阅读理解+说明文+议论文-天津市2023年高考英语一模、二模试题分项汇编（原卷版及解析版）

阅读理解+说明文+议论文-天津市2023年高考英语一模、二模试题分项汇编
专题05 阅读理解 说明文 议论文
二模汇编
Passage 1
（2023·天津和平·统考二模）A new project aims to create a computer replica (复制品) of an entire city. It will allow experts to perform real-time resilience (适应力) testing to see how is infrastructure (基础设施) will perform in the face of challenges such as climate change and population growth.
Known as the “digital twin”, the technology has already been adopted by Formula One teams and engine makers like Rolls Royce, but its use to this degree didn’t exist.
A partnership between Newcastle University and Northumbrian Water will recreate Newcastle based on data from across the city and test its resilience in possible emergencies. Professor Chris Kilsby said, “You can try lots of things with the twin in the case of a city. I think of it as a replica that you can play with and do unimaginable things to see what would happen. The changes can be seen immediately — from observing what would happen if the river Tyne rises by a few meters to what the city would look like if the population has aged over a certain period of time. It could also be used to model human behavior, for example, determining the most likely roads people would use in the event of a food.”
Newcastle University is working on a data platform with lots of dynamic parts like traffic, water, population, etc. Much of the data is coming from the university’s Urban Observatory project, which has monitors all over the city checking pollution, water quality and biodiversity.
In 2012 an event known locally as the “Toon monsoon ” took place, with a month’s worth of rain falling in two hours during the evening rush hour, causing 8 m worth of damage. The Toon monsoon caused a breakdown to the city because we just didn’t design anything for that sort of event. There was no one to blame. The city just couldn’t resist the heavy rain.
The digital twin will allow the city not only to react in real time to such strange weather events, but also to test its resilience in endless potential future emergencies.
Chris Jones, research and development manager at Northumbrian Water, imagined the project’s “amazing possibilities”, saying that in time it could be applied to any city with accessible data.
1．What do we know about the “digital twin” from the first two paragraphs
A．It is not new to us. B．It is a computer system.
C．It predicts extreme weather. D．It has met with many challenges.
2．What are Professor Chris Kilsby’s words mainly about
A．The development of the digital twin. B．People’s test of possible emergencies.
C．The many functions of the digital twin. D．The numerous changes in the environment.
3．What will Newcastle University do in the project according to the passage
A．Offering big data about the city. B．Advocating the new technology.
C．Making up the loss caused by flood. D．Working out plans for future emergencies.
4．Why is the “Toon monsoon” mentioned here
A．To draw people’s attention to the terrible loss of the city.
B．To warn people of the potential harm of heavy rain.
C．To indicate the new project’s significance.
D．To show the digital twin’s weakness.
5．What is Chris Jones’ attitude towards the “digital twin”
A．Cautious. B．Opposed. C．Neutral. D．Supportive.
Passage 2
（2023·天津和平·统考二模）Scientists who study happiness know that being kind to others can improve well-being. Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can boost a person’s mood, for example. Everyday life affords many opportunities for such actions, yet people do not always take advantage of them.
In studies published online in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, a behavioral scientist and I examined a possible explanation: people who perform random acts of kindness underestimate how much recipients value their behavior.
In one experiment, participants at an ice-skating rink in a public park gave away hot chocolate on a cold winter’s day. Although the people giving out the hot chocolate saw the act as relatively insignificant, it really mattered to the recipients. Our research also revealed one reason that people may underestimate their action’s impact. When we asked one set of participants to estimate how much someone would like getting a cupcake simply, for participating in a study, for example, their predictions were well calibrated (校准) with recipients’ reactions. But when people received cupcakes through a random act of kindness, the cupcake givers underestimated how positive their recipients would feel. Recipients of these unexpected actions tend to focus more on warmth than performers do.
Missing the importance of warmth may stand in the way of being kinder in daily life. People know that cupcakes given in kindness can make them feel surprisingly good. If people undervalue this effect, they might not bother to carry out these warm, prosocial behaviors (亲社会行为).
And kindness can be contagious (传染的). In another experiment, we had people play an economic game that allowed us to examine what are sometimes called “pay it forward” effects. In this game, participants allocated money between themselves and a person whom they would never meet. People who had just been on the receiving end of a kind act gave substantially more to an anonymous (无名的) person than those who had not. The person who performed the initial act did not recognize that their generosity would spill over in these downstream interactions.
These findings suggest that what might seem small when we are deciding whether or not to do something nice for someone else could matter a great deal to the person we do it for. Given that these warm gestures can enhance our own mood and brighten the day of another person, why not choose kindness when we can
6．Why do people often fail to show kindness to others
A．They don’t know how to demonstrate their happiness clearly.
B．They can’t effectively take opportunities to be kind daily.
C．They undervalue the positive impact their kindness made.
D．They have no idea how to perform random acts of kindness.
7．Those who gave away hot chocolate at an ice-skating rink would ________.
A．feel more motivated with the recipients’ reactions
B．inspire strangers to follow their examples
C．expect more appreciation from recipients
D．think nothing of the random act of kindness
8．What can we learn about the cupcake receivers from the third paragraph
A．They overestimated the positive impact of the random kindness.
B．They attached more significance to unexpected acts of kindness.
C．They responded differently to the predictions after the experiment.
D．They longed for more opportunities to participate in similar studies.
9．What’s the main idea of paragraph 5
A．People sometimes suffer from “pay it forward” effect.
B．A kind act can earn people more economic benefits.
C．Generosity sometimes can be recognized initially.
D．Kindness can inspire people to follow one another.
10．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Kindness can have unexpected positive effect
B．Kindness can bring different people together
C．What should we do to ensure happiness in life
D．How can people get happiness without efforts
Passage 3
（2023·天津河西·统考二模）Reading is a complex and crucial skill that impacts the youth’s ability to perform as students. Therefore, it’s important to develop reading skills during childhood. A team of researchers focused on the effect of whole-body learning in instruction, known as embodied learning.
The research included 149 children, aged 5 to 6, who had just started school. They were divided into three groups: one that stood up and used their whole bodies to shape letter sounds; a seated group that shaped letter sounds with their hands and arms; and a control group that received traditional, seated instruction during which they wrote letters by hand.
“Our research showed that children who used their whole bodies to shape the sounds of letters became twice as proficient (熟练的) at letter sounds that are more difficult to learn as those who received traditional instruction,” says PhD student Linn Damsgaard of UCPH’s Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports.
With regard to difficult letter sounds, she adds, “There are many difficult letter sounds in Danish. These sounds are particularly important because once children become proficient at them, they will be better readers.”
Associate professor Jacob Wienecke, who led the study, explains, “The primary goal is to learn more about which methods can be used to give beginner readers a good start. The idea is that if, through play and movement, we can learn where their strengths truly lie, we’ll create a form of learning that combines reading with play, and that’s truly positive.”
Previously, the researchers showed that the children felt more motivated by teaching methods which included physical movement. Jacob Wienecke hopes this will provide an opportunity to inspire teachers and school managers to prioritize movement across subjects.
The study also investigated whether a direct effect of embodied learning could be found on children’s reading of individual words. This was not possible, which might be due to the fact that the children were at such an early stage of their literacy development that they could not yet use their knowledge of letter sounds to read words.
11．What were the participants required to do in the study
A．To pick out difficult letter sounds in Danish.
B．To learn new letters through repeated writing.
C．To learn letter sounds using different approaches.
D．To memorize some letter sounds as soon as possible.
12．How can embodied learning get children actively involved
A．By combining learning with games. B．By offering them chances to cooperate.
C．By inspiring them to overcome difficulties. D．By explaining instructions to them patiently.
13．What does Jacob expect of the research finding
A．Promoting harmonious teacher-student relationships.
B．Urging schools to pay attention to physical exercise.
C．Enabling researchers to carry out further studies.
D．Encouraging educators to apply it to teaching.
14．What does the last paragraph intend to tell us
A．Children prefer learning step by step.
B．Children are too little to use their knowledge smartly
C．Children lack enough practice to get fully improved.
D．Children’s learning still relies on adults’ instruction.
15．What could be the best title for the text
A．Whole-body learning — a good start to children’s reading
B．Embodied learning — a booster for children’s reading speed
C．Children’s reading skills matter a lot in their literacy development
D．Children’s literacy development depends on the flexibility of their bodies
Passage 4
（2023·天津河西·统考二模）People are being lured onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, and don’t realize that they’re paying for it by giving up loads of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages. Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.
The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook — you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things — your city, your photo, your friends’ names — were set, by default, to be shared with everyone on the Internet.
According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “less satisfying experience.”
Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends
The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites. “I think the senators rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,” Schrage admits.
I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it’s only the beginning, which is why I’m considering deactivating my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.
16．What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph
A．It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.
B．It makes money by putting on advertisements.
C．It earns money by selling its user’s personal data
D．It provides a lot of information to its users
17．What does the author say about most Facebook users
A．They don’t know their personal data enriches Facebook
B．They are unwilling to give up their personal information
C．They don’t identify themselves when using website
D．They care very little about their personal information
18．Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage
A．To help its users make more friends B．To obey the Federal guidelines
C．To make money by attracting more users D．To offer better service to its users
19．What does Senator Charles Schumer argue for
A．Setting guidelines for advertising on websites
B．Setting rules for social-networking sites
C．Stopping sharing user’s personal information
D．Removing ads from all social-networking sites
20．Why does the author plan to stop using his Facebook account
A．He is dissatisfied with its service. B．He finds many of its users untrustworthy.
C．He doesn’t want his personal data abused. D．He is upset by its frequent rule changes.
Passage 5
（2023·天津河东·统考二模）Your circle of friends may help you get a better reading on your overall health and wellness rather than just using wearable devices such as a Fitbit, according to researchers.
The study, published in the journal PLOS ONE, analyzed what the structure of social networks says about the state of health, happiness and stress.
“We were interested in the topology(拓扑学) of the social network—what does my position within my social network predict about my health and well-being ” said Nitesh V. Chawla, a professor at the University of Notre Dame in the US.
“What we found was the social network structure provides a significant improvement in predictability of wellness states of an individual over just using the data derived( 获得)from wearables, like the number of steps or heart rate,” Chawla said.
For the study, participants wore a Fitbit to capture health behavior data about walking, sleeping, heart rate and overall activity level. They also completed surveys and self-assessments(自我评估)of their stress, happiness and positivity.
Chawla and his team then analyzed the data with a machine-learning model, alongside the connections and characteristics of an individual’s social network.
The study showed a strong correlation (相关性)between social network structures, heart rate, number of steps and level of activity.
Social network structure provided significant improvement in predicting one’s health and well-being compared to just looking at health behavior data from the Fitbit alone.
For example, when social network structure is combined with the data from wearables, the machine learning model achieved a 65 percent improvement in predicting happiness.
The model also achieved a 54 percent improvement in predicting one’s self-assessed health prediction, a 55 percent improvement in predicting positive attitude and a 38 percent improvement in predicting success.
“This study asserts that without social network information, we only have an incomplete view of an individual’s wellness state, and to be fully predictive or to be able to derive interventions(干预). It is critical to be aware of the social network,” Chawla said.
21．What did the study find
A．How your circle of friends influences you.
B．How people choose their friend circles.
C．What factors decide your friend circles.
D．What your circle of friends says about your health.
22．How did the researchers draw their conclusions
A．By comparing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing cause and effect. D．By describing personal experiences.
23．What does the underlined word “critical” mean in the last paragraph
A．Easy. B．Common. C．Important. D．Challenging.
24．What do Chawla’s words in the last paragraph tell us
A．How fitness devices can connect your circle of friends.
B．That a person’s social network is part of his health picture.
C．The best ways to make friends and keep a healthy social circle.
D．That wearable devices are not useful for understanding someone’s health.
25．According to Professor Chawla, what data did the topology of social network are likely not to capture
A．Information of heart rate. B．Facts of sleep mode.
C．The overall activities. D．Data of walking steps.
Passage 6
（2023·天津河东·统考二模）Do you think cookies can tell stories Jasmine Cho, 35, does.
A baker, artist, entrepreneur and activist, Cho tries to spread knowledge about social justice issues and diversity through the delicious medium of cookies.
It was in high school that she discovered her love of baking. At a sleepover a friend taught her how to make a dessert, “sort of demystifying baking and that whole process”.
Later, Cho realized her second passion: learning more about her Asian, American culture. An elective in college that taught Asian-American immigrant experiences brought an emotional moment for her. “So many emotions came up that I just couldn’t articulate. It was like this mix of anger, of relief, empowerment, sadness...” Cho said.
