2023年天津市高考英语一模、二模试题阅读表达分项汇编（原卷版+解析版）

2023年天津市高考英语一模、二模试题阅读表达分项汇编（原卷版）
专题 阅读表达
二模汇编
Writing 1
（2023·天津和平·统考二模）The Appalachian Trail attracts thousands of serious hikers each spring, only one in four hikers completes the entire trail.
The Sutton family recently finished hiking the entire trail. They are a unique trio (三人组) as their son Harvey turned five on the trail, which makes him the youngest to complete the Appalachian Trail. Josh and Carrie Sutton said they needed to take, breaks from busy work called mini-retirements. “We set the family goal of living a life with extraordinary stories. Doing things like hiking with a child on the Appalachian Trail gives you extraordinary stories,” Josh Sutton said.
When Harvey turned three, they took him winter camping, and by the time he was four, the family completed a 50-mile hike, camping over six days. Seeing that Harvey developed a passion for hiking, they planned a thru-hike on the Appalachian Trail. Hiking from end to end is called a thru-hike and generally takes five to seven months to complete.
They hit the trail in Georgia on January 13, 2021. The first weeks were cold. The trail was icy and snow-covered, and the weather was often cloudy and bitter, so they made slow progress. They would wake up early each day, pack their gear (装备), and then start walking. As they had many miles to cover each day, they had to be inventive and started using imagination and Skittles (彩虹糖) as incentive for little Harvey.
The family completed their journey on August 9, 2021. Little Harvey learned to count all the way to 2,193, the total miles his little feet traveled, and a big number for someone who just started kindergarten. “I will do it again because like it so much,” said Harvey.
Although the Suttons are now back home, they have incredible memories of this mini-retirement. The journey is a life-changing experience for the Sutton family and is an inspiration for families who dream of taking a similar journey.
1．Why did the Sutton family decided to hike the Appalachian Tail (no more than 10 words)
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2．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about (no more than 10 words)
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3．What made their journey difficult (no more than 10 words)
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4．What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 5 probably mean (no more than 1 word)
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5．How does the Sutton family’s story inspire you Explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words)
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Writing 2
（2023·天津河西·统考二模）At the age of 15, Roxanne Black-Weisheit was told that she got lupus, a systemic autoimmune (自身免疫) disease that occurs when one’s body’s immune system attacks the healthy tissues and organs. Shortly after, Black-Weisheit desperately sought emotional support. She wanted a friend who could truly understand her situation, and she figured there were others who needed this, too.
So, during her first year of college, she created Friends’ Health Connection (FHC), a non-profit organization that helped people with similar health conditions.
As she was starting FHC, lupus was destroying her kidney function. During her senior year of college, she had her first kidney transplant and 13 years later, she had her second one. Through it all, she didn’t forgo FHC. She’d even transformed her hospital room into an “office” and worked in her hospital bed.
After graduation, she secured enough funding to continue growing her organization, and it became her full-time job. But, unfortunately, lupus and kidney transplants weren’t the end of Black-Weisheit’s health issues. Five years ago, at 42, she had lymphoma.
Black-Weisheit’s new disease left her extremely weak and tired, and she knew she had to make a choice about FHC． “Since my time and energy were limited and my future was uncertain, the board and I decided to close our office. I wanted to devote all my energy to keeping my family life as normal as possible,” she explained.
Her career didn’t end there, though. When she started feeling better, she felt the urge to start working again. Using her experience from FHC, she started a new company — Schedule , which helps other companies schedule different types of speakers for their events. This is now Black-Weisheit’s current job. But she missed running her own non-profit organization, so she started trying to figure out how to bring back FHC．
And, recently, she received some great news: A past FHC donor would provide her with a grant to get the organization running again.
6．What did Black-Weisheit realize shortly after being told that she got lupus (no more than 8 words)
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7．Why did Black-Weisheit create the non-profit organization FHC (no more than 10 words)
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8．How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 (no more than 10 words)
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9．What made Black-Weisheit decide to close the office in the end (no more than 5 words)
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10．What do you think of Black-Weisheit Why (no more than 20 words)
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Writing 3
（2023·天津·统考二模）Yesterday my parents were heading off on a little holiday and I took them to the train station, the rain was pouring down.
I got their luggage out, helped them get to the elevator and sent them on their way. As I was walking back to the parking lot, I saw an elderly man walking slowly toward the bus station. Obviously, he had no umbrella. I walked over and asked him where he was going. It turned out that he was heading to the same town as I was, just a 15-minute drive. I offered him a lift which he gratefully accepted.
We had a lovely chat on the way and I learned some of his history. He was 87 and heading to the nursing home he had just put his beloved wife in last week. He had his driving license taken away last year so he had to take public transport every day. A tear fell down his cheek as he told me about his wife. I tried to hold back my own tears but failed.
As I dropped him off at the entrance of the nursing home, I gave him the bunch of flowers I had in the car which I had given to my mom on Mother’s Day. I would much rather see the flowers indulged in by him and his wife than just take them back home. Tears rolled down his cheeks and he thanked me gratefully. As I made my way back to my car, I totally lost control of my emotions and cried like a baby. I just felt that all the stars shone for some reason and I was meant to meet him today. I was very glad to be able to help him in some way.
11．What was the purpose of the author’s visit to the train station (no more than 10 words)
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12．What was the elderly man going to do (no more than 10 words)
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13．How did the author feel about the elderly man (no more than 5 words)
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14．What does the underlined phrase “indulged in” in Paragraph 4 probably mean (1 word)
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15．What do you think of the author And give your reasons. (no more than 25 words)
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Writing 4
（2023·天津·校联考二模）My neighbor Josie was a good cook and college professor. We have been good friends for many years. Each early morning, Josie would invite me to join her in walking and she would make breakfast for me as a reward!
Josie planted a lovely garden. Every flower and vegetable made its debut (首秀) once a year. There were so many kinds that I could not even recognize what was growing, and we had the freshest salads in the neighborhood all summer long!
Each evening, Josie and I would sit in front of the garden. We would have a chat, exchanging our world views as well as funny jokes. However, one evening, Josie was a “no-show”. Then I heard the ambulance and saw her husband and children running outside. Josie suffered a stroke (中风).
Later, when I set eyes on her, she was in a wheelchair, covered in a thick blanket. She looked smaller and older than before. But how she chose to face it made me surprised. During the days when Josie had some strength, her husband wheeled her into the living room, and they watched old movies together. She called it “date time”. And during the most special days when Josie was doing well, her husband took her for a walk outside in her wheelchair. She called it “going on vacation”. Despite the fact that Josie was not expected to make a full recovery, they continued to watch movies and took lots of mini-vacations.
She is grateful for listening to her grandchildren telling stories to her, smelling a summer barbecue, sharing a laugh with her favorite neighbor, and being here for another day. I am thankful for her simple life lesson: Find the positive, and you will find your reason to live.
16．What was Josie like before she suffered a stroke (no more than 10 words)
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17．How was Josie’s skill in gardening (no more than 5 words)
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18．How can we understand the underlined part in Paragraph 3 (no more than 5 words)
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19．What made the author surprised after Josie suffered the stroke (no more than 10 words)
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20．How does Josie’s story inspire you Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
Writing 5
（2023·天津河东·统考二模）Last August I took part in the Summer Camp of the General Final Contest of the 16th National Creative English Contest held in Beijing. It was one of the most meaningful thing I did in my Senior 2 summer vacation.
The summer camp lasted from August 20 to August 27. During the opening ceremony, we each wrote a postcard to motivate ourselves. On my card I wrote, “Brace yourself and show your best,” These words supported me throughout every obstacle I experienced.
August 24 witnessed the important debate contest that many of us feared. The night before, my teammates and I sat in a circle, focusing our minds on the debate topic, “Does competition among friends adversely influence their friendships ”
All of us were busy searching for examples of Olympic athletes or other real-life people to back up our arguments. Time seemed to disappear faster than usual while we were working on this project.
Finally, the big day arrived. Only one minute before we went on the stage, an inner voice entered my mind, saying, “Brace yourself and show your best.” Preparing the details in my head allowed me to feel ready for the challenge. With my teammates backing me up, I drew myself up to full height and expressed my point of view as best as I could.
The results of the contest convinced me that my motto paid off—I entered the top 50, and two of my teammates placed in the top 10 due to their excellent performance. And through the strength of our teamwork, my friends and I became closer than ever. The more competition among friends, the firmer our friendship will be.
From those eight days, it isn’t the prize I valued the most but the breakthrough and the pure friendship I gained. It would be better to change my motor into “Brace yourself and fight together.” I firmly hold the belief that this period of time will live in my memory forever and will shine even brighter when I look back.
21．What did the team do in the Summer Camp (no more than 10 words)
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22．What did they prepare to support their argument (no more than 10 words)
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23．What’s the meaning of the underlined words “Brace yourself” (no more than 5 words)
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24．What’s the topic of the passage (no more than 10 words)
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25．In your opinion, how do you keep friendship (no more than 15 words)
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一模汇编
Writing 1
（2023·天津·校联考一模）Charity is simple in theory: A heart warms, a hand reaches out. In practice, though, charity can become a troubled mix of motives and consequences. Giving can be driven by guilt, duty, praise, or perhaps the hope that giving will somehow make up for past cruelty or ignorance. Too little charity is far less than valuable. Too much can cause over-reliance, which makes the receiver continuously ask for more.
Giving from the heart is good. But critics have long worried about misdirected charity that does more harm than good. In his 2012 book, Harmful Charity: How Churches and Charities Hurt Those They Help (And How to Solve the Problem), Robert Lupton, an experienced social worker of 40 years of community work in inner-city Atlanta, argues that charity must not do for the poor what they can do for themselves.
Due to emergencies such as natural disasters, the afterward financial aid is greatly welcome. Mr. Lupton advocates it should focus on the development of self-supporting. The task can be carried out via, for instance, offering micro-loans, hiring local builders and suppliers, and trying to found self-supported, locally owned and operated factories. What seldom works, he argues, are untargeted handouts from far-off providers and the sudden arrival of inexperienced volunteer-tourists hoping to earn personal reputation by digging wells or mending roofs that locals are perfectly able to take care of themselves.
Getting charity right isn’t easy. But from money raising to the rising in volunteering among Millennials(千禧一代), from the increasing worldwide willingness to give to the efforts by charity organizations to become more effective and fruitful, there is strong evidence that human beings’ ability of taking care of others is growing along with their ability to help without harming.
Charity can be as simple as holding the door for a stranger and as complex as a global campaign to get rid of malaria(疟疾). Charity works best when it returns the weak to strength, and helps a small town shaken by an earthquake get back on its feet. A successful charity is one that eventually is no longer needed.
1．What can we know about charity in paragraph 1
A．Charity is simple in both theory and practice.
B．Some charity providers are cruel or ignorant.
C．There is much less charity than needed.
D．Charity may result in dependence.
2．Why have critics worried about misdirected charity
A．It may have a bad impact on receivers. B．It may cause hurt to social workers.
C．It can be driven by guilt and duty. D．It may help less to the poor.
3．What can be a proper way to give charity in time of natural disasters
A．Hiring local workers. B．Founding advanced factories.
C．Building houses for victims. D．Giving untargeted handouts.
4．What can we learn from paragraph 4
A．It’s easy to give charity without harming.
B．Millennials enjoy earning personal reputation.
C．There appears ability promotion in giving charity.
D．Charity organizations are spreading all over the world.
5．What is the writing purpose of the text
A．To appeal for more charity.
B．To advocate getting charity right.
C．To introduce the process of performing charity.
D．To criticize unjust motives and results for charity.
Writing 2
（2023·天津南开·南开中学校考模拟预测）An Epidemic (流行病) of Depression Seligman is leading the charge in what might be called Happiness Revolution in psychology. Since World War II, psychologists have focused on fixing what is broken — repairing psychosis (精神病), and neurosis(神经衰弱). Research has piles up steadily when it comes to looking at patients who are neurotic, while the happy or joyful people among us have received little scientific examination.
When Seligman did a search to find academic articles about such “positive psychology” he found only 800 out of 70,000. “Psychologists tend to be concerned with taking a negative 8 person, and helping him get to negative 2,” said Seligman, a University of Pennsylvania psychology professor. “My aim is to take a plus 2 person and boost him to a plus 6.”
