2015《三维设计》高考英语（江苏专用）大一轮复习配套讲义：必修四 Unit 1 Advertising（单词集释+短语集释+句型集释）

必修四Unit 1　Advertising
　第一层级——背词汇、学写句，让作文有话可说
一、背词汇
[常用词汇]
(1)conflict n．　　　　　 冲突
(2)winner n. 赢家
(3)loser n. 失败者
(4)fault n. 过错
(5)match n. 比赛
(6)doubt n. 怀疑
(7)confidence n. 信心
(8)defeat v．　　　　　 战胜
(9)impress v. 给人留下印象
(10)bump v. 猛碰；撞
(11)compete v. 竞争
(12)injure v. 受伤
(13)throw v. 投，掷
(14)score v. 得分
(15)host v. 主持
(16)delighted adj. 高兴的
[亮点词汇]
(1)advocate v．　　　　　　 提倡
(2)applaud v. 鼓掌，赞赏
(3)essential adj. 必要的
(4)significant adj. 有意义的
(5)equal adj. 能胜任的；平等的
(6)be to blame for 应该为某事负责任
(7)have a talent for 有……天赋
(8)build up one's body/strength 强身健体
二、学写句(按要求完成句子并背诵)
苏华与李江在抢球时相互发生了碰撞。 李江同样应该为这次争吵负有责任。
Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other while they were trying to catch the ball. 使用状语从句的省略形式 　Li Jiang was also responsible for the quarrel.
Su Hua and Li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Jiang bumped into each other while trying to catch the ball. 　Li Jiang was also to_blame_for the quarrel.
　
(Ⅰ)单词拼写
1．Henry believes that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) one's personality is determined (决定) by genetics.
2．Editorial comment ( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )评论) in The Guardian tends to support the government in this matter.
3．The purchas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e (采购) of books for the university library is the responsibility of Monica Turnbull.
4．They want to desi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gn (设计) a machine that is both attractive and practical.
5．Kelvin may not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )know anything about computer programming, but he has the intelligence (才智) to learn how to do it.
6．The agents urge ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d (竭力主张) them to sell their house while the market was good.
7．I recommend (建议) get ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ting to the theater an hour early to be sure you get tickets.
8．You're allo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wed to go to the football game tonight, but I expect you to keep your side of the bargain (协议) and clean your room.
9．Terry fire ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d six shots at the target, but his aim (目标) was terrible, and he missed all of them.
10．I don't remember ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that part of the meeting; I'll have to consult (查阅) my notes.
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空
1．They put an adver ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tisement (advertise) in The Morning News, offering a high salary for the right person.
2．In his analysis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (analyse) of the novel Job discusses various aspects of the author's own life.
3．The little girl wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s bitten in the leg by a poisonous (poison) snake.
4．I am pleased (pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ease) to inform you that the book you ordered has arrived.
5．Mr. Graham was am ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )azed (amaze) to find 32 ancient gold coins inside the pot.
6．The air was so cold that we could hardly breathe (breath)．
(Ⅲ)语境填词
1．He tried to p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ersuade her but failed. It appeared that what he said wasn't persuasive at all.(persuade)
2．This program is b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eneficial to the children who couldn't go to school due to their poverty, and the children can benefit from it. All in all, it is intended for the benefit of those poor children.(benefit)
3．We launched a big a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dvertising campaign to promote our new toothpaste, and the promotion succeeded at last. In return for our effort, all the staff in our department were promoted.(promote)
1．I made up a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )story to explain why I had not been at work and he fell_for (上……的当) it.
2．He's not very good at getting his ideas across (把……表达清楚)．
3．This film doesn't appeal_to (吸引) the students at all.
4．The poor old man was_fooled_into (被欺骗) buying that second hand car.
5．When you start a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )successful ad campaign, you must keep a clear goal and target audience in_mind (牢记)．
6．We figured_out (想出) a way to save money on travel costs.
7．Even_if (即使) the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )punishment was unjust, he would accept it without saying anything, because he knew it was the rule of the company.
8．He always plays_tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icks_on (捉弄) others; no wonder nobody would like to sit beside him.
9．This point has been dealt_with (涉及) in the preceding paragraph.
10．This billboard is_meant_to (旨在) tell people to drive slowly ahead.
【短语归纳】
1．fool sb. into doing sth.　　　 欺骗某人做某事
2．keep ...in mind 牢记
3．figure out 想出；计算出
4．appeal to 吸引；呼吁
5．get across 把……表达清楚
6．fall for 上……当，受……骗
7．even if/though 虽然，即使
8．play tricks on 欺骗，愚弄
9．be meant to 旨在，打算
10．be concerned with 与……有关
11．deal with 涉及，处理，应付
12．die from 死于……
1．Even if an ad does n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot lie, it does not mean it is altogether innocent.
即使一则广告没有撒谎，也并不意味着这则广告就是完全清白的。
[解读]　even if用来引导让步状语从句。
[仿写]　尽管她有时可能很烦人，我还是喜欢她。
I like her, even_if/though she can be annoying at times.
2．According to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) publisher, readers do seem to be interested in this new novel.
根据出版商的说法，读者的确好像是对这本新小说很感兴趣。
[解读]　do/does/did用于动词原形之前，起强调作用。
[仿写]　叙利亚的确实施了化学武器袭击。
Syria did_carry_out a chemical attack.
3．When it comes to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )advertisements, we must all use our intelligence and not be a slave to them!
谈及广告，我们都必须运用自己的智慧，而不要做广告的奴隶！
[解读]　when it comes to ...“当谈及……的时候”。
[仿写]　说到房价，我们都感到很无奈。
When_it_comes_to house prices, we all feel hopeless.
一、常考词汇细点拨
1．persuade vt.说服，劝说；使信服
[高考佳句]　Not having pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rsuaded my parents. I failed to go to a drama school, where my interest lay.(2013·湖北高考)
由于没有说服我父母，我没能上戏剧学校，而那才是我的兴趣所在。
persuade sb. to do sth./into doing sth.
说服某人做某事
persuade sb. not to do sth./out of doing sth.
说服某人不要做某事
persuade sb. of sth./persuade sb. that ...
使某人确信……
①In the US, Gates ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and Buffett are working to persuade fellow billionaires to give at least half their wealth to charity.
在美国，盖茨和巴菲特致力于劝说那些亿万富翁朋友们至少捐出一半的财产给慈善机构。
②We have done our ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )best to persuade_him_out_of making a silly decision.
我们已经竭尽全力来说服他不要作出愚蠢的决定。
[名师指津]　persuade sb. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to do sth.表示“说服某人做某事”；若表示“试图说服某人做某事而未涉及结果”，则用try to persuade sb. to do sth.或advise sb. to do sth.
③She tried to persuade her brother to give up smoking, but failed.
她试图劝说她弟弟戒烟，但是没有成功。
[链接高考]
(2012·新课标全国卷)I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f she doesn't want to go, nothing you can say will ________ her.
A．persuade　　　　　　 B．promise
C．invite D．support
解析：选A　句意：如果她不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )想去，你说什么也无法说服她。persuade“说服”；promise“许诺”；invite“邀请”；support“支持”。结合句意选A。
2．cure vt.治愈；解决；矫正n.[C]药物，疗法；对策
[教材原句]　This statement ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) tries to fool you into assuming that the toothpaste cures bad breath, yet it does not say that!
