before anyone else knew of it.
Most of the t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ime, however, carrier pigeons were used to benefit an entire country, not just one individual. The United States, England, France, Germany, and Italy, in both World War Ⅰ and World War Ⅱ， used carrier pigeons. Not only were the birds often the fastest, most reliable way to send messages, they could also be used to reach soldiers far behind enemy lines, where radios and field telephone lines were useless. Since they could easily be released from airplanes or ships, every branch of the armed services used the birds. In World War Ⅱ， more than 3,000 soldiers and 150 officers were needed to care for and train the tens of thousands of birds in the US Pigeon Service.
Carrying messages c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould be a dangerous job. Some pigeons performed with such bravery that they became famous and were even awarded medals, such as England's Dicken Medal of Gallantry. In a few cases, pigeons even became prisoners of war. In 1918 American forces captured a pigeon named The Kaiser, which had been trained to fly special missions for Germany during battle. He was taken to America, where he lived to the age of 32.
The most famous pigeo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n of all may have been Cher Ami. Stationed in France during World War Ⅰ， he carried twelve important messages for American forces. On his last mission, though wounded, he carried a message that saved the lives of 194 American soldiers. For his extraordinary service, he was awarded the French “Croix de Guerre”．
Carrier pigeons are a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) slightly different breed from the kind of pigeon you see on city streets. They are much thinner and taller, with longer legs. Many people find carrier pigeons ugly because of their big wattle, a knobby buildup of skin on the beak; however, people who raise pigeons often enjoy this odd appearance and consider carriers the best of their breeds.
Today, modern commu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nication methods can carry information from one place to another hundreds of times faster than a pigeon could do it. However, few people would argue with the fact that carrier pigeons — especially those that served in the military (军队) — have earned their place in history. Stories about brave pigeons such as Cher Ami, President Wilson, and Colonel's Lady have the power to inspire us as no fax machine or high speed Internet connection could ever do.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了在过去没有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )其他更方便快捷的通讯方式的情况下，信鸽起到的巨大作用。比如，两次世界大战期间，信鸽成为传递信息的主要途径。另外，文章还列举了几个著名的信鸽的事迹。
5．The author provide ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s specific dates throughout the passage in order to ________.
A．make a comparison between pigeons in different periods
B．describe the development of use of pigeons during wartime
C．indicate greater importance of pigeons in the past than now
D．show the impact of carrier pigeons at particular points in history
解析：选D　推理判断题。文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章里列举了一些具体时段里信鸽起到的重要作用，比如1815年时Rothschild利用信鸽提供的信息变成富翁、第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间信鸽传递信息救助士兵等。由此可推知，D项正确。
6．The underline ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d phrase “snapping up” in Paragraph 2 means “________”．
A．giving away B．putting aside
C．getting in D．using up
解析：选C　词义猜测题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二段讲述的是英法战争期间，多数人认为英国要失败了，因此政府债券价格大跌，很多人绝望地抛售政府债券，而Rothschild偷偷地收购这些债券。snap up意为“抢购”，只有C项有“购进”的意思。
7．The passage leads us to believe that ________.
A．there were more civi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l carrier pigeons than military ones during wartime
B．not all types ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of pigeon can be used to carry messages for human beings
C．nobody could succ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eed in stopping carrier pigeons carrying out their tasks
D．modern devices ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) give us even greater enthusiasm than the famous pigeons
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第六段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一句“Carrier pigeons are a slightly different breed from the kind of pigeon you see on city streets.”可知，信鸽和普通的鸽子是不同的。由此可以推断出，不是所有的鸽子都可以作为信鸽的。故答案选B。
8．The passage sugge ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sts the successful use of carrier pigeons depends on ________.