In the last 50 years, statistics have shown that we are less happy as a people. “While our quality of life has increased dramatically over that time, and we’ve become richer, we’re in an epidemic of depression,” Seligman said. “Depression is 10 times more common now, and life satisfaction rates are down as well.” Seligman argues that the new science he writes about is shifting psychology’s model away from its narrow-minded focus on pathology, victimology, and mental illness towards positive emotion, virtue and strength, and positive institutions that increase people’s happiness. If you want to be happy, forget about winning the lottery, getting a nose job, or securing a raise. In his new book, Authentic Happiness, psychologist Martin Seligman argues that overall lifetime happiness is not the result of good genes, money, or even luck. Instead, he says we can boost our own happiness by making use of the strengths and traits that we already have, including kindness, originality, humor, optimism, and generosity. He has named the discipline “Positive Psychology,” arguing that we would be better off building on our own strengths rather than bemoaning, and hence, trying to repair, our weakness. By frequently calling upon their strengths, people can build up natural barriers against misfortune and negative emotions, he said.
To cultivate happiness, we must first find out our individual strengths and virtues. Next, apply the qualities in such a way as to enhance our happiness-generating system.
6．Why could Seligman’s work be called Happiness Revolution
A．Because happy or joyful people among us also suffer from illness.
B．Because psychology is the emotional characteristic of an individual.
C．Because psychology is the science that deals with mental processes and behavior.
D．Because traditional research on psychology rarely concerns happy or joyful people.
7．What does Seligman mean by saying “take a plus 2 person and boost him to a plus 6”
A．We should focus on happy or joyful people.
B．The number of happy or joyful people will increase by 4.
C．“Positive psychology” articles need to be published more.
D．Happy people among us also need improve their mentality.
8．According to the passage, traditional opinion of psychology is __________.
A．encouraging B．optimistic C．subjective D．narrow-minded
9．Martin Seligman argues that authentic happiness results from___________.
A．good genes, money or luck B．positive mental status
C．contented life. D．a good job.
10．The main topic of the passage is ____________.
A．how we can cultivate our happiness. B．why material goods can’t boost people.
C．why we should cultivate our happiness. D．how complicated our happiness-generation system is.
Writing 3
（2023·天津·校联考一模）Do you play video games If so, you aren’t alone. Video games are becoming more common and are increasingly enjoyed by adults. The average age of gamers has been increasing and was estimated to be 35 in 2016. Changing technology also means that more people are exposed to video games. A new breed of casual gamers has come, who play on smart phones and tablets at spare moments throughout the day. But do they have any effect on our brains and behavior
Over the years, the media have made various claims about video games and their effect on our health and happiness. “Games have sometimes been praised or demonized, often without real data backing up those claims. Moreover, gaming is a popular activity, so everyone seems to have strong opinions on the topic”, says Marc Palaus, who with his colleagues wanted to see if any trends had appeared from the research to date concerning how video games affect the structure and activity of our brains. They collected the results from 116 scientific studies, 22 of which looked at structural changes in the brain and 100 of which looked at changes in brain functionality and behavior.
The studies show that playing video games can change how our brains perform; and even their structure. For example, playing video games affects our attention, and some studies found that gamers show improvements in several types of attention, such as sustained attention or selective attention. Video games can also be addictive, and this kind of addiction is called “Internet gaming disorder”. Researchers have found functional and structural changes in the neural (神经的) reward system in gaming addicts. These neural changes are basically the same as those seen in other addictive disorders.
So, what do all these brain changes mean “We focused on how the brain reacts to video game exposure, but these effects do not always translate to real-life changes,” says Palaus. As video games are still quite new, the research into their effects is still in its babyhood.
11．What factor causes a new breed of casual gamers to appear
A．Video games become more and more attractive.
B．The pressure from work becomes bigger and bigger.
C．Modern adults are usually very curious about new things.
D．The development of technology makes games easily accessible.
12．What does Palaus’ research focus on
A．Why video games affect brains.
B．How video games function in daily life.
C．What effects video games have on gamers’ brains.
D．Which brain regions are affected by video games.
13．By what way does Palaus carry out his research
A．By experiencing video games. B．By interviewing video gamers.
C．By doing scientific experiments. D．By analyzing new scientific studies.
14．According to the research, why do some gamers get addicted to video games
A．Because their physical health is damaged.
B．Because their memory systems are disturbed.
C．Because their neural reward systems are changed.
D．Because their communicative ability is weakened.
15．The last paragraph indicates that ________.
A．video games bring harm instead of benefits
B．the influence of video games needs a further study
C．there should be certain laws to regulate video games
D．the average age of video gamers has been increasing
Writing 4
（2023·天津红桥·统考一模）Tens of thousands of ancient pictures carved into the rocks at one of France’s most important tourist sites are being gradually destroyed. Scientists and researchers fear that the 36,000 drawings on rocks in Mont Bego in the French Alps are being damaged so rapidly that they will not survive for future generations.
The mountain believed to have once been a site for prayer is scattered with 4000-year-old drawings cut into bare rock. But as the popularity of the site increases, the pictures are being ruined by thoughtless graffiti.
Jean Clottes is the chairman of the International Committee on Rock Art. He says “People think that because the pictures have been there so long they will always continue to be there. But if the damage continues at this rate there will be nothing left in 50 years.”
He describes seeing tourists stamping on the drawings, wearing away the rock and clearness of the artwork as they do so. Some visitors he says even cut off parts to take home as souvenirs. Other researchers describe how people arrive carrying long sticks with sharp ends to scratch their own drawings, or even their names in the rocks.
But experts are divided over the best way to preserve the drawings. Henry de Lumley, director of the Museum of Natural History in Paris, believes that the only way to save the site is to turn the whole mountain into a “no-go” area, preventing the public from going there except on guided tours.
Clottes disagrees. “The measure suggested by Henry de Lumley is the most severe, and while it is the most effective, it is also certain to bring about protests from people who live there” he said. “The site was classified as a historic monument years ago by the Ministry of Culture and we must do as much as possible to save what is there.”
Annie Echassoux who also worked on researching the site is alarmed that as the mountain becomes easier to reach — tourists can now avoid the three-and-a-half-hour walk by hiring vehicles — the damage will increase rapidly. She thinks that the only solution is to rope off the area and provide guides. “You can’t say the plan can’t go ahead because there is no money ” she said. “That is not good enough. Money must be provided because the Ministry of Culture has classified this area as a historic site. If we don’t take steps, we will be responsible for losing the drawings for the next generation.”
16．Jean Clottes says that people who visit the mountain________.
A．do not believe the drawings are old. B．believe they are allowed to paint there
C．assume the drawings will not disappear D．think the drawings should be left alone
17．According to Jean Clottes some of the visitors to the area have________.
A．taken bits of the rock home B．helped to clean the drawings
C．been unable to take photographs D．misunderstood what the pictures mean
18．Henry de Lumley is eager to________.
A．protect public rights B．ban traffic in the area
C．set up research projects D．keep out individual visitors
19．Which word best describes Annie Echassoux’s attitude towards saving the historic site
A．Worried. B．Supportive. C．Disappointed. D．Hesitant.
20．This passage has been written about Mont Bego to ________.
A．advertise the closing of the site B．encourage scientists to visit the site
C．describe fears for the future of the site D．warn visitors about the dangers of the site
Writing 5
（2023·天津·校联考一模）According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.
So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States According to the public, at least, it’s not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.
It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive (领导层) jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.
Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate (选民) and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.
As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it’s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.
21．What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey
A．They have to do more to distinguish themselves.
B．They have to strive harder to win their positions.
C．They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.
D．They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.
22．What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles
A．They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.
B．They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.
C．Their failures may have something to do with family duties.
D．Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.
23．What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey
A．Personality traits. B．Sex discrimination.
C．Family responsibilities. D．Lack of vacancies.
24．What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future
A．More and more women will sit in the boardroom.
B．Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.
C．The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.
D．People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.
25．What do most Americans expect to see soon on America’s political stage
A．A woman in the highest position of government.
B．More and more women actively engaged in politics.
C．A majority of women voting for a female president.
D．As many women in top government positions as men.
Writing 6
（2023·天津南开·统考一模）The rapid pace of global warming and its effects on habitats raise the question of whether species are able to keep up so that they remain in suitable living conditions. Some animals can move fast to adjust to a quickly changing climate. Plants, being less mobile, rely on means such as seed dispersal (传播) by animals, wind or water to move to new areas, but this redistribution typically occurs within one kilometer of the original plant. Writing in Nature, Juan P. González-Varo sheds light on the potential capacity of migratory (迁徙的) birds to aid seed dispersal.
González-Varo and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change through the help of migrating birds. They analyzed an impressive data set of 949 different seed-dispersal interactions between bird and plant communities, together with data on entire fruiting times and migratory patterns of birds across Europe.
The authors hypothesized (假定) that the direction of seed migration depends on how the plants interact with migratory birds, the frequency of these interactions or the number of bird species that might transport seeds from each plant species.
Perhaps the most striking feature of these inferred seed movements is the observation that 35 percent of plant species across European communities, which are closely related on the phylogenetic tree (进化树谱), might benefit from long-distance dispersal by the northward journey of migratory birds. This particular subset (小组) of plants tends to fruit over a long period of time, or has fruits that persist over the winter. This means that the ability of plants to keep up with climate change could be shaped by their evolutionary history – implying that future plant communities in the Northern Hemisphere (半球) will probably come from plant species that are phylogenetically closely related and that have migrated from the south.
This study provides a great example of how migratory birds might assist plant redistribution to new locations that would normally be difficult for them to reach on their own, and which might offer a suitable climate.
26．The rapid pace of global warming and its effect are mentioned in Paragraph 1 ________.
A．to call public attention to seed dispersal
B．to show the threat of climate change to human beings
C．to provide the background of González -Varo’s research
D．to explain why some animals can adapt to climate change
27．How could plants keep pace with the rapid climate change according to González-Varo
A．With the help of wind and water.
B．With the help of migratory birds.
C．By adjusting themselves to the climate.
D．By relying on animals on land.
28．How did González-Varo and his colleagues conduct the research
A．By analyzing related data.
B．By conducting field research.
C．By interviewing experts.
D．By reviewing findings of previous studies.
29．What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A．Most plant species benefit from long-distance dispersal.
B．The evolutionary history of different plants is similar.
C．Plants with longer fruiting times adapt better when transported farther.
D．Plant communities in different hemispheres will become less related phylogenetically.
30．What could be the best title for the text
A．Impacts of Climate Change on Migratory Birds.
B．Different Ways to Redistribute Plants to New Climates.
C．Plants Struggle to Keep Pace with Climate Change.
D．Migratory Birds Aid the Redistribution of Plants to New Climates.
Writing 7
（2023·天津南开·统考一模）You can make a difference to the life of others by signing up for a volunteer vacation.
“After 30 programs in Poland, I’ve received more than I’ve given. All benefit from this partnership — the future leaders of this great nation, and volunteers who fall in love with the beautiful people and culture.”
– Lori Wedeking, a volunteer in Poland
Volunteer Opportunities Portugal:
Teach natives conversational skills with varying English abilities in classrooms, offices, and community centers. Help choose assignments in public elementary and secondary schools, or with young adults in technical or trade schools.
Peru:
Volunteers with a medical background can choose to spend their time working at medical centers. Others can spend their time practicing conversational English with local students and teachers.
Tanzania:
Support a community quest for development through food and nutrition, health and education projects. Work in the greenhouse nurturing seedlings for seasonal plantings.
Nepal:
Teach conversational English and business management, help repair living and learning spaces, provide support and training for marginalized women, and nurture impoverished children.
Cuba:
Build bridges of friendship through conversational English classes. Work alongside local women sewing and knitting baby clothes, aprons, crafts, etc, which are sold to benefit the women’s cooperative interests.
Global Volunteers’ History
Established in 1984 by Bud Philbrook and Michele Gran, Global Volunteers is an international nonprofit organization assisting worldwide community development programs by mobilizing short-term volunteers on local work programs, as well as providing project funding and child sponsorships. Since 1984, Global Volunteers has helped partner communities deliver most of these services to local people worldwide, and been trusted by more than 34,000 volunteers. As Seija Webb, an eight-time global volunteer says, “Volunteering abroad holds magic on so many fronts. It’s the springboard for my global explorations. I can’t imagine one without the other anymore.”
31．Which is right about Lori Wedeking
A．Lori is the organizer of 30 programs.
B．Lori had a positive experience in Poland.
C．Lori wants to be the future leader of Poland.
D．Lori received a lot of presents from volunteers.
32．What project is needed in Tanzania
A．Working at medical centers.
B．Teaching business management.
C．Developing food and nutrition.
D．Sewing and knitting baby clothes.
33．Which country needs the project of repairing living spaces
A．Peru. B．Tanzania. C．Nepal. D．Cuba.
34．What do we know about Global Volunteers’ History
A．34,000 volunteer get involved in its projects every year.
B．Teaching magic shows is one of its various programs.
C．It sends short-term and long-term volunteers to help local residents.
D．Seija Webb is a regular volunteer and enjoys volunteering abroad.