Cho realized she could combine these two passions to educate others about influential Asian American people and showcase matters that were important to her. With her online bakery, she designed cookie portraits about people she admired and posted the images on Instagram. “I don’t think I ever really knew how to communicate these stories until I found cookies,” Cho said. “Cookies are just so disarming. Who doesn’t like cookies ”
One cookie that Cho has identified with deeply is one she made of George Helm, a Hawaiian activist in the 1970s.
“It’s insane the amount of injustice that the native Hawaiian population has faced as well through the whole annexation (吞并) of the kingdom. There were so many horrific stories that I heard about nuclear testing and the fallout( 核爆炸后的沉降物)impacting native Hawaiian populations in all of this,” Cho said, “George Helm was one of those activists who really represented the spirituality of the native Hawaiians and the connection to their land, to nature.”
Among her amazing cookie art are other political figures such as Larry Itliong, a Filipino-American labor organizer, and pop culture figures such as Keanu Reeves, a Canadian actor.
Cho hopes her cookie art continues to inspire people to be creative and think positively.
“Instead of trying to think of something new and original, just look inward and see, maybe there’s already a passion or a love that you have,” Cho said. “Use that for something that will serve the world in a better way.”
26．What inspired Cho to take an interest in Asian-American culture
A．One of her sleepover experiences.
B．One elective she took at college.
C．The process of learning baking from her friend.
D．A book she read about Asian-American immigrant experiences.
27．The underlined word “articulate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean .
A．get rid of B．put up with
C．express in words D．stay focused
28．Why does Cho think cookies are a useful tool to promote Asian-American culture
A．Cookies don’t cost much. B．Cookies are easier to make.
C．Cookies have different images. D．Cookies are liked by many people.
29．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning George Helm in the passage
A．To inform the reader of Helm’s contributions to Hawaii.
B．To show what knowledge Cho focuses on with her cookies.
C．To introduce the spirituality of native Hawaiians.
D．To explain why Cho is interested in political activists.
30．What approach does Cho recommend to make a difference
A．Making use of your passion.
B．Turning to political figures for help.
C．Trying to do something creative and special.
D．Asking people around to work along with you.
31．What can best summarize the message contained in the passage
A．Think outside the box to break new ground.
B．Spread something original to one’s heart content.
C．Hold your horses for a better self.
D．Throw yourself into your inner world for a better one.
Passage 7
（2023·天津·统考二模）Imagine a tasty bug landing on the web of a hungry spider. How does the spider detect its prey Spiders don’t have ears like we do, and many have poor eyesight. But they can sense vibrations, like those that happen when an unlucky insect touches their webs. And instead of eardrums, spiders hear using tiny, sensitive hairs that move in response to sounds.
Scientists recently learned that spiders can pick up sounds in another way: through their webs. “It’s basically using the web as the ear,” said Ron Miles, a professor of mechanical engineering at Binghamton University in New York.
Miles and his team studied orb-weaving spiders, which make wheel-shaped webs. The scientists placed the spiders in a specially designed quiet room. Then they played sounds on a loudspeaker. They tracked how the spiders reacted to different sounds played on a loudspeaker.
The spiders turned their bodies toward the sound. Some crouched (蹲伏) and stretched. Others raised their front legs. The scientists said this suggested that the spiders knew where the sounds came from.
Miles said that spiders use their web like a giant extended ear. If an insect is flying nearby, for instance, “that’s going to cause the web to vibrate because of the sound,” Miles said. “That kind of gets the spider’s attention.”
Spiders might even use their webs to tune in to a variety of sounds. Miles said they suspect that the spider is able to adjust the web’s tension, or how tightly they stretch the web. This way, it can pick up certain types of sounds.
Miles hopes the research on spiders will help us find better ways to detect sound. Most microphones today work by sensing pressure and turning it into an electronic signal. But in the natural world, “spiders aren’t sensing pressure”.
Miles said: “Most animals don’t hear that way; they sense the motion of the air.” Future microphones, like those used in hearing aids, could someday have a design like this in mind.
The next time you see a spider, Miles suggested, watch how it reacts to sounds, like your footsteps — though what those noises mean to the spider remains somewhat of a mystery. “Spiders don’t have good facial expressions,” Miles laughed. “It’s hard to read them.”
32．Spiders know an insect lands on their web by ________.
A．seeing it trying to escape the web B．sensing the motion it makes
C．using its ears to hear it moving D．growing tiny hairs to find it
33．Scientists play sounds on loudspeakers in the experiment to ________.
A．observe how the spiders would react B．assist the spiders in catching their prey
C．encourage the spiders to build new webs D．protect people from spiders
34．Why do spiders need to use their webs like a giant ear
A．It keeps them safe from dangerous animals. B．It shows them when they need a new web.
C．It helps them detect insects flying nearby. D．It lets them communicate with other spiders.
35．Spiders adjust the tension in their webs to ________.
A．block out sounds that scare away insects B．help them pick up certain types of sounds
C．allow them to make sounds that attract prey D．make sounds that get other spiders’ attention
36．What does Miles believe is the significance of studying spiders
A．It could lead to hearing aids that sense pressure.
B．It shows that even small animals can make noise.
C．It could allow people to sense the force created by sounds.
D．It could result in microphones that sense the motion of air.
Passage 8
（2023·天津·统考二模）“If you were bored, it wasn’t because there was nothing to do. It was because you hadn’t put enough effort into.” That was my Mum’s philosophy. Boredom has become trendy.
Some new studies show how boredom is good for creativity and innovation, as well as mental health. It is found that people were more creative following the completion of a boring and dull task. When people are bored, they have an increase in “associative thought”—the process of making new connections between ideas, which is linked to innovative thinking. These studies are impressive, but in reality, the benefits of boredom may be related to having time to clear your mind, be quiet or daydream.
In our world, it seems unrealistic that boredom could occur at all. Yet, there are valid reasons boredom may feel so painful. As it turns out, boredom might signal the fact that you have a need that isn’t being met. Our always-on world of social media may result in more connections, but they are superficial (表面的) and can get in the way of building a real sense of belonging. Feeling bored may signal the desire for a greater sense of community and the feeling that you fit in with others around you. So take the step of joining an organization to build face-to-face relationships. You’ll find depth that you won’t get from your screen no matter how many likes you get on your post.
Bored people often report that they feel a limited sense of meaning. If you want to reduce boredom and increase your sense of meaning, seek work where you can make a unique contribution, or find a cause you can support with your time and talent. If your definition of boredom is being quiet, mindful, and reflective, keep it up. But if you’re struggling with real boredom and the emptiness it provokes, consider whether you might seek new connections and more significant challenges. These are the things that will genuinely ease boredom and make you more effective in the process.
37．What was the opinion of the author’s mom towards boredom
A．She thought it a philosophical question.
B．She considered her life was boring.
C．She believed it indicates having too much energy.
D．She thought less effort led to boredom.
38．What have studies found about boredom
A．It boosts innovative thinking.
B．It is a result of doing boring tasks.
C．It helps people connect with others.
D．It does harm to one’s mental health.
39．What do we learn about social media from the passage
A．It may be a barrier to expanding one’s connections.
B．It may get in the way of enhancing one’s social status.
C．It may prevent people from developing a genuine sense of community.
D．It may make people feel that they ought to fit in with the outside world.
40．What does the author suggest people do to get rid of boredom
A．Count the likes they get on their posts.
B．Reflect on how they relate to others.
C．Engage in real-life interactions.
D．Participate in online discussions.
41．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．The importance of doing something original.
B．Strategies on dealing with boredom.
C．Ways to increase the meaning of life.
D．The distinction between two types of boredom.
Passage 9
（2023·天津·校联考二模）As people travelling by air become increasingly aware of their carbon footprint, flying has become not only one of the most polluting industries, but also one with the most potential to turn things around.
After Solar Impulse 2 completed the world’s first flight by a solar-powered aircraft in 2016, airlines and aircraft producers looked to become the first to provide a commercial plane. Bertrand Piccard, one of the pilots responsible for Solar Impulse 2’s journey said, “Al1 the clean technologies we’ve already had can be used everywhere. We have to use them, not only for the environment, but also because they are profitable and able to create jobs.”
The following year saw many projects in the aviation (航空) field as the airline industry acknowledged the future of low- carbon transportation methods. In 2017, Zunum Aero, a small aviation company which focused on delivering a range of hybrid-electric (混合电动的) planes received financial aid from JetBlue and Boeing, whilst EasyJet teamed up with Wright Electric to develop battery-powered aircraft and NASA also announced its plans to develop its own electric aircraft.
Orkney Islands, lying about 20 miles north of the Scottish mainland, are rich in renewable resources, especially the wind energy. Loganair, a Scottish airline, is cooperating with aviation companies to make Orkney the world’s first fully electric airline routes. However, this is never easy. Due to the limited size and weight of a battery that an airplane can carry, airplane producers are faced with a bottleneck—the continued power supply for electric airplanes. They believe the abundant wind energy in Orkney could be the key to solving it.
The benefits of electric air travel transcend its low-carbon emissions. Aviation experts believe these aircraft’s power source will also mean they will be less noisy, smaller, require less maintenance costs, and need a shorter runway to take off and land—this could lead to more airports in small cities and more rural areas being connected to the world at large.
42．What did Bertrand want to convey in his words
A．The future of aircraft pilots.
B．The success of Solar Impulse 2.
C．The convenience of commercial planes.
D．The significance of using renewable energy.
43．How did EasyJet carry out the low-carbon transportation methods
A．By asking for financial support from banks.
B．By working together with another company.
C．By purchasing patents from other countries.
D．By improving the technology on its own.
44．What will airplane producers probably do to make Orkney’s electric airline routes a reality
A．Use natural resources to charge airplanes.
B．Build more coal-fired power stations.
C．Develop shorter airline routes.
D．Increase the size of battery.
45．What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Go beyond. B．Rely on. C．Differ from. D．Refer to.
46．What’s the benefit of electric planes besides its green footprint
A．Making plane tickets cheaper.
B．Making the flying time shorter.
C．Making the world more connected.
D．Making the plane maintenance easier.
Passage 10
（2023·天津·校联考二模）Industry and educators all agree that the world needs creativity. There is interest in the field, lots of urging but very little action. Everyone is a bit scared of what to do next. On the question of creativity and imagination, they are mostly uncreative and unimaginative.
Educators seek artificial ways to change imaginative activity into problem-solving models that end up compromising the very creativity they celebrate. Creativity is often reduced to problem-solving. To be exact, you need imagination to solve many problems and creativity is part of what it takes. But problem-solving is far from the whole of creativity; and if you only focus creative thinking on problems and solutions, you will fall into a trap.
For teaching purposes, problems are an anxious place to cultivate creativity. If you think of anyone coming up with an idea — a new song, a dance step or a joke, it isn’t necessarily about a problem but rather an opportunity for the mind to exercise its independence. This is the purpose behind the theory of scholars now called “Big C Creativity”, which is the breakthrough Lind of thinking or science, such as Mozart’s Alla Turca and Einstein’s theory of relativity. But the same is true of everyday “Small C Creativity” that isn’t specifically problem-based.
Enjoying the independence of the mind is the basis for naturally imaginative activity, like humor or amusing answers.
Our contemporary education systematically damages creativity and unintentionally punishes students for exercising their imagination. Schools use grades to evaluate students, which is a passive attack to the imagination.
It might be indeed impossible to teach creativity but the least we can do for our students is to make school a safe place for imagination. My viewpoint is that learning outcomes are only good for uncreative study. For education to cultivate creativity and imagination, we need to stop asking students anxiously to follow demonstrable (可论证的) proofs learning which cause a burden to students’ imagination.
47．What can be learned from the first paragraph
A．Educators are uncreative in teaching.
B．The world has lost interest in creativity.
C．People fail to do much to become creative.
D．Educators have got down to cultivating creative students.
48．What’s the author’s attitude to educators changing creativity into problem-solving models
A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Neutral. D．Disapproving.
49．Which of the following is a “Big C Creativity”
A．Mike finds a way to solve a math problem.
B．Tom makes a discovery in the Biology field.
C．Darwin answers a question humorously
D．Mary learns to sing a new song.
50．According to the author, what can be done to help cultivate students’ creativity
A．Encouraging students to get rid of fixed rules of learning.
B．Helping students to obtain better learning outcomes.
C．Starting more classes to teach students creativity.
D．Providing students with a safe place to study.
51．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Why docs the world need creativity
B．Why is it impossible to teach creativity
C．How can we solve problems more creatively
D．How can educators build better schools for students
一模汇编
Passage 1
（2023·天津·校联考一模）Charity is simple in theory: A heart warms, a hand reaches out. In practice, though, charity can become a troubled mix of motives and consequences. Giving can be driven by guilt, duty, praise, or perhaps the hope that giving will somehow make up for past cruelty or ignorance. Too little charity is far less than valuable. Too much can cause over-reliance, which makes the receiver continuously ask for more.
