2015《三维设计》高考英语（江苏专用）大一轮复习配套讲义：必修五Unit 2　The environment（单词集释+短语集释+句型集释）

Unit 2　The environment
　第二层级——背句子、学衔接，让作文字顺意畅
1．I was unwilling to work with others.
我不愿和别人一块儿学习。
2．I just buried myself in my lessons.
我仅仅埋头于自己的功课。
3．I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.
上高中时我被选为班长。
4．I realized the importance of cooperating with others.
我意识到与别人合作的重要性。
5．Our success is based on cooperating with others.
我们的成功是建立在与别人合作的基础上的。
6．It is just as the saying goes，“One tree doesn't make a forest.”
正如谚语所言：“独木难成林”。,1.用instead连接1、2句
I_was_unwilling_to_w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ork_with_others;_instead,_I_just_buried_myself_in_my_lessons.
2．用not ...until ...连接3、4句
I_didn't_realize_the_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )importance_of_cooperating_with_others_until_I_was_chosen_monitor_of_my_class_in_my_senior_middle_school.
3．连接5、6句，使其成为含just as引导的状语从句的复合句
Just_as_the_saying_go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es，“One_tree_doesn't_make_a_forest.”，_our_success_is_based_on_cooperating_with_others.
选用“then, thus, in fact, at first, as a result”过渡词语衔接成文。
Relationship ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is very important in our life.Just as the saying goes，“One tree doesn't make a forest.”， our success is based on cooperating with others.In_fact,_I didn't realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior high school.At_first,_I was unwilling to work with others; instead, I just buried myself in my lessons.As_a_result,_I was tired out and depressed.Then I turned to my teacher for help and he advised me to cooperate with others.Thus I began to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class.
(Ⅰ)单词拼写
1．If we learn to re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cycle (回收利用) materials, our natural resources will last longer.
2．This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities (数量)．
3．Toy sales peaked just before Christmas and are now decreasing (减少)．
4．We should take appropriate measures (措施) to improve our teaching.
5．Modern civiliza ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion recovered and absorbed (吸收) whatever valuable in the ancient civilization.
6．They have the d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esire and the ambition but they are not willing (愿意) to do.
7．Imbalance in global ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )development has widened. International and local conflicts (冲突) keep breaking out.
8．The prices ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the latest smartphones range (在一定范围内变化) from 200 yuan to 4,000 yuan online.
9．He is very particular (挑剔的) about the materials for the decoration.
10．We debated (辩论) for several hours on it before taking a vote.
11．It is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) largest and most well known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating (经营) for 25 years.
12．After finishing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the book Red Wolf, the readers would learn that the boy helped arrest (逮捕) the murderer.
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空
1．In recent years o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ur country has placed great importance on economic (economy) construction.
2．We'll buy every ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thing you produce (production), provided of course the price is right.
3．Land may not be so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld, leased, mortgaged (抵押) or illegally (illegal) transferred by any other means.
4．Fortunately, som ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e active steps to conserve (conservation) these animals are at last being taken.
5．Xu Litong, chief ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )technical consultant (consult) for the project, said about 57 percent of new buildings in China are in rural areas.
6．The soldier's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) heroic action has left a deep impression (impress) on people's minds.
(Ⅲ)语境填词
1．Be careful you do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n't take on too much responsibility or if anything goes wrong, they will make you responsible.(responsible)
2．Thanks ever so much ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for your help, I really appreciate it.Your teaching method helps children to develop an appreciation of poetry and literature.(appreciate)
1．In/with_rega ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd_to (关于)his suggestions we shall discuss them fully at the meeting to be held on Sunday.
2．The worker let_of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f (排放) some steam because the pressure was too high.
3．She was so excell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent that she was picked_out (挑出) from thousands of applicants for the job.
4．One book in_partic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ular (尤其) took his attention: he read several pages with great interest.
5．We have used_up (用完) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) most of the cloth , and all we have left is a few bits and pieces.
6．The company had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to cut_back_on (消减) expenditure in order to repay its debt.
7．The boom in build ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing has resulted_in (导致) the local land being more valuable now for houses.
8．The government has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) set_up (创建) a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.
【短语归纳】
1．cut back on　　　　　　　 减少，削减，缩减
2．use up 用尽
3．run out (of) 用完，耗尽
4．queue up 排队等候
5．pick out 找出，挑选
6．in/with regard to 关于，至于
7．let off 排放
8．in particular 尤其，特别
9．result in 造成，导致
10．set up 创建，建立，开办
1．First I am talk ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste.
我今天首先要谈的是化学废物如何破坏世界上的大片区域。
[解读]　句中vast areas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the world are damaged by chemical waste是定语从句，修饰先行词the way, way后省略了that/in which。
[仿写]　我喜欢我的英语老师上课的方式。
I like the_way my English teacher gives his lessons.
2．I liked it when you told that joke.
我喜欢你讲的那个笑话。
[解读]　句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面when引导的从句。
[仿写]　她们不喜欢你经常问她们私人问题。
They don't_like_it_when you keep asking them about their privacy.
3．Therefore, the mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。
[解读]　“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”句型，表示“越……，越……”。
[仿写]　你学得越多， 就知道的越多。
The_more you study, the_more you know.
一、常考词汇细点拨
1．debate vt.&vi.辩论；争论，讨论 n. 辩论；辩论会
[高考佳句]　In the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music.(2013·山东高考阅读B)
在20世纪20年代，美国出现了关于爵士乐的争论。
(1)debate sth.with sb.　　　　 与某人争论某事
debate with sb.about/on sth. 和某人争论某事
debate＋wh 疑问词＋不定式 讨论……；思考/盘算……
(2)beyond debate 无可争辩，毋庸置疑
under debate 在讨论中
①He debated with our maths teacher about the solution to the problem.
他和我们的数学老师争辩这个问题的解法。
②Whether we s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hould adopt his suggestion is currently still under_debate.
目前对是否应该采纳他的建议仍处于争论之中。
2．operate vt.经营，管理；操作 vi. 动手术；运转；起作用，见效
[教材原句]　The people ope ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.