35．Who is the text most probably aimed at
A．Global explorers. B．Keen travelers.
C．Future leaders. D．Potential volunteers.
Writing 8
（2023·天津·校联考一模）Every year, thousands of teenagers participate in programs at their local art museums. But do any of them remember their time at museum events later in life A new report suggests that the answer is yes — and finds that arts-based museum programs are credited with changing the course of alumni’s (毕业生的) lives, even years after the fact.
The Whitney Museum of American Art, the Walker Art Center and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles recently asked researchers to conduct a study to find out how effective their long-standing teen art programs really are. They involved over 300 former participants of four programs for teens that have been in existence since the 1990s. Alumni, whose current ages range from 18 to 36, were invited to find out how they viewed their participation years after the fact.
Among the alumni surveyed, 75 percent of them thought the teen art program experience had the most favorable impact on their own lives, beating the family, school and their neighborhoods. Nearly 55 percent thought that it was one of the most important experiences they had ever had, regardless of age. And two-thirds said that they were often in situations where their experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts.
It turns out that participating in art programs also helps keep teens keen about culture even after they reach adulthood: Ninety-six percent of participants had visited an art museum within the last two years, and 68 percent had visited an art museum five or more times within the last two years. Thirty-two percent of alumni work in the arts as adults.
Though the study is the first of its kind to explore the impact of teen-specific art programs in museums, it reflects other research on the important benefits of engaging with the arts. A decade of surveys by the National Endowment for the Arts found that the childhood experience with the arts is significantly associated with people’s income and educational achievements as adults. Other studies have linked arts education to everything from lower dropout rates to improvement in critical thinking skills.
36．What is the main function of paragraph 1
A．To make a comparison. B．To propose a definition.
C．To provide the background. D．To present the subject.
37．Why were the researchers asked to conduct the study
A．To change the course of alumni’s lives.
B．To introduce the art museums.
C．To explore the impact of teen art programs.
D．To invite people to participate in the art programs.
38．What do the figures in Paragraph 3 show
A．Students are more influenced by the family and school.
B．Teen art programs in museums are highly beneficial.
C．Many teens fail to realize the great value of art programs.
D．Most experiences in museums are boring for today’s teens.
39．What does Paragraph 4 tell us about art programs
A．They are intended to attract more adults.
B．They are designed to support art museums.
C．They create adults who are culturally aware.
D．They provide many job opportunities for adults.
40．What do the studies mentioned in the last paragraph have in common
A．All prove the good effects of art education.
B．All suggest the need to improve museum programs.
C．All show the growing popularity of art programs.
D．All focus on the link between art and education.
Writing 9
（2023·天津滨海新·校联考一模）If you’re a runner who secretly hates running, here’s some good news: settling into a leisurely jog rather than an all-out run may actually be better for your health in the long term.
A team from Denmark followed over 5, 000 people taking part in the Copenhagen City Heart Study, and tracked whether they were non-joggers, or joggers who kept a slow, moderate (中等的), or fast pace. The participants’ health was tracked over the next 12 years, and so was their mortality (死亡率): 28 of the joggers and 128 of the non-joggers died.
The connection was this: Joggers of mild and moderate intensity had a lower risk of death than the fast joggers. In fact, the lowest mortality risk was that of the mild intensity joggers. The fast-paced joggers had about the same mortality rate as sedentary (久坐的) people. This suggests that there may be an upper limit to hard exercise, after which the benefits fall off.
“The U-shaped association between jogging and mortality suggests there may be an upper limit for exercise amount that is best for health benefits,” said study author Peter Schnohr. “Anything more is not just unnecessary; it may be harmful.” From the current study, jogging just three times per week, for less than 2.5 hours per week was associated with the lowest overall mortality risk.
There have been a lot of mixed messages about the “right” amount of exercise and what intensity is best. The World Health Organization has suggested that the current 150 minutes per week recommendations are strenuous for most people to tackle, and that expectations should be lowered, since, after all, anything is better than nothing. Everyone probably has a level of activity that feels best to him or her. But at least the growing consensus seems to be that more — if you’re pushing yourself very hard— is not necessarily better. And it may even be worse.
41．What was the study designed to find out
A．The relation between exercise amount and health.
B．The difference between non-joggers and joggers.
C．The advantages of jogging over running.
D．The common causes of death from exercise.
42．Who will face the highest mortality risk according to the study
A．Those jogging just three times per week. B．Those jogging 150 minutes per week.
C．Those fast-paced joggers. D．Those slow-paced joggers.
43．What might Peter Schnohr agree with
A．The early bird catches the worm. B．Wealth is nothing without health.
C．To go beyond is as wrong as to fall short. D．Enough exercise brings about happiness.
44．What does the underlined word “strenuous” in the last paragraph mean
A．Intense. B．Wide-ranging.
C．Necessary. D．Far-reaching.
45．What would be the best title for the text
A．Why Jogging May Be Better For Your Health Than Running
B．Can Jogging Increase Your Weight
C．How Does Jogging Affect Your Health
D．How Often Should Beginners Run
Writing 10
（2023·天津·校联考一模）Hearing aids usually bring to mind images of ugly, ineffective devices mainly worn by the elderly. But this ill repute is quickly changing, as they’ve recently taken a turn thanks to two innovators, Dr. Marco Vietor and Paul Crusius, who now lead the fastest-growing hearing aid company in the world—.
’s years of research led to the development of two game-changing hearing aids—the Silk and Styletto. These impressive devices pack cutting-edge technology in designs that are practically invisible. They also use a unique way that has been clinically proven to deliver better-than-normal hearing so you can clearly understand speech in any environment. With additional features like Bluetooth and rechargeability, today’s hearing aids are attracting even younger customers skilled in tech.
But knows it’s not just about tech and design. They’ve put an enormous effort into the entire experience to make hearing care more accessible and more affordable. “Everyone should be able to hear well to live well,” Crusius says. “And it’s very individual. Each person’s hearing loss is different and requires a personalized approach to find the best solution.”
“We hear with our brains, not our ears. And it takes at least 30 days for our brain to adjust and relearn how to hear again with new hearing aids,” Dr. Vietor says. “To guarantee your best outcome with hearing aids, we developed the industry’s first 30-day program, Hearing Success Program, so customers have that extra level of care and knowledge to succeed.”
And it’s working. has now helped more than 100,000 customers improve their hearing. Their A+ rating with the Better Business Bureau and 5-star rating on the customer review platform, Trustpilot, speaks for itself.
’s “never corporate” and “customer first” approach also helps drive the company’s success, encouraging employees to act like owners and put customers first. “We’re investing heavily in shaping our company culture,” Crusius says. “Individuals who work at say they are here to do more than a job. They’re helping change lives all around the world.”
46．What does the underlined part “this ill repute” in Para 1 refer to
A．Hearing aids being too expensive to afford.
B．Hearing aids ignoring the needs of the elderly.
C．Hearing aids developing at a really slow pace.
D．Hearing aids being poor in design and function.
47．What does Para 2 mainly talk about
A．The popularity of ’s hearing aids.
B．The innovations in ’s hearing aids.
C．The benefits brought by hear.som’s hearing aids.
D．The effort ’s made to develop hearing aids.
48．What does the Hearing Success Program aim to do
A．Add attractive features to hearing aids.
B．Help customers adjust to new hearing aids.
C．Find the possible causes for customers’ hearing loss.
D．Educate people about the consequences of hearing loss.
49．What can we infer about ’s employees
A．They take pride in their work.
B．They lack a sense of belonging.
C．They reject the company culture.
D．They cooperate well with review platforms.
50．What does the passage focus on
A．Products and services of a hearing aid company.
B．Hearing problems in the elderly.
C．The company culture of .
D．Younger customers’ interest in hearing aids.
Writing 11
（2023·天津和平·统考一模）Some people say that the planet is getting smaller, that there are few places left to explore, and that the age of exploration will be over soon.
I would argue instead that there has never been a greater need to explore. That’s because the stage for all exploration is the natural world, and nature is experiencing a rapid decline. It is by exploring that we understand and when we understand we develop an appreciation for what is found. Ultimately, only the things we appreciate are worth protecting.
As the golden age of exploration weakens, so does the richness of life on Earth. It isn’t just that there are fewer blank areas on the map; it is that wild places and spaces have been progressively carved up (瓜分). Visiting the Okavango Delta or Kalahari Desert, for example, no longer implies a self-supported expedition ( 考 察 ). Field stations pop up in important national parks and remote sensing by satellite becomes commonplace.
In the next century, I believe we will need larger and wilder areas. We will need the wilderness, not just for the protection of it, but because it is an important part of the ecosystems from which we gain our necessities like clean water, food and materials. If we succeed, then expeditions — brief travels into the wild that seek to answer questions, monitor populations, and inspire action — will have a renewed sense of purpose. More importantly, they greatly help the public experience, understand and appreciate nature.
Based on my own research expedition which aims to understand “edge effects”— how the changes in temperature at forest edges impact animals, I find it important that today’s scientists continue to spend time in the field. It is here that they begin to understand how seemingly unrelated environmental interactions influence their study system. Sometimes, it’s difficult to know which is important to measure until you stand out there on the forest edge.
It is the young generation that is the main force to lead the next wave of expeditions. The measure of their success will be whether there are still well-preserved wild places for expeditions in the future. Their leadership is needed now, more than ever.
51．What’s the purpose of this text
A．To suggest understanding nature by keeping exploring.
B．To advise people not to travel to unknown places.
C．To inform us about the reduced biodiversity.
D．To call on the public to support the study.
52．What can we know about the expedition in wild spaces from Paragraph 3
A．It is difficult for explorers to make progress.
B．It is more accessible with the help of technology.
C．It promotes the development of satellite technology.
D．It requires explorers to take sufficient heavy equipment.
53．What does the underlined part “pop up” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Appear unexpectedly.
B．Close temporarily.
C．Develop quickly.
D．Differ greatly.
54．What does the author realize after his research expedition
A．The significance of scientists’ field trip.
B．The difficulty of carrying out fieldwork.
C．The need to expand the edges of forests.
D．The influence of his study on the environment.
55．The success of future expeditions will be determined by________.
A．our knowledge of nature
B．the time spent in the field
C．the preservation of wild places
D．the study system of young generations
Writing 12
（2023·天津河东·统考一模）First the robots came for our jobs. Now they’re coming for our hobbies. Google’s DeepMind AI lab has been busy the past few years, creating programs to take on human players across a variety of games. In 2016 its AlphaGo beat the best Go player in the world. Earlier this year, its Alpha Star defeated two middle-tier players at the popular online game StarCraft II. Now it’s learning to win at multiplayer games.
“Artificially intelligent agents are getting better and better at two-player games, but most real-world endeavors require teamwork,” DeepMind’s researchers wrote in a paper published in Science in June.
To be sure, computers have been proving their dominance (优越) over humans in one-on-one turn-based games such as chess ever since IBM’s Deep Blue beat Russian chess master Garry Kasparov in 1997.
However, successfully using teamwork to win in multiplayer games with complex environments was difficult to achieve.
For this purpose, DeepMind’s researchers designed AI agents that taught themselves how to play first-person game Quake III Arena. The team, led by Max Jaderberg, worked on a modified (修改的) version of Quake III Arena.
The game mode they chose was “Capture (抢) the Flag”. All the players must work together to steal the other team’s flag while safeguarding their own.
The AI agents “trained” with 12 hours of game data, then matched up against professional game testers. The AI won 75 percent of the time, even when its reaction time artificially slowed down to human levels and when their aiming ability was similarly reduced.
And in order to make improvements, the programmers used various kinds of “rewards” to help the AI players weigh their goals and actions to help them cooperate in the teamwork. They also used randomized maps for each new match.
“That meant the solutions that the agents find have to be general –– they cannot just memorize a sequence (系列) of actions,” said co-author Wojciech Czarnecki.
The only time humans were able to beat the AI agents was when they teamed up together. A team consisting of one human and one AI agent had a five percent greater win probability than a team of just AI agents.
Ethan Gach said at the video game news website Kotaku, “It suggests that the AI program is able to adapt to playing with non-AI teammates.” In the near future, AI may cooperate with human beings in some other fields, such as medicine and other branches of science.
56．What might be the most difficult task for AI agents in multiplayer games
A．Understanding the rules.
B．Cooperating with other players.
C．Memorizing complex actions.
D．Increasing reaction speed.
57．How did the researchers of Google’s DeepMind train AI agents
A．They gave various “punishments” when AI agents lost the games.
B．They made AI agents team up with non-professional human players.
C．They limited the time for AI agents to complete difficult tasks.
D．They put them through thousands of games with different situations.
58．What does Gach mean in the last paragraph
A．AI players perform better than humans in a team game.
B．AI programs should be offered more game data.