Giving from the heart is good. But critics have long worried about misdirected charity that does more harm than good. In his 2012 book, Harmful Charity: How Churches and Charities Hurt Those They Help (And How to Solve the Problem), Robert Lupton, an experienced social worker of 40 years of community work in inner-city Atlanta, argues that charity must not do for the poor what they can do for themselves.
Due to emergencies such as natural disasters, the afterward financial aid is greatly welcome. Mr. Lupton advocates it should focus on the development of self-supporting. The task can be carried out via, for instance, offering micro-loans, hiring local builders and suppliers, and trying to found self-supported, locally owned and operated factories. What seldom works, he argues, are untargeted handouts from far-off providers and the sudden arrival of inexperienced volunteer-tourists hoping to earn personal reputation by digging wells or mending roofs that locals are perfectly able to take care of themselves.
Getting charity right isn’t easy. But from money raising to the rising in volunteering among Millennials(千禧一代), from the increasing worldwide willingness to give to the efforts by charity organizations to become more effective and fruitful, there is strong evidence that human beings’ ability of taking care of others is growing along with their ability to help without harming.
Charity can be as simple as holding the door for a stranger and as complex as a global campaign to get rid of malaria(疟疾). Charity works best when it returns the weak to strength, and helps a small town shaken by an earthquake get back on its feet. A successful charity is one that eventually is no longer needed.
1．What can we know about charity in paragraph 1
A．Charity is simple in both theory and practice.
B．Some charity providers are cruel or ignorant.
C．There is much less charity than needed.
D．Charity may result in dependence.
2．Why have critics worried about misdirected charity
A．It may have a bad impact on receivers. B．It may cause hurt to social workers.
C．It can be driven by guilt and duty. D．It may help less to the poor.
3．What can be a proper way to give charity in time of natural disasters
A．Hiring local workers. B．Founding advanced factories.
C．Building houses for victims. D．Giving untargeted handouts.
4．What can we learn from paragraph 4
A．It’s easy to give charity without harming.
B．Millennials enjoy earning personal reputation.
C．There appears ability promotion in giving charity.
D．Charity organizations are spreading all over the world.
5．What is the writing purpose of the text
A．To appeal for more charity.
B．To advocate getting charity right.
C．To introduce the process of performing charity.
D．To criticize unjust motives and results for charity.
Passage 2
（2023·天津南开·南开中学校考模拟预测）An Epidemic (流行病) of Depression Seligman is leading the charge in what might be called Happiness Revolution in psychology. Since World War II, psychologists have focused on fixing what is broken — repairing psychosis (精神病), and neurosis(神经衰弱). Research has piles up steadily when it comes to looking at patients who are neurotic, while the happy or joyful people among us have received little scientific examination.
When Seligman did a search to find academic articles about such “positive psychology” he found only 800 out of 70,000. “Psychologists tend to be concerned with taking a negative 8 person, and helping him get to negative 2,” said Seligman, a University of Pennsylvania psychology professor. “My aim is to take a plus 2 person and boost him to a plus 6.”
In the last 50 years, statistics have shown that we are less happy as a people. “While our quality of life has increased dramatically over that time, and we’ve become richer, we’re in an epidemic of depression,” Seligman said. “Depression is 10 times more common now, and life satisfaction rates are down as well.” Seligman argues that the new science he writes about is shifting psychology’s model away from its narrow-minded focus on pathology, victimology, and mental illness towards positive emotion, virtue and strength, and positive institutions that increase people’s happiness. If you want to be happy, forget about winning the lottery, getting a nose job, or securing a raise. In his new book, Authentic Happiness, psychologist Martin Seligman argues that overall lifetime happiness is not the result of good genes, money, or even luck. Instead, he says we can boost our own happiness by making use of the strengths and traits that we already have, including kindness, originality, humor, optimism, and generosity. He has named the discipline “Positive Psychology,” arguing that we would be better off building on our own strengths rather than bemoaning, and hence, trying to repair, our weakness. By frequently calling upon their strengths, people can build up natural barriers against misfortune and negative emotions, he said.
To cultivate happiness, we must first find out our individual strengths and virtues. Next, apply the qualities in such a way as to enhance our happiness-generating system.
6．Why could Seligman’s work be called Happiness Revolution
A．Because happy or joyful people among us also suffer from illness.
B．Because psychology is the emotional characteristic of an individual.
C．Because psychology is the science that deals with mental processes and behavior.
D．Because traditional research on psychology rarely concerns happy or joyful people.
7．What does Seligman mean by saying “take a plus 2 person and boost him to a plus 6”
A．We should focus on happy or joyful people.
B．The number of happy or joyful people will increase by 4.
C．“Positive psychology” articles need to be published more.
D．Happy people among us also need improve their mentality.
8．According to the passage, traditional opinion of psychology is __________.
A．encouraging B．optimistic C．subjective D．narrow-minded
9．Martin Seligman argues that authentic happiness results from___________.
A．good genes, money or luck B．positive mental status
C．contented life. D．a good job.
10．The main topic of the passage is ____________.
A．how we can cultivate our happiness. B．why material goods can’t boost people.
C．why we should cultivate our happiness. D．how complicated our happiness-generation system is.
Passage 3
（2023·天津·校联考一模）Do you play video games If so, you aren’t alone. Video games are becoming more common and are increasingly enjoyed by adults. The average age of gamers has been increasing and was estimated to be 35 in 2016. Changing technology also means that more people are exposed to video games. A new breed of casual gamers has come, who play on smart phones and tablets at spare moments throughout the day. But do they have any effect on our brains and behavior
Over the years, the media have made various claims about video games and their effect on our health and happiness. “Games have sometimes been praised or demonized, often without real data backing up those claims. Moreover, gaming is a popular activity, so everyone seems to have strong opinions on the topic”, says Marc Palaus, who with his colleagues wanted to see if any trends had appeared from the research to date concerning how video games affect the structure and activity of our brains. They collected the results from 116 scientific studies, 22 of which looked at structural changes in the brain and 100 of which looked at changes in brain functionality and behavior.
The studies show that playing video games can change how our brains perform; and even their structure. For example, playing video games affects our attention, and some studies found that gamers show improvements in several types of attention, such as sustained attention or selective attention. Video games can also be addictive, and this kind of addiction is called “Internet gaming disorder”. Researchers have found functional and structural changes in the neural (神经的) reward system in gaming addicts. These neural changes are basically the same as those seen in other addictive disorders.
So, what do all these brain changes mean “We focused on how the brain reacts to video game exposure, but these effects do not always translate to real-life changes,” says Palaus. As video games are still quite new, the research into their effects is still in its babyhood.
11．What factor causes a new breed of casual gamers to appear
A．Video games become more and more attractive.
B．The pressure from work becomes bigger and bigger.
C．Modern adults are usually very curious about new things.
D．The development of technology makes games easily accessible.
12．What does Palaus’ research focus on
A．Why video games affect brains.
B．How video games function in daily life.
C．What effects video games have on gamers’ brains.
D．Which brain regions are affected by video games.
13．By what way does Palaus carry out his research
A．By experiencing video games. B．By interviewing video gamers.
C．By doing scientific experiments. D．By analyzing new scientific studies.
14．According to the research, why do some gamers get addicted to video games
A．Because their physical health is damaged.
B．Because their memory systems are disturbed.
C．Because their neural reward systems are changed.
D．Because their communicative ability is weakened.
15．The last paragraph indicates that ________.
A．video games bring harm instead of benefits
B．the influence of video games needs a further study
C．there should be certain laws to regulate video games
D．the average age of video gamers has been increasing
Passage 4
（2023·天津红桥·统考一模）Tens of thousands of ancient pictures carved into the rocks at one of France’s most important tourist sites are being gradually destroyed. Scientists and researchers fear that the 36,000 drawings on rocks in Mont Bego in the French Alps are being damaged so rapidly that they will not survive for future generations.
The mountain believed to have once been a site for prayer is scattered with 4000-year-old drawings cut into bare rock. But as the popularity of the site increases, the pictures are being ruined by thoughtless graffiti.
Jean Clottes is the chairman of the International Committee on Rock Art. He says “People think that because the pictures have been there so long they will always continue to be there. But if the damage continues at this rate there will be nothing left in 50 years.”
He describes seeing tourists stamping on the drawings, wearing away the rock and clearness of the artwork as they do so. Some visitors he says even cut off parts to take home as souvenirs. Other researchers describe how people arrive carrying long sticks with sharp ends to scratch their own drawings, or even their names in the rocks.
But experts are divided over the best way to preserve the drawings. Henry de Lumley, director of the Museum of Natural History in Paris, believes that the only way to save the site is to turn the whole mountain into a “no-go” area, preventing the public from going there except on guided tours.
Clottes disagrees. “The measure suggested by Henry de Lumley is the most severe, and while it is the most effective, it is also certain to bring about protests from people who live there” he said. “The site was classified as a historic monument years ago by the Ministry of Culture and we must do as much as possible to save what is there.”
Annie Echassoux who also worked on researching the site is alarmed that as the mountain becomes easier to reach — tourists can now avoid the three-and-a-half-hour walk by hiring vehicles — the damage will increase rapidly. She thinks that the only solution is to rope off the area and provide guides. “You can’t say the plan can’t go ahead because there is no money ” she said. “That is not good enough. Money must be provided because the Ministry of Culture has classified this area as a historic site. If we don’t take steps, we will be responsible for losing the drawings for the next generation.”
16．Jean Clottes says that people who visit the mountain________.
A．do not believe the drawings are old. B．believe they are allowed to paint there
C．assume the drawings will not disappear D．think the drawings should be left alone
17．According to Jean Clottes some of the visitors to the area have________.
A．taken bits of the rock home B．helped to clean the drawings
C．been unable to take photographs D．misunderstood what the pictures mean
18．Henry de Lumley is eager to________.
A．protect public rights B．ban traffic in the area
C．set up research projects D．keep out individual visitors
19．Which word best describes Annie Echassoux’s attitude towards saving the historic site
A．Worried. B．Supportive. C．Disappointed. D．Hesitant.
20．This passage has been written about Mont Bego to ________.
A．advertise the closing of the site B．encourage scientists to visit the site
C．describe fears for the future of the site D．warn visitors about the dangers of the site
Passage 5
（2023·天津·校联考一模）According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.
So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States According to the public, at least, it’s not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.
It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive (领导层) jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.
Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate (选民) and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.
As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it’s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.
21．What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey
A．They have to do more to distinguish themselves.
B．They have to strive harder to win their positions.
C．They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.
D．They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.
22．What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles
A．They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.
B．They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.
C．Their failures may have something to do with family duties.
D．Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.
23．What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey
A．Personality traits. B．Sex discrimination.
C．Family responsibilities. D．Lack of vacancies.
24．What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future
A．More and more women will sit in the boardroom.
B．Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.
C．The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.
D．People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.
25．What do most Americans expect to see soon on America’s political stage
A．A woman in the highest position of government.
B．More and more women actively engaged in politics.
C．A majority of women voting for a female president.
D．As many women in top government positions as men.
Passage 6
（2023·天津南开·统考一模）The rapid pace of global warming and its effects on habitats raise the question of whether species are able to keep up so that they remain in suitable living conditions. Some animals can move fast to adjust to a quickly changing climate. Plants, being less mobile, rely on means such as seed dispersal (传播) by animals, wind or water to move to new areas, but this redistribution typically occurs within one kilometer of the original plant. Writing in Nature, Juan P. González-Varo sheds light on the potential capacity of migratory (迁徙的) birds to aid seed dispersal.
González-Varo and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change through the help of migrating birds. They analyzed an impressive data set of 949 different seed-dispersal interactions between bird and plant communities, together with data on entire fruiting times and migratory patterns of birds across Europe.
The authors hypothesized (假定) that the direction of seed migration depends on how the plants interact with migratory birds, the frequency of these interactions or the number of bird species that might transport seeds from each plant species.
Perhaps the most striking feature of these inferred seed movements is the observation that 35 percent of plant species across European communities, which are closely related on the phylogenetic tree (进化树谱), might benefit from long-distance dispersal by the northward journey of migratory birds. This particular subset (小组) of plants tends to fruit over a long period of time, or has fruits that persist over the winter. This means that the ability of plants to keep up with climate change could be shaped by their evolutionary history – implying that future plant communities in the Northern Hemisphere (半球) will probably come from plant species that are phylogenetically closely related and that have migrated from the south.
This study provides a great example of how migratory birds might assist plant redistribution to new locations that would normally be difficult for them to reach on their own, and which might offer a suitable climate.
26．The rapid pace of global warming and its effect are mentioned in Paragraph 1 ________.