经营这些工厂的人非常关心环境。
[一词多义]　写出下列句子中operate的含义
①They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.经营
②In the laboratory, Ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vella operated the wheel chair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.操纵
③The surgeons operated on her for a tumor.动手术
④The machine operates quite efficiently.运转
⑤The medicine will operate in ten minutes.见效，起作用
(1)operate on sb.(for ...)　　 (因某病)给某人动手术
(2)operation n. 运转，运行，操作
come/go into operation 生效，实行
be in operation 运转中，实施中
⑥Doctors decided to operate on the patient at once.
医生们决定立刻对病人实施手术。
⑦The new rules come into operation from next week.
新规定从下周起实施。
3．quantity n．数量，量
[教材原句]　Ms Lin suggeste ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment.
林女士建议我们应当缩减生产量来拯救环境。
in quantity/in large quantities(＝ in large amounts)大量地　 　　　　
①There are only a small quantity of flowers left in the garden.
花园里只剩下少量的花了。
②—Why does the Lake smell terrible
—Because large quantities of water have_been_polluted.
——为什么湖水会这么难闻？
——因为大量的水被污染了。
③It's cheaper to buy goods in_(large)_quantities.
大批量购货较便宜。
[联想归纳]　种种“许多”有多少？
①＋可数名词复数
②＋不可数名词
4．impress vt.使印象深刻，压印，盖印；使铭记，使牢记vi.给人留下印象，使人注意
[高考佳句]　Asked w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hy they lied, the most common reason was to“impress” someone they were speaking to.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)
当被问到他们为什么撒谎时，人们最常见的理由就是给他们与之谈话的人留下深刻的印象。
(1)be impressed by/with　　　 被……打动；对……有深刻印象
impress sth. on one's mind/memory
把某事铭记在心
impress sth. on/upon sb./impress on/upon sb. sth.
使某人铭记某事
impress sb. with sth. 使某人牢记某事
(2)impression n. 印象
make/leave a deep impression on sb./one's memory
给某人留下深刻的印象
①I'm deeply impressed by what I've seen and heard during this visit.
这次访问中的所见所闻给我留下了深刻的印象.
②The teacher imp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ressed_on his students the importance of making notes in class.
老师让学生认识到课堂上做笔记的重要性。
③A thousand words will not leave so deep an impression as one deed.
千言万语不如一个行动。
[链接高考]
(2012·山东高考)My first _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
A．expression　　　　　 B．attention
C．satisfaction D．impression
解析：选D　句意：他给我的第一印象是他 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是一个善良而且有思想的年轻人。first impression“第一印象”。attention“注意”；expression“表达；表情”；satisfaction“满意”。
5．measure n．[C]措施，方法；尺度 vt.测量；估量，判定 linking v.(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为
[教材原句]　The centre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification.
该中心拥有300多位科学家，他们致力于寻找阻止沙漠化的措施。
①We measured the bridge and it measures 20 metres long!
我们测量了这座桥，它(量起来)有20米长！
(1)take measures to do sth.　 采取措施做某事
make ...to one's measure 依照某人的尺寸做……
(2)measure ... by ... 用……来衡量……
measure sb.for ... 为某人量尺寸
②They call on pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ople and the government to_take_measures to fight against it.(2013·天津高考阅读B)
他们号召人们和政府采取措施反对它(光污染)。
③He was so fat that all his clothes had to be_made_to_his_measure.
他太胖了，所有的衣服都得定做。
④Life is measured by thought and action, not by time.
生命的价值是用思想和行为来衡量的，而不是寿命的长短。
[名师指津]　measure表示“(测量后)有……长(或宽、高、大等)”时是系动词，主动形式表示被动含义。
6．range n．(变动)范围，幅度；一系列；分类；射程；山脉vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序
[高考佳句]　In addition ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to these traditional activities, we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.(2013·辽宁高考书面表达)
除了这些传统活动外，我们有更多选择，诸如旅行和拜访亲戚朋友。
(1)in/within range of　　　　　 在……范围内
out of range of 超出……的范围
a range of 一系列的
(2)range from ... to ... 从……到……变化
range between ... and ... 在……范围内变动
①Satellite lifeti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mes in orbit range from a matter of days to hundreds of years.
卫星在轨道上的寿命从几天到几百年不等。
②The customer you are trying to reach is currently out_of_range.
你正在拨打的电话现在不在服务区。
7．appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会
[高考佳句]　Only then d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id I truly begin to appreciate Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times.(2013·天津高考完形)
直到那时我才真正地开始欣赏父亲和他引导我们度过困难时期的信念。
①It was a while before Tom could appreciate the joke.(2013·江西高考阅读A)
过了一会儿汤姆才理解了那个笑话。
(1)appreciate (one's) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……，我会感激不尽
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏，感激，理解
②I really appreciat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e my_teacher_helping_me with math in his spare time.
我真的很感谢老师在业余时间帮我补习数学。
③I'd_appreciate_it_if you'd wait until the end for questions.
如果你等我做完再询问我会感激不尽。
[名师指津]　appre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ciate表示“感激”时，后面跟动词 ing形式作宾语，后面的宾语一般是事情或用it作形式宾语，后不跟sb.作宾语；appreciate sb.意为“重视，赏识某人”。如果表示“感激某人”则用thank。
8．absorb vt.吸收(气体、液体、热、光等)；理解；使全神贯注
[教材原句]　Last but n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.
最后但同样重要的是，你可以种植一棵树，因为树木可以吸收空气中的二氧化碳，制造氧气。
absorb knowledge/information　　　 掌握知识/信息
absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb ... into ... 把……吸入……
be absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……
①Only when k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nowledge is thoughtfully absorbed, can it become your own wisdom.
知识要用心体会，才能变成自己的智慧。
②In the past year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s, China has changed world — shaking and absorbed the world's attention.
最近几十年里， 中国发生了翻天覆地的变化， 吸引了全世界的注意。
③When deeply abs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orbed_in_work,_which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.(2012·北京高考)
他经常那样，完全专注于工作时他会废寝忘食。
[熟词生义]　猜测句中absorbed的含义
④The company has gradually absorbed its smaller rivals.