C．AI players are able to do well with human players.
D．AI programs have been successfully applied in the field of medicine.
59．The underlined word “randomized” in Paragraph 8 can be understood as________.
A．generalized B．specialized C．updated D．memorized
60．What’s the best title of this passage
A．Researches on DeepMind AI B．Training AI Agents
C．Teaming up with AI D．AI Competing with Human Beings
Writing 13
（2023·天津和平·统考一模）Like many people, in terms of socializing, I prioritize making time for my closest friends and family. When it comes to reaching out to people I don’t know as well I often find myself reluctant to engage. This could be a big mistake, though, according to a new study. Having different types of social interactions seems to be central to our happiness — something many of us may think little of.
In a series of surveys, researchers looked at how having a socially diverse network related to people’s well-being. In one survey, 578 Americans reported on what activities they had been engaged in, with whom and for how long over the past 24 hours, while also saying how happy with life they were. The researchers found that people with more diverse social networks were happier and more satisfied with life than those with less diverse networks — regardless of how much time they had spent socializing overall.
“The more you can broaden your social circle and reach out to people you talk to less frequently — like an acquaintance, a friend, a coworker, or even a stranger — the more it could have positive benefits for your well-being,” said the lead researcher Hanne Collins of Harvard Business School.
To further test this idea, she and her colleagues looked at large data sets from the American Time Use Survey and the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Aging and Adult Health. In both cases, they found that when people had a broader range of social interactions, they experienced greater happiness and well-being.
Then Collins and her colleagues did another analysis, using data from a mobile app that 21,644 French-speaking people used to report on their daily social activities and happiness. There, they found that when someone experienced greater-than-average social diversity one week, they were happier that week and the week after.
Why is that It could be that being with different people contributes to different kinds of emotions, which may be a driving force in our happiness, says Collins. Alternatively, it could be that having a more diverse network allows you to get various social supports when you need it. Whatever the case, Collins hopes her research will inspire people to expand their social networks when they can.
61．What does the author use as an introduction to the passage
A．A personal communication skill.
B．A social trend against one’s will.
C．A common social phenomenon.
D．A culture many people neglect.
62．What do we know about the study
A．Its results were different from culture to culture.
B．Different results were obtained from the researchers’ three surveys.
C．The researchers collected large amounts of data from different platforms.
D．It focused on the impact of a more diverse social network on life satisfaction.
63．What can we learn from the 3rd and 4th paragraph
A．Any stranger or co-worker can bring you happiness.
B．Broad social circle contributes to more happiness.
C．Happiness depends only on social interactions.
D．Close relationship influences happiness badly.
64．How may social diversity improve one’s well-being according to Collins
A．By providing motivation for life.
B．By leading to one’s balanced life.
C．By arousing one’s positive emotions.
D．By making him / her sensitive to happiness.
65．What will be most probably talked about after the last paragraph
A．Collins’s social life.
B．Collins’s conclusions.
C．Collins’s new research.
D．Collins’s specific suggestions.
Writing 14
（2023·天津红桥·统考一模）Trust as explained in Wikepedia (维基百科) is the feeling of being sure someone or something can be relied upon. Trust is a big topic in many people’s lives. It produces an emotional feeling that is tied to the core of a person’s very existence.
Why do we want to break anyone’s trust Why does this happen over and over again It may arise from pride, control, dislikes, a difference of opinion and misunderstandings. Perhaps when you are living your life without self-worth and self-love then you are living your life in a continual state of negative thoughts and feelings. What you feel inside is evident by what you do and what you say. When you shift your energy within yourself and find your place of love and worth then your view of this world will change for the better. This energy shift towards the positive will shift everything that you think, say and do. Being kind to yourself projects outward to the world by being kind and good to others. This projection is the outcome of this positive energy shift. Our true self is one of love and feeling worthy of all of the goodness and happiness.
We have a tendency to look outside of ourselves for content when this feeling of content can be found within ourselves. The answers to our questions about life and love are within us. Sometimes we need to give ourselves a break and to be most loving, most kind and most patient with us. Care for and love yourself to find the joy within. The love and peace of this world is in each and every one of us.
Meditation (沉思) can bridge that trust that we can have in ourselves. Then we can have more trust in the world and in others. When everything around us is breaking up meditation can help to keep us centered so we can find that deep connection of love and worthiness. That is your true self wanting to shine through. We can’t control anything else but we can control what we do.
When you choose to help yourself then you choose to trust yourself. Trust can lead us to a life of peace and love and fulfillment. The world has its own programs. Trust in love and peace and live your life like you mean it!
66．The first paragraph serves as a(n) ________.
A．background B．comparison C．explanation D．comment
67．If you want to have a positive life attitude, you should ________.
A．save your inside energy to create positive things
B．find a place where you’ll be respected
C．make sure what you truly want to do and say
D．try to show your true self naturally and continuously
68．When you fail or feel disappointed you should ________.
A．stop and adjust yourself
B．continue to work even harder
C．reduce the degree of your feeling of content
D．try to fully recognize your own fault
69．Based on this text meditation might make us ________.
A．modest when we achieve something
B．move from mistrust to trust
C．live a meaningful and unchangeable life
D．control ourselves successfully as well as the outside world
70．By writing this text the author wants to________.
A．encourage us to trust ourselves
B．teach us how to deal with negative energy
C．explain what love and worth are
D．show the importance of meditation
Writing 15
（2023·天津南开·统考一模）Even though people have been paralyzed (瘫痪的) playing sports like rugby and football, extreme sports take the whole ordeal (磨难) to the next level. Sports like downhill cycling are very dangerous because one would be going downhill, over rocky or dirt zone, through forests, even at potentially deadly speeds. A slip up could be your downfall.
Nobody who gets into extreme sports goes with the desire to do harm to themselves. With that, athletes train for years and years before they attempt anything extreme. To most people, extreme sports are extreme simply because they take more skill than what an average person has. An athlete with skill and training makes an extreme thing become a daily routine, which does not wipe out the danger, but greatly reduces it.
Even when there is a lot of skill involved, things might not go the athlete’s way, not at all. Luck and circumstances have a lot to do with how things develop, whether above 8,000 meters or in a wood, going downhill. In some places, crossing the street is an extreme sport, considering how wild traffic can get.
Some view parkour, the sports of running, jumping and climbing under, around and through buildings, as an extreme sport, while it is more of a life philosophy, where the athlete does not have to do anything remotely dangerous. Free soloing, which means climbing a rock or ice face without safety gear, is absolutely deadly, where one slip means almost certain death, depending on the height, of course. Skateboarding is relatively safe, but if you constantly find ridiculous places to practice on, like the fence of a bridge, then things can get very complicated. The extreme part depends on the athlete.
To summarize, yes, extreme sports are dangerous, but the danger depends on the athlete, their choice of sport, direction in which they take it, as well as the circumstances. Some things are out of our control, while others we can influence through exercise and healthier risk choices.
71．Why is downhill cycling mentioned in Paragraph 1
A．To call for attention to extreme sports. B．To introduce the origin of extreme sports.
C．To illustrate the danger of extreme sports. D．To show the complexity of the extreme sports.
72．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about regarding extreme sports
A．Extreme sports differ from one another.
B．Skill matters a lot in maintaining safety.
C．Athlete’s luck is a key factor that influences safety.
D．Extreme sports are more dangerous than regular sports.
73．In Paragraph 4, several extreme sports are listed to ________.
A．explain danger depends on the athlete B．show free soloing is the most dangerous
C．compare which one involves the most skill D．demonstrate how to choose an extreme sport
74．Which would best describe the author’s attitude towards the danger of extreme sports
A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Intolerant. D．Uninterested.
75．Which of the following is the best title of the text
A．Do Extreme Sports Test Your Courage
B．Why Should Extreme Sports Be Banned
C．Why Do We Love Extreme Sports So Much
D．Are Extreme Sports Really That Dangerous
Writing 16
（2023·天津滨海新·校联考一模）Time and time again, I hear someone ask why anyone would want to keep an “ugly” building or a building that is dirty and clearly in need of work. I think you could say we preservationists (文物保护者) look at buildings through a different angle — an angle that can see the swan in the ugly duck, the story in the simple lines, the book behind the cover.
Take the Queen Emma Building for example. While people may remember that building being named as one of the ugliest buildings in town, the angle from which a preservationist will view the building is that it is uniquely constructed with an artistical brise-soleil (遮阳板) to block the sun. The designer used standard concrete bricks to form a decorative wall. Unfortunately, the brise-soleil was removed in 2011, making the building look like many of the contemporary buildings in town.
Sometimes people remember a beautiful site that was replaced by a “horrid” piece of architecture and can’t get over their anger, even when that building becomes an important part of our story. This is particularly true in San Francisco where many preservationists themselves dislike anything newer than the Victorian era. Yes, it was a tragedy that many failed to appreciate the Victorian buildings and let many get torn down several decades ago, but those losses also tell another important story. It tells the story of the 1950s and 1960s when there was hope for a more equal society with inexpensive housing for the working class. Should that history be wiped from our memories
Preservation is not just about keeping pretty, well-kept buildings, but about conveying parts of our history —not just the history of huge events, but the story of how everyone used to go to a certain corner market. Our history cannot be told only in buildings that meet someone’s criteria of beauty; sometimes our history is painful, but no less important.
76．How do preservationists see buildings
A．They focus on their value rather than appearance.
B．They pay great attention to ancient buildings.
C．They are devoted to repairing famous buildings.
D．They prefer ugly buildings to beautiful ones.
77．What does the author think of removing the brise-soleil of the Queen Emma Building
A．It’s confusing. B．It’s pleasing.
C．It’s regrettable. D．It’s unbelievable.
78．Why were many Victorian buildings in San Francisco torn down
A．To wipe the history of the Victorian era.
B．To make land available for cheap housing.
C．To work off the deep anger of the working class.
D．To restore the architecture before the Victorian era.
79．What is the author’s intention of writing this passage
A．To introduce some buildings with historical value.
B．To explain the reason why architects make ugly buildings.
C．To praise the work of preservationists
D．To stress the importance of preserving ugly buildings.
80．Where does the text prob2023年天津市高考英语一模、二模试题阅读表达分项汇编（解析版）
专题 阅读表达
二模汇编
Writing 1
（2023·天津和平·统考二模）The Appalachian Trail attracts thousands of serious hikers each spring, only one in four hikers completes the entire trail.
The Sutton family recently finished hiking the entire trail. They are a unique trio (三人组) as their son Harvey turned five on the trail, which makes him the youngest to complete the Appalachian Trail. Josh and Carrie Sutton said they needed to take, breaks from busy work called mini-retirements. “We set the family goal of living a life with extraordinary stories. Doing things like hiking with a child on the Appalachian Trail gives you extraordinary stories,” Josh Sutton said.
When Harvey turned three, they took him winter camping, and by the time he was four, the family completed a 50-mile hike, camping over six days. Seeing that Harvey developed a passion for hiking, they planned a thru-hike on the Appalachian Trail. Hiking from end to end is called a thru-hike and generally takes five to seven months to complete.
They hit the trail in Georgia on January 13, 2021. The first weeks were cold. The trail was icy and snow-covered, and the weather was often cloudy and bitter, so they made slow progress. They would wake up early each day, pack their gear (装备), and then start walking. As they had many miles to cover each day, they had to be inventive and started using imagination and Skittles (彩虹糖) as incentive for little Harvey.
The family completed their journey on August 9, 2021. Little Harvey learned to count all the way to 2,193, the total miles his little feet traveled, and a big number for someone who just started kindergarten. “I will do it again because like it so much,” said Harvey.
Although the Suttons are now back home, they have incredible memories of this mini-retirement. The journey is a life-changing experience for the Sutton family and is an inspiration for families who dream of taking a similar journey.
1．Why did the Sutton family decided to hike the Appalachian Tail (no more than 10 words)
______________________________________________________________________________
2．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about (no more than 10 words)
______________________________________________________________________________
3．What made their journey difficult (no more than 10 words)
______________________________________________________________________________
4．What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 5 probably mean (no more than 1 word)
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5．How does the Sutton family’s story inspire you Explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words)
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【答案】1．The couple needed to take breaks from busy work.
How Josh and Carrie developed Harvey’s passion for hiking.
The icy and snow-covered trail and bad weather.
Encouragement.