A．their nature B．proper training
C．their quality D．the geography
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一句“In World War Ⅱ ... US Pigeon Service.”可知，二战期间，美国有关机构有3 000多名士兵和150多名官员专门负责照顾和培训信鸽用来为战争服务。由此可以推断出，信鸽需要专业训练才能更好地传递信息。故答案选B。
B卷
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2014·泰州统一检测)La ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nguage is so magical a thing that sometimes effective words can make a big difference. Here is a simple story that __1__ the power of our language. My roommate Maria began to hunt for a job when she was in senior 4 and shortly after that, she got an important __2__. On account of the financial crisis, the competition was __3__， but she said, “__4__ I try, there will always be hope.” Luckily, she __5__ the first two rounds and entered the final interview. There were only three people left. The interview was very __6__， during which the interviewer only __7__ with them for a while. The interviewer said to them, “All of you are very excellent. Please go home and wait for our __8__！”
A week later, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Maria received a message from the company, saying that she had not been __9__ a job, Maria felt deeply __10__. But later in the evening, she excitedly informed me that she had received another message, reading that she had been __11__ by the company. __12__， the first message sent to her was also part of the __13__ in the interview. The three applicants received the same message, but only Maria's reply __14__ the company, so she was given the job. I asked her, “How did all of you reply？” She said, “One did not reply, the other said ‘goodbye’， and I said ‘thank you’．”
Only then did I know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that Maria's __15__ came in that way. That is, when you feel disappointed, do not __16__ to say “thank you” to the one who disappoints you. Actually, it is a piece of cake to say “thank you”. But it is whether you are __17__ to say it in a peaceful and grateful manner __18__ does matter. Saying “thank you” shows __19__ for others' work and shows your grand generosity. Thus, while under the same condition, you may get more __20__ compared to others!
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己的舍友Maria求职的经历，说明了恰当有效地使用语言的重要性。
1．A.indicates　　　　　　　　 B．accounts
C．reflects D．deserves
解析：选C　句意：语言是如此有魔力，以至于 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有时候恰当有效的语言会使结果大不相同。(我要讲的)这个简单的故事就“反映(体现)”了语言的力量。A项意为“表明，暗示”；B项意为“认为是，视为”；C项意为“反映，体现”；D项意为“值得”。根据语意语境可知，答案选C。
2．A.appointment B．interview
C．message D．notice
解析：选B　句意：我的舍友Maria在大 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )四的时候开始找工作，不久她就得到了一个重要的“面试”机会。A项意为“任命，约会”；B项意为“采访，面试”；C项意为“信息，留言”；D项意为“布告，通知”。根据语意及下文中的“The interview was very ________，during which ...”可知，答案选B。
3．A.tight B．close
C．potential D．fierce
解析：选D　句意：由于金融危 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )机，求职的竞争变得很“激烈”。A项意为“紧的，紧凑的，密集的”；B项意为“紧密的，亲密的”；C项意为“潜在的，可能的”；D项意为“激烈的，凶猛的”。根据下文中的“There were only three people left.”可知，求职竞争是很激烈的。故答案选D。
4．A.As long as B．Even though
C．In case D．If only
解析：选A　句意：但她说 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：“只要我尝试，就会有希望。”A项意为“只要，如果”；B项意为“尽管，即使”；C项意为“万一”；D项意为“要是……就好了”。根据语境可知，答案选A。
5．A.passed B．tried
C．considered D．beat
解析：选A　句意：幸运的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是，她“通过”了前两轮面试，进入最终的面试阶段。A项意为“通过”；B项意为“尝试”；C项意为“考虑，认为”；D项意为“打败”。根据下文中的“entered the final interview”可知，她通过了前两轮的面试。故答案选A。
6．A.interesting B．simple
C．satisfactory D．difficult
解析：选B　句意：进入最终面试的只有三个人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。面试的内容也很“简单”，就是坐下来和负责面试的人员“谈会儿话”。A项意为“有趣的”；B项意为“简单的”；C项意为“令人满意的”；D项意为“困难的”。根据下文中的“only ________ with them for a while”可知，面试内容很简单，故答案选B。