A．to call public attention to seed dispersal
B．to show the threat of climate change to human beings
C．to provide the background of González -Varo’s research
D．to explain why some animals can adapt to climate change
27．How could plants keep pace with the rapid climate change according to González-Varo
A．With the help of wind and water.
B．With the help of migratory birds.
C．By adjusting themselves to the climate.
D．By relying on animals on land.
28．How did González-Varo and his colleagues conduct the research
A．By analyzing related data.
B．By conducting field research.
C．By interviewing experts.
D．By reviewing findings of previous studies.
29．What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A．Most plant species benefit from long-distance dispersal.
B．The evolutionary history of different plants is similar.
C．Plants with longer fruiting times adapt better when transported farther.
D．Plant communities in different hemispheres will become less related phylogenetically.
30．What could be the best title for the text
A．Impacts of Climate Change on Migratory Birds.
B．Different Ways to Redistribute Plants to New Climates.
C．Plants Struggle to Keep Pace with Climate Change.
D．Migratory Birds Aid the Redistribution of Plants to New Climates.
Passage 7
（2023·天津南开·统考一模）You can make a difference to the life of others by signing up for a volunteer vacation.
“After 30 programs in Poland, I’ve received more than I’ve given. All benefit from this partnership — the future leaders of this great nation, and volunteers who fall in love with the beautiful people and culture.”
– Lori Wedeking, a volunteer in Poland
Volunteer Opportunities Portugal:
Teach natives conversational skills with varying English abilities in classrooms, offices, and community centers. Help choose assignments in public elementary and secondary schools, or with young adults in technical or trade schools.
Peru:
Volunteers with a medical background can choose to spend their time working at medical centers. Others can spend their time practicing conversational English with local students and teachers.
Tanzania:
Support a community quest for development through food and nutrition, health and education projects. Work in the greenhouse nurturing seedlings for seasonal plantings.
Nepal:
Teach conversational English and business management, help repair living and learning spaces, provide support and training for marginalized women, and nurture impoverished children.
Cuba:
Build bridges of friendship through conversational English classes. Work alongside local women sewing and knitting baby clothes, aprons, crafts, etc, which are sold to benefit the women’s cooperative interests.
Global Volunteers’ History
Established in 1984 by Bud Philbrook and Michele Gran, Global Volunteers is an international nonprofit organization assisting worldwide community development programs by mobilizing short-term volunteers on local work programs, as well as providing project funding and child sponsorships. Since 1984, Global Volunteers has helped partner communities deliver most of these services to local people worldwide, and been trusted by more than 34,000 volunteers. As Seija Webb, an eight-time global volunteer says, “Volunteering abroad holds magic on so many fronts. It’s the springboard for my global explorations. I can’t imagine one without the other anymore.”
31．Which is right about Lori Wedeking
A．Lori is the organizer of 30 programs.
B．Lori had a positive experience in Poland.
C．Lori wants to be the future leader of Poland.
D．Lori received a lot of presents from volunteers.
32．What project is needed in Tanzania
A．Working at medical centers.
B．Teaching business management.
C．Developing food and nutrition.
D．Sewing and knitting baby clothes.
33．Which country needs the project of repairing living spaces
A．Peru. B．Tanzania. C．Nepal. D．Cuba.
34．What do we know about Global Volunteers’ History
A．34,000 volunteer get involved in its projects every year.
B．Teaching magic shows is one of its various programs.
C．It sends short-term and long-term volunteers to help local residents.
D．Seija Webb is a regular volunteer and enjoys volunteering abroad.
35．Who is the text most probably aimed at
A．Global explorers. B．Keen travelers.
C．Future leaders. D．Potential volunteers.
Passage 8
（2023·天津·校联考一模）Every year, thousands of teenagers participate in programs at their local art museums. But do any of them remember their time at museum events later in life A new report suggests that the answer is yes — and finds that arts-based museum programs are credited with changing the course of alumni’s (毕业生的) lives, even years after the fact.
The Whitney Museum of American Art, the Walker Art Center and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles recently asked researchers to conduct a study to find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are. They involved over 300 former participants of four programs for teens that have been in existence since the 1990s. Alumni, whose current ages range from 18 to 36, were invited to find out how they viewed their participation years after the fact.
Among the alumni surveyed, 75 percent of them thought the teen art program experience had the most favorable impact on their own lives, beating the family, school and their neighborhoods. Nearly 55 percent thought that it was one of the most important experiences they had ever had, regardless of age. And two-thirds said that they were often in situations where their experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts.
It turns out that participating in art programs also helps keep teens keen about culture even after they reach adulthood: Ninety-six percent of participants had visited an art museum within the last two years, and 68 percent had visited an art museum five or more times within the last two years. Thirty-two percent of alumni work in the arts as adults.
Though the study is the first of its kind to explore the impact of teen-specific art programs in museums, it reflects other research on the important benefits of engaging with the arts. A decade of surveys by the National Endowment for the Arts found that the childhood experience with the arts is significantly associated with people’s income and educational achievements as adults. Other studies have linked arts education to everything from lower dropout rates to improvement in critical thinking skills.
36．What is the main function of paragraph 1
A．To make a comparison. B．To propose a definition.
C．To provide the background. D．To present the subject.
37．Why were the researchers asked to conduct the study
A．To change the course of alumni’s lives.
B．To introduce the art museums.
C．To explore the impact of teen art programs.
D．To invite people to participate in the art programs.
38．What do the figures in Paragraph 3 show
A．Students are more influenced by the family and school.
B．Teen art programs in museums are highly beneficial.
C．Many teens fail to realize the great value of art programs.
D．Most experiences in museums are boring for today’s teens.
39．What does Paragraph 4 tell us about art programs
A．They are intended to attract more adults.
B．They are designed to support art museums.
C．They create adults who are culturally aware.
D．They provide many job opportunities for adults.
40．What do the studies mentioned in the last paragraph have in common
A．All prove the good effects of art education.
B．All suggest the need to improve museum programs.
C．All show the growing popularity of art programs.
D．All focus on the link between art and education.
Passage 9
（2023·天津滨海新·校联考一模）If you’re a runner who secretly hates running, here’s some good news: settling into a leisurely jog rather than an all-out run may actually be better for your health in the long term.
A team from Denmark followed over 5, 000 people taking part in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, and tracked whether they were non-joggers, or joggers who kept a slow, moderate (中等的), or fast pace. The participants’ health was tracked over the next 12 years, and so was their mortality (死亡率): 28 of the joggers and 128 of the non-joggers died.
The connection was this: Joggers of mild and moderate intensity had a lower risk of death than the fast joggers. In fact, the lowest mortality risk was that of the mild intensity joggers. The fast-paced joggers had about the same mortality rate as sedentary (久坐的) people. This suggests that there may be an upper limit to hard exercise, after which the benefits fall off.
“The U-shaped association between jogging and mortality suggests there may be an upper limit for exercise amount that is best for health benefits,” said study author Peter Schnohr. “Anything more is not just unnecessary; it may be harmful.” From the current study, jogging just three times per week, for less than 2.5 hours per week was associated with the lowest overall mortality risk.
There have been a lot of mixed messages about the “right” amount of exercise and what intensity is best. The World Health Organization has suggested that the current 150 minutes per week recommendations are strenuous for most people to tackle, and that expectations should be lowered, since, after all, anything is better than nothing. Everyone probably has a level of activity that feels best to him or her. But at least the growing consensus seems to be that more — if you’re pushing yourself very hard— is not necessarily better. And it may even be worse.
41．What was the study designed to find out
A．The relation between exercise amount and health.
B．The difference between non-joggers and joggers.
C．The advantages of jogging over running.
D．The common causes of death from exercise.
42．Who will face the highest mortality risk according to the study
A．Those jogging just three times per week. B．Those jogging 150 minutes per week.
C．Those fast-paced joggers. D．Those slow-paced joggers.
43．What might Peter Schnohr agree with
A．The early bird catches the worm. B．Wealth is nothing without health.
C．To go beyond is as wrong as to fall short.D．Enough exercise brings about happiness.
44．What does the underlined word “strenuous” in the last paragraph mean
A．Intense. B．Wide-ranging.
C．Necessary. D．Far-reaching.
45．What would be the best title for the text
A．Why Jogging May Be Better For Your Health Than Running
B．Can Jogging Increase Your Weight
C．How Does Jogging Affect Your Health
D．How Often Should Beginners Run
Passage 10
（2023·天津·校联考一模）Hearing aids usually bring to mind images of ugly, ineffective devices mainly worn by the elderly. But this ill repute is quickly changing, as they’ve recently taken a turn thanks to two innovators, Dr. Marco Vietor and Paul Crusius, who now lead the fastest-growing hearing aid company in the world—.
’s years of research led to the development of two game-changing hearing aids—the Silk and Styletto. These impressive devices pack cutting-edge technology in designs that are practically invisible. They also use a unique way that has been clinically proven to deliver better-than-normal hearing so you can clearly understand speech in any environment. With additional features like Bluetooth and rechargeability, today’s hearing aids are attracting even younger customers skilled in tech.
But knows it’s not just about tech and design. They’ve put an enormous effort into the entire experience to make hearing care more accessible and more affordable. “Everyone should be able to hear well to live well,” Crusius says. “And it’s very individual. Each person’s hearing loss is different and requires a personalized approach to find the best solution.”
“We hear with our brains, not our ears. And it takes at least 30 days for阅读理解+说明文+议论文-天津市2023年高考英语一模、二模试题分项汇编
专题05 阅读理解 说明文 议论文
二模汇编
Passage 1
（2023·天津和平·统考二模）A new project aims to create a computer replica (复制品) of an entire city. It will allow experts to perform real-time resilience (适应力) testing to see how is infrastructure (基础设施) will perform in the face of challenges such as climate change and population growth.
Known as the “digital twin”, the technology has already been adopted by Formula One teams and engine makers like Rolls Royce, but its use to this degree didn’t exist.
A partnership between Newcastle University and Northumbrian Water will recreate Newcastle based on data from across the city and test its resilience in possible emergencies. Professor Chris Kilsby said, “You can try lots of things with the twin in the case of a city. I think of it as a replica that you can play with and do unimaginable things to see what would happen. The changes can be seen immediately — from observing what would happen if the river Tyne rises by a few meters to what the city would look like if the population has aged over a certain period of time. It could also be used to model human behavior, for example, determining the most likely roads people would use in the event of a food.”
Newcastle University is working on a data platform with lots of dynamic parts like traffic, water, population, etc. Much of the data is coming from the university’s Urban Observatory project, which has monitors all over the city checking pollution, water quality and biodiversity.
In 2012 an event known locally as the “Toon monsoon ” took place, with a month’s worth of rain falling in two hours during the evening rush hour, causing 8 m worth of damage. The Toon monsoon caused a breakdown to the city because we just didn’t design anything for that sort of event. There was no one to blame. The city just couldn’t resist the heavy rain.
The digital twin will allow the city not only to react in real time to such strange weather events, but also to test its resilience in endless potential future emergencies.
Chris Jones, research and development manager at Northumbrian Water, imagined the project’s “amazing possibilities”, saying that in time it could be applied to any city with accessible data.
1．What do we know about the “digital twin” from the first two paragraphs
A．It is not new to us. B．It is a computer system.
C．It predicts extreme weather. D．It has met with many challenges.
2．What are Professor Chris Kilsby’s words mainly about
A．The development of the digital twin. B．People’s test of possible emergencies.
C．The many functions of the digital twin. D．The numerous changes in the environment.
3．What will Newcastle University do in the project according to the passage
A．Offering big data about the city. B．Advocating the new technology.
C．Making up the loss caused by flood. D．Working out plans for future emergencies.
4．Why is the “Toon monsoon” mentioned here
A．To draw people’s attention to the terrible loss of the city.
B．To warn people of the potential harm of heavy rain.
C．To indicate the new project’s significance.
D．To show the digital twin’s weakness.