5．Open. Possible version: We should dream big and start small.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Sutton一家徒步阿巴拉契亚山道的故事。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“The Sutton family recently finished hiking the entire trail. They are a unique trio (三人组) as their son Harvey turned five on the trail, which makes him the youngest to complete the Appalachian Trail. Josh and Carrie Sutton said they needed to take, breaks from busy work called mini-retirements. ”（萨顿一家最近完成了整条小径的徒步旅行。他们是一个独特的三人组，因为他们的儿子哈维五岁了，这使他（哈维）成为完成阿巴拉契亚步道的年级最小的人。乔什和卡丽·萨顿说，他们需要从繁忙的工作中休息一下，也就是所谓的“迷你退休”。）可知，萨顿一家决定徒步阿巴拉契亚山道，是因为他们觉得需要从繁忙的工作中休息一下。故答案为：The couple needed to take breaks from busy work.
2．考查主旨大意。根据第三段“When Harvey turned three, they took him winter camping, and by the time he was four, the family completed a 50-mile hike, camping over six days. Seeing that Harvey developed a passion for hiking, they planned a thru-hike on the Appalachian Trail. Hiking from end to end is called a thru-hike and generally takes five to seven months to complete.”（哈维三岁时，他们带他去冬季露营，到他四岁时，全家徒步走了50英里，露营了六天。看到哈维对徒步旅行产生了热情，他们计划在阿巴拉契亚小径上进行一次全程徒步旅行。从一端到另一端的徒步旅行被称为全程徒步旅行，通常需要五到七个月才能完成。）可知，本段主要讲述了萨顿夫妇培养儿子哈维喜欢徒步热情的故事。故答案为：How Josh and Carrie developed Harvey’s passion for hiking.
3．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“They hit the trail in Georgia on January 13, 2021. The first weeks were cold. The trail was icy and snow-covered, and the weather was often cloudy and bitter, so they made slow progress.”（他们于2021年1月13日在乔治亚州出发。头几个星期很冷。路上结了冰，白雪覆盖，天气又阴又冷，所以他们前进的速度很慢。）可知，在这次徒步进程中，恶劣的天气使得他们的进程变得很慢。故答案为：The icy and snow-covered trail and bad weather.
4．考查词句猜测。根据第四段中“The trail was icy and snow-covered, and the weather was often cloudy and bitter, so they made slow progress.”（路上结了冰，白雪覆盖，天气又阴又冷，所以他们前进的速度很慢。）可知，恶劣的天气使得路不好走。“As they had many miles to cover each day, they had to be inventive and started using imagination and Skittles ”（由于每天要走很远的路，他们必须发挥创造力，开始使用想象和彩虹糖）可推断，他们用想象和彩虹糖来激励年幼的儿子跟着他们前行，故而划线词的词义为“鼓励，激励”，encouragement“鼓励，激励”与划线词同义，故答案为：Encouragement.
5．开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据倒数第二段中“Little Harvey learned to count all the way to 2,193, the total miles his little feet traveled, and a big number for someone who just started kindergarten. ”（小哈维学会了一直数到2193，这是他的小脚走过的总里程数，对于一个刚开始上幼儿园的人来说，这是一个很大的数字。）可知，哈维虽然年纪小，但是却一步步地完成了阿巴拉契亚山道的徒步旅行，因此我们能从哈维的故事中学到我们要有大梦想，从小做起。故答案为：We should dream big and start small.
Writing 2
（2023·天津河西·统考二模）At the age of 15, Roxanne Black-Weisheit was told that she got lupus, a systemic autoimmune (自身免疫) disease that occurs when one’s body’s immune system attacks the healthy tissues and organs. Shortly after, Black-Weisheit desperately sought emotional support. She wanted a friend who could truly understand her situation, and she figured there were others who needed this, too.
So, during her first year of college, she created Friends’ Health Connection (FHC), a non-profit organization that helped people with similar health conditions.
As she was starting FHC, lupus was destroying her kidney function. During her senior year of college, she had her first kidney transplant and 13 years later, she had her second one. Through it all, she didn’t forgo FHC. She’d even transformed her hospital room into an “office” and worked in her hospital bed.
After graduation, she secured enough funding to continue growing her organization, and it became her full-time job. But, unfortunately, lupus and kidney transplants weren’t the end of Black-Weisheit’s health issues. Five years ago, at 42, she had lymphoma.
Black-Weisheit’s new disease left her extremely weak and tired, and she knew she had to make a choice about FHC． “Since my time and energy were limited and my future was uncertain, the board and I decided to close our office. I wanted to devote all my energy to keeping my family life as normal as possible,” she explained.
Her career didn’t end there, though. When she started feeling better, she felt the urge to start working again. Using her experience from FHC, she started a new company — Schedule , which helps other companies schedule different types of speakers for their events. This is now Black-Weisheit’s current job. But she missed running her own non-profit organization, so she started trying to figure out how to bring back FHC．
And, recently, she received some great news: A past FHC donor would provide her with a grant to get the organization running again.
6．What did Black-Weisheit realize shortly after being told that she got lupus (no more than 8 words)
________________
7．Why did Black-Weisheit create the non-profit organization FHC (no more than 10 words)
________________
8．How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 (no more than 10 words)
________________
9．What made Black-Weisheit decide to close the office in the end (no more than 5 words)
________________
10．What do you think of Black-Weisheit Why (no more than 20 words)
________________
【答案】6．The importance of seeking emotional support.
To help other people suffering similar diseases.
She didn’t give up FHC during her treatment.
Her poor health conditions.
10．I think she’s a role model for many people because she tried to help others even though she suffered greatly.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Roxanne Black-Weisheit因为患了狼疮，非常渴望情感支持，于是创建了非营利组织FHC，帮助有类似健康状况的人。文章介绍了她治病的过程以及组织的运转情况。
6．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Shortly after, Black-Weisheit desperately sought emotional support. She wanted a friend who could truly understand her situation, and she figured there were others who needed this, too.(不久之后，Black-Weisheit拼命寻求情感支持。她想要一个能真正理解她处境的朋友，她觉得其他人也需要这样的朋友)”可知，Black-Weisheit在被告知她得了狼疮后不久意识到了寻求情感支持的重要性。故答案为The importance of seeking emotional support.
7．考查细节理解。根据第二段“So, during her first year of college, she created Friends’ Health Connection (FHC), a non-profit organization that helped people with similar health conditions.(因此，在她大学的第一年，她创建了朋友健康联系（FHC），这是一个非营利组织，帮助有类似健康状况的人)”可知，Black-Weisheit创建了非营利组织FHC是为了帮助其他患有类似疾病的人。故答案为To help other people suffering similar diseases.
8．考查句意猜测。根据画线句后文“She’d even transformed her hospital room into an “office” and worked in her hospital bed.(她甚至把自己的病房变成了“办公室”，在病床上工作)”可知，她在治疗期间没有放弃FHC，她甚至把自己的病房变成了“办公室”，在病床上工作。故画线句意思是“她在治疗期间没有放弃FHC”。故答案为She didn’t give up FHC during her treatment.
9．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“Black-Weisheit’s new disease left her extremely weak and tired, and she knew she had to make a choice about FHC. “Since my time and energy were limited and my future was uncertain, the board and I decided to close our office. I wanted to devote all my energy to keeping my family life as normal as possible,” she explained.(Black-Weisheit的新疾病使她极度虚弱和疲惫，她知道她必须对FHC做出选择。“由于我的时间和精力有限，我的未来也不确定，董事会和我决定关闭我们的办公室。我想把我所有的精力都投入到让我的家庭生活尽可能正常，”她解释道)”可知，Black-Weisheit最终决定关闭办公室是因为她的健康状况不佳。故答案为Her poor health conditions.
10．开放性试题，题干：你觉得Black-Weisheit怎么样？为什么？（不超过20字）可回答：我认为她是许多人的榜样，因为她尽管遭受了很大的痛苦，但还是努力帮助别人。故答案为I think she’s a role model for many people because she tried to help others even though she suffered greatly.
Writing 3
（2023·天津·统考二模）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Yesterday my parents were heading off on a little holiday and I took them to the train station, the rain was pouring down.
I got their luggage out, helped them get to the elevator and sent them on their way. As I was walking back to the parking lot, I saw an elderly man walking slowly toward the bus station. Obviously, he had no umbrella. I walked over and asked him where he was going. It turned out that he was heading to the same town as I was, just a 15-minute drive. I offered him a lift which he gratefully accepted.
We had a lovely chat on the way and I learned some of his history. He was 87 and heading to the nursing home he had just put his beloved wife in last week. He had his driving license taken away last year so he had to take public transport every day. A tear fell down his cheek as he told me about his wife. I tried to hold back my own tears but failed.
As I dropped him off at the entrance of the nursing home, I gave him the bunch of flowers I had in the car which I had given to my mom on Mother’s Day. I would much rather see the flowers indulged in by him and his wife than just take them back home. Tears rolled down his cheeks and he thanked me gratefully. As I made my way back to my car, I totally lost control of my emotions and cried like a baby. I just felt that all the stars shone for some reason and I was meant to meet him today. I was very glad to be able to help him in some way.
11．What was the purpose of the author’s visit to the train station (no more than 10 words)
________________
12．What was the elderly man going to do (no more than 10 words)
________________
13．How did the author feel about the elderly man (no more than 5 words)
________________
14．What does the underlined phrase “indulged in” in Paragraph 4 probably mean (1 word)
________________
15．What do you think of the author And give your reasons. (no more than 25 words)
________________
【答案】11．To see his parents off.
Visit his wife at the nursing home.
He was moved.
Enjoyed
15．He was a kind and generous man for offering a lift to an old man and giving him a brunch of flowers.
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者送自己父母去火车上，在回来的路上，顺便搭乘了意为老人去养老院看望妻子的故事。
11．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Yesterday my parents were heading off on a little holiday and I took them to the train station, the rain was pouring down.(昨天我父母去度假，我带他们去了火车站)”可知，作者去火车站的目的是为了给父母送行，故答案为To see his parents off。
12．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“He was 87 and heading to the nursing home he had just put his beloved wife in last week.(他已经87了，即将前往老人院，上周他刚刚把心爱的妻子送去那里)”可知，老年人去养老院看望妻子，故答案为：Visit his wife at the nursing home.
13．考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段“As I made my way back to my car, I totally lost control of my emotions and cried like a baby.(在回到车里的路上，我完全无法控制我的情绪，哭得像个婴儿)”可知，作者被老人的故事所感动，故答案为：He was moved。
14．考查词义猜测。根据文章最后一段indulged in前的内容“I gave him the bunch of flowers I had in the car which I had given to my mom on Mother’s Day. I would much rather see the flowers(我把车里的那束原本打算送给我妈妈的那束花送给了他，我宁愿看到这些花……)”可知，此处指我将原本打算送给妈妈的花送给了他，因为我想让他和妻子欣赏这些花，而不是将花带回去，故此处的indulged in意为“欣赏……”，故答案为：Enjoyed。
15．考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段“I was very glad to be able to help him in some way.(我很高兴我能帮助到他)”可知，作者乐于帮助他，因为作者是一个善良的人。且根据最后一段“As I dropped him off at the entrance of the nursing home, I gave him the bunch of flowers I had in the car which I had given to my mom on Mother’s Day.(当我将他送到养老院门口时，我将那束原本要送给妈妈的花送给了他)”可知，作者是一个慷慨大方的人。故答案为：He was a kind and generous man for offering a lift to an old man and giving him a brunch of flowers。
Writing 4
（2023·天津·校联考二模）My neighbor Josie was a good cook and college professor. We have been good friends for many years. Each early morning, Josie would invite me to join her in walking and she would make breakfast for me as a reward!
Josie planted a lovely garden. Every flower and vegetable made its debut (首秀) once a year. There were so many kinds that I could not even recognize what was growing, and we had the freshest salads in the neighborhood all summer long!
Each evening, Josie and I would sit in front of the garden. We would have a chat, exchanging our world views as well as funny jokes. However, one evening, Josie was a “no-show”. Then I heard the ambulance and saw her husband and children running outside. Josie suffered a stroke (中风).
Later, when I set eyes on her, she was in a wheelchair, covered in a thick blanket. She looked smaller and older than before. But how she chose to face it made me surprised. During the days when Josie had some strength, her husband wheeled her into the living room, and they watched old movies together. She called it “date time”. And during the most special days when Josie was doing well, her husband took her for a walk outside in her wheelchair. She called it “going on vacation”. Despite the fact that Josie was not expected to make a full recovery, they continued to watch movies and took lots of mini-vacations.
She is grateful for listening to her grandchildren telling stories to her, smelling a summer barbecue, sharing a laugh with her favorite neighbor, and being here for another day. I am thankful for her simple life lesson: Find the positive, and you will find your reason to live.
16．What was Josie like before she suffered a stroke (no more than 10 words)
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17．How was Josie’s skill in gardening (no more than 5 words)
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18．How can we understand the underlined part in Paragraph 3 (no more than 5 words)
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19．What made the author surprised after Josie suffered the stroke (no more than 10 words)
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20．How does Josie’s story inspire you Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
【答案】16．She was active and enthusiastic about life./She was an active and enthusiastic person. 17．Excellent./Great.
