2023届山东省部分市高三二模英语试卷阅读理解分类汇编（原卷版+解析版）

2023届山东省部分市高三二模英语试卷阅读理解分类汇编
阅读理解
2023届山东省潍坊市高三下学期二模英语试题
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Book Hive
Norwich
As well as being a favourite of celebrities,this is a front-runner for the nation's prettiest bookshop,with an expansive glass shopfront and colourful art decorating the walls.It's home to thousands of hand-selected titles,with an especially impressive art-and-design collection. Owner Henry Layte says,"The Book Hive is like an old-fashioned bookshop,but it's also contemporary, stylish and fun!"Mr B's Reading Emporium Bath
A huge part of the charm（魅力）of this place is Mr B himself-a former bank trader who gave it all up in 2006 to share his passion for the written word. His enthusiasm must be infectious because his staff are similarly cheerful,handwriting personal notes to the overflowing shelves.“You can drop in anytime,” says one employee."And we pride ourselves on championing lesser-known tiles."
Barter Books
Northumberland
Under the roof of the Victorian Station lie the free-standing bookshelves,homely carpets and open fires that make up Barter Books.In addition to the thousands of second-hand titles in this bookstore,there are more than 40 glass cases housing rare books.Visitors can also see the Writers Mural-life-size literary figures painted high up on the walls. See if you can spot Charlotte Bronte and Charles Dickens.
Much More Books
Shropshire
Situated in the market town Much Wen lock，Much More Books is the epitome（缩影）of an antiquarian shop.Most surprisingly,historic buildings,an inclusive and well-thumbed collection, and even a book-finder service combine to make you feel as if you've stepped back a few centuries.Every type is covered,with lots of local-interest titles thrown in.You can even add to your music collection with their selection of vinyls and CDs.
1.What do The Book Hive and Barter Books have in common
A.They provide second-hand books. B.They are decorated like homes.
C.They have art works on their walls. D.They are favored by big figures.
2.What will impress you most when you enter Much More Books
A.The music CD. B.The ancient style.
C.The rare antique. D.The dynamic staff.
3.What is the text？
A.An advertisement for books. B.A collection of book reviews.
C.An introduction to well-known writers. D.A recommendation for famous bookshops.
B
Michael Gonsalves,a chef of Golden Oak at Disney World,has a cuisine concept rooted in fresh,locally-sourced ingredients that originated from childhood harvesting produce from their family garden with his mom to eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney World Resorts to employ a sustainable model.
"Truly the whole process starts with menu planning,"he said.Creating one dish leads into the creation of many more through the end-to-end use of products. As chefs, they are always searching for the best ingredients. It is then their focus to ensure they appreciate and respect all that go into each and every one of them.For example,they source chicken that is naturally grown and fed on a natural plant forward diet，no hormones（激素）or additives-that's used in many ways throughout menus from a simple grilled chicken breast to bone soup. Nothing goes to waste.
When they do have waste,even if minimal,they shift it from landfills to transform it into compost（堆肥）that's then used across the Walt Disney World property.They also support Second Harvest, a local community food bank where healthy produce,prepared,but not served, meals eatable for human consumption are donated.Disney also works with pig farmers when they can't distribute foods past the point of safety for human consumption. Besides, wildlife reservations love to get the meat because tigers and wild cats can still eat that.
Their operations are“on a path to a sustainable zero waste kitchen of tomorrow"where chefs learn the full-life cycle of plants from seed to plate and gain a better understanding and appreciation for the product and their craft.
Golden Oak at Disney has millions of bees that produce up to 300 pounds of honey per year，plus those bees help with cross pollination（授粉）of their gardens on a daily basis.They advocate a culture that helps develop not only the quality of food,but an appreciation for nature.
4.Where did Michael Gonsalves' idea about cuisine come from
A. His mom's suggestions. B.His dream of becoming a chef.
C.His interest in delicious food. D.His labor experience as a child.
5.How are the ingredients dealt with in Golden Oak
A.They are grilled to eat. B.They are used to the fullest
C.They are divided into groups. D.They are selected by quality.
6.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3
A.Give examples about zero waste.
B.Introduce the unique habit of wildlife.
C.Stress the importance of natural food.
D.Explain the operation mode of the food bank.
7.Which of the following is a suitable title for the lext
A.Disney World:New Cuisine Road
B.Michael Gonsalves:Creative Chef
C.Michael Gonsalves:Advocate of Food Diversity
D.Disney World:Pioncer in Environmental Protection
C
As winter arrives,the problem of fogged-up car windscreens becomes more pressing for drivers.Anti-misting sprays（喷雾剂）are one way lo deal with such fogging. But they need frequent reapplication. Another approach is to fix within the thing to be demisted a set of electrically powered heating wires. But because of the visual distraction（分心）created，that doesn't work for a car's front windscreen.
Iran Hachler and Dimos Poulikakos of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich have,however,come up with another way of warming something up to stop fog forming.Their new material is a coating ten nanometres（纳米）thick.It is flexible，easily made using existing processes,and can be applied as a coating to glass or plastic,or inset inside such materials.Its demisting properties are powered by sunlight.
In effect，it is a gold sandwich.The“bread”of this sandwich is a pair of layers（层），top and bottom,of a chemical material,each three nanometres thick.The filling is a four-nanometre deep golden material. The whole structure lets visible light pass unlimited,while absorbing invisible lights and transforming them into heat.It is the filling that warms the glass. Gold acts as a medium in the heating process.The network will now absorb heat if left in the sunshine.The top and bottom layers boost that absorption.
Glass coated with Mr Hachler's and Dr Poulikakos's invention is,they claim,four times more effective at preventing fog than an uncounted surface. It absorbs around 30% of solar radiation incident upon it-which,on a sunny day,increases the temperature of what it is applied to by around 8°C.On a cloudy day,that temperature rise is closer to 3-4°C.But in either case the enhancement is sufficient both to remove any fog that has formed and to prevent new fog forming.
The next step,Mr Hachler says,is to find the product's best market.Even though gold is used,the cost of adding this extra one is low.For the two inventors,though,the idea might prove a gold mine.
8.What is the disadvantage of anti-misting sprays
A.They have no lasting effect.
B.They damage the windscreens.
C.They turn the drivers' attention away.
D.They are constantly powered by electricity.
9.What is the function of the center layer
A.To save up heat. B.To protect the gold.
C.To produce electricity. D.To heat the windscreens.
10.What can be inferred about the invention from paragraph 4
A.It is useless on cloudy days.
B.It is unable to work at night.
C.Coated glass absorbs the visible lights.
D.Uncoated glass lowers the temperature by 8°C.
11.What does the author think of the new invention
A.It is very costly. B.It hits the market well.
C.It is highly profitable. D.It needs further improvement.
D
"Adolescent chimpanzees（黑猩猩）are in some sense facing the same psychological characteristics that human teens are,"said Alexandra Rosati,a professor at the University of Michigan."Our findings show that several key features of human adolescent psychology are also seen in our closest primate relatives."
The researchers conducted two tests involving food rewards with 40 wild-born chimpanzees in Republic of Congo.The chimpanzees voluntarily participated in the games to receive food treats.
Chimpanzees experience adolescence at about 8 to 15.Like humans,chimpanzees show rapid changes in hormone levels during adolescence,start forming new bonds with companions, show increases in aggression and compete for social status.
In the first test,adolescent and adult chimpanzees could choose between two containers in a gambling（投机）task.One container always contained peanuts，a food that chimpanzees somewhat like.Hidden in the other one was either an unlined food-a cucumber slice-or a favorite food-a banana slice.The chimpanzees could play it safe and get the peanuts,or take a chance for some greatly desired banana at the risk of ending up with unappetizing cucumber. The chimpanzees' emotional reactions were recorded,including angers,screams,or sticking on the table.
During several rounds of the test,adolescent chimpanzees took the risky option more often than adult chimpanzees,but adolescents and adults had similar negative reactions when they received cucumber.
The second lest,modeled after the famous"marshmallow test"with human children,examined delayed satisfaction where chimpanzees could receive one banana slice immediately or wait for one minute to receive three slices.Both adolescent and adult chimpanzees chose the greater delayed reward at a similar rate. Human teens lend to be more impulsive（冲动）than adults so they would be more likely to take the immediate reward.
"Prior research indicates that chimpanzees are quite patient compared with other animals, and our study shows that their ability to delay satisfaction is already mature at a fairly young age, unlike in humans,"Rosati said.
Risk-taking behavior in both adolescent chimpanzees and humans appears to be deeply biologically rooted,but increases in impulsive behavior may be specific to human teens.
12.What does the first test aim to find out about chimpanzees
A.Their problems of emotions. B.The signs of aggression.
C.Their sense of adventure. D.The change in hormone levels.
13.What does the underlined expression“play it safe”in paragraph 4 mean？
A.Give it a try. B.Take an action.
C.Play with fire. D.Avoid taking risks.
14.How might chimpanzees feel after getting the cucumber in the experiment
A.Puzzled. B.Delighted. C.Disappointed. D.Surprised.
15.What is the finding of the second test
A.The chimpanzees prefer bananas to any other reward.
B.Human adolescents tend to enjoy the instant satisfaction.
C.Human teens' ability to delay satisfaction develops better.
D.The chimpanzees are impatient to wait for delayed rewards.
2023年山东省枣庄市高考二模英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The artifacts (文物) are silent witnesses of bygone eras. It is only in a museum that you can reconnect with the past. If you are visiting museums in Sydney, the following will offer you the best experiences that reflect on the diverse history of Australia and its people.
Powerhouse Museum
In case you are visiting Sydney with your family, this museum offers one of the most exciting experiences in this city. The museum’s exhibits are devoted to displaying technologies that have transformed our world. Detailing innovations in space travel, nuclear science and the workings of light, electricity and gravity, they will surely interest your entire family, especially the young ones.
Australian National Maritime Museum
Australia is surrounded by water. Getting some insights into how this huge land relates to its surrounding waters is quite helpful as it is exciting. Learn how Australia and its people have been affected by the waters. Go back in history and learn about the experiences of the first people brought to Australia as prisoners. The Sea Journeys exhibit takes care of this.
Australian Museum
Imagine coming face to face with ten complete dinosaur skeletons in the Dinosaur exhibit! As you walk through the museum, you will come across the Exploring Australia exhibit which will take you through stuffed recreations of some of Australia's most dangerous animals including the now-extinct Tasmanian Tiger, ten most poisonous snakes and a number of crocodiles. Certainly, this is a museum you will not want to miss out on.