5．What is Chris Jones’ attitude towards the “digital twin”
A．Cautious. B．Opposed. C．Neutral. D．Supportive.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“数字孪生”技术旨在创建一个完整城市的电脑复制品，它将允许专家进行实时弹性测试，以了解基础设施在面对气候变化和人口增长等挑战时的表现。文章介绍了这项技术的应用情况。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Known as the “digital twin”, the technology has already been adopted by Formula One teams and engine makers like Rolls Royce, but its use to this degree didn’t exist.(这项被称为“数字孪生”的技术已经被一级方程式车队和劳斯莱斯等发动机制造商采用，但它的使用程度还不存在)”可推知，“数字孪生”对我们来说并不新鲜。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“I think of it as a replica that you can play with and do unimaginable things to see what would happen. The changes can be seen immediately — from observing what would happen if the river Tyne rises by a few meters to what the city would look like if the population has aged over a certain period of time. It could also be used to model human behavior, for example, determining the most likely roads people would use in the event of a food.(我认为它是一个复制品，你可以玩，做一些不可想象的事情，看看会发生什么。这些变化可以立即看到——从观察泰恩河上涨几米会发生什么，到观察人口老龄化一段时间后城市会变成什么样子。它还可以用来模拟人类行为，例如，确定人们在食物事件中最可能走的道路)”可知，Chris Kilsby教授的话主要关于数字孪生的许多功能。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Newcastle University is working on a data platform with lots of dynamic parts like traffic, water, population, etc. Much of the data is coming from the university’s Urban Observatory project, which has monitors all over the city checking pollution, water quality and biodiversity.(纽卡斯尔大学正在开发一个包含交通、水、人口等动态部分的数据平台。大部分数据来自该大学的城市天文台项目，该项目在整个城市都有监视器，检查污染、水质和生物多样性)”可知，纽卡斯尔大学将在项目中提供这个城市的大数据。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“In 2012 an event known locally as the “Toon monsoon ” took place, with a month’s worth of rain falling in two hours during the evening rush hour, causing 8 m worth of damage. The Toon monsoon caused a breakdown to the city because we just didn’t design anything for that sort of event. There was no one to blame. The city just couldn’t resist the heavy rain.(2012年，当地发生了一场被称为“香椿季风”的事件。在晚高峰时段，两小时内的降雨量相当于一个月的降雨量，造成了价值800万英镑的损失。香椿季风导致城市瘫痪，因为我们没有为这种事件设计任何东西。没有人应该受到责备。这个城市就是抵挡不住大雨。)”和倒数第二段“The digital twin will allow the city not only to react in real time to such strange weather events, but also to test its resilience in endless potential future emergencies.(这个数字孪生体不仅可以让城市对这种奇怪的天气事件做出实时反应，还可以测试它在未来无尽的潜在紧急情况下的应变能力)”可推知，提到“香椿季风”是为了表明新项目的重要性。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Chris Jones, research and development manager at Northumbrian Water, imagined the project’s “amazing possibilities”, saying that in time it could be applied to any city with accessible data.(诺森伯兰水务公司的研发经理Chris Jones想象了这个项目“惊人的可能性”，他说，随着时间的推移，它可以应用于任何有可访问数据的城市)”可推知，Chris Jones对“数字孪生”的态度是支持的。故选D。
Passage 2
（2023·天津和平·统考二模）Scientists who study happiness know that being kind to others can improve well-being. Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can boost a person’s mood, for example. Everyday life affords many opportunities for such actions, yet people do not always take advantage of them.
In studies published online in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, a behavioral scientist and I examined a possible explanation: people who perform random acts of kindness underestimate how much recipients value their behavior.
In one experiment, participants at an ice-skating rink in a public park gave away hot chocolate on a cold winter’s day. Although the people giving out the hot chocolate saw the act as relatively insignificant, it really mattered to the recipients. Our research also revealed one reason that people may underestimate their action’s impact. When we asked one set of participants to estimate how much someone would like getting a cupcake simply, for participating in a study, for example, their predictions were well calibrated (校准) with recipients’ reactions. But when people received cupcakes through a random act of kindness, the cupcake givers underestimated how positive their recipients would feel. Recipients of these unexpected actions tend to focus more on warmth than performers do.
Missing the importance of warmth may stand in the way of being kinder in daily life. People know that cupcakes given in kindness can make them feel surprisingly good. If people undervalue this effect, they might not bother to carry out these warm, prosocial behaviors (亲社会行为).
And kindness can be contagious (传染的). In another experiment, we had people play an economic game that allowed us to examine what are sometimes called “pay it forward” effects. In this game, participants allocated money between themselves and a person whom they would never meet. People who had just been on the receiving end of a kind act gave substantially more to an anonymous (无名的) person than those who had not. The person who performed the initial act did not recognize that their generosity would spill over in these downstream interactions.
These findings suggest that what might seem small when we are deciding whether or not to do something nice for someone else could matter a great deal to the person we do it for. Given that these warm gestures can enhance our own mood and brighten the day of another person, why not choose kindness when we can
6．Why do people often fail to show kindness to others
A．They don’t know how to demonstrate their happiness clearly.
B．They can’t effectively take opportunities to be kind daily.
C．They undervalue the positive impact their kindness made.
D．They have no idea how to perform random acts of kindness.
7．Those who gave away hot chocolate at an ice-skating rink would ________.
A．feel more motivated with the recipients’ reactions
B．inspire strangers to follow their examples
C．expect more appreciation from recipients
D．think nothing of the random act of kindness
8．What can we learn about the cupcake receivers from the third paragraph
A．They overestimated the positive impact of the random kindness.
B．They attached more significance to unexpected acts of kindness.
C．They responded differently to the predictions after the experiment.
D．They longed for more opportunities to participate in similar studies.
9．What’s the main idea of paragraph 5
A．People sometimes suffer from “pay it forward” effect.
B．A kind act can earn people more economic benefits.
C．Generosity sometimes can be recognized initially.
D．Kindness can inspire people to follow one another.
10．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Kindness can have unexpected positive effect
B．Kindness can bring different people together
C．What should we do to ensure happiness in life
D．How can people get happiness without efforts
【答案】6．C 7．D 8．B 9．D 10．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一项研究发现，做善事可以给自己和他人带来意想不到的积极的影响。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Missing the importance of warmth may stand in the way of being kinder in daily life. People know that cupcakes given in kindness can make them feel surprisingly good. If people undervalue this effect, they might not bother to carry out these warm, prosocial behaviors (亲社会行为).(忽视温暖的重要性可能会阻碍你在日常生活中变得更友善。人们知道，善意的纸杯蛋糕会让他们感觉非常好。如果人们低估了这种影响，他们可能就不会费心去做这些温暖的、亲社会的行为)”可知，正是因为人们对善意带给他人的积极影响的低估，进而导致人们不会去做这些温暖的、亲社会的行为。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Although the people giving out the hot chocolate saw the act as relatively insignificant, it really mattered to the recipients.(尽管分发热巧克力的人认为这一行为相对微不足道，但对接受者来说确实很重要)”可知，分发热巧克力的人认为这一行为相对微不足道。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But when people received cupcakes through a random act of kindness, the cupcake givers underestimated how positive their recipients would feel. Recipients of these unexpected actions tend to focus more on warmth than performers do.(但是，当人们通过随机的善意行为收到纸杯蛋糕时，纸杯蛋糕赠送者低估了接受者的积极感受。这些意外行为的接受者往往比 执行者更关注温暖)”可知，接受者更加关注这种意外行为带给他们的温暖。故选B。
9．主旨大意题。根据第五段首句“And kindness can be contagious(善良是会传染的)”及下文“In another experiment, we had people play an economic game that allowed us to examine what are sometimes called “pay it forward” effects. In this game, participants allocated money between themselves and a person whom they would never meet. People who had just been on the receiving end of a kind act gave substantially more to an anonymous (无名的) person than those who had not. The person who performed the initial act did not recognize that their generosity would spill over in these downstream interactions.(在另一个实验中，我们让人们玩一个经济游戏，让我们检查有时被称为“传递”的效应。在这个游戏中，参与者在他们自己和一个他们永远不会见的人之间分配钱。那些刚刚接受了善举的人给匿名者的钱比没有接受善举的人多得多。做出最初行为的人没有意识到他们的慷慨会在这些下游的互动中溢出)”可知，第一句为本段的主题句，因而本段主要讲述善良可以激励人们相互效仿。故选D。
10．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段“In studies published online in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, a behavioral scientist and I examined a possible explanation: people who perform random acts of kindness underestimate how much recipients value their behavior.(在《实验心理学杂志》在线发表的研究中，一位行为科学家和我研究了一种可能的解释：那些随机做出善举的人低估了接受者对他们行为的重视程度)”及下文内容可知，本文主要讲述一项研究成果：随意的善举会带来意想不到的积极的影响。由此可知，Kindness can have unexpected positive effect适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
Passage 3
（2023·天津河西·统考二模）Reading is a complex and crucial skill that impacts the youth’s ability to perform as students. Therefore, it’s important to develop reading skills during childhood. A team of researchers focused on the effect of whole-body learning in instruction, known as embodied learning.
The research included 149 children, aged 5 to 6, who had just started school. They were divided into three groups: one that stood up and used their whole bodies to shape letter sounds; a seated group that shaped letter sounds with their hands and arms; and a control group that received traditional, seated instruction during which they wrote letters by hand.
“Our research showed that children who used their whole bodies to shape the sounds of letters became twice as proficient (熟练的) at letter sounds that are more difficult to learn as those who received traditional instruction,” says PhD student Linn Damsgaard of UCPH’s Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports.
With regard to difficult letter sounds, she adds, “There are many difficult letter sounds in Danish. These sounds are particularly important because once children become proficient at them, they will be better readers.”
Associate professor Jacob Wienecke, who led the study, explains, “The primary goal is to learn more about which methods can be used to give beginner readers a good start. The idea is that if, through play and movement, we can learn where their strengths truly lie, we’ll create a form of learning that combines reading with play, and that’s truly positive.”
Previously, the researchers showed that the children felt more motivated by teaching methods which included physical movement. Jacob Wienecke hopes this will provide an opportunity to inspire teachers and school managers to prioritize movement across subjects.
The study also investigated whether a direct effect of embodied learning could be found on children’s reading of individual words. This was not possible, which might be due to the fact that the children were at such an early stage of their literacy development that they could not yet use their knowledge of letter sounds to read words.
11．What were the participants required to do in the study
A．To pick out difficult letter sounds in Danish.
B．To learn new letters through repeated writing.
C．To learn letter sounds using different approaches.
D．To memorize some letter sounds as soon as possible.
12．How can embodied learning get children actively involved
A．By combining learning with games. B．By offering them chances to cooperate.
C．By inspiring them to overcome difficulties. D．By explaining instructions to them patiently.
13．What does Jacob expect of the research finding
A．Promoting harmonious teacher-student relationships.
B．Urging schools to pay attention to physical exercise.
C．Enabling researchers to carry out further studies.
D．Encouraging educators to apply it to teaching.
14．What does the last paragraph intend to tell us
A．Children prefer learning step by step.
B．Children are too little to use their knowledge smartly
C．Children lack enough practice to get fully improved.
D．Children’s learning still relies on adults’ instruction.
15．What could be the best title for the text
A．Whole-body learning — a good start to children’s reading
B．Embodied learning — a booster for children’s reading speed
C．Children’s reading skills matter a lot in their literacy development
D．Children’s literacy development depends on the flexibility of their bodies
【答案】11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了全身学习，又称为体验式学习可以有助于培养孩子阅读技能。文章介绍了与之相关的研究过程和发现。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段“The research included 149 children, aged 5 to 6, who had just started school. They were divided into three groups: one that stood up and used their whole bodies to shape letter sounds; a seated group that shaped letter sounds with their hands and arms; and a control group that received traditional, seated instruction during which they wrote letters by hand.(这项研究包括149名5到6岁的孩子，他们刚刚开始上学。他们被分成三组:一组站起来，用他们的整个身体来塑造字母的发音；一群坐着的人，用手和手臂发出字母的声音；而对照组则接受传统的坐式教学，在此期间他们用手写字母)”可知，参与者在研究中被要求用不同的方法学习字母的读音。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据第五段“The idea is that if, through play and movement, we can learn where their strengths truly lie, we’ll create a form of learning that combines reading with play, and that’s truly positive.(我们的想法是，如果通过游戏和运动，我们可以了解他们真正的优势所在，我们将创造一种将阅读与游戏结合起来的学习形式，这是真正积极的)”可知，体验式学习通过将学习与游戏相结合让孩子积极参与。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Jacob Wienecke hopes this will provide an opportunity to inspire teachers and school managers to prioritize movement across subjects.(雅各布·维内克希望这将提供一个机会，激励教师和学校管理者优先考虑跨学科教学)”可知，雅各布期望研究发现可以鼓励教育工作者将其应用于教学。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The study also investigated whether a direct effect of embodied learning could be found on children’s reading of individual words. This was not possible, which might be due to the fact that the children were at such an early stage of their literacy development that they could not yet use their knowledge of letter sounds to read words.(本研究还探讨了体验式学习是否会对儿童的单字阅读产生直接影响。这是不可能的，这可能是因为孩子们还处于读写能力发展的早期阶段，他们还不能使用他们的字母发音知识来阅读单词)”可知，最后一段想告诉我们孩子太小了，还不能聪明地运用他们的知识。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Reading is a complex and crucial skill that impacts the youth’s ability to perform as students. Therefore, it’s important to develop reading skills during childhood. A team of researchers focused on the effect of whole-body learning in instruction, known as embodied learning.(阅读是一项复杂而关键的技能，它会影响青少年作为学生的表现能力。因此，在儿童时期培养阅读技能是很重要的。一组研究人员专注于教学中全身学习的效果，被称为体验式学习)”结合文章主要说明了全身学习，又称为体验式学习可以有助于培养孩子阅读技能。文章介绍了与之相关的研究过程和发现。可知，A选项“全身学习——儿童阅读的良好开端”最符合文章标题。故选A。
Passage 4
（2023·天津河西·统考二模）People are being lured onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, and don’t realize that they’re paying for it by giving up loads of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages. Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.
