2023届山东省部分市高三英语二模试题阅读理解分类汇编
阅读理解
2023届山东省菏泽市高三二模英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A, B, C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Cash Composition Contest
In support of Financial Literacy Month (April), Michigan State University Extension and 4-H, a youth organization, are coordinating (协调) the Cash Composition Contest. Youths residing in Michigan are encouraged to answer this year’s essay question with an essay of 300 words or less. The 5 top-scoring essays will each win a $100 gift card thanks to the generous sponsorship by Extra Credit Union.
Timeline
April 30, 2023: Essay submission due by 11:59 pm
May 31, 2023: Winners notified
Cash Composition Topic
What is the difference between a need and a want Discuss how you determine if something is a need or a want. How can you make sure you have enough money to get your needs and still enjoy some of your wants Share how needs and wants might change throughout one’s life.
Grading Standards
● Quality of Writing
● Organization and Information
● Grammar
Guidelines
Participants must:
● Between 9—12 years of age as of January 1, 2023 living in the state of Michigan.
● Have knowledge of money management such as saving, spending, borrowing, and planning appropriate for age and grade level.
Requirements
● Youths must have parental or guardian permission to apply and participate.
● The application form must be completed by a parent/guardian.
● Youths must write an essay (300 words or less)on the assigned topic above.
● Essays must be submitted on the contest registration page.
● The essay must be the work of the student submitting it. It is highly recommended that youths write their essay prior to completing the registration/submission form.
1．Who will sponsor the contest prizes
A．Michigan State University. B．Extra Credit Union.
C．A local youth organization. D．The state of Michigan.
2．What will be focused on in the entry
A．The changes throughout one’s life.
B．The ways to improve quality of writing.
C．The need for charity management.
D．The discussions on needs and wants.
3．Which will result in disqualification for an applicant
A．Submitting the essay on April 29. B．Writing an essay of 300 words.
C．Filling the application form in person. D．Finishing the essay before registration.
B
At a hotel, surrounded by teammates, he got the email. “Dear Spencer Heslop.” it read, “you have been invited to participate in the Selection Camp for the US Men’s National Team for 2022.”
The recent graduate from University of Michigan School of Public Health, dreamed of the opportunity to play for the United States since he was seven years old. After he developed a disease that often results in damage to the spinal cord (脊髓) and nerves, Heslop’s parents pushed him to try wheelchair basketball.
By high school, Heslop played wheelchair basketball on a competitive basketball team. The experience opened his eyes to the world of adaptive sports, which became his favorite. While he was never the biggest or strongest player, Heslop had a feel for the game and a desire to take it further. Faced with many challenges, he worked tirelessly to develop chair skills and conditioning that made him more explosive.
“As I applied to graduate school, I knew I would play wherever I was planning to go,” Heslop said. “University of Michigan was near the top of my list academically. I also heard that they were trying to get an adaptive sports program going, and that helped me make my choice.” University of Michigan Adaptive Sports and Fitness was formed in 2018 to address the inequitable access to physical activity opportunities, competitive and recreational, for students with disabilities at University of Michigan.
Since Heslop joined the program in 2020, University of Michigan’s wheelchair basketball team became part of the NWBA’s Division Ⅱ. After leading the team to an 8th-place finish at the NWBA Nationals in April 2022, Heslop participated in the US Men’s National Team Selection Camp where he fought against 30 of the nation to athletes and made the final twelve-man roster. This gave the recently graduated young man a better shot at his ultimate goal: playing for his country in the Paralympic Games.
4．What helped Heslop develop his passion for adaptive sports
A．The unexpected disease at seven.
B．The email he received at a hotel.
C．The University of Michigan he dreamed of.
D．The experience in a wheelchair basketball team.
5．Why did Heslop choose University of Michigan
A．He accepted a large sum of scholarship.
B．He could join his favorite sports program.
C．He was promised a chance to play for the country.
D．He was invited to set up Adaptive Sports and Fitness.
6．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph
A．Heslop’s achievements. B．Heslop’s ultimate goal.
C．Heslop’s superior leadership. D．Heslop’s bright future.
7．Which can best describe Heslop
A．Generous. B．Reliable. C．Creative. D．Determined.
C
When you’re bored, you might start playing with a ball or other objects. Such behavior is common in people. Other animals like it too—that’s why a dog fetches a stick, or a cat bats at toys. Play is an enjoyable way to pass the time. A new study finds that it’s not just mammals that like to play. Bumblebees (大黄蜂) do it too, making them the first insects known to play.
In the study, Hiruni Samadi Galpayage Dona, an insect expert, did an experiment using 200 untrained bumblebees to see if they might play. Of those, 45 would be marked with a number when they emerged as adults.
A pathway was set up from the bumblebees’ nest to a feeding area. One side contained small wooden balls that rolled. The other side had the same number of balls, but they were stuck to the floor. Half balls on each side were colored balls. The rest were left unpainted.
For three hours a day over 18 days, Galpayage Dona found bumblebees weren’t so interested in the side where the balls didn’t move, but they explored the side areas and interacted with the balls. Once they managed to roll a ball, they strongly preferred that side. They returned, climbing on the balls and rolling them around. She also found bumblebees preferred certain colors of balls.
“There’s something about the mobility that is more interesting for the bumblebees than just colored objects,” Galpayage Dona says. In another experiment, she sometimes left the balls out overnight. “When I came in the next day, I would always find some bumblebees rolling the balls.” As with mammals, the bumblebees who played the most were the younger ones. Their play tapered off as they got older.
The scientists say it’s not clear why the bumblebees roll the balls or whether they enjoy it. But the experiment raises important questions about how the insects’ minds work and whether they have feelings.
8．How does the author introduce the topic
A．By describing the fun of play. B．By analyzing reasons for boredom.
C．By introducing similar phenomena. D．By presenting animals’ cute images.
9．What did the researcher do in the experiment
A．She trained bumblebees to play balls.
B．She put small balls along the pathway.
C．She set up a pathway in bumblebees’ nest.
D．She rewarded the bumblebees with rolled balls.
10．What does the underlined part “tapered off” probably mean in paragraph 5
A．Mattered. B．Helped. C．Decreased. D．Emerged.
11．What can be the best title for the text
A．Bumblebees Prefer Shape to Color
B．Balls Are Bumblebees’ Favorite Toys
C．Playing with Objects Is Animals’ Second Nature
D．Bumblebees Are the First Insects Known to Play
D
The UN this week launched a report urging companies to stop issuing false net-zero targets that amount to greenwashing.
Greenwashing is a term used to describe situations where companies mislead consumers by claiming to be eco-friendly or sustainable as a marketing plan rather than as a core principle of their business model. Often, these industries spend more money making themselves appear sustainable than they do taking actual sustainable measures into their company.
Cities, financial institutions, and scores of companies have announced plans to reduce their emissions to zero, which, in principle, should help the fight against climate change.
“The problem is that the criteria for these net-zero commitments have varying levels of precision and loopholes (漏洞),” said UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres during the launch of the report.
Many net-zero plans contain far-away or unclear targets and often call for the use of unproved technologies like carbon capture and tree planting, which effectively allow companies to continue polluting the atmosphere. Studies show that most of these net-zero plans will do little to stop temperatures from rising. For example, many oil majors have announced plans to reduce emissions from their operations to zero by 2050 that do not take into account the carbon emitted by the fossil fuels they sell, which would allow them to increase production. Far from decreasing, fossil fuel production is going strong.
To close these net-zero loopholes, the UN this week released a report that includes 10 recommendations to ensure that companies, cities, regions, and other non-state actors issue credible and accountable net zero commitments. “Their plans cannot rely on cheap carbon credits instead of immediately cutting their own emissions,” Guterres said.
Financial institutions need to cut down emissions from all their investments and businesses need to bring down the carbon footprint of their supply chain, the report said. The report’s lead author, Catherine McKenna, urged companies to release new net-zero targets within a year. The updated targets must contain concrete actionable details.
12．What does “greenwashing” refer to
A．A green technology. B．A misleading statement.
C．A business model. D．A spending target.
13．Why does the author mention the oil majors
A．To prove oil majors are really responsible.
B．To set some good examples for other companies.
C．To show some net- zero commitments make no sense.
D．To indicate the benefit of net zero plans to climate change.
14．How does Guterres feel about the issued net-zero plans
A．Dissatisfied. B．Guilty. C．Shocked. D．Confused.
15．What is advised to do to fix net-zero loopholes
A．Plant more trees. B．Share more supply chains.
C．Depend on cheap carbon credits. D．Make concrete actionable targets.
2023届山东省济宁市高三二模考试英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
With two documentaries—All That Breathes and The Elephant Whisperers—making it to the Oscars, there’s renewed interest in India’s diverse wildlife. However, most popular wildlife parks are usually expensive. Here are four less-known reserves that are not so costly but equally worth exploring.
Coring a Wildlife Reserve
Coringa is the second largest mangrove forest in the country. It is a birder’s paradise and also home to otters, jackals, fishing cats and estuarine crocodiles. Endangered Olive Ridley sea turtles nest here during January—March every year.
COSTOFRIDE: 400一2,500per person by boat
BEST TIME TO VISIT: November to February
National Chambal Reserve
The 5,400 sq km reserve is the only one in India with three keystone species—Ganges river dolphin, ghariyal and red-crowned roof turtle—along with eight rare turtle species and about 300 species of migratory and resident birds,
COST OF RIDE: 1,800 per person by boat
BEST TIME TO VISIT: November to March
Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park
The park has 21 small islands and three distinct coastal ecosystems—coral reef, seagrass bed and mangroves—with over 4,200 species of plants and animals. It is the last reserve of the unique “living fossil” Balanogloss us that links vertebrates(脊椎动物) and invertebrates.
COST OF RIDE: 200—400 per person in a glass-bottomed boat
BEST TIME TO VISIT: October to March
Man as National Park
This reserve is a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site. It is home to the threatened Indian Rhinoceros and other rare species like the Red Panda, Golden Langur and Pygmy Hog, and is also a Project Tiger Reserve and an elephant reserve with around 55 species of mammals, 450 species of birds and 50 species of reptiles.
COST OF RIDE: 1,150 per head on elephant, 4,400 for a jeep with four people, 8,200 per person to 10,600 for six people in a boat.
BEST TIME TO VISIT: October to May
1．What is probably the major concern of visitors choosing these less-known reserves
A．Season. B．Security. C．Price. D．Transportation.