Museum of Sydney
Here you will learn everything about the rich and diverse history of this city. The digital presentations will interest you. Get the opportunity to view a huge range of artifacts from Sydney's history. The gift shop in the museum gives you a wide range of special gifts to choose for your loved ones.
1．What is special about Powerhouse Museum
A．It's especially kid-friendly. B．Its exhibits are the latest.
C．It tells Australia's early history. D．It reflects Sydney's life near the sea.
2．Where does the Exploring Australia exhibit take place
A．Powerhouse Museum. B．Museum of Sydney.
C．Australian Museum. D．Australian National Maritime Museum.
3．Who are the intended readers of this text
A．Students. B．Tourists. C．Historians. D．Journalists.
B
An extremely rare manuscript(手稿) signed by English naturalist Charles Darwin is expected to fetch up to $790,00at a Sotheby’s auction next month. The document contains a passage from the famous 1859 work On the Origin of Species, in which Darwin put forth his theory of evolution.
The document was once thought to be a deserted page from an earlier manuscript of the work. But experts now understand it was written in 1865 and sent to the editor of the Autographic Mirror who had requested a signed writing sample from Darwin.
“While some of Darwin's notes and manuscript pages have survived over the last hundred or more years, he was known to keep revising his publications, often throwing away pages from working drafts as waste paper, making them extremely rare,” Sotheby's said in a statement.
On the Origin of Species was voted the most influential academic book of all time in a public poll held during Academic Book Week in 2015.The book offers Darwin's revolutionary idea that species evolve over generations in the process of natural selection.
Darwin backed up his theory with evidence collected during his 1831—1836 voyage on the H.M S. Beagle, during which he observed and collected specimens (标本) from a number of species. On the Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador, Darwin noted that the finches(鸣雀)on the island were similar to finches on the mainland; however, the availability of different foods in each area had led to differences in beak shapes.
The manuscript will be placed on display at Sotheby's in New York between Nov.30 and Dec 8, and online bids will be accepted between Now.25 and Dec.8.The auction house estimates that the document will fetch between $600,000 and $790,000.
The auction, which is titled Age of Wonder, will also include a first edition of On the Origin of Species and a copy of scientific paper by Darwin and another naturalist.
4．What do we know about the manuscript
A．It’s a page of On the Origin of Species. B．It’s a draft of Darwin's scientific paper.
C．It’s a signed writing sample to an editor.D．It’s waste paper from Darwin's study.
5．What makes Darwin's On the Origin of Species the most influential academic book
A．His methods of research. B．His adventure on the sea.
C．The rare manuscript. D．His theory of evolution.
6．What does the underlined phrase “backed up” mean in Paragraph 5
A．supported B．explained C．declared D．created
7．What is the purpose of the auction
A．To put the manuscript on sale.
B．To display Darwin's works.
C．To vote the best academic books.
D．To release a new discovery.
C
A volunteer team in South Africa is rescuing pangolins from illegal trade as the animals face growing threats of extinction.
Pangolins, or scaly ant-eaters as they are otherwise known, are unique species found in Asia and Africa. They are covered in hard scales (鳞甲). When they feel threatened they roll up into a tight ball with only their scales exposed.
Pangolins are little studied and little understood species. However, they are poached and illegally traded in Asia and Africa. Their meat is considered a delicacy in many Asian countries and the scales are used in expensive clothing and handbags. But much of the illegal trade in pangolins involves their scales, which are thought to fight illnesses. High demand for their scales has resulted in poaching and illegal trade despite the fact that the species is protected.
The African Pangolin Working Group in Johannesburg is a volunteer team of veterinarians (兽医) and wildlife experts. They take care of their wounds, feed them and bring them back to health. Nicci Wright heads the group.
“When we receive those pangolins they are all very weak, whether they have been with the poachers for a few days or up to two weeks,” Wright said “They have got wounds and injuries, and it is very pitiful and very difficult to emotionally deal with that kind of suffering and abuse.”
The group is not just treating pangolins. They also help police to identify and catch poachers and traders, often in undercover operations. They also work on anti-trafficking measures. The latest program is to train dogs to sniff out pangolins being hidden and transported.
It is reported that 97 tons of pangolin scales were seized from smugglers who tried to take them out of Africa last year. This amounts to about 150,000 poached animals. However, it’s only about 20 percent of the total number, because the rest escaped with the poachers. “If this trend continues, there is a very likely extinction event for all species of the pangolin,” Wright noted.
8．Why are pangolins considered unique mammals
A．Their meat makes delicious food.
B．They have scales to protect themselves.
C．They are in danger of dying out.
D．They are little understood species.
9．What pushes the poaching and illegal trade of pangolins
A．Food shortages in Africa.
B．Health benefits of their meat.
C．Medicinal value of their scales.
D．The demand of fashion industry.
10．What do the volunteer team’s efforts focus on
A．Catching the poachers and illegal traders.
B．Training dogs to find the hidden pangolins.
C．Reporting any illegal trade or poaching.
D．Treating and tending the rescued pangolins.
11．What is Nicci Wright’s major concern according to the last paragraph
A．Pangolins’ suffering and abuse. B．Extinction of all pangolin species.
C．A decline in pangolin populations. D．The research on pangolin’s behavior.
D
Chemically, there are many different alcohols. All of them are poisons for almost all living things. After a person swallows a drink containing alcohol, the alcohol is absorbed rapidly into the bloodstream. It is then slowly removed and burned up, changing entirely in the process to carbon dioxide and water, mostly by action of the liver. The effects of alcohol on the body come from its effect on the brain. And they depend upon the amount of alcohol that builds up in the bloodstream.
As with many other poisons, a small amount of alcohol has some special effects. In small amounts it acts as a stimulant. People who are “uptight” — tense and nervous — are apt to become more relaxed and talkative, and seem to lose their worries. For this reason, some people drink a little alcohol after a hard day’s work.
The trouble with alcohol begins with just a little more just — a slightly higher amount — in the bloodstream. Then it becomes a depressant. Depressants make people slower at thinking and slower at moving. But people are apt to think they are smarter and faster. That’s bad. You can easily understand why they should not be driving a car.
There’s another part about drinking too much alcohol, which is even worse. People are likely to lose self-control. Then they are likely to drink even more. Those who are drunk are not very nice to be around and can be dangerous— to themselves and others.
Some people are compulsive drinkers. Even a small amount of alcohol “sets them off,” and they keep on drinking. These people are called alcoholics. The American Medical Association says they have the disease of alcoholism.
So far, no one has found a cure. The only treatment for an alcoholic is to never take a drink of alcohol-not even a little bit. That may sound simple, but for an alcoholic it’s not.
12．Which part of body does alcohol have the most effects on
A．The bloodstream. B．The heart.
C．The brain. D．The liver.
13．Why do people like to drink alcohol after a day’s work
A．To relax themselves. B．To make them smarter.
C．To have a good sleep. D．To become braver.
14．What does the author’s suggestion to alcoholics
A．Drink n little bit each day. B．Cut down on the amount.
C．Never drive after drinking. D．Stop drinking completely.
15．What is the text mainly about
A．The benefits of alcohol drinking. B．The effects of alcohol on people
C．The treatments on alcoholism. D．The causes of getting drunk.
2023届山东省聊城市高三下学期二模英语试题
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Whether we live in an urban studio, or a modest-size home filled with people, space in our homes can be hard to come by. Even without a lot of stuff, keeping everything organized presents a challenge. To make the most of the space you have, incorporate these clever ideas that may help.
Double up. Consider multipurpose for every piece of furniture. Buying a coffee table Get one with storage drawers beneath, or use a large basket topped with a pretty serving tray instead. If you need a bench, choose one that includes under-seat storage for, say, some magazines.
Get high. Always consider vertical (32H J) space. Shelves high on walls can store books, photo albums or holiday decorations. Hanging hooks for pots and pans can give you back whole kitchen cabinets, and hooks on walls provide a spot for jackets, belts or keys. Shadow boxes on bathroom walls can house pretty perfume bottles, lotions and toiletries.
Sink a basket. Baskets can help organize every area of your home. You can toss hardware tools, all the kids’ toys or several pairs of sandals in large baskets. Stick small containers in kitchen drawers to keep pens, rubber bands, stickers and magnifying glass organized.
Top drawer. A set of drawers beneath stairs can make use of otherwise-wasted floor space especially for articles not, so often used. DIY Life offers instructions for three ways of adding under-stair storage. Get them at naturalhomeand garden.com/smart-storage.
1．What is the purpose of “double up”
A．To make use of space on the wall. B．To leave more space on the floor.
C．To keep small articles in drawers. D．To generate more functions of furniture.
2．Which can be a good solution to storing rarely-used items
A．Double up. B．Get high. C．Sink a basket. D．Top drawer.
3．Where is the text probably from
A．A magazine. B．An advertisement.
C．A news report. D．A tour guidebook.
B
An important life lesson that I’ve drawn from running is to run at my own pace. It has guided me in many ways. In particular, it made me challenge the fixed expectations of retirement and aging.
Running is a metaphor (隐喻) for life. I realized this while training for a marathon to celebrate my 60th birthday. All the other runners being faster than me made me embarrassed. But my coach shared some valuable advice; run at your own best pace. Setting a goal or target time could be a limitation. He was right. Over time, I ran more easily and faster. I also enjoyed the experience much more.
I have applied this principle to other areas of my life. Finding a rhythm is not about efficiency or how many things I can get done in a day. It has more to do with what I decide to do at this stage in my life.
Running carries its own set of expectations, including what it means to be a strong runner. But expectations also extend to other areas of life, including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing. Expectations at my age can center on how leisure time is spent, decisions about employment, and even the role of a grandmother.
I used to think it was young people who bore peer pressure, but it’s easy to view retirement as another occupation with benchmarks (基准) to be met. We often make what someone else does the reference point. It’s a comparison trap.
Forget what others are doing. Their pace is not necessarily the pace you should run at. Run in your own way. It’s not better or worse — only different.
4．What does the author intend to tell in paragraph 2
A．The origin of a life principle. B．Her misunderstanding of running.
C．The importance of life expectations. D．Her unpleasant training experience.
5．What does the author think about life expectations
A．They are vital for retired people. B．They vary at different life stages.
C．They cover every decision in life. D．They are usually too high to fulfill.
6．What can we infer from paragraph 5
A．Young people often compete with old people. B．Retired people take up bad occupations.
C．Retired people are also under peer pressure. D．A comparison trap makes young people stronger.
7．What message does the author mainly want to convey
A．Retirement can’t stop old people’s dreams.