这一叙述想要欺骗你使你认为这种牙膏能治愈口臭，可广告上其实并没有这么说！
(1)cure sb.of ＋疾病名称　治愈某人的疾病
cure sb.of ＋不良行为 矫正某人的不良行为
(2)a cure for sth. 治疗……的方法
①The fresh air and exercise cured him of his sleeplessness.
新鲜空气和锻炼治好了他的失眠。
②The shock of losing m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y purse cured_me_of my former absent mindedness.
丢钱包给我的打击使我把以前心不在焉的毛病改掉了。
[辨析比较]　cure, treat
试一试　选择以上单词填空
③The doctor treated he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r headache with an expensive medicine, but did not cure her of the disease.
辨一辨
cure 强调结果，意为“治疗，治愈”，常与of连用
treat 表示治疗过程，不表示结果
3.aim vt.& vi.以……为目标；瞄准，对准；旨在n．目标，目的；瞄准
[教材原句]　PSAs aim to teach us and help us lead better lives.
公益广告旨在教育我们，并帮助我们过更好的生活。
(1)aim (sth.) at ...　　　　 (把……)瞄准/对准……
aim to do .../at doing ... 目的在于，想要做，旨在
be aimed at 目的是，旨在，针对
(2)take aim at 把目标对准，瞄准
achieve one's aim 实现某人的目标，达到某人的目的
①The hunter aimed his gun at the bear and then fired.
猎人用枪瞄准了那只熊，然后开火了。
②These measures are_aimed_at preventing violent crime.
这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。
③They aimed at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) reducing unemployment by 50%, and they achieved their aim.
他们力求使失业人数减少50%，并且实现了他们的目标。
4．benefit vt. & vi.使受益；得益于 n．益处；救济金；奖金
[教材原句]　All of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ese ads are meant to benefit the public, and you can often learn a lot by following the advice they give.
所有这些广告旨在使公众受益，遵循它们提供的建议，你往往就能学到很多东西。
(1)benefit from　　　　　　　　 从……中获益
(2)be of benefit to ... 对……有益
for one's benefit/for the benefit of sb.
为了帮助某人；为了某人的利益
(3)beneficial adj. 有益的
be beneficial to 对……有益
①Big Brothers Big Sis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah.(2012·江西高考阅读C)
Big Brothers Big Sisters给艾米莉和莎拉带来很大益处和快乐。
②One is testing wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h real patients so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit_from.
一个是在真正的病人身上试验，以便证明这项技术对他们有用。
③However, forgive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. (2013·辽宁高考任务型阅读)
然而，宽恕是可能的，它会给你的身心健康带来意想不到的益处。
[链接高考]
(2012·福建高考)China ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________ all its citizens.
A．in charge of B．for the purpose of
C．in honor of D．for the benefit of
解析：选D　句意：为了所有市民的利益， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中国一直在推进公立医院的改革。in charge of“主管；负责；照料”；for the purpose of“为了；因……起见”；in honor of“为了向……表示敬意”；for the benefit of“为了……的利益”。
5．promote vt.推广；宣传，促销；促进，提升，推动
[高考佳句]　I wanted t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word.(2013·浙江高考阅读D)
我想让文学充满活力，促进人们对文学的热爱。
(1)promote economic growth/understanding
　　　　　　 促进经济增长/了解
promote sb. from ... to ...
把某人从……提升或晋升到……
be/get promoted to/to be/as
被提升为……
(2)promotion n. 促进，提升
①The government is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) trying to do something to promote better understanding between the two countries.
政府正在努力采取措施促进两国间更进一步的了解。
②She worked hard and was/got_promoted_to senior group manager soon.
她工作勤奋，不久就被提升为高级团体经理。
6．recommend vt. 推荐；建议，劝告；介绍
[教材原句]　Yesterday I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )came across an interesting new book, which I would like to recommend here.
昨天我无意中看到一本有趣的新书，在此我很愿意推荐给大家。
(1)recommend sth.for　　　　 推荐某物作某种用途
recommend sb.as ... 推荐某人作为……
recommend sth.to sb.＝ recommend sb.sth.
向某人推荐某物
(2)recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
recommend sb.to do sth. 建议某人做某事
recommend that ... 建议……
①I would rec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ommend an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign cultures and gain meaningful friendships.(2013·浙江高考完形)
我想向任何想体验外国文化和获得友谊的人推荐一个交流学习项目。
②I recommend you to_make_full_use_of the interview.
我建议你要充分利用这次面试机会。
[名师指津]　recommend(建议)后跟宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
③The doctor recommended that he (should)_take_a_long_holiday.
医生建议他休长假。
[链接高考]
(2013·浙江高考)Eye do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ctors recommend that a child's first eye exam ________ at the age of six months old.
A．was B．be
C．were D．is
解析：选B　此处考查的是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )recommend后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，根据语法规则可知，从句中谓语应用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略，故选B。
7．determine vt.确定，查明；决定；裁决
[教材原句]　In order t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o determine your audience, you will need to do a little research and analysis in advance.
为了确定你的目标受众，你需要事先做一点调研和分析。
①Just as the sta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te of water is determined by the temperature, the state of one person's life is determined by temperature of his heart.
水的状态是由温度决定的，人生的状态是由自己心灵的温度决定的。
(1)determine to do sth.　 决定做某事(瞬间动词，表示动作)
determine sb. to do sth. 使某人决定做某事
(2)determined adj. 有决心的，决意的，坚定的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(系表结构，表示状态)
(3)determination n. 决心；果断；坚定
②Now that I have_determined_to_resign,_nothing can change it.
既然我已经决定要辞职，什么也不会改变这一决定。
③Jason was determ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ined not to go against their father's wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother.(2012·江西高考阅读A)
贾森决心不违背父亲的愿望而马克比他的弟弟更富有冒险精神。
[名师指津]　高考中常把d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etermined to do作状语作为考查点，有类似用法的还有lost in, caught in, absorbed in等。
④Determined_to_visit the science museum, she set off at once.
决心参观科学博物馆，她立刻出发了。
8．appeal vi.有吸引力；呼吁，恳请n.吸引力；呼吁，恳求
[教材原句]　It is im ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )portant to always try to appeal to the audience in order to get them to react in a certain way.
为了让受众作出预期的反应，始终努力去吸引他们是非常重要的。
(1)appeal to　　　　　　　 呼吁；上诉；恳求；对……有吸引力，使……感兴趣
appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳求……做某事
appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事而向某人呼吁
(2)appealing adj. 吸引人的；引起兴趣的
①It operates in a stat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e of the art research environment and facilities which appeal to domestic and overseas scholars for visit or study.
良好的科研环境及硬件设备吸引了大量的国内外优秀学者前来访问或学习。
②The government ap ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pealed to the public to stay calm about the present situation.
政府呼吁民众对当前的形势要保持冷静。
③Seriously i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )njured, the driver whose car had crashed had to appeal_to the passers by for aid.
因为受了重伤，撞车的司机只得恳求路人给予帮助。
[一言串记]　Marti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Luther King appealed to the blacks to appeal to the highest court against racial discrimination，which greatly appealed to the whole world.