Josie didn’t appear./Josie didn’t come.
That Joise chose to face her life positively.
20．We should be positive and always see the bright side of life when things are bad.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的邻居Josie是一个积极的、充满热情的人，喜欢散步，善于烹饪，园艺技术高超，乐于分享和沟通，一次中风后Josie再也无法完全恢复了，但是她依旧抱有热情，乐观地对待生活，作者从她身上学到了很多。
16．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Each early morning, Josie would invite me to join her in walking and she would make breakfast for me as a reward!（每天清晨，Josie都会邀请我和她一起散步，她会为我做早餐作为奖励！）”、第二段中“Josie planted a lovely garden.（Josie种了一个漂亮的花园。）”和第三段中“We would have a chat, exchanging our world views as well as funny jokes.（我们会聊天，交流我们的世界观以及有趣的笑话。）”可知，中风以前的Josie喜欢散步，善于烹饪，园艺技术高超，乐于分享和沟通。由此推知，她对生活的态度是积极的、富有热情的，或者说她是个积极而富有热情的人。故答案为She was active and enthusiastic about life./She was an active and enthusiastic person.。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段“Josie planted a lovely garden. Every flower and vegetable made its debut (首秀) once a year. There were so many kinds that I could not even recognize what was growing, and we had the freshest salads in the neighborhood all summer long!（Josie种了一个漂亮的花园。每一种花和蔬菜每年都有一次首次亮相。蔬菜的种类太多了，我甚至都不知道是什么在长。整个夏天，我们吃的沙拉都是附近最新鲜的！）”可知，Josie的花园非常美丽，鲜花和蔬菜种类丰富，非常新鲜。由此推知，她的园艺技术非常棒。故答案为Excellent./Great.。
18．词句猜测题。根据画线句下文“Then I heard the ambulance and saw her husband and children running outside. Josie suffered a stroke (中风).（然后我听到救护车的声音，看到她的丈夫和孩子们跑到外面。Josie中风了。）”可知，那一晚Josie中风了，被送去抢救，所以没有出现。故答案为Josie didn’t appear./Josie didn’t come.。
19．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Despite the fact that Josie was not expected to make a full recovery, they continued to watch movies and took lots of mini-vacations.（尽管Josie预计不会完全康复，但他们继续看电影，并度过了许多迷你假期。）”可知，面对生活的不幸，Josie并没有悲观失望，而是积极地面对，用热情、充满希望的方式去度过生活。由此推知，令作者感到惊讶的是Josie选择积极地面对生活。故答案为That Joise chose to face her life positively.。
20．推理判断题。通读全文可知，Josie是一个积极的、充满热情的人，喜欢散步，善于烹饪，园艺技术高超，乐于分享和沟通，即使是中风后Josie再也无法完全恢复了，她依旧抱有热情，乐观地对待生活。她这样积极对待生活的态度，和面对不顺依旧乐观的精神启发着读者。故答案为We should be positive and always see the bright side of life when things are bad.。
Writing 5
（2023·天津河东·统考二模）Last August I took part in the Summer Camp of the General Final Contest of the 16th National Creative English Contest held in Beijing. It was one of the most meaningful thing I did in my Senior 2 summer vacation.
The summer camp lasted from August 20 to August 27. During the opening ceremony, we each wrote a postcard to motivate ourselves. On my card I wrote, “Brace yourself and show your best,” These words supported me throughout every obstacle I experienced.
August 24 witnessed the important debate contest that many of us feared. The night before, my teammates and I sat in a circle, focusing our minds on the debate topic, “Does competition among friends adversely influence their friendships ”
All of us were busy searching for examples of Olympic athletes or other real-life people to back up our arguments. Time seemed to disappear faster than usual while we were working on this project.
Finally, the big day arrived. Only one minute before we went on the stage, an inner voice entered my mind, saying, “Brace yourself and show your best.” Preparing the details in my head allowed me to feel ready for the challenge. With my teammates backing me up, I drew myself up to full height and expressed my point of view as best as I could.
The results of the contest convinced me that my motto paid off—I entered the top 50, and two of my teammates placed in the top 10 due to their excellent performance. And through the strength of our teamwork, my friends and I became closer than ever. The more competition among friends, the firmer our friendship will be.
From those eight days, it isn’t the prize I valued the most but the breakthrough and the pure friendship I gained. It would be better to change my motor into “Brace yourself and fight together.” I firmly hold the belief that this period of time will live in my memory forever and will shine even brighter when I look back.
21．What did the team do in the Summer Camp (no more than 10 words)
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22．What did they prepare to support their argument (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
23．What’s the meaning of the underlined words “Brace yourself” (no more than 5 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
24．What’s the topic of the passage (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
25．In your opinion, how do you keep friendship (no more than 15 words)
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【答案】21．The team took part in the debate competition.
The examples of Olympic athletes or other real-life people.
23．It means pull yourself together.
24．The breakthrough and the pure friendship I gained.
25．Friends respect and trust each other.
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。讲述了作者去年参加创意英语大赛总总决赛夏令营的内容和收获。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段中“August 24 witnessed the important debate contest that many of us feared. The night before, my teammates and I sat in a circle, focusing our minds on the debate topic, “Does competition among friends adversely influence their friendships ”(8月24日见证了我们许多人担心的重要辩论赛。前一天晚上，我和队友们围成一圈，集中精力讨论辩论的主题:“朋友之间的竞争会对他们的友谊产生负面影响吗 ”)”可知，这个团队在夏令营参加了辩论赛。故回答The team took part in the debate competition.
22．细节理解题。根据第四段“All of us were busy searching for examples of Olympic athletes or other real-life people to back up our arguments. Time seemed to disappear faster than usual while we were working on this project.(我们所有人都在忙着寻找奥运会运动员或其他现实生活中的人的例子来支持我们的论点。在我们做这个项目的时候，时间似乎过得比平时快)”可知，他们准备了奥运会运动员或其他现实生活中的人的例子来支持他们的论点。故回答：The examples of Olympic athletes or other real-life people.
23．词句猜测题。根据第三段“August 24 witnessed the important debate contest that many of us feared.(8月24日见证了我们许多人担心的重要辩论赛)”可知，“我”担心辩论比赛，在根据第五段中“Preparing the details in my head allowed me to feel ready for the challenge. With my teammates backing me up, I drew myself up to full height and expressed my point of view as best as I could.(在脑海中准备好细节让我觉得自己已经为挑战做好了准备。在队友的支持下，我挺直了身子，尽我所能地表达了我的观点)”可知，此处是对前文“Brace yourself and show your best.”这句话的具体表现，所以可推知“Brace yourself”应是不要担心振作起来之意。故回答：It means pull yourself together.
24．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“From those eight days, it isn’t the prize I valued the most but the breakthrough and the pure friendship I gained. It would be better to change my motor into “Brace yourself and fight together.” I firmly hold the belief that this period of time will live in my memory forever and will shine even brighter when I look back.(在这8天里，我最看重的不是奖金，而是我获得的突破和纯洁的友谊。不如把我的口号改成“打起精神，一起战斗”我坚信，这段时间将永远活在我的记忆中，当我回想起来时，会更加明亮)”可知，本文的主题，是讲述了作者通过8天的夏令营，突破了自己并获得了纯洁的友谊。故回答：The breakthrough and the pure friendship I gained.
25．开放性问题。在我看来，朋友间相互尊重，相互信任是保持友谊最好的方法。故回答：Friends respect and trust each other.
一模汇编
Writing 1
（2023·天津·校联考一模）Charity is simple in theory: A heart warms, a hand reaches out. In practice, though, charity can become a troubled mix of motives and consequences. Giving can be driven by guilt, duty, praise, or perhaps the hope that giving will somehow make up for past cruelty or ignorance. Too little charity is far less than valuable. Too much can cause over-reliance, which makes the receiver continuously ask for more.
Giving from the heart is good. But critics have long worried about misdirected charity that does more harm than good. In his 2012 book, Harmful Charity: How Churches and Charities Hurt Those They Help (And How to Solve the Problem), Robert Lupton, an experienced social worker of 40 years of community work in inner-city Atlanta, argues that charity must not do for the poor what they can do for themselves.
Due to emergencies such as natural disasters, the afterward financial aid is greatly welcome. Mr. Lupton advocates it should focus on the development of self-supporting. The task can be carried out via, for instance, offering micro-loans, hiring local builders and suppliers, and trying to found self-supported, locally owned and operated factories. What seldom works, he argues, are untargeted handouts from far-off providers and the sudden arrival of inexperienced volunteer-tourists hoping to earn personal reputation by digging wells or mending roofs that locals are perfectly able to take care of themselves.
Getting charity right isn’t easy. But from money raising to the rising in volunteering among Millennials(千禧一代), from the increasing worldwide willingness to give to the efforts by charity organizations to become more effective and fruitful, there is strong evidence that human beings’ ability of taking care of others is growing along with their ability to help without harming.
Charity can be as simple as holding the door for a stranger and as complex as a global campaign to get rid of malaria(疟疾). Charity works best when it returns the weak to strength, and helps a small town shaken by an earthquake get back on its feet. A successful charity is one that eventually is no longer needed.
1．What can we know about charity in paragraph 1
A．Charity is simple in both theory and practice.
B．Some charity providers are cruel or ignorant.
C．There is much less charity than needed.
D．Charity may result in dependence.
2．Why have critics worried about misdirected charity
A．It may have a bad impact on receivers. B．It may cause hurt to social workers.
C．It can be driven by guilt and duty. D．It may help less to the poor.
3．What can be a proper way to give charity in time of natural disasters
A．Hiring local workers. B．Founding advanced factories.
C．Building houses for victims. D．Giving untargeted handouts.
4．What can we learn from paragraph 4
A．It’s easy to give charity without harming.
B．Millennials enjoy earning personal reputation.
C．There appears ability promotion in giving charity.
D．Charity organizations are spreading all over the world.
5．What is the writing purpose of the text
A．To appeal for more charity.
B．To advocate getting charity right.
C．To introduce the process of performing charity.
D．To criticize unjust motives and results for charity.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提倡并介绍怎样实施正确的慈善事业。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Too little charity is far less than valuable. Too much can cause over-reliance, which makes the receiver continuously ask for more. (太少的慈善是没有价值的。太多会导致过度依赖，这会让接收者不断地要求更多。)”可知，慈善可能导致依赖。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But critics have long worried about misdirected charity that does more harm than good. In his 2012 book, Harmful Charity: How Churches and Charities Hurt Those They Help (And How to Solve the Problem), Robert Lupton, an experienced social worker of 40 years of community work in inner-city Atlanta, argues that charity must not do for the poor what they can do for themselves. (但批评人士一直担心慈善活动的误导会弊大于利。在他2012年出版的《有害的慈善：教会和慈善机构如何伤害他们所帮助的人(以及如何解决问题)》一书中，在亚特兰大内城工作了40年的经验丰富的社会工作者Robert Lupton认为，慈善机构不能为穷人做他们自己可以做的事情。)”可知，批评家们担心慈善被误导是因为可能会对接受者产生不好的影响。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Mr. Lupton advocates it should focus on the development of self-supporting. The task can be carried out via, for instance, offering micro-loans, hiring local builders and suppliers, and trying to found self-supported, locally owned and operated factories. (Lupton主张，应该把重点放在发展自立能力上。这项任务可以通过提供小额贷款、雇佣当地建筑商和供应商，以及努力建立自给自足、由当地拥有和经营的工厂等方式来完成。)”可知，在发生自然灾害时，雇佣当地工人才是正确的。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“But from money raising to the rising in volunteering among Millennials(千禧一代), from the increasing worldwide willingness to give to the efforts by charity organizations to become more effective and fruitful, there is strong evidence that human beings’ ability of taking care of others is growing along with their ability to help without harming. (但是，从资金筹集到千禧一代中志愿服务的增加，从世界范围内越来越多的捐赠意愿，到慈善组织努力变得更有效和富有成效，有强有力的证据表明，人类照顾他人的能力随着他们在不伤害他人的情况下提供帮助的能力而不断增强。)”可知，在慈善中，人们出现能力提升。故选C项。
5．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Charity is simple in theory: A heart warms, a hand reaches out. In practice, though, charity can become a troubled mix of motives and consequences. (慈善理论上很简单：一颗心温暖，一只手伸出。然而，在实践中，慈善可能成为动机和后果的复杂混合体。)”可知，本文写作目的是提倡正确的慈善事业。故选B项。
Writing 2
（2023·天津南开·南开中学校考模拟预测）An Epidemic (流行病) of Depression Seligman is leading the charge in what might be called Happiness Revolution in psychology. Since World War II, psychologists have focused on fixing what is broken — repairing psychosis (精神病), and neurosis(神经衰弱). Research has piles up steadily when it comes to looking at patients who are neurotic, while the happy or joyful people among us have received little scientific examination.