B．People should live life to the fullest.
C．People should live at their own speed.
D．Running at a fixed pace is beneficial to retired people.
C
Today, battery power per kilowatt hour costs around only ten per cent of what it did a decade ago. And the expectation is that the costs will continue to fall, because battery chemistry improves and manufacturing (批量生产) lots of batteries on a massive scale makes the production of individual batteries cheaper.
You can be forgiven for thinking that this might only be of interest to accountants, but the possible effects of this are enormous, and will benefit all of us. First and most obviously, it has made the batteries in electric cars cheaper and longer-lasting. And brilliantly, because electric batteries are improving so dramatically, we can already see the results. Last September, 15 per cent of all-new vehicle registrations were pure electric vehicles. So the change is starting to happen.
Better batteries does not just mean better cars however. They can also help us decarbonise the entire national grid (输电网). Storing energy has always been a problem for the grid. Today, only a tiny amount of generated electricity is stored for later use, which leads to lots of power going to waste. But better batteries make it technologically and economically viable to store large amounts of energy from the grid.
It’s possible that in the not-too-distant future, we might have an enormous battery in the garage. It would take power from the grid (or maybe even solar panels on the roof), and power appliances and lights in our homes at the times when demand for electricity is high. Home batteries are not yet as established as electric cars but-they are also growing in popularity.
So, given how much technology has improved batteries over the last decade, I can’t help but be strangely optimistic about the future. Batteries may not be as flashy (华丽的) as phones, rockets or other new technologies. But when it comes to technology to fight climate change, they’re definitely leading the charge.
8．What contributes to the popularity of electric cars
A．The production of individual batteries.
B．The longer duration and less cost of batteries.
C．Accountants’ interest in cheaper batteries.
D．The increasing vehicle registrations.
9．What does the underlined word “viable” mean in paragraph 3
A．Cheaper. B．Dramatic. C．Workable. D．. Exceptional.
10．What does the author expect of batteries
A．They will become smaller.
B．They will help make the world greener.
C．They will sell better than phones.
D．They will replace chargers on a lois trip.
11．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．Home Batteries Will Catch On -
B．Batteries Are Getting Better and Better
C．Battery Technology Needs Improving Urgently
D．Petrol-powered Cars Will Be Upgraded
D
Researchers have recently discovered that gut bacteria (肠道细菌) that grow within our body helps the brain build important social skills.
According to a paper published in PLOS Biology in November, zebra fish were used as research subjects to test how a lack of bacteria could affect social skills. Zebra fish are social animals as even 2-week-old fish start to hang out in groups of four to twelve.
The experiment started with making a group of fish “bacteria-free” through their diet. The other group were injected with a healthy mix of gut bacteria after they were hatched. About 15 days later, the second group began swimming in groups while the “bacteria-free” group “shockingly, didn’t,” Judith Eisen, a co-author of the new research, said to Quanta Magazine.
The team then examined the fish’s brains, discovering obvious differences between the two groups. The ones who lacked the gut bacteria had more interconnections among the neurons (神经元) in their brains in charge of social behavior, and social neurons were seen to have overgrown. This made the fish more cautious in social situations.
Scientists said that the bacteria might release a special chemical that crosses the bloodbrain barrier to reach the brain directly. Although the experiments were only on fish, the findings can theoretically be applied to humans. The team wishes to explore how gut bacteria affects the human brain in the future, which may lead to solutions to mental health problems.
Perhaps many people who claim that they have “social phobia (社交恐惧症)” can blame their guts. However, social phobia, or social anxiety disorder, can be a serious illness if overlooked. According to the National Health Service in the UK it is more than shyness but instead a constant fear of social situations. Patients may experience panic attacks which are an overwhelming fear and anxiety that last for a few minutes.
12．What does the research focus on
A．The growth of gut bacteria.
B．The way zebra fish build social skills.
C．The influencing factors of social behavior.
D．The link between gut bacteria and social behavior.
13．What was found in the experiment
A．The two groups of zebra fish became different in size.
B．The bacteria-free zebra fish swam in groups.
C．The zebra fish injected with gut bacteria were quieter.
D．The zebra fish with gut bacteria swam in groups.
14．How do scientists feel about their findings
A．Positive. B．Disappointed. C．Doubtful. D．Concerned.
15．Which is true about “social phobia” according to the last paragraph
A．It will result in gut problems. B．It is a severe illness.
C．It may cause panic. D．It is all about shyness.
2023届山东省德州市高三下学期二模英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The books we recommend as the top picks of the month:
MicroJoys
By Cyndie Spiegel
In hard times, Spiegel began searching for a way to learn to gently hold sorrow in one hand and joy in the other. In a series of thoughtful essays, the author opens her heart to share emotional events, which she calls “microjoys.” The author urges readers to open their minds and hearts and welcome glimpses of joy and beauty.
A Forest Journey
By John Perlin
This is the third edition of Perlin’s history of the essential role of trees in the story of humanity, from the appearance o the first true tree some 385 million years ago to post-Civil War America, covering all corners of the globe. Perlin writes that we have lost some 500, 000 square miles of forested land, adding even greater urgency to his overall message.
Mind over Batter
By Jack Hazan
Hazan introduces readers to baking therapy: a way for people to work through their feelings with baking at home. Mixed in recipes are tips and advice about managing anxiety. There are problems baking can’t solve, but there’s no shortage of stressed-out people in need of a little comfort, and sometimes, baking can help with that.
Black Mercuries
By David K. Wiggins
This valuable reference work showcases iconic African American Olympians, and offers readers the opportunity to discover athletes and their notable contributions to sports history. As the author’s note African American athletes have reflected both racial harmony and conflicts over the decades. The focus here is on the Summer Olympics, not including the Winter Olympics or Paralympics.
1．Whose book gives us some tips about having joy
A．John Perlin. B．Jack Hazan.
C．Cyndie Spiegel. D．David K. Wiggin.
2．Which book centers on treating psychological problem in the kitchen
A．Microjoys. B．Mind over Batter.
C．A Forest Journey. D．Black Mercuriest
3．What’s Black Mercuries about
A．Finding hope when life is tough.
B．The role of trees in human civilization.
C．Recipes for baking as a treatment.
D．African American athletes in the Olympics.
B
I still remember that day. Looking at the sea of people, I wanted to run off the stage. But I dived into the speech I had practiced diligently, nervous but determined to make my voice heard.
It all started with my essay in response to a radio host’s slanderous comments about women’s rights. After my boss refused it for publication, I submitted it to others, until finally I received a “YES!” from an online blog focused on women.
My story had thousands of views online. One of them invited me to speak at a grass-root gathering planned in Washington D．C．, I agreed hastily. Then reality sunk in. I was an unemployed writer, needed to find gainful employment, not focus on a meeting hundreds of miles away. I fought with myself, ready to reply with the reasons why I could not attend their gathering.
Still unsure of what to do, I called my kindergarten teacher. As always, her advice was what I needed. I was going to do this trip without spending a cent. I began contacting everyone I knew on the path from my house to Washington D．C．, explaining that I needed a ride. I set up a website for my “Road Trip for Rights.” Small donations for my trip started rolling in.
Armed only with my computer, phone and a backpack of essentials, I began my adventure. On my way, a woman who had been watching on the website pulled up. She and her daughter were heading to the gathering and went a long way round to pick me. After arrival, she dropped me off at my hotel, and I finally relaxed before the big day.
Upon returning to my hotel after the most amazing day, I received an envelope with my name on it. Inside were a train ticket and a note that read, “Thank you for being a voice for those of us who cannot speak.” I boarded the train, grateful and exhausted.
Since then, I have been to many gatherings and marches. I will always be thankful for that radio host whose words fueled a passion in me to find my voice.
4．What led to the author’s being invited to the gathering
A．Her boss refused to publish her essay.
B．She made friends with many people.
C．Her essay aroused wide attention.
D．The radio host recommended her.
5．Why did the author want to give up attending the meeting
A．She just couldn’t afford the time.
B．She was afraid to speak in public.
C．Her job was too gainful to leave.
D．She was in poor financial condition.
6．Why did the author set up the website
A．To get more information about the gathering.
B．To seek help for her trip to Washington D．C．
C．To organize some well-purposed gatherings.
D．To awaken people s awareness of their rights.
7．What can we infer about the radio host
A．His improper words set off the author’s passion.
B．He helped set up the gathering in Washington D．C．
C．He published an article concerning women’s rights.
D．He was known for his sharp and inadequate words.
C
The majority of Britons are educated in state schools, making up around 60% of those admitted to Oxford and Cambridge in 2013. Admissions at other leading universities were also weighted towards teenagers educated privately.
Then began a quiet revolution. The number of state-schooled pupils getting Oxbridge places has risen yearly; the number from private schools has fallen. The Russell Group of 24 leading universities says its members aim to admit more students from disadvantaged backgrounds.
A few things lie behind this change. The government has given cash to universities to reach underrepresented students and, since 2018, required them to publish plans showing how they are doing this. One report in 2018 showed that eight schools, six of which were private, accounted for more Oxbridge places than 2,900 other secondary schools combined.
Teach First, a scheme that sends clever graduates into tough schools for a couple of years, has also helped raise pupils, eagerness. It began in London, where the highest- performing state schools are concentrated.
All this has fueled a joint effort by schools and universities to make pupils consider the distinguished universities. For those state-school kids getting into top universities, extra help is needed. “You need to provide extra tutoring in the first year,” says Professor Smith from Oxford, who made efforts to admit state-school students before it became fashionable. She says they often do worse in exams at the end of the first year, but clean up in final exams.
That would seem to rebut one of the criticisms made of universities’ efforts to correct the state-private imbalance: that letting in more state-school students means standards will slip. “If you bring in people with diverse experiences and ways of thinking, who challenge one another’s assumptions, it promotes intellectual creativity and academic success,” says Helen, the principal of Mansfield College, Oxford.
“All this adds up to an important change,” says Lawrence. “Increasing numbers of state-school children are applying to universities in America and getting full scholarships.”
8．What was the quiet revolution
A．Admitting more poor students into top universities.
B．Getting state schools to cooperate with top universities.
C．Letting less private-school students into universities.
D．Having private schools take poor-background students.
9．What is implied in the 2018 report
A．State schools should promote their students’ academic reports.
B．Oxford and Cambridge preferred graduates from private schools.
C．Students in Oxbridge place high standard for their aims in life.
D．Oxbridge had a stricter admission standard than other universities.
10．What can we infer about state-school students from Professor Smith’s words
A．They get academic help from Teach First.