7．A.consulted B．played
C．argued D．chatted
解析：选D　A项意为“咨询，询问”；B项意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为“玩耍”；C项意为“争论”；D项意为“谈话，聊天”。根据语境可知，面试者与应聘者之间最有可能进行的应该是聊天，而不是其他三项，故答案选D。
8．A.order B．requirement
C．response D．demand
解析：选C　句意：负责面试的人对 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )她们说：“你们都很优秀。请回家等候我们的消息吧！”A项意为“命令”；B、D两项均意为“要求”；C项意为“答复，回复”。根据下文中的“Maria received a message from the company”可知，答案选C。
9．A.offered B．arranged
C．left D．awarded
解析：选A　句意：一周后，Maria收到了 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )公司的消息，告诉她她没被录用(没有被公司“提供”那份工作)。A项意为“提供”；B项意为“安排”；C项意为“留下，离开”；D项意为“奖励”。故答案选A。
10．A.defeated B．worried
C．embarrassed D．disappointed
解析：选D　句意：Maria感到非常“失 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )望”。A项意为“被打败的”；B项意为“担心的”；C项意为“尴尬的”；D项意为“失望的”。根据上文中的“She had not been ________ a job”可知，答案选D。
11．A.trusted B．employed
C．discussed D．allowed
解析：选B　句意：但到了晚上，她又兴奋 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )地告诉我，她收到了公司发来的她被“录用”的信息。A项意为“信任”；B项意为“雇用，录用”；C项意为“讨论”；D项意为“允许”。结合Maria求职的语境并联系上文中的“She excitedly informed me”可知，答案选B。
12．A.Eventually B．Exactly
C．Actually D．Possibly
解析：选C　句意：“事实上”，给她发来的第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一条信息也是面试内容的一部分。A项意为“最终”；B项意为“恰好地，正是”；C项意为“实际上，事实上”；D项意为“可能，或许”。根据语意可知，答案选C。
13．A.competition B．test
C．experiment D．experience
解析：选B　A项意为“竞争”；B项意为“测试，测验”，此处指面试内容；C项意为“实验”；D项意为“经历，经验”。根据语意可知，答案选B。
14．A.surprised B．answered
C．benefited D．satisfied
解析：选D　句意：三名求职者都 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )收到了同样的信息，但只有Maria的回复令公司“满意”。与下文中的“so she was given the job”相照应，故应用“satisfy(使满意)”一词。故答案选D。
15．A.job B．confidence
C．intelligence D．fate
解析：选A　句意：(只有到了)那 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时我才知道Maria是这样得到“工作”的。A项意为“工作”；B项意为“信心”；C项意为“智力”；D项意为“命运”。根据语意可知，答案选A。
16．A.forget B．pretend
C．regret D．intend
解析：选A　句意：那就是，当你失望的时候，不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要“忘记”对那些让你失望的人说声“谢谢”。A项意为“忘记”；B项意为“假装”；C项意为“遗憾，后悔”；D项意为“打算，想要”。根据语意及下文内容可知，答案选A。
17．A.prepared B．anxious
C．eager D．willing
解析：选D　句意：实际上，说声感谢 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是很容易的一件事。但你是否愿意以一种平静且充满真诚的方式去说出它却关系重大。be willing to意为“乐意，愿意”，符合语意语境。故答案选D。
18．A.which B．what
C．that D．who
解析：选C　分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，强调的是whether引导的主语从句。强调句型的结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。故答案选C。
19．A.respect B．appreciation
C．sympathy D．patience
解析：选A　句意：道一声感谢表明了你对他人工 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作的“尊重”，也表明了你的大度。A项意为“尊重，尊敬”；B项意为“感激，欣赏”；C项意为“同情，怜悯”；D项意为“耐心”。根据语意语境可知，答案选A。
20．A.presents B．chances
C．thanks D．concerns
解析：选B　句意：这样，在同等的条件下， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )相比其他人而言，你就得到了更多的机会。A项意为“礼物”；B项意为“机会”；C项意为“感谢”；D项意为“关心，关注”。与第一段第一句中的“words can make a big difference”相照应。故答案选B。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2014·湖南师大附中模拟)The iPh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one, the iPad, each of Apple's products sounds cool and has become a fad (一时的风尚). Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter “i” — and many other brands are following suit. The BBC's iPlayer — which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet — adopted the title in 2008. A lovely bear — popular in the US and UK — that plays music and video is called “iTeddy”. A slimmed down version of London's Independent newspaper was launched last week under the name “i”．
In general, single le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tter prefixes have been popular since the 1990s, when terms such as e mail and e commerce first came into use.