马丁·路德·金呼吁黑人向最高法庭上诉反对种族歧视，这引起了全世界极大的关注。
[熟词生义]　猜测句中appeal的含义
④She appealed to the high court against her sentence.
A．呼吁　　　　　B．上诉　　　　　C．迎合
答案：B
9．urge vt.敦促，力劝；竭力主张n.强烈的欲望，冲动
[教材原句]　If we can c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onvince young people not to start, they might then urge their parents and other people to give up smoking, too.
如果我们能够说服年轻人不要开始吸烟，他们也有可能敦促他们的父母和其他人戒烟。
(1)urge sb. to do sth.　 敦促/力劝某人做某事
urge sth. on/upon sb. 向某人大力推荐某物；竭力主张
urge that ... 主张……
(2)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事
①The teacher urged the importance of the examination on her students.
那位老师向她的学生们强调这次考试的重要性。
②We all have the ur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ge to possess something that has aesthetic (美学的) value, and that is why we treasure paintings or fine furniture.(2013·陕西高考任务型阅读)
我们大家都迫切想拥有具有美学价值的东西，那就是我们珍视名画和精品家具的原因。
[名师指津]　urge后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
③She urged that I_(should)_go to see him immediately.
＝She urged me to go to see him immediately.
她强烈主张我立即去看他。
二、间考词汇自识记
1．trick n．骗局；玩笑，恶作剧；戏法，把戏；诀窍vt.欺骗，欺诈
①trick sb. into doing sth.　　 诱骗某人做某事
②trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物
He tricked her into marrying him by pretending that he was rich.
他装作很有钱的样子，从而骗得她跟他结了婚。
2．consult vt.咨询；请教；商量
①consult sb. about sth. 向某人咨询有关某事
②consult with sb. 与某人协商/磋商
After consulting wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h my family, I planned to go on a trip to Hainan Island.
在和家人商量之后，我计划到海南岛旅行。
3．design vt. & n．设计；计划；构思
①by design ＝ on purpose 有意，故意
②be designed for 为……设计/计划
③be designed to do sth. 计划做某事
The method is specifically designed for use in small groups.
这方法是专为小组活动设计的。
[单词对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·苏州新区一中模拟)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e soldier raised his gun and calmly ________ it at the enemy commander, fired.
A．to aim　　　　　　　　　　 B．aimed
C．aiming D．aim
解析：选C　句意：这个士兵举起了枪，镇静地瞄 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )准了敌兵指挥官开火了。raised与fired作并列谓语，the soldier与aim为主动关系，因此用现在分词短语作状语。
2．(2014·南通模拟)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e World Cup makes a lot of people crazy for it, but, to be honest, it doesn't ________ me very much.
A．appeal to B．belong to
C．refer to D．occur to
解析：选A　句意：世界杯使很多人疯 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )狂，但老实说，它并不十分吸引我。appeal to“有吸引力”；belong to“属于”；refer to“提到，涉及”；occur to“被想到，出现在头脑中”。
3．(2014·合肥四校联考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))According to a survey in 2012, over 30 percent of the population of the city ________ into shopping in the mall.
A．persuaded B．were persuaded
C．have persuaded D．was persuaded
解析：选B　句意：2012年的一项调查显示， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在这个城市超过百分之三十的人口已经被成功劝服，到商场里购物了。名词被分数、百分数修饰时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，population在这里指在这个城市中的人，是集合名词，是复数概念，故谓语动词应用复数形式；又因此处表示“被劝服”，所以应用被动语态；由“in 2012”可知应用一般过去时，故选B。
4．(2014·盐城高三模拟)The ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w Law of Labour will ________ more people and especially the workers will ________ it.
A．benefit; benefit from B．benefit; benefit
C．benefit from; benefit from D．benefit from; benefit
解析：选A　句意：新劳动法将使更多人受益，尤 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )其是工人将从中得到实惠。benefit用作及物动词时，意为“使受益”；benefit from“从……中受益”。
5．(2014·淮安高三检测) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The medicine eased his pain but did not ________ his illness.
A．treat B．cure
C．stop D．prevent
解析：选B　句意：这种药物缓解了他的疼痛，但 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是并没有治愈他的病。treat“治疗”，强调过程；cure“治愈”，强调结果；stop“阻止，停止”；prevent“阻止”。
6．(2014·泉州模拟) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The government urged that every effort ________ to bring down food prices.
A．is made B．will be made
C．be made D．must be made
解析：选C　句意：政府强烈 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要求做一切努力来降低食品价格。urge意为“强烈要求，极力主张”，后跟that引导的宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，故选C。
Ⅱ.多维演练
题组1　promote万花筒
1．写出下列句中promote的含义
①Because of his ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cellent work, he was soon promoted to be sales manager.提升
②The company is prom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oting its new products in some of the major shopping malls at home.促销
③He toured the country promoting the new farming technology.推广
④The introduction ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of the new technology has greatly promoted the development of the local economy.推动
⑤It is wrong to s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )acrifice the environment to promote the economic growth.促进
2．(2014·湖北黄冈部分 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中学高三调研)China will be a more responsible nation that ________ peace and stability by strengthening cooperation and bringing benefits to its neighbors and other nations.
A．promotes B．develops
C．keeps D．protects
解析：选A　句意：中国通过与邻邦 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )及其他国家互利合作的方式促进和平与稳定，它将会是一个更负责的国家。promote“促进”，符合句意。develop“发展，开发”；keep“保持，保留”；protect“保护”。
题组2　recommend点点练
1．一句多译
我建议你在做出任何决定前都仔细考虑。
①I_recommend_(your)_thinking_carefully_before_you_make_any_decision.
②I_recommend_you_to_think_carefully_before_you_make_any_decision.
③I_recommend_that_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you_should_think_carefully_before_you_make_any_decision.
2．(2014·南京第十三中学模拟) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The school recommends parents ________ their children to swim in rivers or lakes during summer holidays.
A．not permit B．do not permit
C．mustn't permit D．couldn't permit
解析：选A　recommend在此意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
题组3　determine面面观
1．用determine的适当形式填空
①We are determined to get the work done before Friday.
②He has overcome his difficulties with courage and determination.
2．(2014·衡阳八中模拟)Ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ving been laughed at, the young man left his hometown, ________ never to return without making his mark.
A．to be determined B．determined
C．being determined D．to determine
解析：选B　句意：被嘲笑之后，那个年轻人离开了家乡，决心搞不出点名堂绝不回来。determined为形容词短语作状语。
1．be meant to do sth.旨在，目的是；应该做某事
[教材原句]　PSAs are of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ten run for free, and are meant to educate people about health, safety, or any other problem that affects public welfare.
公益广告往往是免费投放的，旨在就健康、安全或其他影响公共福利的问题教育公众。
mean to do sth.　　　 打算/意欲做某事(主语是人)
mean doing sth. 意味着……
sth. be meant for ... 打算将某物给予……；某物意欲给……
had meant to do sth. 本打算做某事(实际未做)
mean sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
①Freedom obviousl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y does not mean doing what one likes and it is equally obvious that one can never do what one likes.
很明显，自由不意味着做一个人喜欢的事情，同样明显的是，一个人绝不能完全做自己喜欢的事情。
②These rooms are_meant_for the children's centre.
这些房间是打算用作儿童活动中心的。
③I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment.