B．They become top students in a few years.
C．They need extra tutoring in the first term.
D．They are inspirations for other students.
11．What does the underlined word ”rebut" mean in paragraph 6
A．Support. B．Expose. C．Improve. D．Oppose.
D
One late winter day in Manchester, UK, as I step inside the University of Salford’s latest research building, the cold 3°C air bites immediately. In fact, it’s a giant climate- controlled room, designed to test how homes built today will cope with the wilder weather climate change could bring.
Inside the 16-million room, researchers can create any weather they want with the touch of a button, from —20°C cold to 40°C heatwaves, alongside strong winds, snow and ice. KAnywhere people live, we can recreate those conditions,,, says Fitton, who leads the Energy House 2.0 project for the university.
Inside the building are two new-build homes, complete with brickwork and pot plants. Both are equipped with cutting-edge green technology) like electric vehicle charging points, and will act as test beds to build greener homes in the UK. In 2025, the Future Homes Standard(FHS) will require all new homes to be built without gas central heating and with other green measures. Homes built to the FHS must deliver a 75% to 80% reduction in carbon emissions compared with homes built today.
That is why Bellway, partnering with the project, has built the rooms from its Coppersmith range of homes inside the Energy House 2.0. Yet clearly this is no ordinary new-build. For one thing, packed inside are three different heating systems： two air source heat pumps plus panel heaters dotted around the walls and ceilings. There’s also a solar power input, a battery and a smart hot water tank that heats water using solar generation.
Over the coming months, Bellway will test different combinations of these technologies to find the most cost-effective way of meeting the FHS regulations.
Financially, things are promising： Based on energy-performance calculations, Bellway says its Future Home could have energy bills of just 11 a year.
Energy House 2.0 will let researchers see how houses perform in the UK’s future climate. “We can cycle through the climate change predictions 50 years into the future and see if we have any problems says Fitton.”
12．What’s the aim of building the 16-million room
A．To predict the extreme weather humans will face.
B．To test how long a house stands in extreme weather.
C．To find a way for homes to deal with climate change.
D．To explore the most habitable homes for humans.
13．Why does Bellway cooperate with the project
A．To design green houses to meet the standards of FHS.
B．To explore the household use of advanced technology.
C．To sponsor the Energy House 2.0 for market profit.
D．To popularize its Coppersmith range of future homes.
14．Where will Energy House 2.0 research go
A．It’ll explore the use of cutting-edge technology.
B．It’ll find how houses tackle future climate changes.
C．It’ll make future houses have zero carbon emission.
D．It5ll spread Coppersmith range all over the country.
15．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Energy-Saving House Designs Put to the Test
B．The Expensive Room Holding Future Hopes
C．The Leading Place of the UK in Home Designs
D．Research into Homes for Future Climate Change
2023届山东省济南市高三下学期二模英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Many small American towns are known for their beautiful scenery, but very few have something special to offer. The following are known for their unique styles.
Scottshoro, Alabama
This attractive town is known as“The Lost Luggage Capital of the World”thanks to the unclaimed luggage center, where lost items such as snow skis, instruments and engagement rings are for sale. In addition to the store, which has become one of Alabama’s top tourist and shopping attractions, the city’s parks and heritage centers are popular places to visit.
Hope, Kansas
Hope is a city in southern Dickinson County, Kansas, with a population of 317.It’s the home of Klipsch Museum of Audio History, President William Jefferson Clinton’s birthplace and several antique shops. Hope’s motto,which is also the name of the town’s song, is “There will always be ’Hope’ in Kansas”.
Branson, Missouri
Although its population is just over 10,000,Branson hosts over 9 million visitors each year. When the best-selling novel, The Shepherd of the Hills, written by Harold Bell Wright, was released in 1907, readers rushed to the Ozark hills to experience its famous views. Now tourists also get to visit the World’s Largest Toy Museum, the world’s largest Titanic Museum Attraction and the record-breaking theme park, Silver Dollar City.
Leavenworth, Washington
Leavenworth is a European-inspired destination, offering a collection of outdoor activities all year long. It welcomes almost 2million tourists each year and is home to the Nutcracker(胡桃夹子)Museum, which has more than 7,000 nutcrackers from around the world. Many of its visitors travel to the village in December during its annual holiday festival to see it light up with more than one million Christmas lights.
1．Why is Scottsboro called“The Lost Luggage Capital of the World”
A．It sells unclaimed lost items.
B．It has fancy heritage centers.
C．It features amusing city parks.
D．It offers top shopping attractions.
2．What can visitors do in Branson, Missouri
A．Take part in festivals.
B．Shop at antique shops.
C．Visit theme museums.
D．Watch light shows.
3．Which of the following might be the most attractive to outdoor fans
A．Hope,Kansas.
B．Branson,Missouri.
C．Scottsboro,Alabama.
D．Leavenworth,Washington.
B
As the world has changed,so has education. Since 2018, Nelly Cheboi and her non-profit TechLit Africa have been bringing computer technology into schools in Kenya, helping students join the digital world, and unlock their potential. With its own software programs, curriculum (课程) and teacher training programs, this non-profit hopes to change Africa.
In 2012, Cheboi received a scholarship to College in Illinois that changed her life. She grew up in poverty in rural Kenya, watching her mother struggle to support her family alone. Cheboi had no experience with computers before moving to the US to study. She hand wrote papers and then struggled to type them out on a laptop computer. Somehow she fell in love with computer science and began a career in the field.But she did not lose sight of her origins. “As an undergraduate, I invested all of my income from various campus jobs into my community back in Kenya,” she said on the TechLit Africa website. But soon she wanted to do more for it and that is how TechLit Africa began.
Cheboi recalled how her background helped her understand how important technological knowledge could be for children living in poverty. She built a school with the idea of bringing computer science as part of kids’ curriculum growing up. But she found that it was going to be really hard to impact as many people as possible, because it was so hard to fund raise. Then in order to reach more students,she introduced computer training to existing schools. Cheboi physically dragged over 40 recycled computers that had been donated to them by various tech companies to Kenya in suitcases.
Now, since the non-profit has grown, it works with various companies that help them clean the donated computers of data and send them to Africa. TechLit Africa runs its own curriculum with its own software programs in 10 Kenyan schools,and the hope is to increase to 100 throughout Africa by next year. The students love learning about computers,and in turn are gaining skills that will help them make use of their talents into a way out of poverty.
4．What has Cheboi been doing since 2018
A．Boosting her science career
B．Promoting digital education.
C．Starting a scholarship program.
D．Updating the computer courses.
5．What inspired Cheboi to set up TechLit Africa
A．Her love for computer science
B．Her desire to help her hometown.
C．Her dream of supporting her family.
D．Her childhood experience in the US.
6．What do we know about Cheboi from Paragraph 3
A．She hopes to help more kids.
B．She plans to build new schools.
C．She seeks to develop new courses.
D．She calls for donations of computers.
7．Which of the following can best describe Cheboi
A．Sensitive. B．Devoted. C．Considerate. D．Cooperative.
C
A Purdue University invention could save millions of taxpayer dollars and significantly reduce traffic delays. The new invention, a sensor that allows concrete to “talk”, decreases construction time and how often concrete pavement (路面) needs repairs while also improving the road’s sustainability and cutting its carbon footprint. Fixed directly into a concrete pour the sensor sends engineers more precise and consistent data about the concrete’s strength and need for repairs than is possible with currently used tools and methods.
“Traffic jams caused by repairs have wasted 4 billion hours and 3 billion gallons of gas, on a yearly basis. This is mainly due to insufficient knowledge and understanding of concrete’s strength levels,” said Luna Lu, who has been leading development of the sensor since 2017. “For instance, we don’t know when concrete will reach the right strength needed to accommodate traffic loads just after construction. The concrete may be put into use too early,leading to frequent repairing,” she added.
With the technology Lu and her team invented, engineers can directly monitor the fresh concrete and accurately measure many of its properties at once. The sensor notifies engineers via a smartphone app exactly when the pavement is strong enough to handle heavy traffic. The stronger the pavement is before being used by vehicles, the less often it will need to be repaired. By decreasing road repairs and construction timelines, this technology could reduce carbon dioxide that vehicles would have given off while waiting in traffic to get around a construction site.
Methods that the industry has used for more than a century call for testing large samples of concrete at a lab or onsite facility. Even though these tests are well understood by the industry, differences between lab and outdoor conditions can lead to inaccurate estimates of the concrete’s strength due to the different concrete compositions and temperatures of the surrounding area.
8．What can be learned about the new invention
A．It decreases accidents.
B．It is costly to produce.
C．It reduces road repairs.
D．It is difficult to operate.
9．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．Waste caused by road repairs.
B．Characteristics of the concrete.
C．Situations of road constructions.
D．Necessity of inventing the sensor.
10．What does the underlined word “notifies” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Signals. B．Awakes. C．Monitor. D．Examines.
11．What is the problem with the previous tests
A．Samples must be tested on the spot.
B．The results turn out to be unreliable.
C．Fewer properties have been measured.
D．Concrete is tested in certain temperature.
D
A study from the University of Montreal and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, published in Frontiers in Medicine, found that regular virtual visits to museums could help seniors stay mentally active and come with a host of additional health benefits. That’s because these digital connections can make retirees feel less lonely and isolated(孤立的).
Social isolation has been associated with the risks for heart disease and the decline of recognition abilities in seniors and the pandemic(疫情)increased the risks due to the need for seniors to stay home and isolate, according to a press release from the university.
The researchers investigated the potential benefits of weekly virtual visits for a three-month period. The participants were people aged 65 and older who lived in Montreal. Half of the participants took part in online visits and a discussion afterwards, while the control group did not participate in any cultural events at all. The group who participated in the virtual visits showed improvements in their quality of life. “Our study showed that art-based activities may be an effective intervention,”lead author Dr. Olivier Beauchet, a professor at the University of Montreal, said in the press release. “On a global scale, this participatory art-based activity could become a model that could be offered in museums and arts institutions worldwide to promote active and healthy aging.”
The initiative reflects approaches recommended by the World Health Organization to manage certain diseases, according to Beauchet. For instance, the WHO launched the Aging and Health Program in 2015 that included using community-based organizations to promote culture as a key component of improving health. Traditionally, these sorts of preventive health activities have taken place in schools, community centers, and workplaces. “While these are suitable locations that reach a great number of people, there are additional organizations and sectors that could become partners in public health research and practice development,” Beauchet said. “Museums are among such potential partners. They are aware of the needs of their communities and are consequently expanding the types of activities they offer.”