2．Which attracts tourists who hope to see different turtle species most
A．Coring a Wildlife Reserve.
B．National Chambal Reserve.
C．Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park.
D．Man as National Park.
3．How much does it cost for 4 people to explore Man as National Park on elephant
A． 4,400. B． 4,600. C． 8,200. D． 10,600.
B
When 76-year-old Antoinette-Marie Williams played 17-year-old Emmett Daniels in chess for the first time, she gave Daniels a run for his money. Paired through DOROT, a New York organization which was launched in 1976, they are a perfect match. “I was a good opponent for him. I don’t think he expected it.” Williams told the CVS Health blog Fortune Well. Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams to a cross-generational relationship that they both enjoy. Williams and Daniels’ relationship disproves the idea that people of different generations have little in common.
Since its founding, DOROT has achieved a reputation of excellence and innovation in the fields of aging services. Volunteers of young ages offer critical resources to older adults, in services specific to the person’s needs and interests, with the ultimate goal of lessening loneliness of the old.
Loneliness has been recognized as a significant social issue for many years, but the classification of loneliness as an epidemic(流行病) has emerged only in recent years. In 2018, the UK government appointed a Minister for Loneliness, highlighting the increasing concern around the issue. This followed the publication of the 2017 report by the Jo Cox Loneliness Commission, which found that loneliness was a growing social epidemic and called for a national strategy to address the issue.
Fortunately, there are ways to battle loneliness, including the intervention in the lives of isolated seniors by organizations like DOROT. It advocates building a support network by reaching out to family and friends, joining a community or social group, or volunteering to connect with like-minded people. The connection between Williams and Daniels shows that these inter-generational relationships play an important role in reducing loneliness and adding joy to the lives of all the participants, young and old.
Another way to battle loneliness is to use technology to stay connected with loved ones which fosters meaning and purpose through online activities and conversations. Practicing self-care is also encouraged, as is being patient because strong relationships take time and effort to create.
4．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph l probably mean
A．She had a running race with Daniels.
B．Daniels felt disappointed.
C．Daniels had a tough win.
D．She gave Daniels money as a gift of greeting.
5．What is the purpose of DOROT
A．To make technological innovation.
B．To enhance the living standards of the elderly.
C．To offer job opportunities for people of all ages.
D．To provide seniors with inter-generational connection.
6．What does the author try to stress in paragraph 3
A．The solution to loneliness.
B．The root cause of loneliness.
C．The classification of loneliness.
D．The growing attention to loneliness.
7．In which section of a newspaper does this passage probably come from
A．Society Watch. B．News Express.
C．Page Turner. D．Science Study.
C
Several years ago, I was at a pre-season football practice at a high school where I was working with the team on a concussion (脑震荡) research project. The players were lined up in two rows facing each other and with little more instruction from the coach than, “on the whistle, hit the man across from you”, great concern rushed through my mind.
Professional sports get the lion’s share of attention, but over three million children and teenagers in the United States play the same game. This directly places concussions as a significant public health concern for all.
However, for decades, concussion has been considered a temporary injury with no long-term consequences. Many athletes will do just about anything to stay on the field and “play through the pain” as a sign of toughness. In 2005, with the release of the brain tissue pathology (病理学) report of Mike Webster a, a retired National Football League player, our thinking on concussion began to shift. Since then, public attention has focused on this link between brain injury and blows to the head. As our understanding of concussion progressed to understanding its significance as an injury, so too did the development of player equipment.
In the early 1900s football was played without helmets (头盔), but severe injuries, like skull fractures, led to the occasional use of leather helmets in the 1920s.The first facemask entered the game in the 1950s. Modern helmets use advanced shell materials, have moveable panels to absorb forces, and multi-layered padding that responds to different panies will continue to improve helmets as new materials become available, guided by the newest science.
Sports are an important part of a society’s culture and they give millions of children much-needed exercise. Yet, participation in any sport carries injury risk, and concussion will always be part of that. As those children become adults and make sport their hobby or even career, ensuring them play safely at all levels is essential.
8．What made the author feel concerned
A．The coach’s in experience.
B．The physical conflicts among the players.
C．Unawareness of the potential injuries.
D．Unpredictable outcome of the project.
9．What did athletes use to do when meeting with sports-related concussion
A．They tended to ignore it.
B．They felt scared about it.
C．They quit playing immediately.
D．They refused medical assistance.
10．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about concerning the helmet
A．Its gradual improvement.
B．Its widespread influence.
C．The discovery of its new materials.
D．The difficulty of its mass production.
11．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Exercise is vital for children.
B．Sports safety can’t be overemphasized.
C．No participation in sports is without injuries.
D．Concussion is the most common injury in sports.
D
People generally feel secure with certainty. To be certain is to have power and control. Certainty is often used as a metric (衡量标准) of value, shaping how people view themselves and others. For example, people tend to respect those who present themselves ascertain while viewing those who express uncertainty as wishy-washy, and untrustworthy. Young people growing up in a culture that identifies strongly with certainty are told that to be certain is to be secure, right, and good. It is the idea, more than uncertainty itself, that causes great anxiety.
But the reality is that certainty is transient; it is more a feeling than a fact. Too often people act as if certainties are drawn in permanent marker: Thick, clear, definitive, and rigid. But they are not. They are actually drawn with pencil—ready for revision, editing, and change.
Spring tide’s recent report, The State of Religion and Young People: Navigating Uncertainty, allows us to hear how young people are questioning certainty and increasingly rejecting the rules that isolate them from themselves and one another. Milly, a 25-year-old quoted in the report, described her experience in a group discussion where uncertainty was welcomed rather than criticized：
“Like, struggling to know what or what not to believe....That’s something we talked about in the group. It actually makes me feel a little bit better. It’s like, oh, like we can have doubts. We can struggle with these feelings and they’re still, we’re still accepted, you know So that was actually kind of refreshing” (Spring tide, 2021, p.46).
Young people are not rejecting certainty, but they are not accepting prepackaged answers or one-dimensional solutions. They are reexamining pre-drawn labels, beliefs, and identities and daring to ask “Why ” Their courage to question is an invitation to all of us to reconsider and rediscover uncertainty. We can listen to and learn from young people, embracing(拥抱)this opportunity as a moment of critical self-reflection and growth. If we will accept uncertainties, we might discover the ways that multiple beliefs, practices, values, identities, and communities can coexist and develop together.
12．What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A．To explain a concept.
B．To advocate a culture.
C．To introduce a different opinion.
D．To confirm an assumption.
13．What does the underlined word “transient” probably mean in paragraph 2
A．Changeable. B．Predictable.
C．Popular. D．Objective.
14．What was Milly’s attitude towards the group discussion
A．Intolerant. B．Doubtful.
C．Unconcerned. D．Positive.
15．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．Unmask the Culture of Certainty
B．Embrace the Gift of Uncertainty
C．Certainty: Should It Be Rejected by the Young
D．Uncertainty: Should It Be Blamed for Anxiety
2023届山东省日照市高考二模英语试题
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
From a multi-day hike following the routes of a Japanese poet, to a classic climb in the Argentinian Lake District, there are thousands of incredible trails (小路) that allow us to get up close to nature.
Appalachian Trail, United States
Extending for 2,200 miles, the Appalachian Trail is listed as the longest hiking-only footpath in the world. It runs from Springier Mountain in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine, passing through some of the most remote country in the United States. That means it’s a hard task, either for those with endless vacation allowance, or walkers looking to do a small piece of a classic route.
The Basho Wayfarer, Japan
This self-guided trip follows a route taken by the poet Matsuo Basho over 300 years ago. The six-day hike starts in Sendai and works its way through the northern Tohoku region, passing through the UNESCO World Heritage (遗产)Site of Hiraizumi and along the ancient Dewa Kaido path. With its beech and cherry forests, it finishes at the temple of Yamadera.
Mount Toubkal, Morocco
The path upwards rises from the village of Imlil, passing over a dry river bed before rising sharply through a temple and on towards a large mountain cottage. After overnight here, hikers set off up the snowfield to the peak, where the Atlas Mountains open out and the views are breathtaking. A local guide and muleteers for carrying luggage are a must.
The Dingle Way, Ireland
It is a ring-like path that offers the best way to get under the skin of wild County Kerry in Ireland’s south west. Starting in the town of Tralee, the clockwise path follows narrow roads, taking in the wide sweep of sand at Inch Strand, passing along the clifftops outside Dingle town and heading around the edge of Mount Brardon, the highest peak on the Dingle Peninsula.
1．What do we know about the Basho Wayfarer
A．It offers no guide service. B．It was built by a poet.
C．It ends in the northern Tohoku region. D．It is on the world heritage list.
2．Where can hikers enjoy a good view of snow
A．Appalachian Trail. B．The Basho Wayfarer.
C．Mount Toubkal. D．The Dingle Way.
3．What is special about the Dingle Way
A．It follows a circle path. B．It is the longest in the world.
C．It finishes at Mount Brandon. D．It reaches the highest peak in Ireland.
B
Ke’Nyzjah Ferebee was standing by the kitchen worktop, adding cupcake liners to a pan. She used an ice cream spoon to fill each with cake batter (面糊) to ensure they would look identical. A finished group sat on the counter with white buttercream turning on top. The cupcakes were for a 2-year-old’s “Moana”-themed birthday party. The next day, she had orders for a two-tiered cake and two birthday cakes.
While most teenagers are spending the summer hanging out with friends and working, Ke’Nyzjah is filling orders, updating her website and getting new branding photos. She owns and operates KayKe Bakery, a home-based business, specializing in custom cakes and cupcakes. She offers 14 flavors. She requires at least two to four weeks’ notice on orders, and she gets six to seven a week.
In 2020, she started baking out of boredom and a desire for cake. She asked her mom for a solution. Mom pointed her to a box of cake mix in the cupboard. Ke’Nyzjah’s first attempt failed. But she tried making more cakes the next day. She got better.
She watched hours of YouTube videos to come up with a recipe and to teach herself baking techniques. “Once I got on Instagram and started seeing other people’s decorated cakes, that’s when I got inspired to be a cake artist instead of just a baker,” she said. She took business classes such as digital marketing at her school. She also registered for a course to become a certified customer service specialist. It taught her how to talk to customers and get through a sale. She’s constantly trying to find more ways to promote her business and find new clients. “It’s a little difficult having to keep up with both my Instagram and my Facebook pages and managing school, personal life and a business. It can be a lot sometimes, but I manage.”