我本想去帮你的，但当时我确实太忙了。
2．deal with涉及，关于；对待(人)；处理，应付；与……打交道，做生意
[高考佳句]　But t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hose who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test.(2013·北京高考阅读D)
但是那些经常同时处理许多件事的人被发现在实际的多重任务处理测试中表现最差。
[一词多义]　写出下列句中deal with的含义
①It is import ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ant to learn to use the related trade rules while dealing with foreign companies.与……打交道，做生意
②If you deal wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h those children equally, you will earn their respect soon.对待
③His latest book deals with children's safety at school.涉及，关于
④The lifeguards a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re being trained to deal with any possible emergency in real life.处理
make a deal　　　　　 成交；达成协议/交易
It's a deal. 一言为定。
It is not a big deal. 没什么大不了的/不是什么大事。
⑤To be honest, if ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you insist on the price, we won't be able to make a deal.
老实说，你如果坚持自己的价格，我们是不可能成交的。
[辨析比较]　deal with, do with
试一试　选择以上短语填空
⑥Who can tell me how to deal_with family relationship
⑦The motorbike won't start, but I don't know what to do_with it.
辨一辨
deal with 意为“处理；对待”时，常与疑问词how连用。此外，deal with还有“与……打交道，论述”之意
do with 意为“处理；处置；对待”时，常与疑问词what连用
3．get sth. across (to sb.)将(想法、信息等)传达(给某人)；使理解；把……表达清楚
[教材原句]　There are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lots of different ways to get your message across when you are putting together an ad campaign.
当你组织一场广告宣传活动时，有许多不同的方式可用来传递讯息。
①He has created a s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pecial way to get his message across while using as few words as possible.
他已经想出了一个特殊的言简意赅的表达自己思想的方法。
get about/around　　　 四处走动；传播开来
get away from 逃离，摆脱，避免
get away with 侥幸成功；(做坏事)不受到惩罚
get along/on with 进展，相处
get down to 开始认真做，开始认真处理
get rid of 摆脱，除掉
get hold of 得到，抓住
get through 通过(考试)；完成(工作或任务)；打通电话；度过
②If this news ge ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts_about/around,_we'll have reporters calling us all day.
如果这个消息传出去，我们将面临记者整天给我们打电话。
③I'm going to get down to studying English this term.
这学期我要认真学习英语了。
④He said that we should get_through the hard times together.
他说我们应该一起度过这段困难时期。
[短语对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.介、副词填空
1．I tried to get through to the complaints department, but failed.
2．The chairs are clearly meant for the disabled.
3．In a severe winter, wild animals can die from lack of food.
4．The teache ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r tried to explain the problem, but his explanation did not get across to the class.
5．Don't fall for the sweet words of the door to door businessmen.
6．I was trying to figure out what had happened.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·无锡高三调研)Despi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te the fact that his words often fail to ________ when he sings, Jay Zhou has a very large number of admirers in the mainland.
A．get through B．get out
C．get across D．get over
解析：选C　get throug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h“通过，穿过，完成，接通(电话)”；get out“泄漏，逃脱，离去”；get across“为人理解，使理解，(使)越过”；get over“克服，熬过，摆脱”。根据语境可知应选C。
2．(2014·宿迁高三一模)— ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Have you any concrete thoughts on how to ________ this difficulty
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A．turn to B．look for
C．deal with D．talk about
解析：选C　问句句意：处 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )理这种困难你有什么具体的想法吗？turn to“转向；翻到；向……求助”；look for“寻找”；deal with“处理，对付”；talk about“谈论”。
3．(2014·嘉兴模拟)—I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) apologize for being so angry with you. I ________ to be so rude.
—It doesn't matter.
A．don't mean B．never mean
C．didn't mean D．had meant
解析：选C　mean to d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o sth.“打算做某事”。根据句中的I apologize可知“打算”是过去的动作，故用一般过去时。had meant to do sth.表示“本打算做(而实际上没做)”，与题意不符。
1．Even_if an ad d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oes not lie, it does not mean it is altogether innocent.
即使一则广告没有撒谎，也并不意味着这则广告就是完全清白的。
even if意为“尽管，即使”，用来引导让步状语从句，even if可用even though替换。
①Even if you did som ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ething wrong this time, I still counted you as my friend.
尽管这次你做错了，但是我仍然把你当做我的朋友。
②Do not eat at f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ast food restaurants, even if you choose what you think is healthy.
不要在快餐店用餐，即使你选择你认为是健康的食物。
[名师指津]　如果整个句子意指将来，even if从句中的谓语动词须用一般现在时代替将来时。
[链接高考]
(2013·四川高考)He is so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son ________ he wants to.
A．even if B．as if
C．because D．before
解析：选A　句意：他很忙。即使他想陪他的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )儿子也没有足够的时间。even if引导让步状语从句，符合句意。as if引导方式状语从句；because引导原因状语从句；before引导时间状语从句。
2．According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the publisher, readers do seem to be interested in this new novel.
根据出版商的说法，读者的确好像是对这本新小说很感兴趣。
do“的确，确实”，用在谓语动词之前，起强调作用。该用法的特点：
①People do believe that she is honest.
大家确实相信她是诚实的。
②He did_go abroad, which was unexpected.
他的确出国了，这让大家感到很意外。
[名师指津]　在肯定句的祈使句中，句首的do 用来加强语气，可译成“务必，一定要，千万”。
③Do wait for me until I'm back.
一定要等我回来。
[句型对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.句型转换(每空一词)
1．I hardly know what I should say before you.
→I hardly know what to say before you.
2．He goes to the library every day.(强调谓语动词)
→He does go to the library every day.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．________ we saw her pick up the money, we still can't be sure she stole it.
A．Even if B．As if
C．Now that D．Only if
解析：选A　句意：就算我们看见是她拾起了钱，我们也不能肯定钱就是她偷的。根据句意可知选even if“即使”。
2．(2014·徐州第三中学高三模拟)A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lthough my sweater is a bit expensive, it ________ well.
A．does wash B．did wash
C．is washed D．can be washed
解析：选A　句意：尽管我的毛衣有点儿贵 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，但它的确很好洗。wash与well连用，常用主动形式表示被动含义，故排除C、D两项；由语境可知此处应用一般现在时，故选A。
直接引语和间接引语
将下列句子变为间接引语
1．“You should be more careful next time，” his father said to him.
His_father_told_him_that_he_should_be_more_careful_the_next_time.
2．Mr Wang said, “I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children.”
Mr_Wang_told_the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_children_that_he_would_leave_for_Shanghai_on_business_the_next_month.
3．“I haven't heard from my parents these days，” said Mary.
Mary_said_that_she_hadn't_heard_from_her_parents_those_days.
4．The geograp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hy teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth.”
The_geography_teacher_told_us_that_the_moon_moves_around_the_earth.
5．Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”
Zhang_Hong_told_me_that_Doctor_Wang_passed_away_in_1948.
6．“Have you anything interesting I can read, George？” she asked.
She_asked_George_if_he_had_anything_interesting_she_could_read.
A卷
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·江苏潼阳中学检测) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )A good speaker is supposed to manage to ________ the listeners what he means.