12．How do seniors benefit from regular virtual visits to museums
A．They get survival skills.
B．They raise interest in art.
C．They improve quality of life.
D．They connect more with family.
13．What can be inferred from Beauchet’s words in Paragraph 3
A．Participants come from the whole world.
B．The museum needs better cultural events.
C．Face-to-face discussion is a useful intervention.
D．Seniors should attend more art-based activities.
14．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To advocate. B．To entertain. C．To advertise. D．To warn.
15．Which may be a suitable title for the text
A．The Aged Form a Community to Reduce Loneliness
B．Virtual Art-based Activities Bring People Together
C．Online Museum Trips Improve Seniors’ Well being
D．Retired Individuals Pay More Visits to Museums.2023届山东省部分市高三二模英语试卷阅读理解分类汇编（答案解析版）
阅读理解
2023届山东省潍坊市高三下学期二模英语试题
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了几个有特色的著名书店。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Book Hive部分中“with an expansive glass shopfront and colourful art decorating the walls.(宽敞的玻璃店面和色彩鲜艳的艺术品装饰着墙壁)”和Barter Books部分中“Visitors can also see the Writers Mural-life-size literary figures painted high up on the walls.(游客还可以看到作家壁画——真人大小的文学人物画在高高的墙上)”可知，两者的共同点是墙上都挂有艺术作品，故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Much More Books部分中“Situated in the market town Much Wen lock, Much More Books is the epitome(缩影) of an antiquarian shop. Most surprisingly, historic buildings, an inclusive and well-thumbed collection, and even a book-finder service combine to make you feel as if you’ve stepped back a few centuries.(位于Much Wen lock的Much More Books是一家古董店的缩影。最令人惊讶的是，历史悠久的建筑，包罗万象的收藏，甚至是图书查找服务，都让你感觉好像倒退了几个世纪)”可知，Much More Books的古老风格让人印象深刻，故选B。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了几个有特色的著名书店。故本文是推荐著名的书店，故选D。
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍迪士尼金橡树餐厅采用的“零浪费可持续发展模式”。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Michael Gonsalves, a chef of Golden Oak at Disney World, has a cuisine concept rooted in fresh, locally-sourced ingredients that originated from childhood harvesting produce from their family garden with his mom to eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney World Resorts to employ a sustainable model.(Michael Gonsalves是迪士尼世界金橡树餐厅的厨师，他的烹饪理念植根于新鲜的本地食材，从童年和母亲在家庭花园收获农产品开始，到最终带领迪士尼世界度假村的厨房采用可持续发展模式)”可知，Michael Gonsalves的烹饪理念源于他小时候的劳动体验。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is then their focus to ensure they appreciate and respect all that go into each and every one of them. For example, they source chicken that is naturally grown and fed on a natural plant forward diet, no hormones (激素) or additives — that’s used in many ways throughout menus from a simple grilled chicken breast to bone soup. Nothing goes to waste.(然后，他们的重点是确保他们欣赏和尊重每一个部分。例如，他们采购的鸡肉是自然生长的，以天然植物饲料喂养，不含激素或添加剂——从简单的烤鸡胸肉到骨汤，这些都在菜单中以多种方式使用。没有什么是浪费的)”可知，金橡树餐充餐厅分利用食材的每一个部分，没有什么浪费。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。第二段末句“Nothing goes to waste.(没有什么会被浪费)”提到餐厅没有什么浪费，结合第三段内容可知，本段是举例说明上文提及的“零浪费”，如把垃圾转化成堆肥，剩余食品捐给当地社区食品银行、与养猪户合作以及投喂给野生动物，故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合第一段中“Michael Gonsalves, a chef of Golden Oak at Disney World, has a cuisine concept rooted in fresh, locally-sourced ingredients that originated from childhood harvesting produce from their family garden with his mom to eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney World Resorts to employ a sustainable model.(Michael Gonsalves是迪士尼世界金橡树餐厅的厨师，他的烹饪理念植根于新鲜的本地食材，从童年和母亲在家庭花园收获农产品开始，到最终带领迪士尼世界度假村的厨房采用可持续发展模式)”及倒数第二段中“Their operations are ‘on a path to a sustainable zero waste kitchen of tomorrow’(他们的行为是‘走向未来可持续零浪费厨房的道路’)”可知，本文主要介绍迪士尼金橡树餐厅采用的“零浪费可持续发展模式”，A项“迪士尼世界：新美食道路”适合作为文章标题。故选A。
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着冬天的到来，汽车挡风玻璃被雾遮住的问题对司机来说变得更加紧迫。文章介绍了一种新的解决方法。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“As winter arrives,the problem of fogged-up car windscreens becomes more pressing for drivers. Anti-misting sprays(喷雾剂)are one way lo deal with such fogging. But they need frequent reapplication.（随着冬天的到来，汽车挡风玻璃被雾遮住的问题对司机来说变得更加紧迫。防雾喷雾剂是处理这种雾的一种方法。但它们需要经常重新应用。）”可知，防雾喷雾剂的缺点是它们没有持久的影响。故选A。
【9题详解】
目的意图题。根据第三段中“The whole structure lets visible light pass unlimited, while absorbing invisible lights and transforming them into heat.It is the filling that warms the glass. Gold acts as a medium in the heating process.（整个结构让可见光无限制地通过，同时吸收不可见光并将其转化为热量。是填充物使玻璃变暖。金在加热过程中起介质的作用。）”可知，中间层的作用是为了加热挡风玻璃。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Glass coated with Mr Hachler’s and Dr Poulikakos’s invention is,they claim,four times more effective at preventing fog than an uncounted surface. It absorbs around 30% of solar radiation incident upon it-which,on a sunny day,increases the temperature of what it is applied to by around 8°C.On a cloudy day,that temperature rise is closer to 3-4°C.But in either case the enhancement is sufficient both to remove any fog that has formed and to prevent new fog forming.（他们声称，涂有Hachler先生和Poulikakos博士发明的玻璃在防雾方面的效果是未计数表面的四倍。它吸收了大约30%的太阳辐射，在阳光明媚的日子里，它所处的温度会升高约8摄氏度。在阴天，温度上升接近3-4°C。但在任何一种情况下，增强都足以消除任何已经形成的雾，并防止新的雾形成。）”可知，从第4段可以推断出发明不能在晚上工作。故选B。
【11题详解】
观点态度题。根据最后一段“The next step,Mr Hachler says,is to find the product’s best market.Even though gold is used,the cost of adding this extra one is low.For the two inventors,though,the idea might prove a gold mine.（Hachler先生说，下一步是找到产品的最佳市场。尽管使用了黄金，但添加这一额外元素的成本很低。不过，对于这两位发明者来说，这个想法可能是一座金矿。）”可知，作者认为这项新发明是高利润的。故选C。
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要讲述研究发现，人类青少年心理的几个关键特征也出现在青少年的黑猩猩身上。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The chimpanzees could play it safe and get the peanuts, or take a chance for some greatly desired banana at the risk of ending up with unappetizing cucumber.(黑猩猩可以不冒险去吃花生，也可以冒险吃一些非常想吃的香蕉)”及第五段中“During several rounds of the test, adolescent chimpanzees took the risky option more often than adult chimpanzees(在几轮测试中，青少年黑猩猩比成年黑猩猩更常做出冒险的选择)”可知，第一个测试是为了测试黑猩猩的冒险意识。故选C。
【13题详解】
短语猜测题。根据画线词后“or take a chance for some greatly desired banana at the risk of ending up with unappetizing cucumber(也可以冒险吃一些非常想吃的香蕉，但最后可能会吃到不好吃的黄瓜)”可知，划线词所在句和后面是选择关系，故指“黑猩猩可以不冒险去吃花生”，play it safe意为“避免冒险”，故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“but adolescents and adults had similar negative reactions when they received cucumber(但当他们得到黄瓜时，青少年和成年黑猩猩的负面反应相似)”可知，黑猩猩得到黄瓜时表现出负面情绪，故有可能感到失望。故选C。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Human teens lend to be more impulsive (冲动) than adults so they would be more likely to take the immediate reward.(人类青少年比成年人更容易冲动，所以他们更有可能接受即时奖励)”可知，人类青少年倾向于享受即时满足，故选B。
2023年山东省枣庄市高考二模英语试题
1．A
2．C
3．B
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。介绍了悉尼几个值得参观的博物馆。
1．
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Detailing innovations in space travel, nuclear science and the workings of light, electricity and gravity, they will surely interest your entire family, especially the young ones. (详细介绍太空旅行、核科学以及光、电和重力的工作原理方面的创新，肯定会引起你全家的兴趣，尤其是年轻人。)”可知，Powerhouse Museum“动力博物馆”尤其会引起年轻人的兴趣，即受小孩子喜欢。故选A项。
2．
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“As you walk through the museum, you will come across the Exploring Australia exhibit which will take you through stuffed recreations of some of Australia's most dangerous animals including the now-extinct Tasmanian Tiger, ten most poisonous snakes and a number of crocodiles. (当你穿过博物馆时，你会看到“探索澳大利亚”展览，它将带你参观澳大利亚一些最危险的动物的填充物，包括现已灭绝的塔斯马尼亚虎、十条最毒的蛇和一些鳄鱼。)”可知，Australian Museum“澳大利亚博物馆”里有“探索澳大利亚”展览。故选C项。
3．
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“If you are visiting museums in Sydney, the following will offer you the best experiences that reflect on the diverse history of Australia and its people. (如果你正在参观悉尼的博物馆，以下将为你提供反映澳大利亚及其人民多样历史的最佳体验。)”可知，这篇文章是写给去悉尼旅行的人的。故选B项。
4．C
5．D
6．A
7．A
【导语】
本文是新闻报道。文章介绍了一份由英国博物学家查尔斯·达尔文签名的极其罕见的手稿预计将在下个月的苏富比拍卖会上拍出790000美元。
4．
细节理解题。根据第二段“But experts now understand it was written in 1865 and sent to the editor of the Autographic Mirror who had requested a signed writing sample from Darwin.（但专家们现在知道，这份手稿写于1865年，被寄给了《自传镜》的编辑，他曾向达尔文索要一份签名的写作样本。）”可知，这份手稿是一份给编辑的签名写作样本。故选C。
5．