Nakesia Fercbec, Ke’Nyzjah’s mother, felt her daughter’s father has been influential. Ke’Nyzjah gives her mother a large of the credit. “She’s like my biggest supporter. She’s made me who I am. I’ve come to realize that I am an incredible person.”
4．What was Ke’Nyzjah doing according to the first paragraph
A．Designing a themed party. B．Making cakes for business.
C．Preparing for her birthday party. D．Placing an order for cakes online.
5．What can be inferred about Kayke Bakery
A．It is well received. B．It hosts parties for customers.
C．It is a joint business. D．It mainly provides service for kids
6．What might be a challenge for Ke’Nyzjah
A．Attending business classes. B．Teaching herself baking techniques.
C．Getting along with her clients. D．Balancing her business with schooling.
7．What is the text mainly about
A．A home-based teen baker. B．A boredom-killing bakery.
C．How to become a cake artist. D．How to start a business.
C
Crossing Phoenix, Arizona, are 180 miles of canals. In 1867, the city’s founding father, Jack Swilling saw the remains of irrigation (灌溉) channels wandering across the landscape. He realized that, centuries before, some society had farmed this desert. Soon after, Swilling began clearing the blocked canals to bring agriculture back to the region.
Three years later, Swilling and other pioneers met to consider names for their settlement. The top two were Pumpkinville and Stonewall. Luckily, English adventurer Darrell Duppa proposed a name inspired by the resurrection (复兴) of the canals. “A great race once lived here and another great race will live here in the future,” he considered. “I predict that a new city will spring, phoenix-like, from the ruins and ashes of the old.”
Gary Huckleberry, a researcher, said, “In the southwest, we have some serious issues to deal with in terms of water. The Colorado River is the main source of water for the southwest and it’s over distributed. We’ve got population growth and climate change. How are we going to deal with that I think there’s something to be learned by looking at past societies who managed water for thousands of years.”
That great society was the Hohokam. Between 100 and 1450 AD, they constructed 1,000 miles of canals. As the Hohokam expanded their network, they constantly repaired, cleaned and diverted the canals. “It requires cooperation, because all the users of the water from that canal have to agree not only to construct it, but also to maintain it,” Henderson, a scientist, said. “Users would have to agree to certain conditions to keep the entire system going.” The Hohokam committed to sharing water and put themselves on timetables.
The Hohokam used canal irrigation for 3,000 years. “That, to me, is the definition of sustainable development,” Huckleberry said. “They learned how to sustainably farm, to manage water, to not destroy their soils in a way that is worthy and might give us insight into how we might deal with the current trouble. I think one of the key lessons is that you don’t put all your eggs in one basket.”
8．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The reconstruction of canals. B．The origin of the city’s name Phoenix.
C．The discovery of the irrigation channels. D．The agricultural development in the settlement.
9．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The source of water. B．The climate change.
C．The population growth. D．The over-distribution of water.
10．What does Henderson say about the Hohokam
A．They were expert in farming. B．They were poor at time management.
C．They had a strong sense of team spirit. D．They fought for their rights to use water.
11．Which of the following would Huckleberry agree with
A．Canal irrigation is out of date. B．Sustainable development matters.
C．Farming can solve current trouble. D．The loss of soils is worse than before.
D
Researchers in Singapore have developed an electronic material that helps robots sense and touch nearby objects.
The material is a kind of foam: a solid substance that is filled with air and is soft. And the foam has another useful quality. It repairs itself when damaged, much like human skin. The material is called AiFoam, which is short for artificially innervated foam. To innervate means to supply with nerves. In robots, AiFoam would gather information from nearby and send it to a computer controlling the robot. AiFoam is a stretchy polymer (聚合物) combined with a mixture that lowers surface tension. This means that if you cut the material, it can return easily into one piece.
To copy the human sense of touch, the researchers mixed microscopic pieces of metal into the material. Then they added very small electrical connections beneath the surface of the foam.
Benjamin Tee, a lead researcher on the new material at the National University of Singapore, said that when there is pressure on the material, the metal particles (颗粒) get closer. The movement changes their electrical properties. The electrical connections sense these changes and send information about them to a computer, which then tells the robot what to do.
“When I move my finger near the sensor, you can see the sensor is measuring the changes of my electrical field and responds accordingly to my touch,” he said. The robotic hand senses not only the amount but also the direction of the force placed on it. That could make robots more intelligent and responsive.
Tee said AiFoam is the first material of its kind to combine self-repairing properties with nearness and pressure sensing. After spending over two years developing it, Tee and his team hope the material can be put to use within five years.
12．What is one feature of AiFoam
A．It is made out of air. B．It is a low-cost material.
C．It has self-repairing ability. D．It can replace human skin.
13．How does the author develop paragraph 2
A．By giving instructions. B．By listing examples.
C．By making comparisons. D．By offering explanations.
14．Which of the following gives orders to the robot
A．Benjamin Tee. B．The researcher.
C．The sensor. D．The computer.
15．What can we learn about AiFoam from the last two paragraphs
A．It can measure the shape of your finger.
B．It can change the direction of the force.
C．It will come onto the market in the near future.
D．It makes robots more sensitive than human beings.
2023届山东省泰安市高三下学期二模英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Shrek’s Adventure
Shrek’s Adventure! is a one-of-a-kind indoor “walk-and-ride” tourist attraction in London inspired by the hit Dream Works films Shrek, Shrek 2, and Shrek the Third. It allows children to come face to face with Shrek, Fiona, Donkey, and many others.
Shrek’s Adventure! has ten funny shows featuring classic sets (like Shrek’s swamp) from many Shrek films, a breathtaking 4D ride with special effects， and most importantly, a tour where kids can help break the code and save Shrek so he gets back to his beloved swamp (沼泽 地) safely.
Activities
Going aboard the magical 4D Dream Works Tours bus(with Donkey acting as the tour guide)
Learning how to be a Viking of Berk
Cooking up a magic spell at the Muffin Man’s house
Basic Rules
All children under the age of 15 must be accompanied by an adult at all times.
All bags and coats must be brought with you during the tour.
All visitors must arrive within the time on your booking confirmation and you must bring a printed version of the booking with you during your visit. If you do not arrive within your reserved arrival time, you may have to wait until the next available show time.
Ticket Costs
27(at the door) or 18. 90(online) for people aged 16 and over
21. 85 (at the door) or 15. 30(online) for children aged 3 to 15
Children under the age of three can get in for free.
1．What can children do in Shrek’s Adventure!
A．Learn to cook a meal.
B．Watch the Dream Works film Shrek.
C．Help Shrek return to his swamp.
D．Act as the guide on the tour bus.
2．What will you do if you miss the reserved show time
A．Enjoy the next available show.
B．Show the printed tickets.
C．Book another show online.
D．Get in immediately.
3．How much will a couple and their 6-year-old son pay if they book online
A． 37. 8. B． 53. 1. C． 34. 2. D． 75. 85.
B
For Lydia Koniordou, a famous Greek actress and former Greek minister of culture and sports, cultural preservation is essential to help people know who they are and learn what they should do in the future.
“The taller you want to grow, the deeper your roots must be. Our cultural past is our roots. If we don’t have really strong roots and depth in our perception (认识) of our identity, we cannot grow. Without these roots, we will be torn out very easily with the currents,” she told the journalist in a recent interview, adding cultural heritage is in fact very much alive and relevant today.
Speaking of her teaching experience overseas, Koniordou said she was very much impressed by her Chinese students when she gave seminars on ancient Greek tragedy at the Shanghai Theatre Academy in 2014-15. When the students worked on Alcestis, an Athenian tragedy by ancient Greek playwright Euripides, they thoroughly researched the costumes they would be wearing, the set, and the lights, among others, she recalled. “I feel they evolved and were transformed by this experience as I was transformed. They did not just play a role, but created a whole world and that is why the production had so much interest also for the spectators,” she said.
Koniordou participated in the production of Euripides ‘Electra’ together with Greek director Kostas Tsianos. “Tsianos did something very important for Greek culture. He connected folk forms of art, folk dances, songs and poetry with our classical past. We presented this performance in many places around the world, and the feeling that it stirred in the audience was quite similar, even though they didn’t always understand the language,” she said.
The Chinese civilization is a huge tree with very deep roots, and Greece also has a rich ancient civilization, she said, adding she believes that the two countries could promote cooperation and exchanges in many fields, such as in preservation of antiques.
4．What can we learn from paragraph 2
A．Cultural heritage is easily damaged.
B．The importance of cultural preservation.
C．The taller growth wants the deeper roots.
D．We are easily torn out with the currents.
5．What did Koniordou do in Shanghai
A．She played a role and was loved by the spectators.
B．She researched the costumes, the set, and the lights.
C．She studied the art of Chinese performance as a student.
D．She promoted the students’ understanding of Greek culture.
6．Why did Koniordou cooperate with Kostas Tsianos
A．To indicate her friendship with Tsianos.
B．To show Koniordou was also expert at directing.
C．To popularize and promote traditional Greek culture.
D．To introduce the art achievement of Tsianosin.
7．What will the text probably talk about in the following part
A．Cultural preservation in China.
B．The way to preserve cultural heritage.
C．The introduction of other Greek art productions.
D．Cooperation between Chinese and Greek culture.
C
For more than 25 years, search engines have been the Internet’s front door. AltaVista, the first site to allow searches of the full text of the web, was swiftly replaced by Google, which has dominated the field ever since. Google’s search engine, still the heart of its business, has made its parent, Alphabet, one of the world’s most valuable companies.
But nothing lasts forever, particularly in technology. Just ask IBM, which once ruled business computing, or Nokia, once the leader in mobile phones. Both were defeated because they missed big technological transitions (革新). Now tech firms are excited about an innovation that might bring a similar shift and a similar opportunity. Chatbots (聊天机器人) powered by artificial intelligence (AI) let users gather information via typed conversations. Leading the field is ChatGPT, made by OpenAI, a startup. By the end of January, two months after its launch, ChatGPT was being used by more than 100m people, making it the fastest- growing consumer application in history, according to UBS, a bank.
AI is already used behind the scenes in many products, but ChatGPT has put it center stage, by letting people chat with an Al directly. ChatGPT can write essays in various styles, explain complex concepts, summarize text and answer various questions. It can even pass legal and medical exams. And it can synthesise knowledge from the web: for example, listing holiday spots that match certain criteria, or suggesting menus. If asked, it can explain its reasoning and provide detail. Many things that people use search engines for today, in short, can be done better with chatbots.