A．make sense to　　　　　　　 B．appeal to
C．attach to D．get across to
解析：选D　句意：一个好的演 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )讲者应该设法让听众明白他的意思。make sense的主语往往是something，意为“有意义，有道理，进得通”；appeal to相当于attract“吸引”；attach to “把……附在/系在……上”；get across to“被传达，被理解”。
2．(2014·合肥八中模拟)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )basic strategy to change bad behavior is to guide right ________ of teenagers by using some right public opinions, good models and perfect personalities.
A．remarks B．comments
C．values D．costs
解析：选C　句意：改变不良行为的基本策略是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )通过一些正确的舆论导向、榜样示范和完美人格对青少年进行正确的价值观指导。remark“谈论”；comment“评论”；values“价值观”；cost“成本”。
3．(2014·阜阳三中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )模拟)China has increased supply of low rent apartments recently, ________ to help low income families have places to live in.
A．to aim B．aiming
C．having aimed D．aims
解析：选B　句意：中国近来增加了廉租房的供给，旨在帮助低收入家庭有住的地方。China与aim之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
4．(2014·芜湖模拟)________every day, the information on the Internet is always new and up to date.
A．Updated B．Updating
C．To update D．Having updated
解析：选A　句意：因为每天都更 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )新，所以互联网上的信息总是最新的。句中主语the information与update之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式作原因状语。
5．(2014·湖北荆州高三质检)Thr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ough the years, VOA Special English has become a very popular tool for teaching English, even though it was not ________ as a teaching program.
A．attached B．designed
C．performed D．appealed
解析：选B　句意：这些年美国之音 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )慢速英语已成为英语教学的一种很受欢迎的工具，即使它并不是作为教学课程而设计的。attach“把……固定，把……附(在……上)”；design“设计”；perform“表演”；appeal“恳求，呼吁”。根据句意和固定搭配be designed as ...可知应选B。
6．(2014·盐城高三模 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )拟)Ad makers choose words and brand names very carefully in order to make a creative image of the product they are ________.
A．processing B．producing
C．providing D．promoting
解析：选D　句意：广告制造者十分小心 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )地选择词汇与商标的名字是为了给他们所推广的产品制造一个具有创造性的形象。process“处理”；produce“生产”；provide“提供”；promote“促销，推广”。
7．(2014·南京第五十五 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中学检测)I have tried everything I can ________ him to stay, but he didn't listen to me.
A．persuade B．persuading
C．to be persuaded D．to persuade
解析：选D　句意：我已经尽了最大的努力说服 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他留下来，但是他不听我的话。(that) I can (try)是定语从句，修饰先行词everything。此处的to persuade him to stay是不定式短语作目的状语。
8．(2014·安庆一中模拟 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))I strongly recommend that the information ________ in my report ________ to Professor Keller without delay.
A．to be referred to; to be e mailed
B．referring to; e mail
C．referred to; be e mailed
D．being referred to; being e mailed
解析：选C　根据句意“刚才我报 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )告中提到的信息”，故第一个空用过去分词作定语；第二个空是从句的谓语，因主句谓语是recommend，其后接宾语从句时，从句用“(should＋)动词原形”。
9．(2014·江苏新沂二中质量检测 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))—You should have told her about the meaning of the gesture.
—I meant ________， but I had some unexpected guests.
A．to do B．to have
C．doing D．doing so
解析：选B　句意：“你本应该告诉她 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这个手势的意义的。”“我本打算告诉她的，但来了几位不速之客。”meant to have done表示“过去本打算做，但是没有做”。
10．(2014·苏南五校联考)—Have you heard that George quit his job
—Yeah, but I can't ________ why he did so.
A．put out B．figure out
C．carry out D．send out
解析：选B　句意：“你听说乔治辞去工作了吗 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )？”“是的，但是我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。”put out“伸出，扑灭”；figure out“弄明白”；carry out“贯彻，执行”；send out“发出，派遣”。
11．(2014·淮南市模拟)Mi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke, you know, ________ that sounds like a good idea, you shouldn't overdo it at the beginning.
A．even though B．now that
C．even so D．only if
解析：选A　句意：迈克，你知道，尽管这 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )听起来是个好主意，你也不应该在开始的时候就太劳累了。根据句子的逻辑关系可知应选A，意思是“即使，虽然”。now that“既然”；even so“尽管如此”；only if“只有”。
12．(2014·黄山模拟)—How do you feel about the story we've just read
—________， it's not to my taste.
A．Generally B．Really
C．Secretly D．Personally
解析：选D　句意：“你觉得我们刚 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )才看的故事怎么样？”“在我看来，不合我的口味。”personally“就本人而言”，符合句意。generally“一般地”；really“真正地”；secretly“秘密地”。
13．(2014·南通模拟)He i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s used to ________ the matters that I don't know ________.
A．dealing with; what to do with them
B．do with; how to deal with them
C．do with; what to do with
D．dealing with; what to do with
解析：选D　be used ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to doing sth.“习惯做某事”，故排除B、C两项；再分析句子结构可知，that I don't know ________是定语从句，A项中的them多余，故选D。
14．(2014·淮安高三检测)The __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ young man left the company, ________ never to come back.
A．determined; determined
B．determining; determining
C．determined; being determined
D．determining; having determined
解析：选A　两个空格都填determi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ned。第一空的determined作定语；第二空的determined作状语，描述主语离开公司时的心理状态。
15．(2014·永州一模)I stron ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gly feel that whatever our friends ________ matter to us.
A．do do B．does do
C．does does D．do does
解析：选D　分析句子结构可知，that引导宾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句，其谓语动词是matter, whatever our friends ________是主语从句，从句中缺少谓语，故用do；另一个词是对matter的强调，因主语是从句，故用does，所以选D。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2014·福建省高三六校第二次联考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Many people think of the brain as a mystery. They don't know much about intelligence and how it works. When they do think about what intelligence is, many people believe that a person is born smart, average, or dumb — and stays that way in the whole life. But new research shows that the brain is more like a muscle — it changes and gets stronger when you use it. And scientists have been able to show just how the brain grows and gets stronger when you learn.
Everyone kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ws that when you lift weights, your muscles get bigger and you get stronger. A person who can't lift 20 pounds when he/she starts exercising can get strong enough to lift 100 pounds after working out for a long time. That's because the muscles become larger and stronger with exercise. And when you stop exercising, the muscles shrink and you get weaker. That's why people say “Use it or lose it！”
But most people don ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'t know that when they practice and learn new things, parts of their brain change and get larger a lot like muscles do when they exercise. Inside the cortex (皮层) of the brain are billions of tiny nerve cells, called neurons. The nerve cells have branches connecting them to other cells in a complicated munication between these brain cells is what allows us to think and solve problems. When you learn new things, these tiny connections in the brain actually multiply and get stronger. The more you challenge your mind to learn, the more your brain cells grow. Then, things that you once found very hard or even impossible to do — like speaking a foreign language or doing algebra (代数) — seem to become easy after learning them for a period of time. The result is a stronger, smarter brain.
Scientists sta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rted thinking that the human brain could develop and change when they studied animals' brains. They found out that animals that lived in a challenging environment were more “perspicacious” — they were better at solving problems and learning new things.
语篇解读：科学研究发现，经常学习能促进大脑的发育，正如经常锻炼能使肌肉更强健一样。
1．According to the first paragraph，________.