A．吸收　　　B．理解　　　C．兼并
答案：C
二、间考词汇自识记
1．conflict vi.冲突，抵触n.冲突；矛盾
　　与……相冲突
His account conflicted with reports received from other journalists.
他的讲述和从其他记者那儿收到的报道有出入。
2．responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务
①have the responsibility for　 对……有责任；对……负责
②a sense of responsibility 责任感
3．decrease vt.& vi.& n．减少
①decrease to　　　　　 减少到
②decrease by 减少了
③on the decrease 在减少
The result shows the import of wheat has decreased by 0.93%.
结果表明小麦进口减少了0.93%。
[单词对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·南师附中测试)Sm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iling, more often than not, is a good way to avoid any possible ________ in our daily life.
A．explanation　　　　　　　　 B．debate
C．fault D．conflict
解析：选D　句意：在我们日 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常生活中，微笑通常是一种能避免任何可能的冲突的好方式。explanation“解释”；debate“辩论”；fault“错误”；conflict“冲突”。
2．(2014·河北衡水中学一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )调)The engineer has spent one year working in the US and discovered how things ________ overseas.
A．manage B．promote
C．operate D．allocate
解析：选C　句意：那位工程师在美国工作了一年 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，并发现了海外的事情是怎样运行的。operate“操作，运行”，符合题意。manage“经营，管理，对付”是及物动词；promote“促进，提升”；allocate“分配”。
3．Women usually do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n't care much about what they eat, but they are very ________ about what they wear.
A．subjective B．particular
C．curious D．positive
解析：选B　句意：女性通 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常不在乎她们吃什么，但是她们特别讲究穿什么。particular“挑剔的，讲究的”，符合句意。subjective“主观的”；curious“好奇的”；positive“积极的”。
4．She was fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )und sitting in her wheelchair, completely ________ in a fashion magazine her son had just bought.
A．absorbing B．being absorbed
C．absorbed D．to absorb
解析：选C　句意：她被发现坐在轮椅上 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，完全专注于儿子刚买的一本时尚杂志。be absorbed in表示“专注于，全神贯注于”，此处过去分词短语在句中作状语，故选C。
5．(2014·池州一中模拟)With ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year.
A．is washing away B．is being washed away
C．are washing away D．are being washed away
解析：选D　“quantities of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”不论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词均用复数形式，且earth与wash away 之间是被动关系，故选D。
6．(2014·南京模拟)The ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w bridge under construction, ________ twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.
A．measures B．measuring
C．measured D．to measure
解析：选B　句意：在建设中的新桥是原来老桥的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )两倍长，预计在下个月完成。bridge与measure是主动关系，用现在分词作bridge的定语。
Ⅱ.多维演练
　appreciate多棱镜
1．根据语境选择appreciate的最佳汉语意思
①It is difficult to appreciate how bad the situation has become.(　　)
②That's just because you can appreciate music.(　　)
③I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.(　　)
A．欣赏　　　B．感激　　　C．理解
答案：①C　②A　③B
2．完成句子
④你若能就如何解决这些问题给我提出些建议，我将不胜感激。
I_would_appreci ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ate_it_if_you_could_give_me_some_advice on how to solve these problems.
3．(2014·无锡一中模拟)I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )appreciate ________ the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
A．giving B．to give
C．being given D．to be given
解析：选C　句意：两年前我得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到在你的公司工作的机会，我对此非常感激。appreciate表示“感激”，其后通常接动名词作宾语，而且动词give与其逻辑主语是被动关系，故选C。
　range点点练
1．写出下列句中range的含义
①He spent a whole morning ranging his books on the shelf. 排列
②This weapon can kill at a range of 200 yards.射程
③Several cars are available within this price range.范围
④The factory makes a whole range of tools.种类
⑤The children's ages range between 8 and 15.变化
2．完成句子
⑥这种车的价格从两万美元到三万美元不等，这超出了他的购买能力。
The price of the car r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anges_from 20,000 dollars to 30,000 dollars, which is out_of_his_range.
　impress万花筒
1．用impress及其派生词的相关短语完成句子
①他让我们认识到必须立刻采取行动。
He impressed_on us the need for immediate action.
②每个人都穿着他们最好的衣服，渴望给我们留下好的印象。
Everyone was dressed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in their best clothes, eager to make_a_good_impression_on us.
③我不是被他说的话而是他做的事而深深打动了。
I was_deeply_impressed_by not what he said but what he did.
④她的精彩表演给他留下了深刻的印象。
She impressed him with her wonderful performance.
2．(2014·安徽示范高中模拟)—What ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ did the country leave you after a year of your staying there
—Well, I think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )what ________ me most was the friendliness of the people there.
A．impression; impressed
B．was impressed; impressed
C．was impressed on; impressing
D．had impressed; was impressed
解析：选A　leave sb. a(n) ... impression“给某人留下……印象”；what impressed sb. most was ...“给某人印象最深的是……”。
1．cut back on减少，削减，缩减
[教材原句]　It is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy.
尽量削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量是我们的责任。
①If we don't sell more goods, we'll have to cut back on production.
我们若不能增加货物的销售量，就必须大幅度降低产量。
cut across　　　　　 抄近路穿过
cut off 切断(供应)，中断(电话通话等)
cut down 砍倒，削减
cut out 删除；裁剪
cut up 切碎
②If bubbles o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.(2013·江苏高考阅读C)
如果氮气气泡在骨内形成，它们会切断血液的供应。
③You had better cu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t_out the last two paragraphs of your article, which will make it more perfect.
你最好把你这篇文章中的最后两段删去，那会使它更完美。
[链接高考]
(2013·陕西高考)My uncle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has ________.
A．cut out B．cut down
C．cut up D．cut off
解析：选B　句意：我的叔叔还不能戒 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )烟，但是至少他少抽了一些。cut down“削减，减少”，符合句意。cut out“剪下”，cut up“切成小块”，cut off“切掉，分割开”，均与句意不符。
2．run out (of)用完，耗尽
[教材原句]　What if they run out
要是它们用完怎么办？
①Time ran out before we could get down to the details of the plan.