On February 7th, Microsoft, which has invested more than $11bn in OpenAI, revealed a new version of Bing, its search engine, which includes ChatGPT. Satya Nadella, Microsoft’ s boss, sees this as his chance to challenge Google. For its part, Google has announced Bard, its own chatbot, as a companion to its search engine. The share price of Baidu, known as the Google of China, jumped when it said it would release its chatbot, called Ernie, in March.
But can chatbots be trusted Can tech firms make money from this Only time will tell.
8．Why does the author mention IBM and Nokia in the second paragraph
A．To prove his idea.
B．To show their popularity.
C．To introduce them to readers.
D．To emphasize the value of them.
9．What does the underlined word “synthesise ” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Spread.
B．Combine.
C．Stress.
D．Advance.
10．What is ChatGPT unable to do according to the text
A．Comprehend meaning.
B．Write essays.
C．Replace doctors.
D．Chat with people.
11．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Will ChatGPT be popular
B．Will AI replace human beings
C．Will Microsoft defeat Google
D．Will ChatGPT eat Google’s lunch
D
Have you ever wished you could be better organized or more sociable Or more inventive and original Perhaps you’re a constant worrier, and you’d prefer to be a little more carefree If any of these thoughts ring true, you are not alone. Many surveys show that at least two-thirds of people would like to change their personality. In the past, such desires appeared to be impossible. Our personalities were thought to be formed in childhood and to remain fixed throughout lives. Recent research, however, suggests that with the right psychological strategies and enough effort, people can successfully mould (塑造) their core traits into the shape they desire. That is what psychology professor Nathan Hudson and his colleagues have shown with studies.
The research has centered on fivetraits (特点) that are thought to contain our most fundamental characteristics. Known as the “big five”, they are: extraversion-how outgoing and sociable you are; conscientiousness-how organized and disciplined you are; agreeableness- how concerned you are with social harmony; neuroticism-how nervous and sensitive you are; and openness to experience-how imaginative and curious you are. People’s scores for the big five can predict important outcomes. People who score highly on conscientiousness, for example, get better grades at school and earn more. Those who score highly on neuroticism, meanwhile, are more sensitive to stress.
In the study, someone who wished to be more conscientious might be asked to carefully read an email before sending it, or to write a to-do list before going to bed. A neurotic person might be given exercises to improve emotional regulation, such as writing down feelings when they are hard to control. The aim is for the thinking patterns and behaviours they make to become habitual. And the evidence so far suggests it works well. Similar results could be seen in a later experiment, which used a smartphone app to coach participants in their desired big five traits.
As Aristotle argued more than 2, 300 years ago, we become what we repeatedly do.
12．What can we learn from the text
A．Personality remains fixed in life.
B．Personality change is possible.
C．Personality keeps changing with age.
D．Personality varies from person to person.
13．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The aim of the research.
B．The method of the research.
C．The focus of the research.
D．The importance of the research.
14．What’s the author’s attitude towards the research
A．Favourable.
B．Doubtful.
C．Disapproving.
D．Indifferent.
15．Which of the following sayings can we learn from the study
A．Character determines destiny.
B．Custom makes all things easy.
C．Habit determines character.
D．A fox may grow gray, but never good.
2023届山东省青岛市高三下学期二模英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Guided tours at the National Museum at South Kingston
Out of Hours Titano Tours
Book a tour with one of our knowledgeable tour guides to get up close to all the main characters in our world-famous Dinosaurs gallery. You'll get to learn how dinosaurs were first discovered, how they adapted to life on Earth and why they're so important to our science today.
13:00-14:00 Weekends only.
Behind the Lens Tour
Have you ever wondered why wildlife photography can be used to make a difference to the natural world Join our hosts for a special tour of the Wildlife Photographer of the Year exhibition and discover the stories behind the photos. We will introduce you to some surprising stories as well as the impact that these photos have had on wildlife conservation eforts.
9:00-10:00 Wednesday & Friday.
Behind the Scenes Tour: Spirit Collection
Go behind the scenes with our science educators for a look at the Museum's fascinating zoology collection preserved. As we explore some of the Darwin Centre's 27 kilometers of shelves, you＇ll encounter treasures hidden among the 22 million animal specimens （标本）housed here．
14:00-15:00 Monday closed.
History of the Natural History Museum Tour
With stories stretching from Waterhouse to Darwin, you'll get to journey through time and discover more about how the incredible 'Cathedral of Nature'became world-famous. What's more, once the tour is finished, you will have the opportunity to visit the whole Museum at your own pace, newly equipped with your behind-the-scenes knowledge.
14:00-15:00 Monday to Friday.
1. What can you do on Behind the Lens Tour
A. Tell stories about nature.
B. Dig into wildlife photography.
C. Discover tips to take photos.
D. Join in a group to protect wildlife.
2. Which tour can you take if you go to the museum on Monday afternoon
A. Out of Hours Titano Tours.
B. Behind the Lens Tour.
C. Behind the Scenes Tour: Spirit Collection.
D. History of the Natural History Museum Tour.
3. In what column of the museum website could you find the text
A. Shop.
B. Join and Support.
C. What's on.
D. Membership.
B
The students stand on a pier（码头）over the Harlem River in New York City. They stare down into the brown water. Their teacher, Mr. Rodman, pulls a long rope out of the river. Fastened to the end of the rope is a metal cage and inside are oysters（牡蛎）. Taking turns， the students measure all the oysters, and then compare notes. The biggest oyster is over 2 inches long, much bigger than a healthy size for its age! They also measure the level of oxygen. As more oysters grow, the water should become clearer and hold more oxygen. Also, other animals should move in.
Oysters are soft-bodied animals, and share the underwater community with plants, fish, and other life. They are food for crabs and other animals. As new oysters grow, they attach their shells to older ones， forming big reefs with many small spaces where other animals live. Oysters eat algae（藻类）. If algae grow too fast，they can decrease oxygen from the water-and even fish need oxygen to breathe!
But what happened to the oysters 100years ago in New York Harbor Before then, lots of oysters lived in these waters. They were shipped to restaurants around the world. By the early 1900s, people were eating them faster than they could grow. Pollution was pouring into the waters. The harbor became seriously polluted. Since the 1970s, new laws have helped reduce poisonous waste. Some fish started to swim through again. But oysters were still missing-until recently.
The Billion Oyster Project began in 2014 to help bring oysters back to New York Harbor. The project has recruited（招募）more than 6, 500 students at more than 100 middle schools and high schools to help grow, distribute, and study the oysters.
Finally, the students put the oysters back in the cage. Mr. Rodman lowers the cage into the river. In a few months, they will check the cage again. When the oysters are big enough, they will be moved to join a heaIthy reef in the middle of the harbor.
4. Why do students come to the pier over the Harlem River
A. To do research.
C. To buy oysters.
B. To go fishing.
D. To clean up the river.
5. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. What oysters are like.
B. How oysters get fed.
C. Why algae grow fast.
D. What role oysters play.
6. What can we learn about oysters in New York Harbor
A. People's love of eating oysters boosted their numbers.
B. More oysters than before lived in waters in the 1900s.
C. Polluted water was partly to blame for the missing of oysters.
D. New laws in the 1970s were crucial to oysters'recovery.
7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Oysters Raised in New York Harbor
B. The Harlem River Polluted Heavily
C. Nature's Helpful Crew Brought Back
D. Teacher Devoted to Wildlife Protection
C
Introduced species have a bad reputation. It has been believed that the species mix in a particular place should remain as unchanged as possible. But this is just an opinion. Other opinions are possible. A study published recently by Dov Sax of Brown University, thus asks how the benefits of introduced species might be better assessed, so that opinions can be more informed. Specifically, he identifies several aspects for that.
Initially, whether introduced species provide direct human advantage is taken into account. Dr. Sax and his colleagues ignored crops, since their benefits are obvious. But they included transplanted grass species that have gone wild，yet provide grazing（牧草）for domestic animals， and introduced forest trees that produce wood for construction.
Another factor is their possible benefit to the ecosystem into which the introduction has happened. Such introduction is sometimes made to reduce the risk of a localised species becoming extinct. Pyne‘’s ground plum（李子），native to a handful of sites in the central basins of Tennessee but now transplanted to others, falls into this category.
The last value is experienced on an emotional rather than a practical level. Lots of people feel good about native wildlife, which is generally the main motive for its conservation. But that feel-good factor can extend to introduced species as well. Such value can cut both ways, however. For example, ring-necked parakeets, an Asian and African species, have been spreading through Britain for several decades. Some find them a colourful addition to the local wildlife, others a noisy competitor for native birds.
In light of their analysis, Dr. Sax and his team therefore suggest that researchers studying introduced species should in future create a clear distinction in their studies between changes that have happened and judgments about the value of those changes. In addition, when making those judgments, they should acknowledge all types of values, rather than focusing narrowly on one or two of them.
That done, many species will surely still be accused of possible damage. But others, badly thought of in the past, may not.
8. What is Dr. Sax's study aimed todo
A. Kecp track of introduced species.
B. Get introduced species fully understood.
C. Compare opinions on introduced species.
D. Identify consequences of introducing species.
9. Why was Pyne's ground plum transplanted to other places
A. To provide graze for local animals.
B. To produce wood for construction.
C. To build a new local ecosystem.
D. To save local species from dying out.
10. How do local people react to the introduction of ring-necked parakeets
A. They don't care about it.
B. They consider it acceptable.
C. They can't put up with it.
D. They hold divided opinions on it.
11. What does Dr. Sax suggest to the future researchers
A. Focusing on main values.
B. Evaluating evident changes.
C. Analyzing previous researches.
D. Presenting all-round assessments.
D
Several research groups have previously generated images from brain signals using AI models that require numerous data analysis. Now, Shinji Nishimoto and Yu Takagi at Osaka University in Japan have developed a much simpler approach by slightly adjusting Stable Diffusion, a popular text-to-image generator, allowing it to turn brain signals directly into pictures.
Shinji Nishimoto and Yu Takagi built two additional models to help make Stable Diffusion work with brain signals. The pair used data from four people obtained by using functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI）（功能磁共振成像技术）to scan their brains while the four were viewing 10, 000 pictures.