细节理解题。根据第四段“On the Origin of Species was voted the most influential academic book of all time in a public poll held during Academic Book Week in 2015.The book offers Darwin's revolutionary idea that species evolve over generations in the process of natural selection.（在2015年学术图书周期间举行的公众投票中，《物种起源》被评为有史以来最具影响力的学术书籍。这本书提出了达尔文的革命性观点，即物种在自然选择的过程中经过几代人的进化。）”可知，达尔文的进化论使达尔文的《物种起源》成为最有影响力的学术著作。故选D。
6．
词句猜测题。根据第五段“Darwin backed up his theory with evidence collected during his 1831—1836 voyage on the H.M S. Beagle, during which he observed and collected specimens (标本) from a number of species.（达尔文在1831-1836年乘坐英国皇家海军贝格尔号航行期间，观察并收集了许多物种的标本，以此来back up他的理论。）”可知，达尔文观察收集物种标本来支持自己的理论。划线词是support的意思。故选A。
7．
细节理解题。根据第一段“An extremely rare manuscript(手稿) signed by English naturalist Charles Darwin is expected to fetch up to $790,00at a Sotheby's auction next month. （一份由英国博物学家查尔斯·达尔文签名的极其罕见的手稿预计将在下个月的苏富比拍卖会上拍出790000美元。）”可知，拍卖的目的是将手稿出售。故选A。
8．B
9．C
10．D
11．B
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了一个拯救穿山甲的组织以及他们的工作。
8．
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Pangolins, or scaly ant-eaters as they are otherwise known, are unique species found in Asia and Africa. When they feel threatened they roll up into a tight ball with only their scales exposed.(穿山甲，或称有鳞食蚁动物，是在亚洲和非洲发现的独特物种。当它们感到受到威胁时，它们会蜷缩成一个紧密的球，只露出鳞片)”可知，穿山甲之所以独特，是因为在遇到威胁时它们可用鳞保护自己。故选B项。
9．
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“But much of the illegal trade in pangolins involves their scales, which are thought to fight illnesses. (但穿山甲的非法贸易大多涉及它们的鳞片，人们认为它们可以对抗疾病)”可知，之所以有大量穿山甲非法贸易，主要是由于其鳞片的药用价值。故选C项。
10．
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“They take care of their wounds, feed them and bring them back to health. (他们照顾它们的伤口，喂养它们，让它们恢复健康)”以及第六段第一句“The group is not just treating pangolins. (该组织不仅仅是在治疗穿山甲)”可知，该组织主要工作是照顾穿山甲的伤口，喂养它们，让他们恢复健康，除此之外，也做一些别的工作。故选D项。
11．
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句““If this trend continues, there is a very likely extinction event for all species of the pangolin,” Wright noted. (Wright指出：“如果这种趋势持续下去，所有种类的穿山甲都很可能灭绝。”)”可知，Wright主要担忧的就是穿山甲的灭绝。故选B项。
12．C
13．A
14．D
15．B
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了喝酒对人们的影响。
12．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The effects of alcohol on the body come from its effect on the brain. And they depend upon the amount of alcohol that builds up in the bloodstream.”（酒精对身体的影响来自于它对大脑的影响。它们取决于血液中酒精的含量。）可知，酒精对大脑的影响最大。故选C。
13．
推理判断题。根据第二段中“In small amounts it acts as a stimulant. People who are “uptight”—tense and nervous—are apt to become more relaxed and talkative, and seem to lose their worries. For this reason, some people drink a little alcohol after a hard day’s work.”（少量时，它起到兴奋剂的作用。“紧张”——紧张和不安——的人容易变得更放松、更健谈，似乎不再担心。因为这个原因，一些人在一天的辛苦工作后喝一点酒。）可知，一些人在一天的辛苦工作后，为了让自己放松，缓解自己的紧张，往往会喝酒。故选A。
14．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So far, no one has found a cure. The only treatment for an alcoholic is to never take a drink of alcohol-not even a little bit.”（到目前为止，还没有人找到解药。治疗酒精中毒的唯一方法就是不喝酒——一点也不喝。）可知，在作者看来，唯一治疗酒精中毒的方式就是一点都不喝。故选D。
15．
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段中提到酒精对身体的影响，接着在第二段中提到工作的人们通常喝酒的原因，第三、四和五段论述了喝酒过量之后对人们的影响，最后一段提出解决酒精中毒的办法就是绝不喝酒，因而，本文主要讲述了喝酒对人们的影响。故选B。
2023届山东省聊城市高三下学期二模英语试题
1．D
2．D
3．A
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些充分利用空间的办法。
1．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Consider multipurpose for every piece of furniture. Buying a coffee table Get one with storage drawers beneath, or use a large basket topped with a pretty serving tray instead. If you need a bench, choose one that includes under-seat storage for, say, some magazines.(考虑多用途的每一件家具。买一张咖啡桌？买一个下面有储物抽屉的，或者用一个大篮子，上面放一个漂亮的盘子。如果你需要一个长凳，那就选一个座位下面有储物空间的，比如说，放一些杂志)”可知，“double up”的目的是让家具产生出更多功能。故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“A set of drawers beneath stairs can make use of otherwise-wasted floor space especially for articles not, so often used.(楼梯下面的一组抽屉可以利用原本浪费的地板空间，尤其是用来放不经常使用的物品)”可知，储存很少使用的物品的好方法是“顶层抽屉”。故选D。
3．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Whether we live in an urban studio, or a modest-size home filled with people, space in our homes can be hard to come by. Even without a lot of stuff, keeping everything organized presents a challenge. To make the most of the space you have, incorporate these clever ideas that may help.(无论我们是住在城市的工作室里，还是住在一个挤满了人的中等大小的家里，我们家里的空间都很难获得。即使没有很多东西，保持一切井井有条也是一项挑战。为了充分利用你所拥有的空间，结合这些聪明的想法可能会有所帮助)”以及最后一段“Get them at naturalhomeand garden.com/smart-storage.(可以在naturalhome和garden.com/smart-storage上购买)”可推知，文章选自杂志。故选A。
4．A
5．B
6．C
7．C
【导语】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者认为每个人的人生应该有自己的节奏，而不是按照别人的期望生活。
4．
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Running is a metaphor (隐喻) for life. I realized this while training for a marathon to celebrate my 60th birthday. All the other runners being faster than me made me embarrassed. But my coach shared some valuable advice; run at your own best pace. Setting a goal or target time could be a limitation. He was right. Over time, I ran more easily and faster. I also enjoyed the experience much more.(跑步是人生的一种隐喻。我是在为庆祝我60岁生日的马拉松训练时意识到这一点的。所有其他跑者都比我快，这让我很尴尬。但我的教练分享了一些有价值的建议；以你自己最好的速度跑。设定目标或目标时间可能是一种限制。他是对的。随着时间的推移，我跑得更轻松、更快了。我也更喜欢这段经历)”可知，作者在第2段想说生命原理的起源。故选A。
5．
细节理解题。根据第四段“Running carries its own set of expectations, including what it means to be a strong runner. But expectations also extend to other areas of life, including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing. Expectations at my age can center on how leisure time is spent, decisions about employment, and even the role of a grandmother.(跑步有它自己的一套期望，包括成为一名强壮的跑步者意味着什么。但期望也延伸到生活的其他领域，包括人们在某些生命阶段应该做什么或不应该做什么。在我这个年纪，人们的期望可能集中在如何度过闲暇时间、决定就业，甚至是扮演祖母的角色)”可知，作者认为生活期望在不同的人生阶段有所不同。故选B。
6．
推理判断题。根据第五段“I used to think it was young people who bore peer pressure, but it’s easy to view retirement as another occupation with benchmarks (基准) to be met.(我过去认为是年轻人承受着同辈压力，但很容易把退休看作是另一种需要达到标准的职业)”可推知，退休人员也面临同辈压力。故选C。
7．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Forget what others are doing. Their pace is not necessarily the pace you should run at. Run in your own way. It’s not better or worse — only different.(忘记别人在做什么。他们的速度不一定是你应该跑的速度。用你自己的方式奔跑。没有好坏之分，只是不同而已)”可推知，作者主要想传达的信息是人们应该按照自己的节奏生活。故选C。
8．B
9．C
10．B
11．B
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明电池技术的发展让电池价格越来越低并且存储量越来越大，这能让更多人受益。电池技术还有助于整个国家电网的脱碳，使大量储存电能具有可行性，从而促进家用电池的流行。最后作者乐观展望电池的未来。
8．
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“First and most obviously, it had made the batteries in electric cars cheaper and longer-lasting. And brilliantly, because electric batteries are improving so dramatically, we can already see the results. Last September, 15 per cent of all new vehicle registrations were pure electric vehicles. (首先也是最明显的是，它使电动汽车中的电池更便宜、更耐用。而且非常出色的是，由于电池正在大幅改善，我们已经可以看到结果。去年9月，所有新车登记中有15%是纯电动汽车)”可知，电动汽车的电池变得更便宜且更耐用，所以现在电动汽车跑得更远，其实用性更强，因此电动汽车注册用户开始增加。故选B。
9．
词义猜测题。根据上文“Storing energy has always been a problem for the grid.(储存能量一直是电网的难题)”及“But better batteries make it technologically and economically viable to store large amounts of energy from the grid. (但更好的电池使得从电网存储大量能量在技术和经济上都是……。)”中的“But”可知，更好的电池可以解决当前只有少量的发电被储存的问题。由此可知，画线词意为“可行的，行得通的”。故选C。
10．
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They can also help us decarbonise the entire national grid. (它们还可以帮助我们实现整个国家电网的脱碳)”和最后一段中的“Batteries may not be as flashy(华丽的) as phones, rockets or other new technologies, but when it comes to technology to fight climate change, they’re definitely leading the charge. (电池可能不像手机、火箭或其他新技术那样华丽，但在应对气候变化的技术方面，它们绝对是领先的)”可知，作者认为电池技术能帮助减少碳排放，能有力地帮助解决全球气候问题，即可以让世界更环保。故选B。
11．
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“First and most obviously, it had made the batteries in electric cars cheaper and longer-lasting. (首先也是最明显的是，它使电动汽车中的电池更便宜、更持久)”，第三段中的“They can also help us decarbonise the entire national grid. (它们还可以帮助我们实现整个国家电网的脱碳)”和第四段中的“This would take power from the grid (or maybe even solar panels on the roof), and power appliances and lights in our homes at the times when demand for electricity is high. Home batteries are not yet as established as electric cars, but they are also growing in popularity. (这将从电网（甚至屋顶上的太阳能电池板）获取电力，并在电力需求高的时候为我们家中的电器和灯供电。家用电池还没有像电动汽车那样成熟，但它们也越来越受欢迎)”可知，作者一直在强调电池变得更好、更受欢迎，从而也让更多人受益;再根据最后一段中的“So, given how much technology has improved batteries over the last decade, I can’t help but be strangely optimistic about the future. (因此，考虑到过去十年中技术对电池的改进程度，我不禁对未来感到异常乐观)”可知，作者对电池的前景充满乐观与希望。故B项“电池越来越好”适合作本文标题。故选B。