When Seligman did a search to find academic articles about such “positive psychology” he found only 800 out of 70,000. “Psychologists tend to be concerned with taking a negative 8 person, and helping him get to negative 2,” said Seligman, a University of Pennsylvania psychology professor. “My aim is to take a plus 2 person and boost him to a plus 6.”
In the last 50 years, statistics have shown that we are less happy as a people. “While our quality of life has increased dramatically over that time, and we’ve become richer, we’re in an epidemic of depression,” Seligman said. “Depression is 10 times more common now, and life satisfaction rates are down as well.” Seligman argues that the new science he writes about is shifting psychology’s model away from its narrow-minded focus on pathology, victimology, and mental illness towards positive emotion, virtue and strength, and positive institutions that increase people’s happiness. If you want to be happy, forget about winning the lottery, getting a nose job, or securing a raise. In his new book, Authentic Happiness, psychologist Martin Seligman argues that overall lifetime happiness is not the result of good genes, money, or even luck. Instead, he says we can boost our own happiness by making use of the strengths and traits that we already have, including kindness, originality, humor, optimism, and generosity. He has named the discipline “Positive Psychology,” arguing that we would be better off building on our own strengths rather than bemoaning, and hence, trying to repair, our weakness. By frequently calling upon their strengths, people can build up natural barriers against misfortune and negative emotions, he said.
To cultivate happiness, we must first find out our individual strengths and virtues. Next, apply the qualities in such a way as to enhance our happiness-generating system.
6．Why could Seligman’s work be called Happiness Revolution
A．Because happy or joyful people among us also suffer from illness.
B．Because psychology is the emotional characteristic of an individual.
C．Because psychology is the science that deals with mental processes and behavior.
D．Because traditional research on psychology rarely concerns happy or joyful people.
7．What does Seligman mean by saying “take a plus 2 person and boost him to a plus 6”
A．We should focus on happy or joyful people.
B．The number of happy or joyful people will increase by 4.
C．“Positive psychology” articles need to be published more.
D．Happy people among us also need improve their mentality.
8．According to the passage, traditional opinion of psychology is __________.
A．encouraging B．optimistic C．subjective D．narrow-minded
9．Martin Seligman argues that authentic happiness results from___________.
A．good genes, money or luck B．positive mental status
C．contented life. D．a good job.
10．The main topic of the passage is ____________.
A．how we can cultivate our happiness. B．why material goods can’t boost people.
C．why we should cultivate our happiness. D．how complicated our happiness-generation system is.
【答案】6．D 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了心理学家Seligman认为我们应该培养我们的幸福感，指出了需要培养幸福的原因、真正的幸福是什么以及如何建立幸福感。
6．细节理解题。根据第一段“Research has piles up steadily when it comes to looking at patients who are neurotic, while the happy or joyful people among us have received little scientific examination.(有关神经症或精神失常患者的研究资料堆积如山，而幸福或快乐的人群几乎无人关注。)”可知，塞利格曼的工作可以被称为“幸福革命”是因为传统的心理学研究很少关注快乐的人。故选D。
7．句意猜测题。根据第二段“When Seligman did a search to find academic articles about such “positive psychology” he found only 800 out of 70,000. “Psychologists tend to be concerned with taking a negative 8 person, and helping him get to negative 2,” said Seligman, a University of Pennsylvania psychology professor. “My aim is to take a plus 2 person and boost him to a plus 6.”(当塞利格曼搜索有关这种“积极心理学”的学术文章时，他在7万篇文章中只找到了800篇。宾夕法尼亚大学心理学教授塞利格曼说：“心理学家往往关心如何让负8的人达到负2。我的目标是把一个+ 2的人提升到+ 6。”)”可推知，塞利格曼说“把一个+ 2的人提升到+ 6”意思是我们当中快乐的人也需要改善他们的心态。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Seligman argues that the new science he writes about is shifting psychology’s model away from its narrow-minded focus on pathology, victimology, and mental illness towards positive emotion, virtue and strength, and positive institutions that increase people’s happiness.(塞利格曼认为，他所写的新科学正在将心理学的模型从狭隘的病理学、受害者学和精神疾病转向积极的情感、美德和力量，以及能够增加人们幸福感的积极机构)”可知，心理学的传统观点是狭隘的。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In his new book, Authentic Happiness, psychologist Martin Seligman argues that overall lifetime happiness is not the result of good genes, money, or even luck. Instead, he says we can boost our own happiness by making use of the strengths and traits that we already have, including kindness, originality, humor, optimism, and generosity.(心理学家马丁·塞利格曼在他的新书《真正的幸福》中指出，一生的幸福不是好的基因、金钱甚至运气的结果。相反，他说，我们可以通过利用自己已有的优势和特质来提高自己的幸福感，这些优势和特质包括善良、独创性、幽默、乐观和慷慨)”可知，马丁·塞利格曼认为真正的幸福来自积极的精神状态。故选B。
10．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“To cultivate happiness, we must first find out our individual strengths and virtues. Next, apply the qualities in such a way as to enhance our happiness-generating system.(要培养幸福，我们必须首先发现我们个人的优点和美德。其次，运用这些品质来增强我们的快乐生成系统)”文章主要说明了心理学家Seligman认为我们应该培养我们的幸福感，指出了需要培养幸福的原因、真正的幸福是什么以及如何建立幸福感。可知，这篇文章的主题是如何要培养我们的幸福。故选A。
Writing 3
（2023·天津·校联考一模）Do you play video games If so, you aren’t alone. Video games are becoming more common and are increasingly enjoyed by adults. The average age of gamers has been increasing and was estimated to be 35 in 2016. Changing technology also means that more people are exposed to video games. A new breed of casual gamers has come, who play on smart phones and tablets at spare moments throughout the day. But do they have any effect on our brains and behavior
Over the years, the media have made various claims about video games and their effect on our health and happiness. “Games have sometimes been praised or demonized, often without real data backing up those claims. Moreover, gaming is a popular activity, so everyone seems to have strong opinions on the topic”, says Marc Palaus, who with his colleagues wanted to see if any trends had appeared from the research to date concerning how video games affect the structure and activity of our brains. They collected the results from 116 scientific studies, 22 of which looked at structural changes in the brain and 100 of which looked at changes in brain functionality and behavior.
The studies show that playing video games can change how our brains perform; and even their structure. For example, playing video games affects our attention, and some studies found that gamers show improvements in several types of attention, such as sustained attention or selective attention. Video games can also be addictive, and this kind of addiction is called “Internet gaming disorder”. Researchers have found functional and structural changes in the neural (神经的) reward system in gaming addicts. These neural changes are basically the same as those seen in other addictive disorders.
So, what do all these brain changes mean “We focused on how the brain reacts to video game exposure, but these effects do not always translate to real-life changes,” says Palaus. As video games are still quite new, the research into their effects is still in its babyhood.
11．What factor causes a new breed of casual gamers to appear
A．Video games become more and more attractive.
B．The pressure from work becomes bigger and bigger.
C．Modern adults are usually very curious about new things.
D．The development of technology makes games easily accessible.
12．What does Palaus’ research focus on
A．Why video games affect brains.
B．How video games function in daily life.
C．What effects video games have on gamers’ brains.
D．Which brain regions are affected by video games.
13．By what way does Palaus carry out his research
A．By experiencing video games. B．By interviewing video gamers.
C．By doing scientific experiments. D．By analyzing new scientific studies.
14．According to the research, why do some gamers get addicted to video games
A．Because their physical health is damaged.
B．Because their memory systems are disturbed.
C．Because their neural reward systems are changed.
D．Because their communicative ability is weakened.
15．The last paragraph indicates that ________.
A．video games bring harm instead of benefits
B．the influence of video games needs a further study
C．there should be certain laws to regulate video games
D．the average age of video gamers has been increasing
【答案】11．D 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项电子游戏对游戏玩家大脑的影响的研究，研究表明，一些游戏玩家会对电子游戏上瘾的原因是他们的神经奖励系统发生了改变。
11．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Changing technology also means that more people are exposed to video games. A new breed of casual gamers has come, who play on smart phones and tablets at spare moments throughout the day. (不断变化的技术也意味着更多的人接触电子游戏。新一代的休闲游戏玩家已经出现，他们在空闲时间玩智能手机和平板电脑。)”可知，科技的发展使得游戏更容易获得，这导致了新一代休闲游戏玩家的出现，故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Moreover, gaming is a popular activity, so everyone seems to have strong opinions on the topic”, says Marc Palaus, who with his colleagues wanted to see if any trends had appeared from the research to date concerning how video games affect the structure and activity of our brains.(“此外，游戏是一种受欢迎的活动，所以似乎每个人都对这个话题有着强烈的看法。”Marc Palaus和他的同事们想看看迄今为止关于电子游戏如何影响我们大脑结构和活动的研究中是否出现了任何趋势。)”可知，Palaus的研究重点是电子游戏对游戏玩家大脑的影响。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They collected the results from 116 scientific studies, 22 of which looked at structural changes in the brain and 100 of which looked at changes in brain functionality and behavior.(他们收集了116项科学研究的结果，其中22项研究了大脑的结构变化，100项研究了大脑功能和行为的变化。)”可知，Palaus是通过分析新的科学研究来进行他的研究的，故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Researchers have found functional and structural changes in the neural (神经的) reward system in gaming addicts. (研究人员发现，游戏成瘾者的神经奖励系统在功能和结构上都发生了变化)”可知，根据研究可知，一些游戏玩家会对电子游戏上瘾的原因是他们的神经奖励系统发生了改变。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As video games are still quite new, the research into their effects is still in its babyhood.(由于电子游戏仍然相当新，对其效果的研究仍然处于婴儿期。)”可推知，电子游戏的影响需要进一步的研究，故选B。
Writing 4
（2023·天津红桥·统考一模）Tens of thousands of ancient pictures carved into the rocks at one of France’s most important tourist sites are being gradually destroyed. Scientists and researchers fear that the 36,000 drawings on rocks in Mont Bego in the French Alps are being damaged so rapidly that they will not survive for future generations.
The mountain believed to have once been a site for prayer is scattered with 4000-year-old drawings cut into bare rock. But as the popularity of the site increases, the pictures are being ruined by thoughtless graffiti.
Jean Clottes is the chairman of the International Committee on Rock Art. He says “People think that because the pictures have been there so long they will always continue to be there. But if the damage continues at this rate there will be nothing left in 50 years.”
He describes seeing tourists stamping on the drawings, wearing away the rock and clearness of the artwork as they do so. Some visitors he says even cut off parts to take home as souvenirs. Other researchers describe how people arrive carrying long sticks with sharp ends to scratch their own drawings, or even their names in the rocks.
But experts are divided over the best way to preserve the drawings. Henry de Lumley, director of the Museum of Natural History in Paris, believes that the only way to save the site is to turn the whole mountain into a “no-go” area, preventing the public from going there except on guided tours.
Clottes disagrees. “The measure suggested by Henry de Lumley is the most severe, and while it is the most effective, it is also certain to bring about protests from people who live there” he said. “The site was classified as a historic monument years ago by the Ministry of Culture and we must do as much as possible to save what is there.”
Annie Echassoux who also worked on researching the site is alarmed that as the mountain becomes easier to reach — tourists can now avoid the three-and-a-half-hour walk by hiring vehicles — the damage will increase rapidly. She thinks that the only solution is to rope off the area and provide guides. “You can’t say the plan can’t go ahead because there is no money ” she said. “That is not good enough. Money must be provided because the Ministry of Culture has classified this area as a historic site. If we don’t take steps, we will be responsible for losing the drawings for the next generation.”
16．Jean Clottes says that people who visit the mountain________.
A．do not believe the drawings are old. B．believe they are allowed to paint there
C．assume the drawings will not disappear D．think the drawings should be left alone
17．According to Jean Clottes some of the visitors to the area have________.
A．taken bits of the rock home B．helped to clean the drawings
C．been unable to take photographs D．misunderstood what the pictures mean
18．Henry de Lumley is eager to________.
A．protect public rights B．ban traffic in the area
C．set up research projects D．keep out individual visitors
19．Which word best describes Annie Echassoux’s attitude towards saving the historic site
A．Worried. B．Supportive. C．Disappointed. D．Hesitant.
20．This passage has been written about Mont Bego to ________.