Using around 90 percent of the brain-imaging data, the pair then trained one model to make links between fMRI data from a brain region that processes visual signals and the images that people were viewing. They used the same dataset to train the other model to form links between text descriptions of the images and fMRI data from a brain region that processes the meaning of images. After training, these two models could translate brain-imaging data into forms that were directly fed into the Stable Diffusion model. It could then reconstruct around 1000 of the images people viewed
with about 80% accuracy. This level of accuracy is similar to that previously achieved in a study that analysed the same data using a much more tedious approach, which involved more time and efforts.
However, the study only tested the approach on four people. “This approach requires huge fMRI machines”, says Sikun Lin at the University of California. “In future, more practical versions of the approach could allow people to make art or change images with their imagination, or add new elements to gameplay, but it is still a long way from daily use, ” she says.
12. What do we know about Stable Diffusion
A. It calls for more data analysis.
B. It was created to read brain signals.
C. It was launched by Japanese scientists.
D. It helps change brain signals into pictures.
13. What are the two models intended to doafter training
A. To process data.
B. To redraw images.
C. To scan human brains.
D. To match text descriptions.
14. What does the underlined word “tedious” mean in paragraph 3
A. Simple.
C. Effective.
B. Complicated.
D. Convenient.
15. What does Sikun Lin say about this approach
A. It is practical for daily use.
B. It has been widely used in art.
C. It will enrich people's imagination.
D. It will be applied in a broad range.2023届山东省部分市高三英语二模试题阅读理解分类汇编（答案详解）
阅读理解
2023届山东省菏泽市高三二模英语试题
1．B
2．D
3．C
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。介绍了写作比赛的相关事宜。
1．
细节理解题。根据首段末句“The 5 top-scoring essays will each win a $100 gift card thanks to the generous sponsorship by Extra Credit Union. (由于Extra Credit Union的慷慨赞助，得分最高的5篇文章将每人赢得100美元的礼品卡。)”可知，本次比赛的奖品将由Extra Credit Union赞助。故选B。
2．
细节理解题。根据第四段末句“Share how needs and wants might change throughout one’s life. (分享在一个人的一生中需求和欲望是如何变化的。)”可知，关于需求和欲望的讨论将是参赛作品的重点。故选D。
3．
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“The application form must be completed by a parent/guardian. (申请表格必须由家长/监护人填写。)”可知，申请人如亲自填写申请表格，将被取消资格。故选C。
4．D
5．B
6．A
7．D
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述Spencer Heslop患上一种经常导致脊髓和神经损伤的疾病后打轮椅篮球，在2022年4月带领球队在NWBA全国比赛中获得第八名后，他参加了美国男子国家队选拔营，在那里他与30名全国运动员进行了竞争，并进入了最后的12人名单。
4．
细节理解题。根据第三段的“By high school, Heslop played wheelchair basketball on a competitive basketball team. The experience opened his eyes to the world of adaptive sports, which became his favorite.(高中时，Heslop在一个竞技篮球队打轮椅篮球。这次经历让他看到了适应性运动的世界，这成为了他的最爱。)”可知，让Heslop对适应性运动产生了热情的是在轮椅篮球队的经历。故选D。
5．
推理判断题。根据第四段的“University of Michigan was near the top of my list academically. I also heard that they were trying to get an adaptive sports program going, and that helped me make my choice.(密歇根大学在我的学术名单上名列前茅。我还听说他们正在努力开展适应性体育项目，这帮助我做出了选择。)”可知，Heslop选择密歇根大学是因为他可以参加他最喜欢的体育项目。故选B。
6．
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“After leading the team to an 8th-place finish at the NWBA Nationals in April 2022, Heslop participated in the US Men’s National Team Selection Camp where he fought against 30 of the nation to athletes and made the final twelve-man roster.(在2022年4月带领球队在NWBA全国比赛中获得第八名后，Heslop参加了美国男子国家队选拔营，在那里他与30名全国运动员进行了竞争，并进入了最后的12人名单。)”可知，最后一段主要讨论了Heslop所取得的成就。故选A。
7．
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Faced with many challenges, he worked tirelessly to develop chair skills and conditioning that made him more explosive.(面对许多挑战，他孜孜不倦地学习椅子技巧和调节，使他更具爆发力。)”可知，Heslop是有决心的，故选D。
8．C
9．B
10．C
11．D
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，喜欢玩耍的不仅仅是哺乳动物。大黄蜂也这样做，这使它们成为已知的喜欢玩耍的第一种昆虫。
8．
推理判断题。根据第一段“When you’re bored, you might start playing with a ball or other objects. Such behavior is common in people. Other animals like it too — that’s why a dog fetches a stick, or a cat bats at toys. Play is an enjoyable way to pass the time. A new study finds that it’s not just mammals that like to play. Bumblebees (大黄蜂) do it too, making them the first insects known to play.(当你感到无聊时，你可能会开始玩球或其他物体。这种行为在人群中很常见。其他动物也喜欢它——这就是为什么狗会捡到一根棍子，或者猫会向玩具发起攻击。玩耍是消磨时间的一种令人愉快的方式。一项新的研究发现，喜欢玩耍的不仅仅是哺乳动物。大黄蜂也这样做，使它们成为已知的第一种昆虫)”可知，作者介绍了人类和一些动物是相似的，都会通过玩耍来消磨时间，以此来引起文章主题——大黄蜂也这样做。由此推知，作者通过介绍相似现象来引起文章主题。故选C。
9．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“A pathway was set up from the bumblebees’ nest to a feeding area. One side contained small wooden balls that rolled.(一条小路从大黄蜂的巢穴通往一个进食区。一边是滚动的小木球)”可知，在实验中，研究者她把小球放在小路上。故选B。
10．
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“As with mammals, the bumblebees who played the most were the younger ones.(和哺乳动物一样，大黄蜂玩得最多的是年轻的)”和划线词所在句子“Their play tapered off as they got older.(随着年龄的增长，它们的玩耍逐渐tapered off)”可知，和哺乳动物一样，大黄蜂玩得最多的是年轻的，这说明那些岁数大的黄蜂玩得较少。由此推知，随着年龄的增长，大黄蜂的玩得次数减少。由此推知，划线短语“tapered off”意为“减少”，与C项“Decreased.(减少)”意思一样。故选C。
11．
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A new study finds that it’s not just mammals that like to play. Bumblebees (大黄蜂) do it too, making them the first insects known to play.(一项新的研究发现，喜欢玩耍的不仅仅是哺乳动物。大黄蜂也这样做，使它们成为已知的第一种昆虫)”可知，文章主要讲了实验表明，大黄蜂是已知的喜欢玩耍的第一种昆虫。由此可知，D项“大黄蜂是已知的玩耍的第一种昆虫”适合做文章标题。故选D。
12．B
13．C
14．A
15．D
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了联合国本周发布了一份报告，敦促企业停止发布相当于“洗绿”的虚假净零目标。
12．
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Greenwashing is a term used to describe situations where companies mislead consumers by claiming to be eco-friendly or sustainable as a marketing plan rather than as a core principle of their business model.(“绿色清洗”是一个术语，用来描述这样一种情况：企业声称自己是环保型或可持续型的营销计划，而不是其商业模式的核心原则，从而误导消费者)”可推知，“洗绿”指的是一种误导性的说法。故选B。
13．
推理判断题。根据第五段第一句话“Many net-zero plans contain far-away or unclear targets and often call for the use of unproved technologies like carbon capture and tree planting, which effectively allow companies to continue polluting the atmosphere(许多净零排放计划包含遥远或不明确的目标，往往要求使用未经证实的技术，如碳捕获和植树，这实际上允许企业继续污染大气)”可知，一些净零承诺包含遥远或不明确的目标，往往要求使用未经证实的技术，这会允许企业继续污染大气。由此推知，一些净零承诺是没有意义的。接着文章列举石油巨头的例子“For example, many oil majors have announced plans to reduce emissions from their operations to zero by 2050 that do not take into account the carbon emitted by the fossil fuels they sell, which would allow them to increase production. Far from decreasing, fossil fuel production is going strong.(例如，许多石油巨头宣布了到2050年将其业务排放量减至零的计划，这些计划没有考虑到它们销售的化石燃料所排放的碳，这将使它们能够增加产量。化石燃料产量非但没有下降，反而增长强劲)”来说明一些净零承诺是没有意义的。故选C。
14．
推理判断题。根据第四段中““The problem is that the criteria for these net-zero commitments have varying levels of precision and loopholes (漏洞),” said UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres during the launch of the report.(“问题在于，这些净零排放承诺的标准有不同程度的精确性和漏洞，”联合国秘书长Antonio Guterres在报告发布时说)”可推知，Guterres对净零计划是不满意的。故选A。
15．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The report’s lead author, Catherine McKenna, urged companies to release new net-zero targets within a year. The updated targets must contain concrete actionable details.(该报告的主要作者Catherine McKenna敦促企业在一年内公布新的净零排放目标。更新后的目标必须包含具体的可操作细节)”可知，建议制定具体可行的目标来弥补净零漏洞，故选D。
2023届山东省济宁市高三二模考试英语试题
1．C
2．B
3．B
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个不为人知，价格不高，但值得探索的保护区。
1．
细节理解题。根据第一段“With two documentaries—All That Breathes and The Elephant Whisperers—making it to the Oscars， there’s renewed interest in India’s diverse wildlife. However, most popular wildlife parks are usually expensive. Here are four less-known reserves that are not so costly but equally worth exploring.”（随着两部纪录片《万物呼吸》和《大象语者》入围奥斯卡，人们对印度多样化的野生动物重新产生了兴趣。然而，大多数受欢迎的野生动物园通常都很昂贵。这里有四个不太为人所知的保护区，虽然价格不高，但同样值得探索。）可知，人们选择这四个不太为人所知的保护区时考虑的是价格不高，故选C。