12．D
13．D
14．A
15．C
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员最近发现，在我们体内生长的肠道细菌有助于大脑建立重要的社交技能。
12．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to a paper published in PLOS Biology in November, zebra fish were used as research subjects to test how a lack of bacteria could affect social skills.(根据11月发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》（PLOS Biology）上的一篇论文，研究人员以斑马鱼为研究对象，来测试缺乏细菌如何影响社交技能)”可知，这项研究的重点是肠道细菌和社会行为之间的联系。故选D。
13．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“About 15 days later, the second group began swimming in groups while the “bacteria-free” group “shockingly, didn’t,” Judith Eisen, a co-author of the new research, said to Quanta Magazine.(大约15天后，第二组开始成群游泳，而“无菌”组“令人震惊的是，没有”，新研究的合著者朱迪思·艾森对《广达杂志》说)”可知，带有肠道细菌的斑马鱼成群游动。故选D。
14．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Although the experiments were only on fish, the findings can theoretically be applied to humans. (虽然这些实验只是在鱼身上进行的，但是这些发现在理论上可以应用到人类身上)”可推知，科学家们对这项研究的发现是持积极态度的，故选A。
15．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Patients may experience panic attacks which are an overwhelming fear and anxiety that last for a few minutes.(患者可能会经历惊恐发作，这是一个压倒性的恐惧和焦虑，持续几分钟)”可知，“社交恐惧症”可能会引起患者惊恐，故选C。
2023届山东省德州市高三下学期二模英语试题
1．C
2．B
3．D
【导语】
本文是应用文。推荐了几本本月最受欢迎的书。
1．
细节理解题，根据小标题MicroJoys下的段落中“In hard times, Spiegel began searching for a way to learn to gently hold sorrow in one hand and joy in the other. In a series of thoughtful essays, the author opens her heart to share emotional events, which she calls “microjoys.” The author urges readers to open their minds and hearts and welcome glimpses of joy and beauty.(在困难时期，斯皮格尔开始寻找一种方法，学会一只手温柔地握住悲伤，另一只手握住快乐。在一系列深思熟虑的文章中，作者敞开心扉，分享她称之为“微欢乐”的情感事件。作者敦促读者们打开自己的思想和心灵，欢迎快乐和美的一瞥)”可知，MicroJoys这本书给了我们一些快乐的秘诀，它的作者是Cyndie Spiegel。故选C项。
2．
细节理解题。根据小标题Mind over Batter下的段落中“Hazan introduces readers to baking therapy: a way for people to work through their feelings with baking at home. Mixed in recipes are tips and advice about managing anxiety. There are problems baking can’t solve, but there’s no shortage of stressed-out people in need of a little comfort, and sometimes, baking can help with that.(哈赞向读者介绍了烘焙疗法：一种让人们在家里通过烘焙来解决他们的感受的方法。食谱中混杂着管理焦虑的技巧和建议。有些问题是烘焙无法解决的，但总有一些压力过大的人需要一点安慰，有时烘焙可以帮助他们)”可知，Mind over Batter这本书是关于在厨房里治疗心理问题的。故选B项。
3．
细节理解题。根据小标题Black Mercuries下的段落中“This valuable reference work showcases iconic African American Olympians, and offers readers the opportunity to discover athletes and their notable contributions to sports history. As the author’s note African American athletes have reflected both racial harmony and conflicts over the decades. The focus here is on the Summer Olympics, not including the Winter Olympics or Paralympics.(这本有价值的参考作品展示了标志性的非裔美国奥林匹克运动员，并为读者提供了发现运动员及其对体育史的显著贡献的机会。如作者所言？几十年来，非裔美国运动员反映了种族和谐与冲突。这里的重点是夏季奥运会，不包括冬季奥运会或残奥会)”可知，Black Mercuries这本书主要讲述了非裔美国运动员参加奥运会。故选D项。
4．C
5．D
6．B
7．A
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者是一名失业的作家，但是在一位电台主持人的不合适的话语的刺激下，努力为自己发声。
4．
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“My story had thousands of views online. One of them invited me to speak at a grass-root gathering planned in Washington D.C.( 我的故事在网上有成千上万的浏览量。其中一个邀请我在华盛顿举行的基层集会上演讲)”可知，作者被邀请参加聚会是因为她的文章引起了大面积的关注，故选C项。
5．
细节理解题。根据第二段“I was an unemployed writer, needed to find gainful employment, not focus on a meeting hundreds of miles away.(我是一名失业的作家，需要找到有报酬的工作，而不是专注于数百英里外的会议)”可知，导致作者打算放弃参加聚会的原因是她的经济状况不佳，故选D项。
6．
细节理解题。根据第四段“I began contacting everyone I knew on the path from my house to Washington D.C., explaining that I needed a ride. I set up a website for my “Road Trip for Rights.” Small donations for my trip started rolling in.(我开始联系从我家到华盛顿特区的路上认识的每个人，解释说我需要搭便车。我为我的“权利公路之旅”建立了一个网站。为我的旅行捐助的小额捐款开始滚滚而来)”可知，作者建立网站的原因是要为自己的华盛顿之旅寻求帮助，故选B项。
7．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It all started with my essay in response to a radio host’s slanderous comments about women’s rights(这一切都始于我对一位电台主持人关于妇女权利的诽谤性评论的回应)”以及最后一段“I will always be thankful for that radio host whose words fueled a passion in me to find my voice(我将永远感谢那个电台主持人，他的话激发了我为自己发声的热情)”推知，电台主持人的不合适的话语点燃了作者的热情，故选A项。
8．A
9．B
10．C
11．D
【导语】
本文是新闻报道。讲述了英国一些顶尖大学开始接受公立学校的学生。
8．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Then began a quiet revolution. The number of state-schooled pupils getting Oxbridge places has risen yearly; the number from private schools has fallen. The Russell Group of 24 leading universities says its members aim to admit more students from disadvantaged backgrounds.(然后一场悄无声息的革命开始了。公立学校的学生进入牛津剑桥的人数每年都在上升，而私立学校的人数却在下降。由24所顶尖大学组成的罗素集团表示，其成员的目标是招收更多来自弱势背景的学生)”可知，悄无声息的革命是让更多贫困学生进入顶尖大学。故选A项。
9．
推理判断题。根据第三段中“One report in 2018 showed that eight schools, six of which were private, accounted for more Oxbridge places than 2,900 other secondary schools combined.(2018年的一份报告显示，八所学校（其中六所是私立学校）在牛津剑桥大学的入学人数超过了2900所其他中学的总和)”可推知，牛津和剑桥更青睐私立学校的毕业生。故选B项。
10．
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“All this has fueled a joint effort by schools and universities to make pupils consider the distinguished universities. For those state-school kids getting into top universities, extra help is needed. “You need to provide extra tutoring in the first year,” says Professor Smith from Oxford, who made efforts to admit state-school students before it became fashionable. (所有这些都促使学校和大学共同努力，让学生考虑名牌大学。对于那些要进入顶尖大学的公立学校的孩子来说，需要额外的帮助。在公立学校成为时尚之前就努力录取公立学校学生的牛津大学的史密斯教授说：“你需要在第一年提供额外的辅导。”)”可知，从史密斯教授的话中我们可以推断出公立学校学生，他们在第一学期需要额外的辅导。故选C项。
11．
词句猜测题。根据后文““If you bring in people with diverse experiences and ways of thinking, who challenge one another’s assumptions, it promotes intellectual creativity and academic success,” says Helen, the principal of Mansfield College, Oxford.(牛津大学曼斯菲尔德学院(Mansfield College, Oxford)校长海伦(Helen)说：“如果你引进具有不同经历和思维方式的人，他们会挑战彼此的假设，这将促进智力创造力和学术成就。”)”可知，此处是对前文的提出的观点“that letting in more state-school students means standards will slip.(让更多的公立学校学生入学意味着标准将下滑)”的反驳，可推测rebut是“反驳”之意，和D项词义相近。故选D项。
12．C
13．A
14．B
15．D
【导语】
本文是说明文。介绍了英国建造的气候控制房间，旨在测试今天建造的房屋如何应对气候变化可能带来的恶劣天气。
12．
细节理解题。根据第一段“In fact, it’s a giant climate- controlled room, designed to test how homes built today will cope with the wilder weather climate change could bring.(事实上，这是一个巨大的气候控制房间，旨在测试今天建造的房屋如何应对气候变化可能带来的恶劣天气)”以及第二段中“Inside the 16-million room, researchers can create any weather they want with the touch of a button, from —20°C cold to 40°C heatwaves, alongside strong winds, snow and ice.(在这个价值1600万英镑的房间里，研究人员只需按一下按钮，就可以创造出任何他们想要的天气，从零下20摄氏度的寒冷到40摄氏度的热浪，再加上强风、冰雪)”可知，建造这个耗资1600万英镑的房间的目的是为家庭找到应对气候变化的方法。故选C项。
13．
细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 2025, the Future Homes Standard(FHS) will require all new homes to be built without gas central heating and with other green measures. Homes built to the FHS must deliver a 75% to 80% reduction in carbon emissions compared with homes built today.(到2025年，未来住宅标准(FHS)将要求所有新建房屋不使用燃气集中供暖系统，并采用其他绿色措施。按照FHS标准建造的房屋必须比现在建造的房屋减少75%到80%的碳排放)”以及第四段开头“That is why Bellway, partnering with the project, has built the rooms from its Coppersmith range of homes inside the Energy House 2.0.(这就是为什么Bellway与该项目合作，在Energy House 2.0内建造了Coppersmith系列住宅的房间)”可知，Bellway与这个项目合作的原因是设计符合FHS标准的温室。故选A项。
14．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Energy House 2.0 will let researchers see how houses perform in the UK’s future climate. “We can cycle through the climate change predictions 50 years into the future and see if we have any problems says Fitton.(能源屋2.0将让研究人员看到房屋在英国未来气候中的表现。菲顿说:“我们可以在未来50年的气候变化预测中循环，看看我们是否有任何问题。”)”可推知，能源之家2.0的研究将发现房屋如何应对未来的气候变化。故选B项。