A．the function of our brain is like that of the muscle
B．until now it's impossible to explain the brain's mystery
C．many people believe one's intelligence is naturally determined
D．one's brain grows stronger as the age increases
解析：选C　推理判断题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据第一段中的“many people believe that a person is born smart, average, or dumb — and stays that way in the whole life”可知C项正确。
2．Training muscles is compared to ________.
A．using the brain
B．connecting things in your brain
C．lifting weights
D．doing research about the brain
解析：选A　细节理解题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据第一段中的“But new research shows that the brain is more like a muscle — it changes and gets stronger when you use it.”可知答案。
3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The complex structure of the brain.
B．How changes in the muscles affect the brain.
C．The importance of the brain.
D．How the brain becomes stronger by learning new things.
解析：选D　段落大意题。本段详细描述了大脑如何通过练习和学习新事物而发生变化，从而变得更敏捷。
4．What does the underl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ined word “perspicacious” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Strong.　　　　　　　　 B．Smart.
C．Popular. D．Active.
解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据最后一段破 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )折号后面的“they were better at solving problems and learning new things”可知，该词应为“敏锐的”之意。
B
(2014·常州质检)
Poetry Writing Classes Online
Consider it the caviar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (鱼子酱) of literature: tiny eggs with wonderful taste. Poetry has inspired the human soul for thousands of years and there are those who still treasure its magnificence. If you hear mermaids singing or feel the wind or see the sun rising in ribbons, then you are one of these happy few. Excellence in poetry is mysterious, but a quest (探索) worth pursuing. In our courses, you will learn to control sound, structure, line, word, theme, etc. into well crafted poems and you will improve your precision by experimenting with various time honored forms. You will also learn how and where to market your work.
Level Ⅰ
Poetry Writing 10 Week Workshop
Using a balan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce of lecture, exercise, and comment on work from the instructor and classmates, this course gives students a firm grounding in all the basics of poetry writing.
Write two six poems
Lectures on basics of poetry craft
Writing exercises
Present work for critique (评论) (two times)
Poetry Ⅰ is f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or beginners or anyone who wants to brush up on the fundamentals.
Online Classes
Registration Fee：$25.
Tuition：$395, Returning Students $365.
Each class strictly limited to 16 students, aged 18 and up.
Starts New Lecture Location Time
July 6 Tuesdays Online 24 hrs. a day
Aug 17 Tuesdays Online 24 hrs. a day
Oct 5 Tuesdays Online 24 hrs. a day
You can still enroll in this class!
Advanced
Poetry Writing 10 Week Workshop
Focusing on developing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) projects and receiving comment from the instructor and classmates, this course helps students sharpen their skills and work toward completion of publishable work. Begin or refine two six poems.
Lectures that expand on basics of poetry craft
Writing exercises
Present work for in depth critique (two times)
Online Classes
Registration Fee: $25.
Tuition: $395, Returning Students $365.
Each class strictly limited to 14 students, aged 18 and up.
Starts New Lecture Location Time
July 14 Wednesdays Online 24 hrs. a day
Oct 6 Wednesdays Online 24 hrs. a day
You can still enroll in this class!
语篇解读：本文为一则广告。文章介绍了诗歌写作培训课的相关情况。
5．You learn the follo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wing on Poetry Writing Classes Online EXCEPT ________.
A．where you can sell your poems
B．why it's worth seeking excellence in poetry
C．how to write a well crafted poem
D．how to sharpen your skills in poetry
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“In our courses, you will learn ... You will also learn how and where to market your work.”可知，答案应选B项。
6．If you rejoin the o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nline poetry writing classes, you should pay ________.
A．$390 B．$410
C．$395 D．$365
解析：选A　数字计算题。根据两个表格 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的费用可知，注册费(Registration Fee)为25美元；学费(Tuition)为395美元，原来参加过这个课程培训的学生(Returning Students)的学费为365美元。因此，如果你再一次参加这个课程，应交的费用为：365＋25＝390(美元)。故答案选A。
7．If you are a beginner, you can start the courses from ________.
A．July 14 B．Aug 14
C．July 6 D．Oct 6
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一个表格中第一列提到的时间可知，答案应选C项。
8．In Advanced Poetry Writing Class, you are asked to ________.
A．lay steady foundations for the basis of poetry writing
B．hand in your poems getting ready for publication
C．make comments on the work of your classmates
D．give some lectures on basics of poetry craft
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据Adva ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nced部分中的“Focusing on developing projects and receiving comment from the instructor and classmates”可知，在高级课程培训中，会要求学员去评论同学们的作品。故答案选C。
9．The passage is most probably from a ________.
A．newspaper advertisement
B．book review
C．scientific magazine
D．news report
解析：选A　文章出处题。通读全文可知，这是一则广告。故答案选A。
B卷
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2014·南京市学情调研 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Almost everyone around us uses a phone. Phones provide a simple and efficient means to conduct work or __1__ social arrangements from day to day.
Several times in co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urse of a workday, you may be __2__ by phone with colleagues, students, lab assistants, secretaries or others on __3__ matters. If you want an appointment with your department head, you would __4__ call him and arrange a time with him. If you were unable to __5__ your appointment, or if you found you had to be late for it, you would phone and change the __6__. In this way, no one __7__ time waiting for someone who is not coming. If you want to buy something, you would “let your __8__ do the walking”. That is, you call __9__ to make sure the store has what you need. If it is an expensive item, you might call several stores to __10__ prices. If you want to take a train or plane, after finding out __11__ and prices, you can call to make a __12__； if you want to shop for clothes after work, you might call to ask how late the store is open __13__ you travel all way there.
Phones are easily __1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )4__. In streets, you can see public phones in which you __15__ coins to make a call. Phones have __16__ answering services; if you are not at home or in the office, or don't wish to be __17__， you switch on a machine, which will answer the call for you. A pre recorded __18__ will say to the caller, “I'm __19__， I'm not in at the moment. Please leave your name and number and I will call you back as __20__ as possible.” It's more efficient to leave one's name and number than to waste their time calling again and again.