The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook — you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things — your city, your photo, your friends’ names — were set, by default, to be shared with everyone on the Internet.
According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “less satisfying experience.”
Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends
The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites. “I think the senators rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,” Schrage admits.
I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it’s only the beginning, which is why I’m considering deactivating my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.
16．What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph
A．It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.
B．It makes money by putting on advertisements.
C．It earns money by selling its user’s personal data
D．It provides a lot of information to its users
17．What does the author say about most Facebook users
A．They don’t know their personal data enriches Facebook
B．They are unwilling to give up their personal information
C．They don’t identify themselves when using website
D．They care very little about their personal information
18．Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage
A．To help its users make more friends B．To obey the Federal guidelines
C．To make money by attracting more users D．To offer better service to its users
19．What does Senator Charles Schumer argue for
A．Setting guidelines for advertising on websites
B．Setting rules for social-networking sites
C．Stopping sharing user’s personal information
D．Removing ads from all social-networking sites
20．Why does the author plan to stop using his Facebook account
A．He is dissatisfied with its service. B．He finds many of its users untrustworthy.
C．He doesn’t want his personal data abused. D．He is upset by its frequent rule changes.
【答案】16．C 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Facebook通过卖用户的信息来挣钱，隐私问题已经让Facebook在华盛顿陷入了困境。作者对此表示反对。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段“Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.(然后，Facebook试图通过将他们的数据出售给想要发送目标信息的广告商来赚钱)”可知，Facebook通过卖用户的信息来挣钱，故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段“Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages. Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening.(然后，Facebook试图通过将他们的数据出售给想要发送目标信息的广告商来赚钱。大多数Facebook用户都没有意识到这一点)”可知，大多数Facebook用户不知道他们的个人数据丰富了Facebook。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段“According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “less satisfying experience.”(Facebook副总裁Elliot Schrage表示，该公司只是在做出改变，以改善其服务，如果人们不分享信息，他们的体验就会“不那么令人满意”)”可知，Facebook修改其规则是为了提高服务质量就是更好的服务于用户。故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“He also urged the Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites.(他还敦促委员会为社交网站制定指导方针)”可知，参议员查尔斯·舒默主张为社交网站制定规则。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it’s only the beginning, which is why I’m considering deactivating my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.(我怀疑，不管Facebook到目前为止做了什么侵犯我们隐私的事情，这只是一个开始，这就是我考虑停用我的账户的原因。Facebook是一个方便的网站，但我很难过，因为我的信息掌握在我不信任的人手中。这个代价太高了)”可知，作者打算停止使用他的Facebook账户因为他不希望自己的个人数据被滥用。故选C。
Passage 5
（2023·天津河东·统考二模）Your circle of friends may help you get a better reading on your overall health and wellness rather than just using wearable devices such as a Fitbit, according to researchers.
The study, published in the journal PLOS ONE, analyzed what the structure of social networks says about the state of health, happiness and stress.
“We were interested in the topology(拓扑学) of the social network—what does my position within my social network predict about my health and well-being ” said Nitesh V. Chawla, a professor at the University of Notre Dame in the US.
“What we found was the social network structure provides a significant improvement in predictability of wellness states of an individual over just using the data derived( 获得)from wearables, like the number of steps or heart rate,” Chawla said.
For the study, participants wore a Fitbit to capture health behavior data about walking, sleeping, heart rate and overall activity level. They also completed surveys and self-assessments(自我评估)of their stress, happiness and positivity.
Chawla and his team then analyzed the data with a machine-learning model, alongside the connections and characteristics of an individual’s social network.
The study showed a strong correlation (相关性)between social network structures, heart rate, number of steps and level of activity.
Social network structure provided significant improvement in predicting one’s health and well-being compared to just looking at health behavior data from the Fitbit alone.
For example, when social network structure is combined with the data from wearables, the machine learning model achieved a 65 percent improvement in predicting happiness.
The model also achieved a 54 percent improvement in predicting one’s self-assessed health prediction, a 55 percent improvement in predicting positive attitude and a 38 percent improvement in predicting success.
“This study asserts that without social network information, we only have an incomplete view of an individual’s wellness state, and to be fully predictive or to be able to derive interventions(干预). It is critical to be aware of the social network,” Chawla said.
21．What did the study find
A．How your circle of friends influences you.
B．How people choose their friend circles.
C．What factors decide your friend circles.
D．What your circle of friends says about your health.
22．How did the researchers draw their conclusions
A．By comparing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing cause and effect. D．By describing personal experiences.
23．What does the underlined word “critical” mean in the last paragraph
A．Easy. B．Common. C．Important. D．Challenging.
24．What do Chawla’s words in the last paragraph tell us
A．How fitness devices can connect your circle of friends.
B．That a person’s social network is part of his health picture.
C．The best ways to make friends and keep a healthy social circle.
D．That wearable devices are not useful for understanding someone’s health.
25．According to Professor Chawla, what data did the topology of social network are likely not to capture
A．Information of heart rate. B．Facts of sleep mode.
C．The overall activities. D．Data of walking steps.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们的朋友圈子可能有助于他们更好地了解自己的整体健康状况。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Your circle of friends may help you get a better reading on your overall health and wellness”（你的朋友圈可能会帮助你更好地了解你的整体健康状况）可知，研究发现你的朋友圈有助于了解你的健康状况。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据第六段“Chawla and his team then analyzed the data with a machine-learning model, alongside the connections and characteristics of an individual’s social network. (乔拉和他的团队随后用机器学习模型分析数据，同时分析个人社交网络中的联系和特征。)”和倒数第二段“The model also achieved a 54 percent improvement in predicting one’s self-assessed health prediction, a 55 percent improvement in predicting positive attitude and a 38 percent improvement in predicting success.(该模型在预测一个人自我评估的健康预测方面也提高了54%，在预测积极态度方面提高了55%，在预测成功方面提高了38%。)”中的不同数字对比可知，研究者是通过比较数据的方法来得出结论的。故选A。
23．词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句“This study asserts that without social network information, we only have an incomplete view of an individual’s wellness state, and to be fully predictive or to be able to derive interventions(干预). (这一研究认为，如果没有社交网络信息,我们对个人的健康状况只有不完整的看法，不能够完全预测或获得干预措施。)”可知，意识到社交网络(的作用)很重要。所以画线词critical为“重要的”之意。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This study asserts that without social network information, we only have an incomplete view of an individual’s wellness state, and to be fully predictive or to be able to derive interventions(干预). It is critical to be aware of the social network, (这一研究认为，如果没有社交网络信息，我们对个人的健康状况只有不完整的看法，不能够完全预测或获得干预措施，所以意识到社交网络(的作用)是非常重要的。)”可推断，最后一段中乔拉的话主要表达的是一个人的社交网络是他的健康图谱的一部分。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第七段“The study showed a strong correlation (相关性)between social network structures, heart rate, number of steps and level of activity. (研究表明，社会网络结构、心率、步数和活动水平之间存在很强的相关性。)”可知，根据Chawla教授的说法，社交网络的拓扑结构可能无法获取睡眠模式的事实相关数据。故选B。
Passage 6
（2023·天津河东·统考二模）Do you think cookies can tell stories Jasmine Cho, 35, does.
A baker, artist, entrepreneur and activist, Cho tries to spread knowledge about social justice issues and diversity through the delicious medium of cookies.
It was in high school that she discovered her love of baking. At a sleepover a friend taught her how to make a dessert, “sort of demystifying baking and that whole process”.
Later, Cho realized her second passion: learning more about her Asian, American culture. An elective in college that taught Asian-American immigrant experiences brought an emotional moment for her. “So many emotions came up that I just couldn’t articulate. It was like this mix of anger, of relief, empowerment, sadness...” Cho said.
Cho realized she could combine these two passions to educate others about influential Asian American people and showcase matters that were important to her. With her online bakery, she designed cookie portraits about people she admired and posted the images on Instagram. “I don’t think I ever really knew how to communicate these stories until I found cookies,” Cho said. “Cookies are just so disarming. Who doesn’t like cookies ”
One cookie that Cho has identified with deeply is one she made of George Helm, a Hawaiian activist in the 1970s.
“It’s insane the amount of injustice that the native Hawaiian population has faced as well through the whole annexation (吞并) of the kingdom. There were so many horrific stories that I heard about nuclear testing and the fallout( 核爆炸后的沉降物)impacting native Hawaiian populations in all of this,” Cho said, “George Helm was one of those activists who really represented the spirituality of the native Hawaiians and the connection to their land, to nature.”
Among her amazing cookie art are other political figures such as Larry Itliong, a Filipino-American labor organizer, and pop culture figures such as Keanu Reeves, a Canadian actor.
Cho hopes her cookie art continues to inspire people to be creative and think positively.
“Instead of trying to think of something new and original, just look inward and see, maybe there’s already a passion or a love that you have,” Cho said. “Use that for something that will serve the world in a better way.”
26．What inspired Cho to take an interest in Asian-American culture
A．One of her sleepover experiences.
B．One elective she took at college.
C．The process of learning baking from her friend.
D．A book she read about Asian-American immigrant experiences.
27．The underlined word “articulate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean .
A．get rid of B．put up with
C．express in words D．stay focused
28．Why does Cho think cookies are a useful tool to promote Asian-American culture
A．Cookies don’t cost much. B．Cookies are easier to make.
C．Cookies have different images. D．Cookies are liked by many people.
29．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning George Helm in the passage
A．To inform the reader of Helm’s contributions to Hawaii.
B．To show what knowledge Cho focuses on with her cookies.
C．To introduce the spirituality of native Hawaiians.
D．To explain why Cho is interested in political activists.
30．What approach does Cho recommend to make a difference
A．Making use of your passion.
B．Turning to political figures for help.
C．Trying to do something creative and special.
D．Asking people around to work along with you.
31．What can best summarize the message contained in the passage
A．Think outside the box to break new ground.
B．Spread something original to one’s heart content.
C．Hold your horses for a better self.
D．Throw yourself into your inner world for a better one.
【答案】26．B 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．A 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jasmine Cho用烘焙技术制作饼干，设计饼干肖像，促进亚裔美国文化。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段“Later, Cho realized her second passion: learning more about her Asian, American culture. An elective in college that taught Asian-American immigrant experiences brought an emotional moment for her. “So many emotions came up that I just couldn’t articulate. It was like this mix of anger, of relief, empowerment, sadness...” Cho said. (后来，Cho意识到她的第二个爱好：更多地了解她的亚洲和美国文化。大学里一门教授亚裔美国移民经历的选修课让她动情。“太多的情绪涌上心头，我无法表达。就像是愤怒、解脱、赋权、悲伤的混合体……” Cho说。)”可知，Cho在大学选修的一门课激发了她对亚裔美国文化的兴趣。故选B。
27．词句猜测题。根据划线词后句“It was like this mix of anger, of relief, empowerment, sadness... (就像是愤怒、解脱、赋权、悲伤的混合体……)”可知，太多的情绪涌上Cho的心头，以至于无法表达。所以articulate为“表达”之意。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据第五段“Cho realized she could combine these two passions to educate others about influential Asian American people and showcase matters that were important to her. With her online bakery, she designed cookie portraits about people she admired and posted the images on Instagram. “I don’t think I ever really knew how to communicate these stories until I found cookies,” Cho said. “Cookies are just so disarming. Who doesn’t like cookies ”(Cho意识到，她可以把这两种激情结合起来，教育其他人了解有影响力的亚裔美国人，并展示对她来说很重要的事情。在她的网上面包店，她设计了她崇拜的人的饼干肖像，并将这些照片发布在Instagram上。“在我发现饼干之前，我一直不知道如何传达这些故事，”Cho说。“饼干真的很让人放松。谁不喜欢饼干？”)”可知，Cho认为饼干是促进亚裔美国文化的有用工具是因为许多人喜欢饼干。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据第六段“One cookie that Cho has identified with deeply is one she made of George Helm, a Hawaiian activist in the 1970s. (有一种饼干让Cho产生了深刻的共鸣，那就是她在20世纪70年代以夏威夷活动家George Helm的肖像制作的饼干。)”、第七段“Cho said, “George Helm was one of those activists who really represented the spirituality of the native Hawaiians and the connection to their land, to nature.”(Cho说，“George Helm是那些真正代表夏威夷原住民精神以及与他们的土地和自然联系的活动家之一。”)”可推断，作者在文中提到George Helm的目的是为了用其肖像饼干来展示Cho专注于（传递）什么知识。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Instead of trying to think of something new and original, just look inward and see, maybe there’s already a passion or a love that you have,” Cho said. (“不要试图去想一些新的和原创的东西，只要向内看，看看，也许你已经有了一种激情或爱，”Cho说。)”可知，Cho建议利用你的激情来改变现状。故选A。
31．主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Instead of trying to think of something new and original, just look inward and see, maybe there’s already a passion or a love that you have,” Cho said. “Use that for something that will serve the world in a better way.”(“不要试图去想一些新的和原创的东西，只要向内看，看看，也许你已经有了一种激情或爱，”Cho说。“用它来做一些能更好地为世界服务的事情。”)”及全文可知，Jasmine Cho通过自己的爱好，更好地为世界服务。所以“投身于你的内心世界，以发现一个更好的世界” 能最好地概括文章中的信息。故选D。
Passage 7
（2023·天津·统考二模）Imagine a tasty bug landing on the web of a hungry spider. How does the spider detect its prey Spiders don’t have ears like we do, and many have poor eyesight. But they can sense vibrations, like those that happen when an unlucky insect touches their webs. And instead of eardrums, spiders hear using tiny, sensitive hairs that move in response to sounds.