我们还没来得及探讨计划的细节，时间就过去了。
②The car ran out of petrol, and to make things worse I had no money!
汽车没油了， 更糟糕的是我身上没有钱！
[辨析比较]　run out, run out of, give out, use up
试一试　选择以上短语填空
③We had just reached the motorway when the petrol ran_out/gave_out.
④They ran_out_of/used_up money and had to abandon the project.
⑤After three hour ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) climbing the mountain, her patience gave_out/ran_out.
辨一辨
run out 用完，耗尽 不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等
run out of 用完 及物动词短语，其主语一般为人
give out 耗尽，用完 不及物动词短语，其主语通常是物
分发，散发出 及物动词短语
use up 用光，用完 及物动词短语，其主语一般为人
[联想归纳]　run短语荟萃：
①run into　遇到　　　②run over　碾过，溢出
③run after 追逐，追赶 ④run across 偶然碰见，偶然发现
[链接高考]
(2012·重庆高考)Foo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d supplies in the flood stricken area ________.We must act immediately before there's none left.
A．have run out　　　　　　 B．are running out
C．have been run out D．are being run out
解析：选B　根据“We must ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) act immediately before there's none left.”可知，救灾食品快要用完了，排除A、C两项。再根据run out是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态可知，用现在进行时的主动语态。故选B。
3．pick out找出，挑选；辨认出
[教材原句]　There are a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lso things that can be done at a national or international level, such as sharing information between countries and using satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.
从国家或国际层面上看，也有很多可为之事，如国家间共享信息和利用卫星找出可能会受到沙漠化影响的地区。
①You can pick out ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the photo you like best, and I'll make an enlargement of it for you.
你可以挑选出你最喜欢照片， 我会为你扩大它。
pick up　拾起，捡起；收拾，整理；(偶然)学会；用车接人，让人乘车；收听到；好转，(情况)改进；感染
pick oneself up跌倒后站起来
[一词多义]　写出下列句中pick up的含义
②Mary picked up the wallet on the ground.拾起，捡起
③I've got to pick this room up before the guests arrive.收拾，整理
④Now let's figure out whose car will stop to pick us up.让人乘车
⑤The hotel business always picks up in summer.好转
⑥Bob has never ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d a French teacher; he picked the language up by himself.(偶然)学会
⑦The dog's sense o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f hearing is so sharp that it can pick up the sound from afar.听到，听见
⑧I seem to have picked up a terrible cold from somewhere.感染
⑨He slipped and fell, but quickly picked himself up.(跌倒后)使(自己)站起来
[链接高考]
(2012·四川高考)It's s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urprising that your brother ________ Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.
A．picked up B．looked up
C．put up D．made up
解析：选A　句意：令人惊 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )奇的是，你弟弟如此快就学会说俄语了——他在那儿生活的时间并不长。pick up“(无意之间、偶然地)学会”；look up“(在书籍中)查找”；put up“张贴；搭建”；make up“构成；编造”。根据句意选A。
[短语对点集训]　　　　　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．医生说我必须少吃高钠盐的食物以降低血压。
My doctor says I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) should cut_back_on sodium rich foods to lower my blood pressure.
2．这湖过去是受过污染的，现在已被清除干净了。
The lake used to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be polluted but it has_been_cleaned_up in recent years.
3．如果你想去看电影，你只好排队买票。
If you want to see the film, you will have to queue_up_for_tickets.
4．关于这个问题，你可以参考书中的注释。
You can refer to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he notes of the book in/with_regard_to_this_question.
5．期中考试以后，学生们决定外出旅行以放松一下紧张的情绪。
After the mid ter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m exam, the students decided to go to travel to_let_off steam.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·南京模拟)This p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icture was taken twenty years ago. I wonder if you can ________ my younger brother.
A．find out　　　　　　　　 B．pick out
C．look out D．speak out
解析：选B　句意：这张照片是20 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )年前照的。我想知道你能否认出我弟弟。find out“查明，弄清(情况)”；pick out“辨别出，认出来”；look out“当心，留神”；speak out“公开地说出来(尤指冒险表示抗议)”。
2．(2014·皖南八校 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )联考)Traditionally, Chinese people ________ the Chinese characters Double Happiness and stick them onto walls or doors for weddings.
A．cut out B．cut off
C．cut up D．cut down
解析：选A　句意：传统上，中国人习惯把“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )双喜”字剪下来贴在墙上或是举行婚礼的门上。cut out“剪下”，符合题意。cut off“砍断”；cut up“切碎”；cut down“砍倒”。
3．(2014·宿迁模拟)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) photographer needs to charge up the digital camera every day as the battery ________ quickly.
A．shuts up B．ends up
C．runs out D．turns out
解析：选C　句意：这位摄影师每天都需要给数码相机充电，因为电池很快就用完了。run out“用完，用尽”。
4．(2013·江苏高考)I a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m always delighted when I receive an e mail from you.________ the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.
A．On account of B．In response to
C．In view of D．With regard to
解析：选D　句意：收到你 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的电子邮件，我总是很开心。至于七月一日的聚会，我很乐意参加。根据句意可知，with regard to“关于，至于”，符合句意。
1．I liked_it_when you told that joke.
我喜欢你讲的那个笑话。
句中like是及物动词，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语为when引导的从句。
(1)英语中在表示喜爱、憎恶之 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )类的动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句，而要用形式宾语it，然后再加真正的宾语从句，这样的动词有：appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等。
①I don't like it when the weather gets too hot.
当夏天天气变得太热的时候我就不喜欢了。
②I dislike it when people talk loudly in public.
我不喜欢别人在公共场合大声喧哗。
(2)一些动词短语后面也常用i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t作形式宾语然后加真正的宾语从句，常见的动词短语有：depend on, rely on, see to (确保)等。
③Yon may depend on it that they will support you.