语篇解读：本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了电话的功能。
1．A.handle　　　　　　　　　 B．attend
C．offer D．match
解析：选A　句意：几乎我们周围的每个人都用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )电话。它为人们进行工作或者“处理”社交安排提供了简单而有效的手段。A项意为“控制，管理”；B项意为“参加”；C项意为“提供”；D项意为“匹配”。故答案选A。
2．A.conveyed B．consulted
C．interrupted D．advised
解析：选B　句意：在工作日当中，你和同 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )事、学生、实验员、秘书或者其他与“工作相关的”任何人用手机的“交流联系”可能一天就会有好几次。be consulted with ...为固定搭配，意为“与……交流，与……商量”。故答案选B。
3．A.private B．self related
C．public D．work related
解析：选D　A项意为“私人的”；B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )项意为“自我相关的”；C项意为“公众的”；D项意为“与工作相关的”。根据上文“colleagues ... secretaries”并结合下文可知，这些人都是与工作有关的。答案选D。
4．A.carefully B．commonly
C．normally D．secretly
解析：选C　句意：如果你想要和部门领导见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )面，通常你都会打电话和他预约一个时间。A项意为“仔细地，小心地”；B项意为“普通地，一般地”；C项意为“通常，正常地”；D项意为“秘密地”。故答案选C。
5．A.make B．keep
C．break D．remember
解析：选B　句意：如果你不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )能“按时赴约”，或者不得不晚到，你会打电话告诉他改变“计划”。keep在此意为“遵守”，keep the appointment为固定搭配，意为“遵守预约，按时赴约”，符合语境。故答案选B。
6．A.mind B．subject
C．plan D．idea
解析：选C　A项意为“思想，想法”；B项意为“科目，主题”；C项意为“计划，安排”；D项意为“主意，观念”。根据语境可知，答案选C。
7．A.arranges B．takes
C．kills D．wastes
解析：选D　句意：这样，就不会 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有人“浪费”时间去等一个不能来的人。waste time doing sth.意为“浪费时间做某事”，故选D。
8．A.finger B．feet
C．head D．legs
解析：选A　句意：如果你 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )想要去购物，那么你可以“让手指代替走路”。根据下文内容可知，此处表示用“手指”拨打电话进行咨询，代替步行去那家商店。故答案选A。
9．A.off B．in
C．out D．ahead
解析：选D　句意：也就是说，你会“提前”打电话去确认那家商店里是否有你所需要的物品。ahead意为“提前”，符合语境。故答案选D。
10．A.bargain B．compare
C．pay D．cut
解析：选B　句意：如果你购买的是一件昂贵的物 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )品，你可能还会给好几家店铺打电话去“比较”它们的价格。A项意为“讨价还价”；B项意为“比较”；C项意为“付款”，它不与价格连用；D项意为“降低，砍价”。根据语境可知，答案选B。
11．A.destination B．route
C．schedule D．course
解析：选C　句意：如果你打算乘火 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )车或飞机，在查明了“时刻表”和价格后，你可能会打电话去“预订(票)”。A项意为“目的地”；B项意为“路线”；C项意为“时刻表”；D项意为“路线，课程”。根据语境和常识可知，答案选C。
12．A.reservation B．choice
C．decision D．study
解析：选A　A项意为“预订”；B项意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“选择”；C项意为“决定”；D项意为“研究，学习”。make a reservation为固定搭配，意为“预订”，符合语境。故答案选A。
13．A.until B．unless
C．after D．before
解析：选D　句意：如果打算在下班 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后去商店买衣服，在你出发“前”你可能会打电话咨询这家店营业到几点。根据语境可知，应用before一词。故答案选D。
14．A.accessible B．acceptable
C．portable D．suitable
解析：选A　根据下文“In str ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eets, you can see public phones ...”可知，电话到处都有(“找到”电话很容易)。A项意为“可利用的，易得到的”；B项意为“可接受的”；C项意为“手提的，轻便的”；D项意为“适合的，胜任的”。
15．A.deliver B．feed
C．change D．use
解析：选B　句意：在街上，你可以看到公用电话，投进硬币就可以打电话。feed本意为“喂养”，此处指“往电话机里面放入硬币”。故答案选B。
16．A.proper B．artificial
C．automatic D．free
解析：选C　根据下文“if you a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re not at home or in the office，... a machine, which will answer the call for you”可知，电话有“自动”回复功能。A项意为“合适的，正确的”；B项意为“人造的，虚假的”；C项意为“自动的”；D项意为“免费的”。故答案选C。
17．A.worried B．upset
C．disturbed D．woken
解析：选C　句意：如果你不在家或者在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )办公室，或者你不希望被“打扰”，你就可以打开此功能，它就能为你接听电话。A项意为“担忧”；B项意为“难过，不安”；C项意为“打扰，扰乱”；D项意为“吵醒，叫醒”。故答案选C。
18．A.speech B．message
C．notice D．dialogue
解析：选B　句意：提前录好的“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )信息”会对打来电话的人说：“对不起，我现在不在，请留下您的姓名和电话号码，我会尽快给您回电”。A项意为“演讲”；B项意为“信息”；C项意为“布告，通知”；D项意为“对话，对白”。故答案选B。
19．A.glad B．afraid
C．regretful D．sorry
解析：选D　A项意为“高兴的”；B项意为“害怕的”；C项意为“后悔的，遗憾的”；D项意为“抱歉的”。故答案选D。
20．A.soon B．quickly
C．much D．long
解析：选A　根据句意和常识可知，as soon as possible意为“尽可能快的”符合语境。故答案选A。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2013·南京、盐城三模) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Christmas is long gone, and Valentine's Day is a distant memory. That means it's a slow time for jewelers, and a good time for you to make a purchase. Whether you're out shopping for gold, or silver, here are a few things you need to know：
What determines price
The purity of the met ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al is one of the elements that determines the price. Gold purity is indicated with a stamp of 10K, 14K, 18K, or 24K. And different countries have their own standards. For example, for a piece to be considered gold in the US, it must be at least 10K. In Britain and Canada: 9K. In Italy and France: 18K. Anything over 18K is really too soft for everyday wear. That's why jewelry stores in the US sell mostly 14K.
How much can you expect to pay
That depends on the w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eight of the metal and the gemstone (宝石). So keep that in mind, especially when buying online. To keep yourself from getting_ripped_off,_ask yourself the following:
●How long has the company been around
●What is its return policy
●Is the jewelry featured on the website visible from all directions
●Is the company tran ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sparent with the gram weights and the size of the gemstones
Yellow gold White Rose
Yes, it's conf ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )using, and while this is largely a personal decision, there are a few things to keep in mind. For starters, white or rose gold costs about 10% more than yellow gold. If you want the “look for less”， consider gold plated jewelry. “Gold plated” and “gold overlay” mean the same thing and guarantee a thicker layer of finish than “vermeil” which is a flash finish that is thinner and less consistent, but more affordable. Buy vermeil finished pieces you want for a season or two just to follow the fashion. For pieces you want to wear for a lifetime, solid gold is best.
What about sterling silver (标准纯银)
Sterling sil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ver has been an alternative for white gold during the difficult economy, and while it used to be more popular with just the younger these days it has much more mass appeal. So much so that retailers are now offering fine gemstones with silver — something you used to see only with gold.
Keep in mind ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that in the US, the sterling silver standard is 92.5% real silver. Don't buy it if there isn't a “925” stamp on it. And keep in mind that the lower price you're paying for silver means more maintenance. To keep silver jewelry from becoming less shiny, consider keeping a piece of chalk in your jewelry box.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了在购买黄金、白银等首饰时应该注意的问题。
1．According to the pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssage, the underlined phrase “getting ripped off” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．
A．being charged B．being cheated
C．being affected D．being attracted
解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，画线 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词所在句子的意思是为了防止自己被骗，问自己以下问题。keep sb. from doing意为“阻止某人做某事”，所以可以推断getting ripped off是“被欺骗”的意思。故答案选B。
2．Which of the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ollowing is relatively good for only wearing a short time
A．A 14K necklace. B．A gold plated ring.
C．A vermeil ear ring. D．A gemstone necklace.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章中“Yel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )low gold？White Rose？”部分的倒数第二句“Buy vermeil finished pieces you want for a season or two just to follow the fashion.”可知，答案选C。
3．We can infer from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the last paragraph that silver jewelry should be kept ________.