Scientists recently learned that spiders can pick up sounds in another way: through their webs. “It’s basically using the web as the ear,” said Ron Miles, a professor of mechanical engineering at Binghamton University in New York.
Miles and his team studied orb-weaving spiders, which make wheel-shaped webs. The scientists placed the spiders in a specially designed quiet room. Then they played sounds on a loudspeaker. They tracked how the spiders reacted to different sounds played on a loudspeaker.
The spiders turned their bodies toward the sound. Some crouched (蹲伏) and stretched. Others raised their front legs. The scientists said this suggested that the spiders knew where the sounds came from.
Miles said that spiders use their web like a giant extended ear. If an insect is flying nearby, for instance, “that’s going to cause the web to vibrate because of the sound,” Miles said. “That kind of gets the spider’s attention.”
Spiders might even use their webs to tune in to a variety of sounds. Miles said they suspect that the spider is able to adjust the web’s tension, or how tightly they stretch the web. This way, it can pick up certain types of sounds.
Miles hopes the research on spiders will help us find better ways to detect sound. Most microphones today work by sensing pressure and turning it into an electronic signal. But in the natural world, “spiders aren’t sensing pressure”.
Miles said: “Most animals don’t hear that way; they sense the motion of the air.” Future microphones, like those used in hearing aids, could someday have a design like this in mind.
The next time you see a spider, Miles suggested, watch how it reacts to sounds, like your footsteps — though what those noises mean to the spider remains somewhat of a mystery. “Spiders don’t have good facial expressions,” Miles laughed. “It’s hard to read them.”
32．Spiders know an insect lands on their web by ________.
A．seeing it trying to escape the web B．sensing the motion it makes
C．using its ears to hear it moving D．growing tiny hairs to find it
33．Scientists play sounds on loudspeakers in the experiment to ________.
A．observe how the spiders would react B．assist the spiders in catching their prey
C．encourage the spiders to build new webs D．protect people from spiders
34．Why do spiders need to use their webs like a giant ear
A．It keeps them safe from dangerous animals. B．It shows them when they need a new web.
C．It helps them detect insects flying nearby. D．It lets them communicate with other spiders.
35．Spiders adjust the tension in their webs to ________.
A．block out sounds that scare away insects B．help them pick up certain types of sounds
C．allow them to make sounds that attract prey D．make sounds that get other spiders’ attention
36．What does Miles believe is the significance of studying spiders
A．It could lead to hearing aids that sense pressure.
B．It shows that even small animals can make noise.
C．It could allow people to sense the force created by sounds.
D．It could result in microphones that sense the motion of air.
【答案】32．B 33．A 34．C 35．B 36．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了许多蜘蛛的视力很差，但它们能感知振动，就像一只倒霉的昆虫碰到它们的网时所发生的振动一样。文章介绍了针对蜘蛛感知运动的研究开展情况以及发现。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段“But they can sense vibrations, like those that happen when an unlucky insect touches their webs. And instead of eardrums, spiders hear using tiny, sensitive hairs that move in response to sounds. (但它们能感知振动，就像一只倒霉的昆虫碰到它们的网时所发生的振动一样。蜘蛛不是用耳膜，而是用微小而敏感的毛发来听到声音，这些毛发会对声音做出反应)”可知，蜘蛛通过感知昆虫的动作来知道昆虫落在了它们的网上。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“Then they played sounds on a loudspeaker. They tracked how the spiders reacted to different sounds played on a loudspeaker. (然后他们用扬声器播放声音。他们追踪了蜘蛛对扬声器播放的不同声音的反应)”可知，科学家们在实验中通过扬声器播放声音来观察蜘蛛的反应。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据第五段“Miles said that spiders use their web like a giant extended ear. If an insect is flying nearby, for instance, “that’s going to cause the web to vibrate because of the sound,” Miles said. “That kind of gets the spider’s attention.” (迈尔斯说，蜘蛛的网就像一个巨大的伸出来的耳朵。例如，如果一只昆虫在附近飞行，“这将导致蛛网因为声音而振动，”迈尔斯说。“这样能引起蜘蛛的注意。”)”可知，蜘蛛把它们的网当作一个巨大的耳朵是为了帮助它们探测附近飞行的昆虫。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据第六段“Spiders might even use their webs to tune in to a variety of sounds. Miles said they suspect that the spider is able to adjust the web’s tension, or how tightly they stretch the web. This way, it can pick up certain types of sounds. (蜘蛛甚至可以用它们的网来收听各种各样的声音。迈尔斯说，他们怀疑蜘蛛能够调节网的张力，或者它们把网拉伸得有多紧。通过这种方式，它可以拾取特定类型的声音)”可知，蜘蛛通过调整网的张力来帮助它们捕捉特定类型的声音。故选B。
36．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Miles said: “Most animals don’t hear that way; they sense the motion of the air.” Future microphones, like those used in hearing aids, could someday have a design like this in mind. (迈尔斯说：“大多数动物听不到这种声音；它们能感觉到空气的运动。”未来的麦克风，比如用于助听器的麦克风，有一天可能会有这样的设计)”可知，Miles认为研究蜘蛛的意义是可能会产生能感知空气运动的麦克风。故选D。
Passage 8
（2023·天津·统考二模）“If you were bored, it wasn’t because there was nothing to do. It was because you hadn’t put enough effort into.” That was my Mum’s philosophy. Boredom has become trendy.
Some new studies show how boredom is good for creativity and innovation, as well as mental health. It is found that people were more creative following the completion of a boring and dull task. When people are bored, they have an increase in “associative thought”—the process of making new connections between ideas, which is linked to innovative thinking. These studies are impressive, but in reality, the benefits of boredom may be related to having time to clear your mind, be quiet or daydream.
In our world, it seems unrealistic that boredom could occur at all. Yet, there are valid reasons boredom may feel so painful. As it turns out, boredom might signal the fact that you have a need that isn’t being met. Our always-on world of social media may result in more connections, but they are superficial (表面的) and can get in the way of building a real sense of belonging. Feeling bored may signal the desire for a greater sense of community and the feeling that you fit in with others around you. So take the step of joining an organization to build face-to-face relationships. You’ll find depth that you won’t get from your screen no matter how many likes you get on your post.
Bored people often report that they feel a limited sense of meaning. If you want to reduce boredom and increase your sense of meaning, seek work where you can make a unique contribution, or find a cause you can support with your time and talent. If your definition of boredom is being quiet, mindful, and reflective, keep it up. But if you’re struggling with real boredom and the emptiness it provokes, consider whether you might seek new connections and more significant challenges. These are the things that will genuinely ease boredom and make you more effective in the process.
37．What was the opinion of the author’s mom towards boredom
A．She thought it a philosophical question.
B．She considered her life was boring.
C．She believed it indicates having too much energy.
D．She thought less effort led to boredom.
38．What have studies found about boredom
A．It boosts innovative thinking.
B．It is a result of doing boring tasks.
C．It helps people connect with others.
D．It does harm to one’s mental health.
39．What do we learn about social media from the passage
A．It may be a barrier to expanding one’s connections.
B．It may get in the way of enhancing one’s social status.
C．It may prevent people from developing a genuine sense of community.
D．It may make people feel that they ought to fit in with the outside world.
40．What does the author suggest people do to get rid of boredom
A．Count the likes they get on their posts.
B．Reflect on how they relate to others.
C．Engage in real-life interactions.
D．Participate in online discussions.
41．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．The importance of doing something original.
B．Strategies on dealing with boredom.
C．Ways to increase the meaning of life.
D．The distinction between two types of boredom.
【答案】37．D 38．A 39．C 40．C 41．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们为什么会感觉到无聊，以及如何处理无聊。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第一段““If you were bored, it wasn’t because there was nothing to do. It was because you hadn’t put enough effort into.” That was my Mum’s philosophy.(‘如果你觉得无聊的话，那并不是因为你没有事情做，而且因为你没有投入足够多的精力’，这就是我妈妈的哲学。)”可知，在妈妈看来，感觉到无聊是因为做事情没有投入足够多的精力，故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Some new studies show how boredom is good for creativity and innovation, as well as mental health. It is found that people were more creative following the completion of a boring and dull task.(一些新的研究表明，无聊对创造力和创新有好处，同时也对身体健康有好处。据发现，人们在完成了一个无聊枯燥的任务后，会变得更加有创造力。)”可知，研究发现，无聊能刺激创新思维的发展，故选A。
39．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Our always-on world of social media may result in more connections, but they are superficial (表面的) and can get in the way of building a real sense of belonging. Feeling bored may signal the desire for a greater sense of community and the feeling that you fit in with others around you.(我们的社交媒体世界可能会带来更多的联系，但那都是表面的，并且会妨碍建立真正的归属感。)”可知，社交媒体只是表面上的看似带来了更多的联系，但却阻碍了人们获得真正的归属感，故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“So take the step of joining an organization to build face-to-face relationships. You’ll find depth that you won’t get from your screen no matter how many likes you get on your post.(因此，加入一个社区组织，建立面对面的关系。这样你就能找到你在屏幕上无法获得的深度，即使你在帖子上会获得很多赞。)”可知，作者建议人们积极参加真实的面对面的交流，故选C。
41．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句总结“These are the things that will genuinely ease boredom and make you more effective in the process.(这些都是能帮助你真正减轻无聊，并让你在这个过程中更有效率的方法。)”可知，文章最后一段主要介绍的是如何处理无聊的方法，故选B。
Passage 9
（2023·天津·校联考二模）As people travelling by air become increasingly aware of their carbon footprint, flying has become not only one of the most polluting industries, but also one with the most potential to turn things around.
After Solar Impulse 2 completed the world’s first flight by a solar-powered aircraft in 2016, airlines and aircraft producers looked to become the first to provide a commercial plane. Bertrand Piccard, one of the pilots responsible for Solar Impulse 2’s journey said, “Al1 the clean technologies we’ve already had can be used everywhere. We have to use them, not only for the environment, but also because they are profitable and able to create jobs.”
The following year saw many projects in the aviation (航空) field as the airline industry acknowledged the future of low- carbon transportation methods. In 2017, Zunum Aero, a small aviation company which focused on delivering a range of hybrid-electric (混合电动的) planes received financial aid from JetBlue and Boeing, whilst EasyJet teamed up with Wright Electric to develop battery-powered aircraft and NASA also announced its plans to develop its own electric aircraft.
Orkney Islands, lying about 20 miles north of the Scottish mainland, are rich in renewable resources, especially the wind energy. Loganair, a Scottish airline, is cooperating with aviation companies to make Orkney the world’s first fully electric airline routes. However, this is never easy. Due to the limited size and weight of a battery that an airplane can carry, airplane producers are faced with a bottleneck—the continued power supply for electric airplanes. They believe the abundant wind energy in Orkney could be the key to solving it.
The benefits of electric air travel transcend its low-carbon emissions. Aviation experts believe these aircraft’s power source will also mean they will be less noisy, smaller, require less maintenance costs, and need a shorter runway to take off and land—this could lead to more airports in small cities and more rural areas being connected to the world at large.
42．What did Bertrand want to convey in his words
A．The future of aircraft pilots.
B．The success of Solar Impulse 2.
C．The convenience of commercial planes.
D．The significance of using renewable energy.
43．How did EasyJet carry out the low-carbon transportation methods
A．By asking for financial support from banks.