你相信好了，他们会支持你的。
2．Therefore, the_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )more petrol and electricity we consume, the_more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。
句中运用了“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”句型。用法如下：
(1)意为“越……就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句，用一般将来时。
(3)本结构中常用省略形式。
①The more he thought like this, the more unhappy he became.
他越是这样想，就越是不开心。
②The_longer you stay in Nanjing, the_more you will like it.
你在南京待的时间越长，你就会越喜欢这座城市。
③The sooner, the better.
越快越好。
[句型对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.单句改错
1．I suppose she' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a dancer from the way which she carries herself.在which前加上in或去掉which或which→that
2．The economic inco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me of its tobacco leaf is 75 times that it was ten years ago.that→what
3．People hate when you don't say what you mean.hate后加it
4．The more you pract ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ise, the more you'll become skillful.skillful放在more之后
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．At first I t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hought I understood what my teacher said, but the more he explained, ________.
A．the more I became confused
B．I became confused more
C．the more confused I became
D．the more confused did I become
解析：选C　该题是“th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，表示“越……越……”。句意：起初我以为我明白了老师所说的，但他越解释我就越迷惑了。
2．(2014·安徽马鞍山两校联考)—C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an I ask you a few straightforward questions about yourself
—Sure. I like ________ when people are open and direct.
A．that B．this
C．it D．them
解析：选C　I like it when ...是固定句式，表示“我喜欢……”，此处it无实义。
现在分词
1．(2014·苏州高三模拟)________ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
A．Based B．Basing
C．Base D．To base
解析：选B　句意：如果你在做一个重要的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )决定时感性大于理性，那你迟早会后悔的。you与base构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用base的现在分词形式作状语。
2．(2014·南通高三教学质检 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))All of us have read thrilling stories, in which the hero has only a limited time to live. Such stories set us ________， ________ what we should do under similar circumstances.
A．thinking; wondering B．to think; wondering
C．thinking; to wonder D．to think; to wonder
解析：选A　句意：我们都读 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过扣人心弦的故事，故事中的主人公只能活一段有限的时间。这样的故事让我们思考，在类似的处境下我们该做些什么。set sb. doing sth.“使某人处于某种状况”，为固定用法；第二空为现在分词作伴随状语。
3．(2014·济南高三模拟)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e old couple, ________ in the small village for years, can tell the names of all the villagers.
A．living B．lived
C．having lived D．to have lived
解析：选C　分析句子成分可知 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，主语The old couple和live之间是逻辑上的主动关系，且句中有表示一段时间的时间状语for years，因此用现在分词的完成式。
4．(2014·长沙高三一模)________ for a whole night, we still couldn't agree on when to start and where to go for the holiday.
A．Discussed B．Having discussed
C．Discussing D．Being discussed
解析：选B　句意：虽然讨论了一整晚，但我们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在度假的时间和地点方面还没有达成共识。由句意可知discuss的动作发生在couldn't agree之前，且we与discuss是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词的完成式。
5．(2014·淮阴中学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )高三模拟)Look, the ________ leaves in the sky are all yellow. Lots of ________ leaves make the road yellow.
A．falling; falling B．fallen; fallen
C．fallen; falling D．falling; fallen
解析：选D　falling表示正在进行，与i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the sky吻合，表示“正在落下的树叶”；fallen表示完成，不表示被动意义，意思是“已落下的”，道路成为黄色说明叶子已经落到地上。
A卷
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·陕西高考)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will ________.
A．in particular　　　　　　　　 B．in turn
C．in charge D．in time
解析：选D　考查介词短语辨析。句意：经理 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )想看看公司的变化，我相信他迟早会看到的。in particular“尤其，特别”；in turn“依次，轮流”； in charge“负责，掌管”； in time“及时，迟早，最终”。
2．(2014·沭阳五校高三联考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))________ beautiful scenery of Mount Tai didn't leave ________ impression on me, but it was ________ unforgettable trip.
A．The; /; an B．The; an; an
C．/; an; an D．The; an; /
解析：选B　第一个空特指“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )泰山的美丽景色”，故用the；leave an impression on sb.是固定搭配，故填an；第三空泛指“一次难忘的旅行”，故用an。
3．(2014·新沂二中质检)It ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has been reported that the exports of that company have decreased ________ 3%.
A．to B．by
C．with D．at
解析：选B　考查介词。dec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rease to“减少到……”，其后一般接具体的数字；decrease by“减少了……”，其后一般接分数或百分数。
4．(2014·黄山模拟)She bega ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n practicing her guitar skills for several hours each day, only ________ when her fingers began to bleed.
A．stop B．stopped
C．to stop D．stopping
解析：选D　考查非谓语动词。句意：她开始每天都花好几个小时苦练吉他，经常弹到手指流血才停下。这里用现在分词作伴随状语。
5．(2014·湖南十二校联 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考)It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some ________ over 90 meters.
A．measure B．measures
C．measuring D．measured
解析：选C　句意：那儿的天气是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )那么潮湿，以至于那些树都非常高，有些有90多米。“some ________ over 90 meters”与前面的句子之间没有连词连接，且用了逗号，故本结构应为独立主格结构。measure表示“(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为”时是系动词，与some(trees)之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。
6．(2014·江苏宿豫中学模拟)I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) would appreciate it ________ you call back this afternoon for the hairdressing appointment.
A．until B．if
C．when D．how
解析：选B　appreciate， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dislike，like等后跟宾语从句时需要用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的宾语从句。根据语境可知此处选B。
7．(2014·淮安一中检测)I ________ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I ________ all my money.
A．would like to give; ran out of
B．would like to have given; ran out of
C．would like to give; was run out of
D．would like to give; ran out
解析：选B　分析语境可知，第一空是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在过去虚拟条件“如果我的钱没有花完”下得出的结论，故用完成时；第二空需填一个及物动词短语的主动形式，故B项正确。
8．(2014·江阴高三模拟)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )old grandfather, much to the surprise of the doctors, doesn't want his granddaughter ________ this week.