A．in a dry place B．in a cold place
C．in a wet place D．in a hot place
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一句“To keep silver jewelry from becoming less shiny, consider keeping a piece of chalk in your jewelry box.”可知，存放银首饰时，在首饰盒里放支粉笔。由于粉笔由石灰干燥剂转化为石膏制成的，所以粉笔具有吸湿性。由此可推出，银首饰应该放在干燥的地方。故答案选A。
4．The author writes the passage mainly to ________.
A．encourage young people to buy fashionable jewelry
B．tell people the best time to purchase gold and silver
C．introduce the real value and popularity of gold and silver
D．inform people of the factors to consider in buying jewelry
解析：选D　写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，作者的写作目的是告诉人们买首饰时需要考虑的因素。故答案选D。
Ⅲ.任务型阅读
(2014·苏北三市调研)
Self Regulated Learning
Today, people change ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )jobs an average of seven times before they retire. Many of these career changes require new learning that must be self initiated and self directed. Thus, one goal of teaching is to free students from the need for teachers, so they can continue to learn independently throughout their lives. That is, to make them self regulated learners. Self regulated learners have a combination of academic learning skills and self control that makes learning easier.
What influences ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) self regulated learning？Knowledge, motivation and will power combine to influence self regulated learning.
First of all, se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lf regulated learners have knowledge about themselves. For example, they know their preferred learning styles: what their interests and talents are: and how to take advantage of their strengths. These experts also know quite a bit about the subject being studied — and the more they know, the easier it is to learn more. They understand different learning tasks require different approaches. Further, they have mastered adequate learning strategies and tactics. For example, they know how and when to skim and how and when to read for deep understanding.
Self regulated learner ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s are motivated by learning itself. They find many tasks in school interesting because they value learning, not just performing well in the eyes of others. However, knowledge and motivation are not always enough. Self regulated learners need will power. They won't give up easily. They know how to protect themselves from distractions — for example, what to do when attracted to stop working and have a cup of coffee.
A model of self r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )egulated learning. Phi Winne and Allyson Hadwin put forward a 4 stage model.
1. Analyzing the learn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing task. Learners examine whatever information they think is relevant in order to construct a sense of what the task is about, what resources are available, and how they feel about the work to be done.
2. Setting goals and d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )evising plans. What goals for studying might you set for a quiz covering only one chapter that counts just 3% toward your grade Would your goals change if the test covered the last six chapters and counted 30% toward your course grade Your goal in turn affects the shape of your plans for how to study. Is cramming (突击学习) the best approach Is it a better plan to study a half hour each day
3. Enacting tactics ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and strategies to accomplish the task. Learners put their tactics and strategies into practice and monitor how well the plan is working. Are you reaching your goals Is your progress rate fast enough to be prepared for the test
4. Regulating learning ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Learners have to decide whether changes are needed in any of the three preceding stages. For example, if learning is slow: Do you need to review some prior material that provides foundations for the content you are now studying
Teaching toward self ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )regulated learning. To develop students' self regulated learning ability, teachers should let students take an active part in finishing complex meaningful tasks; provide them control over their learning processes and products; involve students in setting criteria for evaluating their learning processes and products, then give them opportunities to make judgments about their progress using those standards.
Title: Self Regulated Learning
Passage outline Supporting details
Introduction to the topic One goal of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )teaching ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is to educate students to (1)________ on themselves for lifelong learning. Self regulated learners (2)________ academic learning skills with self control.
Factors that (3)________ self regulated learning Self regulated learne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs know about themselves and subjects, understand different (4)________ to learning tasks and master necessary strategies and tactics. Self regulated learners have strong motivation to learn. Self regulated learners have great will power to focus their (5)________ on the learning tasks.
Passage outline Four stages of self regulated Supporting details
learning Learners exami ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne (6) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ information to further understand the task, available resources and their feeling about the work. Learners should (7)________ your goal on the learning task and shape their learning plan accordingly. Learners apply ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tactics and strategies to the task and monitor learning process. Learners decide whether to make any (8)________ in the previous three stages.
Passage outline Supporting details
Let students participate (10)________ in complex meaningful tasks. (9)________to develop students' self regulated learning ability Provide students ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) control over their learning processes and products. Involve students in setting criteria and make judgments.
答案：(1)depend/rely/co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unt　(2)combine　(3)influence/affect/impact　(4)approaches　(5)attention/minds
(6)relevant　(7 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))base　(8)change/adjustment　(9)How/Ways/Methods　(10)actively
文学与艺术类
[精读语篇](2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B)
In 1947 a group of f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )amous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh.The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.
It quickly attracted ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Burton, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras (交响乐团)．It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.
At the same time, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.
Soon, groups of stude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.
Today the “Fringe”， o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nce less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.
A paid administrator ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries.More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.
[题目试做](建议用时：7分钟)
40．What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning
A．To bring Europe together again.
B．To honor heroes of World War Ⅱ.
C．To introduce young theatre groups.
D．To attract great artists from Europe.
41．Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947
A．They owned a public house there.
B．They came to take up a challenge.
C．They thought they were also famous.
D．They wanted to take part in the festival.
42.Who joined the “Fringe” after it appeared
A．Popular writers.
B．University students.
C．Artists from around the world.
D．Performers of music and dance.
43．We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival ________.
A．has become a non official event
B．has gone beyond an art festival
C．gives shows all year round
D．keeps growing rapidly
[读文样板]
一、理清文章脉络
这是一篇记叙文。1947年一群 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )艺术界的著名艺术家在一位奥地利指挥家的带领下，决定在爱丁堡举办国际艺术节来使整个欧洲在二战后再团结起来。没想到这个艺术节得到了许多人的青睐，并迅速发展。
第一段：介绍爱丁堡艺术节及其目的。
第二段：介绍它吸引了许多著名人物和乐团，成了一个固定的节日。
第三段：介绍了8个剧组在未经邀请的情况下参加了这次艺术节。
第四段：介绍大学生加入了这个艺术节。
第五、六段：介绍了该节日从不被承认，最后发展成为盛大的艺术节。
二、破解阅读障碍
(一)怎样破解生僻词汇
1．uninvited adj.未被邀请的
破解方法：利用构词法。un (否定前缀)＋invited(受到邀请的) ＝ uninvited
2．outgrow v．随长大而改变
破解方法：利用构词法。out (前缀，表示“超过；胜过”)＋grow(生长) ＝ outgrow
3．house n．房屋 vt.给……提供场地；给……提供房屋
破解方法：熟词新义。原文：In 2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows ...此处housing为现在分词短语作定语，指可以为1 695次演出提供场地。house在此被用作动词，指“给……提供场地”。
(二)怎样破解长难句
译文：不久，一批批的学生，首先是来自爱 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )丁堡大学的学生，接着便是牛津、剑桥、达勒姆和伯明翰大学的学生，每年夏天来到苏格兰首府，在小教堂中为爱丁堡人表演一些不太为人所知的作家的戏剧。
[解题样板]
40.起初爱丁堡艺术节的目的是什么？ 信息源 选项特征
A.为了让欧洲重新团结起来。 第一段最后一句 合理推断
B.为了纪念二战中出现的英雄人物。 文中未提及 无中生有
C.为了推出年轻的剧团。 第三段及第四段 曲解文意
D.为了吸引欧洲伟大的艺术家。 第二段第一句 曲解文意
[分析]　选A　根据第一段最后一句“The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.”可知该项活动的