2．
细节理解题。根据第二个黑体字部分“The 5,400 sq km reserve is the only one in India with three keystone species—Ganges river dolphin, ghariyal and red-crowned roof turtle—along with eight rare turtle species and about 300 species of migratory and resident birds”（这个5400平方公里的保护区是印度唯一一个拥有三种关键物种——恒河海豚、长尾海豚和赤冠顶龟——以及8种稀有海龟和约300种候鸟和留鸟的保护区。）可知，对于想看到不同海龟种类的人们而言，可以选择National Chambal Reserve。故选B。
3．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“COST OF RIDE: 1,150 per head on elephant, 4,400 for a jeep with four people, 8,200 per person to 10,600 for six people in a boat.”（乘坐费用:大象每人 1150美元，四人吉普车每人 4400，六人乘船每人 8200至 10600）可知，乘坐大象每人需要 1150，因而四个人需要 1150*4= 4600，故选B。
4．C
5．D
6．D
7．A
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在老龄化服务领域取得了卓越和创新的声誉的DOROT。
4．
词句猜测题。根据第一段中““I was a good opponent for him. I don’t think he expected it.” （“对他来说，我是一个很好的对手。我想他也没想到会这样。”）可知，对于17岁的Emmett Daniels来说，他没有想到76岁的Antoinette-Marie Williams在围棋方面的技艺高超，因此画线句的含义为“Daniels赢得很辛苦。”选项C符合题意，故选C。
5．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams to a cross-generational relationship that they both enjoy. ”（他们每周的比赛让丹尼尔斯和威廉姆斯建立了他们都喜欢的跨代关系。）第二段“Since its founding, DOROT has achieved a reputation of excellence and innovation in the fields of aging services. Volunteers of young ages offer critical resources to older adults, in services specific to the person’s needs and interests, with the ultimate goal of lessening loneliness of the old.”（自成立以来，DOROT在老龄化服务领域取得了卓越和创新的声誉。年轻的志愿者为老年人提供重要的资源，针对个人的需求和兴趣提供服务，最终目标是减轻老年人的孤独感。）可知，DOROT从建立开始在老龄化服务领域就取得了卓越和创新的声誉，通过活动，帮助老人和年轻人建立了彼此都喜欢的跨代关系，即：其目的是为老年人提供代际联系，选项D符合题意，故选D。
6．
推理判断题。根据第三段“In 2018, the UK government appointed a Minister for Loneliness, highlighting the increasing concern around the issue. This followed the publication of the 2017 report by the Jo Cox Loneliness Commission, which found that loneliness was a growing social epidemic and called for a national strategy to address the issue.”（2018年，英国政府任命了一名解决老年人孤独问题的事务大臣，突显了人们对这一问题的日益关注。在此之前，乔·考克斯孤独委员会于2017年发布了一份报告，该报告发现孤独是一种日益严重的社会流行病，并呼吁制定一项国家战略来解决这一问题。）可知，英国政府通过任命专门人员来解决老年人孤独问题，突显了人们对这一问题的日益关注，因而作者在本段主要强调政府对老人孤独问题的关注。故选D。
7．
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了在老龄化服务领域取得了卓越和创新的声誉的DOROT，同时在第三段中也提到了政府对老人孤独问题的关注。因而文章主要描述的是老龄化的孤独问题，所以文章可能来自“社会关注”板块，故选A。
8．C
9．A
10．A
11．B
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述运动中的安全问题，以脑震荡为例，由一开始的忽视到后来得到重视的过程，来以此告诉我们运动中安全问题至关重要。
8．
推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“Several years ago, I was at a pre-season football practice at a high school where I was working with the team on a concussion research project. The players were lined up in two rows facing each other and with little more instruction from the coach than, “on the whistle, hit the man across from you”, great concern rushed through my mind.（几年前，我在一所高中参加季前足球训练，当时我正与球队一起进行脑震荡研究项目。球员们面对面排成两排，在教练的指导下，‘哨声一响起，就打你对面的那个人’，我的脑海里闪过极大的担忧）”可知，作者当时正与球队一起进行脑震荡研究项目，而教练命令队员去打对面的人，由此可推论出，作者一定是担心教练没有意识到其中潜在的伤害。故选C项。
9．
细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“However, for decades, concussion has been considered a temporary injury with no long-term consequences. Many athletes will do just about anything to stay on the field and ‘play through the pain’ as a sign of toughness.（然而，几十年来，脑震荡一直被认为是一种暂时的伤害，没有长期后果。许多运动员会尽一切努力留在赛场上，‘带伤比赛’，以此作为坚韧的象征）”可知，运动员在遇到与运动相关的脑震荡时往往会忽视它。故选A项。
10．
主旨大意题。根据第四段的内容“In the early 1900s football was played without helmets (头盔), but severe injuries, like skull fractures, led to the occasional use of leather helmets in the 1920s.The first facemask entered the game in the 1950s. Modern helmets use advanced shell materials, have moveable panels to absorb forces, and multi-layered padding that responds to different panies will continue to improve helmets as new materials become available, guided by the newest science.（在20世纪初，足球是不戴头盔的，但20世纪20年代，颅骨骨折等严重损伤导致偶尔使用皮头盔。20世纪50年代，第一个面罩进入了比赛。现代头盔使用先进的外壳材料，有可移动的面板来吸收力，还有多层衬垫来应对不同的冲击。随着新材料的出现，公司将在最新科学的指导下继续改进头盔）”可知，该段主要是说运动员所戴头盔的改进与变化。故选A项。
11．
推理判断题。根据文章的最后两句“Yet, participation in any sport carries injury risk, and concussion will always be part of that. As those children become adults and make sport their hobby or even career, ensuring them play safely at all levels is essential.（然而，参加任何运动都有受伤的风险，脑震荡永远是其中的一部分。随着这些孩子长大成人，把运动作为他们的爱好甚至职业，确保他们在各个层面上的运动安全至关重要）”可以推论出，运动安全怎么强调都不为过。故选B项。
12．C
13．A
14．D
15．B
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述人们要接受现实中的不确定性。
12．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“For example, people tend to respect those who present themselves ascertain while viewing those who express uncertainty as wishy-washy, and untrustworthy. Young people growing up in a culture that identifies strongly with certainty are told that to be certain is to be secure, right, and good. It is the idea, more than uncertainty itself, that causes great anxiety.”（例如，人们倾向于尊重那些表现得很确定的人，而认为那些表现得不确定的人是优柔寡断的，不值得信任的。在一种强烈认同确定性的文化中长大的年轻人被告知，确定性意味着安全、正确和良好。正是这种想法，而不是不确定性本身，引发了极大的焦虑。）可知，本段通过列举事实，讲述了人们对表现出确定和不确定性的人们所表现出的不同态度，故选C。
13．
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Too often people act as if certainties are drawn in permanent marker: Thick, clear, definitive, and rigid. But they are not. They are actually drawn with pencil—ready for revision, editing, and change.”（人们常常认为确定性是用永久的记号画出来的:厚重、清晰、明确、死板。但事实并非如此。它们实际上是用铅笔绘制的，随时可以修改、编辑和更改。）可知，确定性的特征是随时可以修改、编辑和更改，因而划线词此处指“可变的”，故选A。
14．
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Milly, a 25-year-old quoted in the report, described her experience in a group discussion where uncertainty was welcomed rather than criticized”（25岁的米莉(Milly)在报告中引用了她在一次小组讨论中的经历，在小组讨论中，不确定性受到欢迎而不是批评。）可知，Milly认为，不确定性应该受到欢迎而不是批评。即Milly的态度是赞同的。故选D。
15．
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章在第一段中提到人们对表现出确定和不确定性的人们所表现出的不同态度，第二段讲到现实中，确定性是短暂的，是可变的。第三、四段提到Milly认为，不确定性应该受到欢迎；最后一段提到年轻人并不排斥确定性，但他们不接受预先包装好的答案或单一的解决方案。所以文章主要讲述人们对于要接受现实中的不确定性。选项B符合题意，故选B。
2023届山东省日照市高考二模英语试题
1．A
2．C
3．A
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。从跟随日本诗人的路线进行多日徒步旅行，到阿根廷湖区的经典攀登，这里有数千条令人难以置信的小径让我们能够亲近大自然。文章主要介绍了几条让我们能够亲近自然的小路。
【详解】
1.细节理解题。根据The Basho Wayfarer, Japan部分中第一句话“This self-guided trip follows a route taken by the poet Matsuo Basho over 300 years ago. (这次自助之旅沿着300多年前诗人松尾芭蕉走过的路线进行)”可知，Basho Wayfarer没有导游服务。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据Mount Toubkal, Morocco部分的第二句话“After overnight here, hikers set off up the snowfield to the peak, where the Atlas Mountains open out and the views are breathtaking.(在这里过了一夜之后，徒步旅行者们踏上了雪地，登上了山顶，阿特拉斯山脉向外延伸，景色令人叹为观止)”可知，在Mount Toubkal徒步旅行者沿着雪地向顶峰进发，沿途可欣赏到雪景。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据The Dingle Way, Ireland部分中“It is a ring-like path (这是一个环形的道路)”可知，Dingle Way这条线路是环形的。故选A。
4．B
5．A
6．D
7．A
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Ke’Nyzjah Ferebee ，一个十几岁的青少年，在父母的支持下，在家自己制作蛋糕，开展网上定制业务，生意火爆。
4．
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Ke’Nyzjah Ferebee was standing by the kitchen worktop,adding cupcake liners to a pan. She used an ice cream spoon to fill each with cake batter (面糊) to ensure they would look identical. A finished group sat on the counter with white buttercream turning on top. The cupcakes were for a 2-year-old’s “Moana”-themed birthday party. The next day, she had orders for a two-tiered cake and two birthday cakes. (Ke’Nyzjah Ferebee正站在厨房的工作台面旁，往平底锅里加纸杯蛋糕衬垫。她用冰淇淋勺把蛋糕面糊填满，以确保它们看起来一模一样。一群吃完的人坐在柜台上，上面是白色的奶油。这些纸杯蛋糕是为一个两岁孩子的《海洋奇缘》主题生日派对准备的。第二天，她收到了两层蛋糕和两个生日蛋糕的订单。)”可知，Ke’Nyzjah在为生意做蛋糕。故选B。
5．
推理判断题。根据第二段“She requires at least two to four weeks’ notice on orders, and she gets six to seven a week. (她要求订单至少提前两到四周通知，而她每周会收到六到七份订单。)”可知，Kayke Bakery很受欢迎。故选A。
6．
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话“It’s a little difficult having to keep up with both my Instagram and my Facebook pages and managing school, personal life and a business. It can be a lot sometimes, but I manage. (要同时关注我的Instagram和Facebook页面，还要管理学校、个人生活和生意，这有点困难。有时会有很多，但我能应付。)”可知，Ke’Nyzjah面临的挑战是平衡她的事业和学业。故选D。