A．to operate on B．operates
C．to be operated on D．operating
解析：选C　句意：使医生大为吃惊 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的是，这位老爷爷不想本周让孙女做手术。want sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”，为固定用法，可排除B、D两项； operate on“给……动手术”。operate on与granddaughter之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故选C。
9．(2014·浏阳一中质检)Che ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry, a car maker in Anhui Province, sold nearly 700,000 units in 2013, with the total value ________ it was in 2008.
A．more than three times what
B．three more times than that
C．over three times than what
D．over three times of that
解析：选A　考查倍数表示法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。句意：奇瑞，一个安徽省的汽车制造商，在2013年销售了近700 000辆汽车，总价值是2008年的3倍多。介词后不能接that引导的宾语从句，故B、D两项错误；倍数表达法之一是：倍数＋what从句，故A项正确。
10．(2014·合肥一中模拟)When _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ on the sofa, ________ in her book, Judith didn't notice her parents come in.
A．lying; absorbed B．laying; absorbing
C．lying; absorbing D．lay; being absorbed
解析：选A　句意：Judith躺在沙发 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上专心看书，没有注意到父母进来。第一个空的分词与其逻辑主语是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语；根据短语be absorbed in可知，第二个空应用absorbed，故选A。
11．(2014·徐州模拟)—Bad luck. They didn't offer the job to me.
— ________ You've been well prepared for the interview.
A．So what B．What if
C．How come D．What about
解析：选C　句意：“真倒霉，他们没有提供给 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我工作。”“怎么会呢？你为面试做好了准备啊。”How come“怎么会”，符合句意。So what“那又怎么样”；What if“倘使……将会怎样”；What about ...“……怎么样”。
12．(2014·江苏名校联考)—What is the cost of the MP4 here
—Well, the prices ________ from $100 to$500.
A．increase B．range
C．reach D．differ
解析：选B　答句句意：价格在100美元到500美元之间。range from ... to ...“在……和……之间变化”，符合题意。
13．(2014·安庆师范中学高三联考)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ey had a fierce ________ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.
A．debate B．disagreement
C．contest D．conflict
解析：选A　句意：他们就公司是否应当恢 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )复几年前中断了的这一贸易关系进行了一场激烈的争论。debate“争论，辩论”，指持不同观点的各方据理力争，并最终作出决定。
14．(2014·长沙模 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )拟)A fantastic idea occurred to him that he could use a plastic bottle, ________ cut off, as a container to grow young plants in.
A．of which the top B．whose top
C．the top of which was D．with its top was
解析：选C　句意：他忽然想到了一个有趣 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的想法——他可以用一个塑料瓶，去掉瓶子盖，作为一个容器来种植小植物。此处为非限制性定语从句，可表达为of which the top was cut off, whose top was cut off或the top of which was cut off。若选D，应去掉was, with its top cut off是with复合结构。
15．(2014·淮安高三模 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )拟)Large quantities of information, as well as some timely help, ________ since the organization was built.
A．has offered B．had been offered
C．have been offered D．is offered
解析：选C　句中出现了since从句，主句用现在完成时，且quantities of作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，故选C。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2014·东北三省四市 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二次联考)Eco City Farms are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the United States.
Eco City Far ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ms in Edmonston, Maryland, is located near shopping centers, car repair shops and homes. The neighborhood is a working class community. People do not have very much money, and they have limited access to fresh food in markets.
Over the past two year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s, the farm has attracted volunteers from the community like Marcy Clark. She schools her four children at home. On a recent day she brought them to Eco City Farms for a lesson. Her son Alston Clark thinks his experience is very valuable. “I like coming out here，” he says, “You know, you connect with the earth, where your food comes from. You appreciate the food a little bit more.”
Margaret Morgan sta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rted Eco City Farms. She thinks of it as a place where people can learn to live healthier lives. “Growing food in a community brings people together，” she continues, “Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration to show people everything about how to have an eco friendly community.” she says. From the Eco City Farms people come to know that they are not only growing food and raising chickens and bees, but improving the soil with compost (肥料) made from food waste.
Eco City Farms is an e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xperimental operation. The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks, but from the sun with solar panels. In winter, the green houses use a geothermal (地热) system.
Vegetables ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n be grown all year. So once a week, all winter long, neighbors like Chris Moss and her three children bike to the farm to pick up a share of the harvest.
“I like eating the vegetables，” says five year old Owen Moss.
语篇解读：本文是一篇报道。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章介绍了美国各地日益流行的“生态城市农场 Eco City Farms ”。它不但可以带动生态社区，引领人们过上绿色健康的生活，更成为人们了解地球、了解食物的好去处。
1．What is mainly talked about in the passage
A．Eco City Farms save a lot of energy.
B．Eco City Farms are gaining popularity.
C．Eco City Farms are influencing community life.
D．Eco City Farms help the working class live better.
解析：选B　主旨大意题。通读全文特别是文章首段可知，本文就“‘生态城市农场’在美国各地日益流行”进行了相关介绍。故答案选B。
2．According to the pas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sage, Eco City Farms are close to the following places EXCEPT ________.
A．shopping centers　　　　 B．car repair shops
C．fast food restaurants D．working class community
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“... is located near shopping centers, car repair shops and homes. The neighborhood is a working class community.”可知，答案选C。
3．What is the author's attitude towards Eco City Farms
A．Enthusiastic. B．Disappointed.
C．Surprised. D．Doubtful.
解析：选A　观点态度题。根据第三、四段所使 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用的语言“the farm has attracted volunteers ... I like coming out here ...”“brings people together ... From the Eco City Farms people come to know ...”可知，作者对“生态城市农场”持积极乐观态度，对其很感兴趣。C项文中并未提到，B、D两项不符合文意。故答案选A。
4．In which column of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a newspaper can you most probably read this article
A．People. B．Travel.
C．Environment. D．Education.
解析：选C　文章出处题。根据文章的主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )旨大意可知，“生态城市农场”并不是一个旅游项目，其目的也并不是教育人，文章并未以人为中心进行介绍，故可排除A、B、D三项。根据第三段倒数第二句中的“connect with the earth”，第四段最后一句中的“improving the soil with compost (肥料) made from food waste”及第五段中的“from the sun with solar panels. In winter, the green houses use a geothermal (地热) system”可推知，本文应来源自报纸的“环境”专栏。故答案选C。
B
(2014·江苏扬州第一学期检测)F ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rogs with deformities (畸形) continue to spread in the western United States, new research says. A parasite (寄生虫) called Ribeiroia infects several kinds of frogs when they are developing, causing deformities such as no legs or more legs than normal. These frogs are often unable to move and either die or quickly get eaten by other birds.