B．By working together with another company.
C．By purchasing patents from other countries.
D．By improving the technology on its own.
44．What will airplane producers probably do to make Orkney’s electric airline routes a reality
A．Use natural resources to charge airplanes.
B．Build more coal-fired power stations.
C．Develop shorter airline routes.
D．Increase the size of battery.
45．What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Go beyond. B．Rely on. C．Differ from. D．Refer to.
46．What’s the benefit of electric planes besides its green footprint
A．Making plane tickets cheaper.
B．Making the flying time shorter.
C．Making the world more connected.
D．Making the plane maintenance easier.
【答案】42．D 43．B 44．A 45．A 46．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了清洁能源在航空行业的运用所带来的好处。
42．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Bertrand Piccard, one of the pilots responsible for Solar Impulse 2’s journey said, “Al1 the clean technologies we’ve already had can be used everywhere. We have to use them, not only for the environment, but also because they are profitable and able to create jobs.” (负责“阳光动力2号”飞行的飞行员之一伯特兰·皮卡德说：“我们已经拥有的所有清洁技术都可以在任何地方使用。我们必须利用它们，不仅是为了环境，还因为它们有利可图，能够创造就业机会。”)”可知，Bertrand表示使用清洁技术不仅对环境有好处，还能创造岗位，这是使用清洁能源的意义。故选D项。
43．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“EasyJet teamed up with Wright Electric to develop battery-powered aircraft (易捷航空与莱特电气合作开发电池驱动飞机)”可知，EasyJet与Wright电气公司合作开发电池驱动飞机。故选B项。
44．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Loganair, a Scottish airline, is cooperating with aviation companies to make Orkney the world’s first fully electric airline routes. However, this is never easy. Due to the limited size and weight of a battery that an airplane can carry, airplane producers are faced with a bottleneck—the continued power supply for electric airplanes. They believe the abundant wind energy in Orkney could be the key to solving it. (苏格兰航空公司洛根航空正与航空公司合作，使奥克尼成为世界上第一条全电动航线。然而，这并不容易。由于飞机可携带的电池的尺寸和重量有限，飞机制造商面临着一个瓶颈——电动飞机的持续电力供应。他们认为奥克尼岛丰富的风能可能是解决这个问题的关键。)”可知，奥克尼岛丰富的风能可能是解决电动飞机持续电力供应问题的关键，说明他们将利用自然资源来给飞机供电。故选A项。
45．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段“The benefits of electric air travel transcend its low-carbon emissions. Aviation experts believe these aircraft’s power source will also mean they will be less noisy, smaller, require less maintenance costs, and need a shorter runway to take off and land (电动航空旅行的好处超越了它的低碳排放。航空专家认为，这些飞机的动力来源也意味着它们的噪音更小，体积更小，维护成本更低，并且需要更短的跑道起降)”可知，电动航空飞行的好处transcend它的低碳排放，它还有噪音更小、体积更小、维护成本更低、需要的跑道更短等优点，由此可知，此处应指它的好处不仅仅是低碳。A. Go beyond超出、胜过；B. Rely on依赖；C. Differ from与……不同；D. Refer to谈到、提及。transcend为动词，表示“超出、超越”，此处与go beyond为同义词。故选A项。
46．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Aviation experts believe these aircraft’s power source will also mean they will be less noisy, smaller, require less maintenance costs, and need a shorter runway to take off and land—this could lead to more airports in small cities and more rural areas being connected to the world at large. (航空专家认为，这些飞机的动力来源也意味着它们噪音更小、体积更小、维护成本更低，而且需要更短的跑道起降——这可能会导致小城市和更多农村地区的机场与世界接轨。)”可知，电动飞机还有噪音更小、体积更小、维护成本更低、需要的跑道更短等特点，而这可能会导致小城市和更多的农村地区的气场与世界接轨。由此可推知，这会导致世界联系更紧密。故选C项。
Passage 10
（2023·天津·校联考二模）Industry and educators all agree that the world needs creativity. There is interest in the field, lots of urging but very little action. Everyone is a bit scared of what to do next. On the question of creativity and imagination, they are mostly uncreative and unimaginative.
Educators seek artificial ways to change imaginative activity into problem-solving models that end up compromising the very creativity they celebrate. Creativity is often reduced to problem-solving. To be exact, you need imagination to solve many problems and creativity is part of what it takes. But problem-solving is far from the whole of creativity; and if you only focus creative thinking on problems and solutions, you will fall into a trap.
For teaching purposes, problems are an anxious place to cultivate creativity. If you think of anyone coming up with an idea — a new song, a dance step or a joke, it isn’t necessarily about a problem but rather an opportunity for the mind to exercise its independence. This is the purpose behind the theory of scholars now called “Big C Creativity”, which is the breakthrough Lind of thinking or science, such as Mozart’s Alla Turca and Einstein’s theory of relativity. But the same is true of everyday “Small C Creativity” that isn’t specifically problem-based.
Enjoying the independence of the mind is the basis for naturally imaginative activity, like humor or amusing answers.
Our contemporary education systematically damages creativity and unintentionally punishes students for exercising their imagination. Schools use grades to evaluate students, which is a passive attack to the imagination.
It might be indeed impossible to teach creativity but the least we can do for our students is to make school a safe place for imagination. My viewpoint is that learning outcomes are only good for uncreative study. For education to cultivate creativity and imagination, we need to stop asking students anxiously to follow demonstrable (可论证的) proofs learning which cause a burden to students’ imagination.
47．What can be learned from the first paragraph
A．Educators are uncreative in teaching.
B．The world has lost interest in creativity.
C．People fail to do much to become creative.
D．Educators have got down to cultivating creative students.
48．What’s the author’s attitude to educators changing creativity into problem-solving models
A．Positive. B．Indifferent. C．Neutral. D．Disapproving.
49．Which of the following is a “Big C Creativity”
A．Mike finds a way to solve a math problem.
B．Tom makes a discovery in the Biology field.
C．Darwin answers a question humorously
D．Mary learns to sing a new song.
50．According to the author, what can be done to help cultivate students’ creativity
A．Encouraging students to get rid of fixed rules of learning.
B．Helping students to obtain better learning outcomes.
C．Starting more classes to teach students creativity.
D．Providing students with a safe place to study.
51．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Why docs the world need creativity
B．Why is it impossible to teach creativity
C．How can we solve problems more creatively
D．How can educators build better schools for students
【答案】47．C 48．D 49．B 50．A 51．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虽然业界和教育工作者一致认为世界需要创造力，但是创造力是不能被教授的，并分析了原因。
47．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Industry and educators all agree that the world needs creativity. There is interest in the field, lots of urging but very little action. Everyone is a bit scared of what to do next. On the question of creativity and imagination, they are mostly uncreative and unimaginative.(业界和教育工作者一致认为，世界需要创造力。人们对这个领域很感兴趣，很多人在敦促，但很少有行动。每个人都有点害怕下一步该做什么。在创造力和想象力的问题上，他们大多是缺乏创造力和想象力的)”可知，虽然人们明白创造力的重要性，可是却没有做多少来拥有创造力。故选C。
48．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Educators seek artificial ways to change imaginative activity into problem-solving models that end up compromising the very creativity they celebrate. Creativity is often reduced to problem-solving. To be exact, you need imagination to solve many problems and creativity is part of what it takes. But problem-solving is far from the whole of creativity; and if you only focus creative thinking on problems and solutions, you will fall into a trap.(教育工作者寻求人为的方法，将富有想象力的活动转变为解决问题的模式，最终损害了他们所颂扬的创造力。创造力往往被简化为解决问题。准确地说，你需要想象力来解决许多问题，而创造力是解决问题所需要的一部分。但解决问题远不是创造力的全部；如果你只把创造性思维集中在问题和解决方案上，你就会陷入一个陷阱)”可推知，作者对于教育者将创造力转变为解决问题的模式非常反对，作者认为这样的教育方式最终损害了教育者所颂扬的创造力。故选D。
49．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“For teaching purposes, problems are an anxious place to cultivate creativity. If you think of anyone coming up with an idea — a new song, a dance step or a joke, it isn’t necessarily about a problem but rather an opportunity for the mind to exercise its independence. This is the purpose behind the theory of scholars now called “Big C Creativity”, which is the breakthrough Lind of thinking or science, such as Mozart’s Alla Turca and Einstein’s theory of relativity.(从教学的角度来说，问题是培养创造力的好地方。如果你想到有人想出了一个主意——一首新歌、一个舞步或一个笑话，它不一定是关于一个问题，而是一个让大脑锻炼其独立性的机会。这就是学者们所谓的“大C创造力”理论背后的目的，它是思维或科学的突破，如莫扎特的土耳其进行曲和爱因斯坦的相对论。)”可知，所谓的“大C创造力”指的是思维或科学的突破。由此推知，四个选项中的选项B“Tom makes a discovery in the Biology field.(汤姆在生物学领域有了新发现)”指的是在科学领域的新发现。故选B。
50．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It might be indeed impossible to teach creativity but the least we can do for our students is to make school a safe place for imagination. My viewpoint is that learning outcomes are only good for uncreative study. For education to cultivate creativity and imagination, we need to stop asking students anxiously to follow demonstrable(可论证的) proofs learning which cause a burden to students’ imagination.(教授创造力可能是不可能的，但我们至少可以为学生做的是让学校成为一个想象的安全场所。我的观点是，学习成果只对非创造性的学习有好处。为了培养创造力和想象力，我们需要停止要求学生焦虑地遵循可论证的学习方法，这对学生的想象力造成了负担)”可知，作者认为如果想要培养学生的创造力，教师可以鼓励学生摆脱固定的学习方法。故选A。
51．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Educators seek artificial ways to change imaginative activity into problem-solving models that end up compromising the very creativity they celebrate. Creativity is often reduced to problem-solving. To be exact, you need imagination to solve many problems and creativity is part of what it takes. But problem-solving is far from the whole of creativity; and if you only focus creative thinking on problems and solutions, you will fall into a trap.(教育工作者寻求人为的方法，将富有想象力的活动转变为解决问题的模式，最终损害了他们所颂扬的创造力。创造力往往被简化为解决问题。准确地说，你需要想象力来解决许多问题，而创造力是解决问题所需要的一部分。但解决问题远不是创造力的全部；如果你只把创造性思维集中在问题和解决方案上，你就会陷入一个陷阱)”可知，作者认为教育工作者目前的教学方法并不能培养创造力；而根据倒数第二段“Our contemporary education systematically damages creativity and unintentionally punishes students for exercising their imagination. Schools use grades to evaluate students, which is a passive attack to the imagination.(我们的当代教育系统地损害了创造力，无意中惩罚了学生发挥想象力的行为。学校用分数来评价学生，这是对想象力的被动攻击)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要分析了创造力不能教授的原因。由此可知，“Why is it impossible to teach creativity (为什么不可能教授创造力？)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
一模汇编
Passage 1
（2023·天津·校联考一模）Charity is simple in theory: A heart warms, a hand reaches out. In practice, though, charity can become a troubled mix of motives and consequences. Giving can be driven by guilt, duty, praise, or perhaps the hope that giving will somehow make up for past cruelty or ignorance. Too little charity is far less than valuable. Too much can cause over-reliance, which makes the receiver continuously ask for more.
Giving from the heart is good. But critics have long worried about misdirected charity that does more harm than good. In his 2012 book, Harmful Charity: How Churches and Charities Hurt Those They Help (And How to Solve the Problem), Robert Lupton, an experienced social worker of 40 years of community work in inner-city Atlanta, argues that charity must not do for the poor what they can do for themselves.
Due to emergencies such as natural disasters, the afterward financial aid is greatly welcome. Mr. Lupton advocates it should focus on the development of self-supporting. The task can be carried out via, for instance, offering micro-loans, hiring local builders and suppliers, and trying to found self-supported, locally owned and operated factories. What seldom works, he argues, are untargeted handouts from far-off providers and the sudden arrival of inexperienced volunteer-tourists hoping to earn personal reputation by digging wells or mending roofs that locals are perfectly able to take care of themselves.
Getting charity right isn’t easy. But from money raising to the rising in volunteering among Millennials(千禧一代), from the increasing worldwide willingness to give to the efforts by charity organizations to become more effective and fruitful, there is strong evidence that human beings’ ability of taking care of others is growing along with their ability to help without harming.
Charity can be as simple as holding the door for a stranger and as complex as a global campaign to get rid of malaria(疟疾). Charity works best when it returns the weak to strength, and helps a small town shaken by an earthquake get back on its feet. A successful charity is one that eventually is no longer needed.
1．What can we know about charity in paragraph 1
A．Charity is simple in both theory and practice.
B．Some charity providers are cruel or ignorant.
C．There is much less chari