7．
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“While most teenagers are spending the summer hanging out with friends and working, Ke’Nyzjah is filling orders,updating her website and getting new branding photos. She owns and operates KayKe Bakery, a home-based business, specializing in custom cakes and cupcakes. She offers 14 flavors. She requires at least two to four weeks’ notice on orders, and she gets six to seven a week. (当大多数青少年都在和朋友出去玩、工作的时候，Ke’Nyzjah却在接订单、更新她的网站、拍摄新的品牌照片。她拥有并经营KayKe Bakery，这是一家以家庭为基础的企业，专门从事定制蛋糕和纸杯蛋糕。她提供14种口味。她要求订单至少提前两到四周通知，而她每周会收到六到七份订单。)”可知，本文主要讲的是Ke’Nyzjah Ferebee ，一个十几岁的青少年，在父母的支持下，在家自己制作蛋糕，开展网上定制业务，生意火爆，故选A。
8．B
9．D
10．C
11．B
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了横跨亚利桑那州凤凰城的180英里长的运河，19世纪的时候城市的创始人们复兴了运河，城市的名称由此而来，更久以前霍霍坎人在这里建造并维护运河，以可持续的方式发展他们的社会。
8．
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Three years later, Swilling and other pioneers met to consider names for their settlement. The top two were Pumpkinville and Stonewall. Luckily, English adventurer Darrell Duppa proposed a name inspired by the resurrection (复兴) of the canals.(三年后，Swilling和其他拓荒者开会考虑给他们的定居点起什么名字。前两名是Pumpkinville和Stonewall。幸运的是，英国冒险家Darrell Duppa以运河的复兴为灵感，提出了一个名字)”可知，第二段主要介绍了凤凰城起名的经过，拓荒者开会讨论了起名方案，英国冒险家Darrell Duppa以运河的复兴为灵感提出了凤凰城（Phoenix）这个名字。由此可知，B项“凤凰城名字的由来”可概括段落大意。故选B项。
9．
词句猜测题。根据第三段中“In the southwest, we have some serious issues to deal with in terms of water. The Colorado River is the main source of water for the southwest and it’s over distributed. We’ve got population growth and climate change. How are we going to deal with that (在西南地区，我们有一些严重的水的问题需要处理。科罗拉多河是西南地区的主要水源，但是分布过散。我们面临着人口增长和气候变化。我们要怎么处理呢？)”可知，因为人口增长和气候变化，水资源的问题愈发突出，需要解决科罗拉多河的水过于分散带来的问题。that指代的是上文的“it’s over distributed”，即水的分布过散。故选D项。
10．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Henderson的话“It requires cooperation, because all the users of the water from that canal have to agree not only to construct it, but also to maintain it(这需要合作，因为这条运河的所有用水者不仅要同意建造它，还要同意维护它)”可知，霍霍坎人在使用运河的时候共同合作，建造并维护运河，因此他们富有团队精神。故选C项。
11．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Huckleberry的话“They learned how to sustainably farm, to manage water, to not destroy their soils in a way that is worthy and might give us insight into how we might deal with the current trouble.(他们学会了如何可持续地耕种，如何管理水资源，如何不破坏他们的土壤，这些都是有价值的，可能会让我们了解如何应对当前的问题)”可知，霍霍坎人使用运河的方式恰恰体现了可持续发展的理念，这种方式是有价值的，可以帮助我们应对当今的问题。由此推知，Huckleberry会同意“可持续发展非常重要”的观点。故选B项。
12．C
13．D
14．D
15．C
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍新加坡的研究人员开发了一种电子材料，可以帮助机器人感知和触摸附近的物体。
12．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“It repairs itself when damaged, much like human skin. The material is called AiFoam, which is short for artificially innervated foam.(它在受损时可以自我修复，就像人类的皮肤一样。这种材料被称为AiFoam，是人工神经泡沫的缩写)”可知，AiFoam的一个特点是它有自我修复的能力。故选C项。
13．
推理判断题。第二段中“The material is called AiFoam, which is short for artificially innervated foam. To innervate means to supply with nerves. In robots, AiFoam would gather information from nearby and send it to a computer controlling the robot. AiFoam is a stretchy polymer (聚合物) combined with a mixture that lowers surface tension. This means that if you cut the material, it can return easily into one piece.(这种材料被称为AiFoam，是人工神经泡沫的缩写。神经支配的意思是供给神经。在机器人中，AiFoam会从附近收集信息并将其发送给控制机器人的计算机。AiFoam是一种具有弹性的聚合物，结合了一种降低表面张力的混合物。这意味着，如果你切割材料，它可以很容易地恢复成一块)”中通过解释的方式说明了AiFoam是什么。故选D项。
14．
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The electrical connections sense these changes and send information about them to a computer, which then tells the robot what to do.(电子连接感应到这些变化，并将相关信息发送给计算机，然后计算机告诉机器人该怎么做)”可知，计算机向机器人下命令。故选D项。
15．
推理判断题。根据最一段中“After spending over two years developing it, Tee and his team hope the material can be put to use within five years.(经过两年多的研发，Tee和他的团队希望这种材料能在五年内投入使用)”可推知，AiFoam将在不久的将来上市。故选C项。
2023届山东省泰安市高三下学期二模英语试题
1．C
2．A
3．B
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲的是伦敦独一无二的室内旅游景点——Shrek’s Adventure!
1．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Shrek’s Adventure! has ten funny shows featuring classic sets (like Shrek’s swamp) from many Shrek films, a breathtaking 4D ride with special effects, and most importantly, a tour where kids can help break the code and save Shrek so he gets back to his beloved swamp (沼泽地) safely.(史莱克的冒险！这里有十场有趣的表演，展示了许多《怪物史莱克》电影中的经典场景(比如史莱克的沼泽)，还有令人惊叹的4D特技之旅，最重要的是，孩子们可以帮助破解密码，拯救史莱克，让他安全回到他心爱的沼泽。)”可知在Shrek’s Adventure!孩子们可以帮助史莱克安全回到他心爱的沼泽。故选C项。
2．
细节理解题。根据文章Basic Rules部分的“If you do not arrive within your reserved arrival time, you may have to wait until the next available show time.(如果您没有在预定的到达时间内到达，您可能必须等到下一个演出时间。)”可知如果错过了预定时间可以欣赏下一场可以观看的演出。故选A项。
3．
细节理解题。根据文章Ticket Costs部分的“ 27(at the door) or 18. 90(online) for people aged 16 and over 21. 85 (at the door) or 15. 30(online) for children aged 3 to 15(27英镑(在售票处)或18.90英镑(网上)，年龄在16岁及以上的人；21.85英镑(在售票处)或15.30英镑(网上)，3至15岁的孩子)”可知一对夫妇和一个六岁的男孩应该付53.10英镑。故选B项。
4．B
5．D
6．C
7．D
【导语】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了对于希腊著名女演员、前希腊文化和体育部长Lydia Koniordou对于希腊文化保护和传播所作的贡献以及她希望中国和希腊两国可以促进多领域合作与交流的事情。
4．
推理判断题。根据第一段“For Lydia Koniordou, a famous Greek actress and former Greek minister of culture and sports, cultural preservation is essential to help people know who they are and learn what they should do in the future.”（对于希腊著名女演员、前希腊文化和体育部长Lydia Koniordou来说，文化保护对于帮助人们了解自己和学习未来应该做什么至关重要。）和第二段“Our cultural past is our roots. If we don’t have really strong roots and depth in our perception of our identity, we cannot grow. Without these roots, we will be torn out very easily with the currents”（我们的文化历史是我们的根源。如果我们对自己的身份认知没有真正牢固的根基和深度，我们就无法成长。如果没有这些根，我们将很容易被潮流撕裂）可知，Koniordou认为文化是一个国家的根基，没有这些根基我们就不能发展和成长，说明保护文化的重要性。故选B项。
5．
推理判断题。根据第三段“When the students worked on Alcestis, an Athenian tragedy by ancient Greek playwright Euripides, they thoroughly researched the costumes they would be wearing, the set, and the lights, among others, she recalled. “I feel they evolved and were transformed by this experience as I was transformed. They did not just play a role, but created a whole world and that is why the production had so much interest also for the spectators,”she said.”（她回忆道，当学生们创作古希腊剧作家欧里庇得斯的雅典悲剧《阿尔克西斯》时，他们彻底研究了他们将要穿的服装、布景和灯光等。她说：“我觉得他们在进化，在我被改造的过程中他们也被这段经历所改造。他们不仅发挥了作用，还创造了一个完整的世界，这就是为什么观众对这部作品如此感兴趣的原因。”。）可知，Koniordou帮助学生理解希腊戏剧，说明她促进了学生对希腊文化的理解。故选D项。
6．
细节理解题。根据第四段““Tsianos did something very important for Greek culture. He connected folk forms of art, folk dances, songs and poetry with our classical past. We presented this performance in many places around the world, and the feeling that it stirred in the audience was quite similar, even though they didn’t always understand the language,” she said.”（“齐亚诺斯为希腊文化做了一件非常重要的事情。他将民间艺术形式、民间舞蹈、歌曲和诗歌与我们的古典历史联系在一起。我们在世界各地举办了这场演出，观众的感受非常相似，尽管他们并不总是懂希腊语，”她说。）可知，Koniordou和科斯塔斯·齐亚诺斯合作是为了普及和弘扬希腊传统文化。故选C项。
7．
推理判断题。根据第五段“The Chinese civilization is a huge tree with very deep roots, and Greece also has a rich ancient civilization, she said, adding she believes that the two countries could promote cooperation and exchanges in many fields, such as in preservation of antiques.”（她说，中国文明是一棵有着深厚根基的大树，希腊也有着丰富的古代文明。她补充说，她相信两国可以促进许多领域的合作与交流，比如古董保护。）可推断出接下来可能会谈到的是中国和希腊文化之间的合作。故选D项。
8．A
9．B
10．C
11．D
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种人工智能ChatGPT，并讨论其是否能取代Google。
8．
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“But nothing lasts forever, particularly in technology. (但没有什么是永恒的，尤其是在科技领域。)”和第三句“Both were defeated because they missed big technological transitions (革新). (这两家公司都失败了，因为它们错过了重大的技术转型。)”可知，作者在第二段提到IBM和诺基亚的目的是证明自己的观点。故选A。
9．
词句猜测题。根据第三段第四句中的“for example, listing holiday spots that match certain criteria, or suggesting menus (例如，列出符合特定标准的度假地点，或推荐菜单)”可知，此处是指可以综合网上的信息，所以synthesise意为“结合，综合”。故选B。