A．advertise the closing of the site B．encourage scientists to visit the site
C．describe fears for the future of the site D．warn visitors about the dangers of the site
【答案】16．C 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家和研究人员担心，法国阿尔卑斯山脉贝戈山岩石上的36000幅图画正在迅速受损，以至于它们无法为后代保留下来。文章介绍了这一遗迹如今遭受破坏的现状以及相关人员给出的保护建议。
16．细节理解题。根据第三段“He says “People think that because the pictures have been there so long they will always continue to be there. But if the damage continues at this rate there will be nothing left in 50 years.”(他说：“人们认为，因为这些照片已经在那里太久了，所以它们将永远在那里。但如果破坏继续以这种速度进行，50年后将什么都不剩。”)”可知，Jean Clottes说，参观这座山的人认为图画不会消失。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段“Some visitors he says even cut off parts to take home as souvenirs.(他说，一些游客甚至把岩石的一部分切下来作为纪念品带回家)”可知，据Jean Clottes说一些到该地区的游客把岩石碎片带回家。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第五段“Henry de Lumley, director of the Museum of Natural History in Paris, believes that the only way to save the site is to turn the whole mountain into a “no-go” area, preventing the public from going there except on guided tours.(巴黎自然历史博物馆馆长Henry de Lumley认为，拯救这一遗址的唯一方法是将整座山变成一个“禁区”，禁止公众前往，除非有导游陪同)”可知，Henry de Lumley希望禁止个人访客进入。故选D。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Money must be provided because the Ministry of Culture has classified this area as a historic site. If we don’t take steps, we will be responsible for losing the drawings for the next generation.(必须提供资金，因为文化部已将该地区列为历史遗迹。如果我们不采取措施，我们将为下一代失去图纸负责)”可推知，Annie Echassoux对拯救历史遗迹的态度是支持。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据第一段“Tens of thousands of ancient pictures carved into the rocks at one of France’s most important tourist sites are being gradually destroyed. Scientists and researchers fear that the 36,000 drawings on rocks in Mont Bego in the French Alps are being damaged so rapidly that they will not survive for future generations.(在法国最重要的旅游景点之一的岩石上雕刻的数万幅古代图画正在逐渐被破坏。科学家和研究人员担心，法国阿尔卑斯山脉贝戈山岩石上的36000幅图画正在迅速受损，以至于它们无法为后代保留下来)”结合文章介绍了这一遗迹如今遭受破坏的现状以及相关人员给出的保护建议。可推知，这篇文章描述蒙特贝戈是为了用来描述对该地区未来的担忧。故选C。
Writing 5
（2023·天津·校联考一模）According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.
So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States According to the public, at least, it’s not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.
It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive (领导层) jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.
Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate (选民) and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.
As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it’s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.
21．What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey
A．They have to do more to distinguish themselves.
B．They have to strive harder to win their positions.
C．They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.
D．They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.
22．What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles
A．They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.
B．They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.
C．Their failures may have something to do with family duties.
D．Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.
23．What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey
A．Personality traits. B．Sex discrimination.
C．Family responsibilities. D．Lack of vacancies.
24．What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future
A．More and more women will sit in the boardroom.
B．Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.
C．The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.
D．People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.
25．What do most Americans expect to see soon on America’s political stage
A．A woman in the highest position of government.
B．More and more women actively engaged in politics.
C．A majority of women voting for a female president.
D．As many women in top government positions as men.
【答案】21．D 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究调查结果，该研究显示，大多数美国人发现，在智力和创新能力等关键领导特质上，女性与男性没有什么区别，许多人表示，在激情和有条理的领导方面，女性比男性更强。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.(皮尤研究中心一项关于女性和领导力的新调查显示，大多数美国人发现，在智力和创新能力等关键领导特质上，女性与男性没有什么区别，许多人表示，在激情和有条理的领导方面，女性比男性更强)”可知，大多数美国人发现，女性在领导力方面和男性没有区别。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive (领导层) jobs,relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles.(尽管经济研究和之前的调查结果表明，与母亲有关的职业中断可能会使女性更难在事业上取得进步，更难竞争领导层，但在最近的调查中，相对较少的成年人指出这是女性寻求领导职位的主要障碍)”可知，之前的研究表明，女性很难竞争领导层是和家庭责任相关。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. (相反，排在第一位的原因是，大约40%的美国人指出，女性在寻求爬到政治或商业的最高层时存在双重标准，她们必须比男性同行做更多的事情来证明自己。)”可知，女性之所以很难到达管理最高层的原因是存在性别歧视，她们需要比男性做更多的事情来证明自己。故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it’s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men.(因此，尽管女性在职场已经取得了重大进展，但公众对美国企业界的这种不平衡在可预见的未来是否会改变持不同意见。虽然53%的女性认为，未来男性将继续在商界担任更多的高管职位，但44%的女性表示，女性担任高管职位的人数与男性一样多只是时间问题)”可知，对于是否会有更多的女性领导人，人们有不同的意见。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.(在政治方面，美国人不那么怀疑：73%的人希望在他们的一生中看到一位女总统)”可知，大多数美国人希望女性能够担任政府最高职位。故选A。
Writing 6
（2023·天津南开·统考一模）The rapid pace of global warming and its effects on habitats raise the question of whether species are able to keep up so that they remain in suitable living conditions. Some animals can move fast to adjust to a quickly changing climate. Plants, being less mobile, rely on means such as seed dispersal (传播) by animals, wind or water to move to new areas, but this redistribution typically occurs within one kilometer of the original plant. Writing in Nature, Juan P. González-Varo sheds light on the potential capacity of migratory (迁徙的) birds to aid seed dispersal.
González-Varo and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change through the help of migrating birds. They analyzed an impressive data set of 949 different seed-dispersal interactions between bird and plant communities, together with data on entire fruiting times and migratory patterns of birds across Europe.
The authors hypothesized (假定) that the direction of seed migration depends on how the plants interact with migratory birds, the frequency of these interactions or the number of bird species that might transport seeds from each plant species.
Perhaps the most striking feature of these inferred seed movements is the observation that 35 percent of plant species across European communities, which are closely related on the phylogenetic tree (进化树谱), might benefit from long-distance dispersal by the northward journey of migratory birds. This particular subset (小组) of plants tends to fruit over a long period of time, or has fruits that persist over the winter. This means that the ability of plants to keep up with climate change could be shaped by their evolutionary history – implying that future plant communities in the Northern Hemisphere (半球) will probably come from plant species that are phylogenetically closely related and that have migrated from the south.
This study provides a great example of how migratory birds might assist plant redistribution to new locations that would normally be difficult for them to reach on their own, and which might offer a suitable climate.
26．The rapid pace of global warming and its effect are mentioned in Paragraph 1 ________.
A．to call public attention to seed dispersal
B．to show the threat of climate change to human beings
C．to provide the background of González -Varo’s research
D．to explain why some animals can adapt to climate change
27．How could plants keep pace with the rapid climate change according to González-Varo
A．With the help of wind and water.
B．With the help of migratory birds.
C．By adjusting themselves to the climate.
D．By relying on animals on land.
28．How did González-Varo and his colleagues conduct the research
A．By analyzing related data.
B．By conducting field research.
C．By interviewing experts.
D．By reviewing findings of previous studies.
29．What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A．Most plant species benefit from long-distance dispersal.
B．The evolutionary history of different plants is similar.
C．Plants with longer fruiting times adapt better when transported farther.
D．Plant communities in different hemispheres will become less related phylogenetically.
30．What could be the best title for the text
A．Impacts of Climate Change on Migratory Birds.
B．Different Ways to Redistribute Plants to New Climates.
C．Plants Struggle to Keep Pace with Climate Change.
D．Migratory Birds Aid the Redistribution of Plants to New Climates.
【答案】26．C 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述植物如何通过迁徙鸟类的帮助来跟上快速的气候变化。
26．推理判断题。第一段中“The rapid pace of global warming and its effects on habitats raise the question of whether species are able to keep up so that they remain in suitable living conditions. Some animals can move fast to adjust to a quickly changing climate. Plants, being less mobile, rely on means such as seed dispersal (传播) by animals, wind or water to move to new areas, but this redistribution typically occurs within one kilometer of the original plant.(全球变暖的快速速度及其对栖息地的影响提出了一个问题，即物种是否能够跟上变化，从而保持适宜的生活条件。一些动物可以快速移动以适应快速变化的气候。植物的移动性较差，它们依靠动物、风或水传播种子等手段来转移到新的地区，但这种重新分配通常发生在原植物的一公里范围内)”提到了气候变化迅速，一些动物可以快速移动来适应快速变化的气候，但是植物移动性差，通常只能在一公里的范围移动，下文讲述了González-Varo关于“植物如何通过迁徙鸟类的帮助来跟上快速的气候变化”，所以文章提及快速变化的气候和其影响是为了给González -Varo的研究提供背景信息。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段中“González-Varo and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change through the help of migrating birds.(González-Varo和同事报告了植物如何通过迁徙鸟类的帮助来跟上快速的气候变化)”可知，González-Varo的研究表明，植物是通过迁徙鸟类的帮助来跟上快速的气候变化，故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They analyzed an impressive data set of 949 different seed-dispersal interactions between bird and plant communities, together with data on entire fruiting times and migratory patterns of birds across Europe.(他们分析了一个令人印象深刻的数据集，包括鸟类和植物群落之间949种不同的种子传播相互作用，以及整个欧洲鸟类的整个结果期和迁徙模式的数据)”可知，González-Varo和他的同事是通过分析相关数据来进行研究的。故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Perhaps the most striking feature of these inferred seed movements is the observation that 35 percent of plant species across European communities, which are closely related on the phylogenetic tree (进化树谱), might benefit from long-distance dispersal by the northward journey of migratory birds. This particular subset (小组) of plants tends to fruit over a long period of time, or has fruits that persist over the winter.(也许这些推测的种子运动最显著的特征是观察到，在欧洲群落中，与进化树谱密切相关的35%的植物物种可能受益于候鸟向北的长途传播。这种特殊的植物子集倾向于在很长一段时间内结果，或者在冬天保持果实)”可知，结果期较长的植物在长途传播时适应得更好。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第二段中“González-Varo and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change through the help of migrating birds.(González-Varo和同事报告了植物如何通过迁徙鸟类的帮助来跟上快速的气候变化)”可知，文章主要讲述植物如何通过迁徙鸟类的帮助来跟上快速的气候变化。故选D。
Writing 7
（2023·天津南开·统考一模）You can make a difference to the life of others by signing up for a volunteer vacation.
“After 30 programs in Poland, I’ve received more than I’ve given. All benefit from this partnership — the future leaders of this great nation, and volunteers who fall in love with the beautiful people and culture.”
– Lori Wedeking, a volunteer in Poland
Volunteer Opportunities Portugal:
Teach natives conversational skills with varying English abilities in classrooms, offices, and community centers. Help choose assignments in public elementary and secondary schools, or with young adults in technical or trade schools.
Peru:
Volunteers with a medical background can choose to spend their time working at medical centers. Others can spend their time practicing conversational English with local students and teachers.
Tanzania:
Support a community quest for development through food and nutrition, health and education projects. Work in the greenhouse nurturing seedlings for seasonal plantings.
Nepal:
Teach conversational English and business management, help repair living and learning spaces, provide support and training for marginalized women, and nurture impoverished children.
Cuba:
Build bridges of friendship through conversational English classes. Work alongside local women sewing and knitting baby clothes, aprons, crafts, etc, which are sold to benefit the women’s cooperative interests.
Global Volunteers’ History
Established in 1984 by Bud Philbrook and Michele Gran, Global Volunteers is an international nonprofit organization assisting worldwide community development programs by mobilizing short-term volunteers on local work programs, as well as providing project funding and child sponsorships. Since 1984, Global Volunteers has helped partner communities deliver most of these services to local people worldwide, and been trusted by more than 34,000 volunteers. As Seija Webb, an eight-time global volunteer says, “Volunteering abroad holds magic on so many fronts. It’s the springboard for my global explorations. I can’t imagine one without the other anymore.”
31．Which is right about Lori Wedeking
A．Lori is the organizer of 30 programs.
B．Lori had a positive experience in Poland.
C．Lori wants to be the future leader of Poland.
D．Lori received a lot of presents from volunteers.
32．What project is needed in Tanzania
A．Working at medical centers.
B．Teaching business management.
C．Developing food and nutrition.
D．Sewing and knitting baby clothes.
33．Which country needs the project of repairing living spaces
A．Peru. B．Tanzania. C．Nepal. D．Cuba.
34．What do we know about Global Volunteers’ History
A．34,000 volunteer get involved in its projects every year.
B．Teaching magic shows is one of its various programs.
C．It sends short-term and long-term volunteers to help local residents.
D．Seija Webb is a regular volunteer and enjoys volunteering abroad.
35．Who is the text most probably aimed at
A．Global explorers. B．Keen travelers.
C．Future leaders. D．Potential volunteers.
【答案】31．B