Most “i” prod ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ucts are targeted at young people and considering the major readers of Independent's “i”， it's no surprise that they've selected this fashionable name.
But it's hard to see w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat's so special about the letter “i”. Why not use “a”，“b”， or “c” instead According to Tony Thorne, head of the Language Center at King's College, London, “i” works because its meaning has become ambiguous. When Apple uses “i”， no one knows whether it means Internet, information, individual or interactive, Thorne told BBC Magazines. “Even when Apple created the iPad, it seems it didn't have one clear definition，” he says.
“However, thanks t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o Apple, the term is now associated with portability (轻便)．” adds Thorne.
Clearly the letter “i” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) also agrees with the idea that the Western World is centered on the individual. Each person believes they have their own needs, and we love personalized products for this reason.
Along with “Google” an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d “blog”， readers of BBC Magazines voted “i” as one of the top 20 words that have come to define the last decade.
But as history shows, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) people grow tired of fads. From the 1900s to 1990s, products with “2000” in their names became fashionable as the year was associated with all things advanced and modern. However, as we entered the new century, the trend inevitably disappeared.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如今 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，名字以“i”开头的产品成为当下的风尚。虽然对于字母“i”的意义人们不是很明确，但“i”已经成为过去的10年里最热的20个词之一。
1．People use iPlayer to ________.
A．listen to music B．make a call
C．watch TV programs online D．read newspapers
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一段第三句“The BBC's iPlayer — which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet — adopted the title in 2008.”可知，答案C符合文意。
2．We can infer that the Independent's “i” is aimed at ________.
A．young readers B．old readers
C．fashionable women D．engineers
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据对文章第三段的整体理解可知，以名字“i”开头的产品目标群体主要是年轻人，故答案A符合文意。
3．The underlined word “ambiguous” in Paragraph 4 means “________”．
A．popular B．uncertain
C．definite D．unique
解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )四段最后两句“When Apple uses ‘i’， no one knows whether it means Internet, information, individual or interactive, Thorne told BBC Magazines. ‘Even when Apple created the iPad, it seems it didn't have one clear definition，’ he says.”可推知，此处ambiguous相当于not clear模棱两可的，故答案B符合文意。
4．Nowadays, the “i” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )term often reminds people of the products which are ________.
A．portable B．environmentally friendly
C．advanced D．recyclable
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，人们将名字以“i”开头的产品与“portability”联系在一起。故答案A符合文意。
5．The writer suggests that ________.
A．“i” products are often of high quality
B．iTeddy is a live bear
C．the letter “b” replaces letter “i” to name the products
D．the popularity of “i” products may not last long
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章第一段第一句“The iPhone, the iPad, each of Apple's products sounds cool and has become a fad (一时的风尚)．”和最后一段第一句“But as history shows, people grow tired of fads.”可推知，以名字“i”开头的产品的流行趋势不会持续很久。故答案D正确。
Ⅲ.书面表达(2014·苏北三市二调)近 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )日，一则中学生上学途中刮擦私家车后主动留下联系方式的新闻引起了社会对于诚信问题的热议。请根据右面这幅漫画用英语写一篇短文。短文内容应该包括以下三个方面：
1．简述这幅漫画的内容；
2．分析这幅漫画反映的问题；
3．结合自身实际，谈谈你的感想。
注意：
1．可参照漫画所给提示，适当发挥；
2．词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数；
3．作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
As is shown in the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icture，________________________________________________
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参考范文：
As is shown in the pi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cture, standing beside a bike is a boy with a piece of paper in his hand. He wants to leave a note to the owner of the car to apologize for his scratching the car.
This picture vividly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) reflects a phenomenon where our society is in bad needs of honesty. Nowadays, people, troubled with masses of dishonest behaviors, are unwilling to trust others, which causes disagreements and conflicts. Luckily, it has aroused wide public concern and firm steps have been taken to end this unhealthy trend.
On my note, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) boy has set a good example to the public, for which he should be highly praised. After all, considered as a virtue, honesty deserves our admiration and is also what we need to deal with troubles in life and create a harmonious society. As a saying goes, “Honesty is the best policy.”