Scientists al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ready knew that the parasite was the reason for the frog deformities. They wanted to find out whether known hot spots of Ribeiroia populations in four western states had changed since they were last surveyed in 1999.
So in 2010 Pieter J ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ohnson, an expert at the University of Colorado, and his team gathered data of frogs and parasites in 48 wetlands in America. They found that the parasite infections were still common in frogs.
“We found that, altho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ugh the distribution of Ribeiroia across wetlands changed, there was little net effect on overall parasite spreading, with 31 percent of wetlands gaining the parasite and 27 percent losing the parasite，” Johnson said. “But what was most surprising was that the locations had changed greatly over the last decade.”
For instance, ponds w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )here scientists had found few deformed frogs in 1999 now had 30 percent or more frogs with deformed legs, he said. Likewise, former hot spots now had fewer of these frogs, according to their results.
The Ribeiroia paras ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ite has a complex life cycle, which begins with the snail, a creature common in many western US Wetlands. It first lives inside the snail and then goes to live in a tadpole (蝌蚪). It then enters the tadpole's tissue and the developing legs. Consequently, when the tadpole begins to transform into a frog, its “primary system of movement doesn't work — it can't jump or swim，” Johnson said. “That's when the birds” — the parasite's final host — “come and eat the young frogs like popcorn.” The parasite then reproduces inside the birds. When the birds defecate (排泄), the parasite eggs will go out of the birds and make their way back into the snails.
Though the Ribeir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oia parasite occurs naturally in North America, human activities likely have something to do with its population, Johnson noted. For instance, the snails feed on algae (藻类). The polluted water from agriculture and industry into wetlands contains nutrients that improve the algae growth. With more snails in the wetlands, the parasites have more initial hosts to infect, Johnson noted.
“I don't think this ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )story is just about frogs，” Johnson said. The scientists did not specifically measure how many frog populations at the study sites had declined — “though it's quite high”. Overall, though, frog populations will fluctuate widely from year to year, said Erin Muths, a zoologist at the US Geological Survey in Fort Collins, Colorado. Those fluctuations are usually based on an unpredictable resource: water. For instance, sometimes ponds dry up, killing many frog eggs. “These changes make it difficult to tell whether we are looking at a real decline in frogs.” she said.
“This distinc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion is important so that we can know frog populations that are really in trouble, rather than a population that is just having a bad year.”
That's also why ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the new research is solid. She said, “It has a long term aspect and contributes to our understanding of frog decline.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇科研报道。最新研究表明，青蛙畸形现象继续在美国西部各州蔓延，而且青蛙的数量也在减少。
5．From the text we know that ________.
A．the frogs with more legs can move more quickly and jump higher
B．the deformed frogs are now spreading all over the spots
C．the locations with deformed frogs have changed over the years
D．there are more deformed frogs in the known hot spots
解析：选C　细节理解题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据文章第四段最后一句“‘But what was most surprising was that the locations had changed greatly over the last decade.’”可知，答案C符合文意。
6．The underlined word ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“fluctuate” in the 8th paragraph probably means “________”．
A．boom B．increase
C．remain D．change
解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )倒数第三段倒数二、三句“Those fluctuations are usually based on an unpredictable resource: water.For instance, sometimes ponds dry up, killing many frog eggs.”可知，青蛙数量的多少与水源有关，因为水源的变化会引起蛙卵数量的变化，故答案D符合文意。
7．The right order f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or the life cycle of Ribeiroia parasites is ________.
a．the parasites live in tadpoles
b．Ribeiroia eggs go out with the bird's defecation
c．the parasites live in the snails
d．the parasites reproduce in the birds that eat deformed tadpoles
A．a, d, b, c B．b, a, d, c
C．c, a, d, b D．d, b, c, a
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第六段第一句“The Ribeiroia parasite has a complex life cycle, which begins with the snail ...”和第二句“It first lives inside the snail and then goes to live in a tadpole (蝌蚪)．”可知，c发生在第一位，由此可知，答案C符合文意。本题可用排除法。
8．Which of the following is TRUE according to Pleter Johnson
A．The population of frogs is not really in trouble.
B．Human activities may contribute to the increase of the parasites.
C．Polluted water kills more frogs than the parasites do.
D．Future studies will be carried out to study the frog's decline.
解析：选B　正误判断题。根据文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )七段第一句“Though the Ribeiroia parasite occurs naturally in North America, human activities likely have something to do with its population, Johnson noted.”和最后一句“With more snails in the wetlands, the parasites have more initial hosts to infect, Johnson noted.”可知，parasite的出现与人类的活动有关，而人类活动又导致了parasite有更多的寄主，为其数量的增加提供了条件。故答案B符合文意。
B卷
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2014·皖南八校联考)We alw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ays want what we cannot have. When we're young, we want to stay out late, have romantic relationships and be __1__. However, when we're __2__， we want to go back to being young and we __3__ the days when we didn't have to worry about complex love affairs, __4__ pressure and money problems.
Young people belie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve adulthood __5__ freedom from parents and schoolwork. When they get older, they feel that __6__ is freedom from work pressure and family responsibilities. To __7__ this feeling, people say, “The grass is always __8__ on the other side of the fence.”
As __9__， we li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke to be like adults but as young adults, we __10__ to be young again. We think about staying out late and __11__ our own money to spend. Suddenly, we see that love can result in __12__ hearts; staying out late makes it hard to get ready for __13__ the next morning. We find out that adult life is not as __14__ as we thought it would be and suddenly, __15__ becomes very scary.