15．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“In fact, it’s a giant climate- controlled room, designed to test how homes built today will cope with the wilder weather climate change could bring.(事实上，这是一个巨大的气候控制房间，旨在测试今天建造的房屋如何应对气候变化可能带来的恶劣天气)”以及最后一段“Energy House 2.0 will let researchers see how houses perform in the UK’s future climate. “We can cycle through the climate change predictions 50 years into the future and see if we have any problems says Fitton.(能源屋2.0将让研究人员看到房屋在英国未来气候中的表现。菲顿说:“我们可以在未来50年的气候变化预测中循环，看看我们是否有任何问题。”)”可知，本文主要介绍了英国建造的气候控制房间，旨在测试今天建造的房屋如何应对气候变化可能带来的恶劣天气，所以D项“Research into Homes for Future Climate Change(未来气候变化的家园研究)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
2023届山东省济南市高三下学期二模英语试题
1．A
2．C
3．D
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了许多美国小镇都以美丽的风景而闻名，但很少有什么特别的东西可以提供。以下是他们独特的风格的介绍。
1．
细节理解题。根据Scottshoro, Alabama中“This attractive town is known as “The Lost Luggage Capital of the World” thanks to the unclaimed luggage center, where lost items such as snow skis, instruments and engagement rings are for sale.”（由于无人认领的行李中心，这个迷人的小镇被称为“世界遗失行李之都”，在那里出售丢失的物品，如滑雪板、乐器和订婚戒指。）可知，斯科茨伯勒被称为“世界遗失行李之都”是因为它出售无人认领的失物。故选A项。
2．
细节理解题。根据Branson, Missouri中“Now tourists also get to visit the World’s Largest Toy Museum, the world’s largest Titanic Museum Attraction and the record-breaking theme park, Silver Dollar City.”（现在，游客们还可以参观世界上最大的玩具博物馆、世界上最大的泰坦尼克号博物馆景点和破纪录的主题公园——银元城。）可知，游客在密苏里州的布兰森可以参观主题博物馆。故选C项。
3．
细节理解题。根据Leavenworth, Washington中“Leavenworth is a European-inspired destination, offering a collection of outdoor activities all year long.”（莱文沃思是一个欧洲风格的目的地，提供全年户外活动的集合。）可知，华盛顿的莱文沃斯可能对户外爱好者最有吸引力。故选D项。
4．B
5．B
6．A
7．B
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了自2018年以来，Nelly Cheboi和她的非营利组织TechLit Africa一直在将计算机技术带入肯尼亚的学校，这个非营利组织希望通过自己的软件程序、课程和教师培训项目来改变非洲。
4．
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Since 2018, Nelly Cheboi and her non-profit TechLit Africa have been bringing computer technology into schools in Kenya, helping students join the digital world, and unlock their potential. With its own software programs,curriculum (课程) and teacher training programs, this non-profit hopes to change Africa.(自2018年以来，Nelly Cheboi和她的非营利组织TechLit Africa一直在将计算机技术带入肯尼亚的学校，帮助学生加入数字世界，并释放他们的潜力。这个非营利组织希望通过自己的软件程序、课程和教师培训项目来改变非洲)”可知，Cheboi自2018年以来一直在推动数字教育。故选B。
5．
推理判断题。根据第二段中的““As an undergraduate, I invested all of my income from various campus jobs into my community back in Kenya,” she said on the TechLit Africa website. But soon she wanted to do more for it and that is how TechLit Africa began. (“作为一名大学生，我把在校园里各种工作的收入全部投入到肯尼亚的社区，”她在TechLit Africa网站上说。但很快，她想为它做更多的事情，这就是TechLit Africa的开始)”可推知，她想帮助家乡的愿望激发了Cheboi建立TechLit Africa。故选B。
6．
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But she found that it was going to be really hard to impact as many people as possible, because it was so hard to fund raise. Then in order to reach more students,she introduced computer training to existing schools. Cheboi physically dragged over 40 recycled computers that had been donated to them by various tech companies to Kenya in suitcases.(但她发现，要影响尽可能多的人真的很难，因为筹集资金太难了。然后，为了接触到更多的学生，她向现有的学校介绍了计算机培训。Cheboi把40多台回收的电脑装在行李箱里拖到了肯尼亚，这些电脑是各大科技公司捐赠给他们的)”可知，Cheboi希望帮助更多的孩子。故选A。
7．
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Since 2018, Nelly Cheboi and her non-profit TechLit Africa have been bringing computer technology into schools in Kenya, helping students join the digital world, and unlock their potential. With its own software programs,curriculum (课程) and teacher training programs, this non-profit hopes to change Africa.(自2018年以来，Nelly Cheboi和她的非营利组织TechLit Africa一直在将计算机技术带入肯尼亚的学校，帮助学生加入数字世界，并释放他们的潜力。这个非营利组织希望通过自己的软件程序、课程和教师培训项目来改变非洲)”可知，Cheboi自2018年以来一直在推动数字教育，希望通过自己的软件程序、课程和教师培训项目来改变非洲。由此推知，Cheboi是一个很有奉献精神的人。故选B。
8．C
9．D
10．A
11．B
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了普渡大学的一项发明，该发明可以节省数百万纳税人的钱，并大大减少交通延误。这项新发明是一种传感器，它可以让混凝土“说话”，减少施工时间和混凝土路面需要维修的频率，同时提高道路的可持续性，减少碳足迹。
8．
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The new invention, a sensor that allows concrete to“talk”, decreases construction time and how often concrete pavement (路面) needs repairs while also improving the road’s sustainability and cutting its carbon footprint.(这项新发明是一种传感器，它可以让混凝土“说话”，减少施工时间和混凝土路面需要维修的频率，同时提高道路的可持续性，减少碳足迹)”可知，这项新发明减少了道路维修。故选C。
9．
主旨大意题。根据第二段““Traffic jams caused by repairs have wasted 4 billion hours and 3 billion gallons of gas, on a yearly basis. This is mainly due to insufficient knowledge and understanding of concrete’s strength levels,” said Luna Lu, who has been leading development of the sensor since 2017. “For instance, we don’t know when concrete will reach the right strength needed to accommodate traffic loads just after construction. The concrete may be put into use too early, leading to frequent repairing,” she added.(“每年维修造成的交通堵塞浪费了40亿小时和30亿加仑的汽油。这主要是由于对混凝土强度水平的认识和理解不足，”自2017年以来一直领导该传感器开发的卢娜·卢说。“例如，我们不知道混凝土何时才能达到合适的强度，以适应施工后的交通负荷。混凝土可能过早投入使用，导致频繁维修，”她补充道)”结合第一段的“The new invention, a sensor that allows concrete to“talk”, decreases construction time and how often concrete pavement (路面) needs repairs while also improving the road’s sustainability and cutting its carbon footprint.(这项新发明是一种传感器，它可以让混凝土“说话”，减少施工时间和混凝土路面需要维修的频率，同时提高道路的可持续性，减少碳足迹)”可知，第二段主要论述了发明传感器的必要性。故选D。
10．
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“via a smartphone app exactly when the pavement is strong enough to handle heavy traffic.(通过一款智能手机应用程序，准确判断路面是否足够坚固，可以应对繁忙的交通)”可知，此处指传感器通过一款智能手机应用程序告知工程师相关信息。由此可知，划线词notifies与signals(告知)意思接近。故选A。
11．
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Even though these tests are well understood by the industry, differences between lab and outdoor conditions can lead to inaccurate estimates of the concrete’s strength due to the different concrete compositions and temperatures of the surrounding area.(尽管这些测试被业界很好地理解，但由于混凝土成分和周围地区温度的不同，实验室和室外条件之间的差异可能导致对混凝土强度的不准确估计)”可推知，以前试验的问题是结果不可靠。故选B。
12．C
13．D
14．A
15．C
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蒙特利尔大学和蒙特利尔美术博物馆发表在《医学前沿》上的一项研究发现，定期虚拟参观博物馆可以帮助老年人保持精神活跃，并带来许多额外的健康益处。
12．
细节理解题。根据第一段“A study from the University of Montreal and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, published in Frontiers in Medicine, found that regular virtual visits to museums could help seniors stay mentally active and come with a host of additional health benefits. That’s because these digital connections can make retirees feel less lonely and isolated(孤立的).”（蒙特利尔大学和蒙特利尔美术博物馆发表在《医学前沿》上的一项研究发现，定期虚拟参观博物馆可以帮助老年人保持精神活跃，并带来许多额外的健康益处。这是因为这些数字联系可以让退休人员感到不那么孤独和孤立。）可知，老年人从定期虚拟参观博物馆中提高了生活质量。故选C项。
13．
推理判断题。根据第三段中““Our study showed that art-based activities may be an effective intervention,” lead author Dr. Olivier Beauchet, a professor at the University of Montreal, said in the press release. “On a global scale, this participatory art-based activity could become a model that could be offered in museums and arts institutions worldwide to promote active and healthy aging.””（“我们的研究表明，以艺术为基础的活动可能是一种有效的干预，”蒙特利尔大学教授、该研究的主要作者奥利维尔·博切特博士在新闻发布会上说。“在全球范围内，这种参与性的艺术活动可以成为一种模式，可以在世界各地的博物馆和艺术机构中提供，以促进积极和健康的老龄化。”）可知，从第三段博切特的话中可以推断出老年人应该参加更多的艺术活动。故选D项。
14．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The initiative reflects approaches recommended by the World Health Organization to manage certain diseases, according to Beauchet. For instance, the WHO launched the Aging and Health Program in 2015 that included using community-based organizations to promote culture as a key component of improving health.”（博切特说，这一倡议反映了世界卫生组织推荐的管理某些疾病的方法。例如，世卫组织于2015年启动了老龄化与健康规划，其中包括利用社区组织促进文化，将其作为改善健康的关键组成部分。）可推知，最后一段的目的是为了提倡和号召老龄化与健康规划。故选A项。
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主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“A study from the University of Montreal and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, published in Frontiers in Medicine, found that regular virtual visits to museums could help seniors stay mentally active and come with a host of additional health benefits. That’s because these digital connections can make retirees feel less lonely and isolated(孤立的).”（蒙特利尔大学和蒙特利尔美术博物馆发表在《医学前沿》上的一项研究发现，定期虚拟参观博物馆可以帮助老年人保持精神活跃，并带来许多额外的健康益处。这是因为这些数字联系可以让退休人员感到不那么孤独和孤立。）可知，文章主要讲的是定期虚拟参观博物馆可以帮助老年人保持精神活跃，并带来许多额外的健康益处。故文章合适的标题是“网上博物馆之旅改善老年人的健康”。故选C项。