10．
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“AI is already used behind the scenes in many products, but ChatGPT has put it center stage, by letting people chat with an Al directly. (人工智能已经在许多产品的幕后使用，但ChatGPT通过让人们直接与人工智能聊天，将其置于中心舞台。)”可知，ChatGPT可以和人聊天，排除选项D；根据第三段第二句“ChatGPT can write essays in various styles, explain complex concepts, summarize text and answer various questions. (ChatGPT可以写各种风格的文章，解释复杂的概念，总结文本和回答各种问题。)”可知，ChatGPT可以理解含义、写文章，排除选项A和B。故选C。
11．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“For more than 25 years, search engines have been the Internet’s front door. AltaVista, the first site to allow searches of the full text of the web, was swiftly replaced by Google, which has dominated the field ever since. Google’s search engine, still the heart of its business, has made its parent, Alphabet, one of the world’s most valuable companies. (在超过25年的时间里，搜索引擎一直是互联网的大门。AltaVista是第一个允许搜索网页全文的网站，但很快就被谷歌取代，谷歌从此占据了该领域的主导地位。谷歌的搜索引擎仍然是其业务的核心，它使其母公司Alphabet成为世界上最有价值的公司之一。)”，第二段前四句“But nothing lasts forever, particularly in technology. Just ask IBM, which once ruled business computing, or Nokia, once the leader in mobile phones. Both were defeated because they missed big technological transitions (革新). Now tech firms are excited about an innovation that might bring a similar shift and a similar opportunity. (但没有什么是永恒的，尤其是在科技领域。只要问问曾经统治商业计算的IBM，或者曾经是移动电话领导者的诺基亚就知道了。这两家公司都失败了，因为它们错过了重大的技术转型。现在，科技公司对一项可能带来类似转变和类似机会的创新感到兴奋。)”和最后一段“But can chatbots be trusted Can tech firms make money from this Only time will tell. (但是聊天机器人可信吗？科技公司能从中赚钱吗？只有时间会告诉我们答案。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一种人工智能ChatGPT，并讨论其是否能取代Google。故选D。
12．B
13．C
14．A
15．C
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，人们可以成功地将他们的核心特征塑造成他们想要的形状，从而达到改变性格的目的。
12．
细节理解题。根据第一段倒第二句“Recent research, however, suggests that with the right psychological strategies and enough effort, people can successfully mould (塑造) their core traits into the shape they desire.(然而，最近的研究表明，通过正确的心理策略和足够的努力，人们可以成功地将他们的核心特征塑造成他们想要的形状)”可知，我们可以从文中了解到性格改变是可能的。故选B。
13．
主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“The research has centered on fivetraits (特点) that are thought to contain our most fundamental characteristics.(这项研究集中在被认为包含我们最基本特征的五种特征上)”可知，第二段主要是讲研究的重点。故选C。
14．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As Aristotle argued more than 2, 300 years ago, we become what we repeatedly do.(正如亚里士多德在2300多年前所说的那样，我们反复做什么，我们就会成为什么)”可推知，作者对研究的态度是赞成的。故选A。
15．
细节理解题。根据倒第二段第一句“In the study, someone who wished to be more conscientious might be asked to carefully read an email before sending it, or to write a to-do list before going to bed.(在这项研究中，研究人员可能会要求那些希望更认真的人在发送电子邮件之前仔细阅读，或者在睡觉前写一份待办事项清单)”和最后一段“As Aristotle argued more than 2, 300 years ago, we become what we repeatedly do.(正如亚里士多德在2300多年前所说的那样，我们反复做什么，我们就会成为什么)”可知，我们可以从研究中学到习惯决定性格的道理。故选C。
2023届山东省青岛市高三下学期二模英语试题
1-3 BDC
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了南金斯敦国家博物馆的四个不同的专题之旅。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据Behind the Lens Tour中的"Join our hosts for a special tour of the Wildlife Photographer of the Year exhibition and discover the stories behind the photos. We will introduce you to some surprising stories as well as the impact that these photos have had on wildlife conservation efforts.(加入我们的主持人，参加年度野生动物摄影师展览的特别之旅，发现照片背后的故事。我们将向你介绍一些令人惊讶的故事，以及这些照片对野生动物保护工作的影响。)”可知，该旅行可以深入研究野生动物摄影。故选B。
【小题2】细节理解题。根据History of the Natural History Museum Tour中的“14:00-15:00 Monday to Friday.(周一至周五14:00-15:00)”可知，如果你星期一下午去博物馆，可以参加自然历史博物馆历史之旅。故选D。
【小题3】推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了南金斯敦国家博物馆的四个不同的专题之旅。所以推断可以在博物馆网站的“在展览什么”栏目找到这篇文章。故选C。
4-6 ADCC
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了学生通过在码头进行测量可知，消失已久的牡蛎再次出现。同时介绍了牡蛎在水中起到的作用以及解释了牡蛎在纽约港消失的原因，最后学生们通过研究发现，这些大自然的助手正在回归。
【小题4】细节理解题。根据第一段中“The students stand on a pier(码头) over the Harlem River in New York City. They stare down into the brown water. Their teacher, Mr. Rodman, pulls a long rope out of the river.(学生们站在纽约市哈莱姆河上的一个码头上。他们凝视着褐色的海水。他们的老师罗德曼先生从河里拉出一根长绳。)"以及"They also measure the level of oxygen. As more oysters grow, the water should become clearer and hold more oxygen.(它们还能测量氧气含量。随着更多的牡蛎生长，水会变得更清澈，含有更多的氧气。)可知，通过学生们在码头所做的各种测量，可知学生们在进行研究。故选A。
【小题5】主旨大意题。根据第二段中"Oysters eat algae(藻类). If algae grow too fast, they can decrease oxygen from the water-and even fish need oxygen to breathe!(牡蛎吃海藻。如果藻类生长得太快，它们会减少水中的氧气——甚至鱼也需要氧气来呼吸!)可知，本段主要介绍了牡蛎吃海藻，并且有益处水中氧气的产生即阐述了牡蛎在水中所起到的作用。故选D。
【小题6】推理判断题。根据第三段中"Pollution was pouring into the waters. The harbor became seriously polluted. Since the 1970s, new laws have helped reduce poisonous waste. Some fish started to swim through again. But oysters were still missing-until recently.(污染物正源源不断地流入水中。港口被严重污染了。自20世纪70年代以来，新的法律帮助减少了有毒废物。一些鱼又开始游过来。但是直到最近，牡蛎仍然不见踪影。)”可知，收到污染的影响，牡蛎在纽约港仍然是不见踪影的。故选C。
【小题7】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了学生通过在码头进行测量可知，消失已久的牡蛎再次出现。同时根据第二段中"Oysters eat algae(藻类),If algae grow too fast,they can decrease oxygen from the water-and even fish need oxygen to breathe!(牡蛎吃海藻。如果藻类生长得太快，它们会减少水中的氧气——甚至鱼也需要氧气来呼吸!)”可知，此处主要介绍了牡蛎吃海藻，并且有益处水中氧气的产生即阐述了牡蛎在水中所起到的作用，因此C选项"Nature's Helpful Crew Brought Back(大自然的帮手回来了。)符合文章标题。故选C。
8-11 BDDD
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了布朗大学的多夫·萨克斯最近发表的一项研究提出了一个问题，即如何更好地评估引进物种的好处，从而使意见更加全面。并建议在未来的研究中应该对物种的引入所带来的影响和改变进行全面的评估而非局限性的研究。
【小题8】细节理解题。根据第一段中"A study published recently by Dov Sax of Brown University, thus asks how the benefits of introduced species might be better assessed, so that opinions can be more informed.(布朗大学的多夫·萨克斯Dov Sax最近发表的一项研究提出了一个问题，即如何更好地评估引进物种的好处，从而使意见更加全面。)”可知，该项研究的目的是充分了解引进的物种。故选B。
【小题9】细节理解题。根据第三段中"Another factor is their possible benefit to the ecosystem into which the introduction has happened. Such introduction is sometimes made to reduce the risk of a localised species becoming extinct.(另一个因素是它们对引入的生态系统可能带来的好处。这种引进有时是为了减少当地物种灭绝的风险。)”可知，将Pyne's李子引入到其他地区是因为有利于减少当地物种灭绝的风险。故选D。
【小题10】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中"Some find them a colourful addition to the local wildlife, others a noisy competitor for native birds.(一些人认为它们为当地野生动物增添了色彩，另一些人则认为它们是当地鸟类吵闹的竞争对手。)”可知，当地人对ring-necked parakeets的引入持有不同的观点。故选D。
【小题11】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中"In addition, when making those judgments, they should acknowledge all types of values, rather than focusing narrowly on one or two of them.(此外，在做出这些判断时，他们应该承认所有类型的价值观，而不是狭隘地关注其中的一两个。)可知，Dr.Sax建议，在未来的研究中应该全面的开展研究，而不是狭隘地只关注一两个价值的方面。故
选D。
12-15 DABD
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种将大脑信号直接转化为图像的新的方法。
【小题12】细节理解题。根据第一段中"Now, Shinji Nishimoto and Yu Takagi at Osaka University in Japan have developed a much simpler approach by slightly adjusting Stable Diffusion, a popular text-to-image generator, allowing it to turn brain signals directly into pictures.(现在，日本大阪大学的Shinji Nishimoto和Yu Takagi开发了一种更简单的方法，他们对一种流行的文本到图像生成器Stable Diffusion稍加调整，使其能够将大脑信号直接转化为图像)”可知，Stable Diffusion有助于将大脑信号转化为图像。故选
D。
【小题13】细节理解题。根据第三段中"After training, these two models could translate brain-imaging data into forms that were directly fed into the Stable Diffusion model. It could then reconstruct around 1000 of the images people viewed with about 80% accuracy.(经过训练，这两个模型可以将大脑成像数据转化为直接输入Stable Diffusion模型的形式。然后，它可以重建大约1000张人们看过的图像，准确率约为80%)”可知，经过训练之后，两个模型都可以加工数据。故选A。
【小题14】词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的句子“which involved more time and efforts.(这需要更多的时间和努力)”可知，这种研究是比较费时费力的，故划线词与complicated为同义词，意为“复杂的”。故选B。
【小题15】推理判断题。根据最后一段中"In future, more practical versions of the approach could allow people to make art or change images with their imagination, or add new elements to game play, but it is still a long way from daily use," she says.(她说：“未来，这种方法的更实用版本可以让人们用自己的想象力创作艺术或改变图像，或者在游戏玩法中添加新元素，但距离日常使用还有很长的路要走。“)”可知，在未来，通过对该种研究方法的改进，被广泛应用。故选D。