Life is __16__. It gives us time to __17__ but also requires us to work. The time will come when we must grow up and we will always look back wishing we __18__ being young a bit longer. That time will not come back. It is normal to want what we cannot have but the __19__ is that to be happy is to appreciate what we have. That is the first step to grow up. __20__ life becomes more complex, we will not regret the time we wasted wishing we were adults.
语篇解读：本文是议论文。众所周知，人们的生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )活就像围城——进去的想出来，外面的想进去。同样，小孩子想长大，大人们却想回到小时候。其实，无论怎样，只要开心就好。
1．A.comfortable　　　　　　 B．dependent
C．polite D．independent
解析：选D　句意：当我们年轻的时候，我们想 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在外面待到很晚，想有恋爱关系，想独立(independent)。此处与第二段第一句中的“freedom from parents and schoolwork”相呼应。故答案D符合文意。
2．A.defeated B．older
C．married D．confident
解析：选B　句意：然而，当我们长大一些( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )older)的时候，我们想回到小时候。根据“However”可知，前后两句为转折对比关系。因此，此处应填older，与上文“When we're young”形成对比。
3．A.like B．forget
C．miss D．regret
解析：选C　句意：而且我们会 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )怀念(miss)那些日子，那时我们不必担心复杂的谈情说爱。此处与上文中的“we want to go back to being young”相呼应。故答案C符合文意。
4．A.job B．study
C．age D．health
解析：选A　句意：我们也 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不用担心工作压力和钱的问题。此处与第二段第二句中的“freedom from work pressure and family responsibilities”相呼应。故答案A符合文意。
5．A.creates B．shows
C．limits D．means
解析：选D　句意：年轻人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )认为，成年意味着(means)没有父母的约束，没有学校作业。此处与下文“... is freedom from ...”结构和句意相呼应，故答案D正确。
6．A.adulthood B．childhood
C．parenthood D．neighborhood
解析：选B　句意：当他们长大些时，他们认为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，小时候没有工作压力和家庭责任。此处与上文“adulthood ________ freedom from parents and schoolwork”相呼应。故答案B符合文意。
7．A.reduce B．experience
C．describe D．understand
解析：选C　句意：为了描述(describe)这种感觉，人们常讲：篱笆另一边的草总是更绿。
8．A.thinner B．greener
C．yellow D．colorful
解析：选B　句意：篱笆另一边的草总是更绿(greener)。
9．A.researchers B．adults
C．teenagers D．elders
解析：选C　句意：作为青少年，我们想成为成年人。此处与but后的“young adult”形成对比和呼应。故答案C符合文意。
10．A.decide B．wish
C．return D．stop
解析：选B　句意：但是作为成年人，我们又想 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(wish)回到小时候。此处与最后一段第三句中的“wishing ... being young a bit longer”相呼应。故答案B符合语境。
11．A.making B．worrying about
C．having D．showing off
解析：选C　句意：我们想在外面待 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到很晚，有自己的钱可以花。根据固定搭配“have sth. to do (有……可以做某事)”可知，答案C正确。
12．A.healthy B．ambitious
C．excited D．broken
解析：选D　句意：突然，我们意识到爱会让我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们心碎(broken)。此处与下文“staying out late makes it hard ...”的感彩一致。故答案D符合文意。
13．A.breakfast B．school
C．work D．exercise
解析：选C　句意：晚上在外面待得太晚会影 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )响到第二天的工作准备。此处与第一段最后一句中的“worry about complex love affairs, ________ pressure and money problems”相呼应。故答案C符合文意。
14．A.rich B．busy
C．poor D．easy
解析：选D　句意：我们发现成年人的生活不像我们之前想得那样容易(easy)。此处与第二段前两句意思相呼应。故答案D符合文意。
15．A.love B．life
C．career D．future
解析：选B　句意：突然，生活(life)变得如此可怕。此处与最后一段第一句“Life is ________.”相呼应。故答案B符合文意。
16．A.long B．fair
C．short D．beautiful
解析：选B　句意：生活是公平的(fai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r)。此处与下文“It gives us time to ________ but also requires us to work.”相呼应。故答案B符合文意。
17．A.study B．think
C．live D．play
解析：选D　句意：它给我们玩(play)的时间，同时也要求我们去工作。此处与but后的“work”形成对比。
18．A.stopped B．imagined
C．enjoyed D．tried
解析：选C　句意：当我们长大的时候，我们就 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )必须成长，但这个时候我们总是希望能够再享有(enjoy)年轻更长一点时间。此处与下文中的“appreciate what we have”照应。
19．A.reason B．result
C．truth D．dream
解析：选C　句意：想要拥有自己没有的东西这个很正常，但是事实(truth)是：开心享有我们所拥有的。
20．A.When B．If
C．Unless D．Before
解析：选A　句意：当生活变得更 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )加复杂时，我们不会为我们曾经浪费了我们想成为成年人时的那些时光而后悔。此处与上文中“The time will come when we must grow up ... being young a bit longer.”的句子结构相同，故答案A符合文意。if“如果”；unless“除非”；before“在……之前”，均不符合语境，故排除。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2014·南京第二次调研)Si ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nce the beginning of the year, smog has covered parts of North China. In January, Beijing saw only five days without smog. The rising PM2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory (呼吸系统) and heart diseases.
Later, news of pollute ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d underground water in some provinces scared people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe.
So the need to em ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )phasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere.
Smog is especially a c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ommon concern. As a popular online post said, air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone, despite your income or profession. People with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices, but they breathe the same air as everyone else.
At a meeting on Monday ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), many representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality, too. One talked about his experience in Beijing. “After taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel, which took about an hour, I washed my nose and found the inside of my nose was black. We should ask ourselves this question: Why do we want to develop It's for living a better life. Dirty air is definitely not a better life，” he said.
China needs to devel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )op its economy and invest (投资) in high tech. Every Chinese has a dream to make China stronger. But without blue sky, clean water and safe food, the achievements in the economy will become meaningless. Space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on Mars so that one day all human beings can move to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth.
What the public wants ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is a strong and beautiful China. The great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and build a beautiful China. The words have shown the central government's determination to address the environment issue.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。今年北京的雾霾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )天气引起了许多人对环保重要性的重视，我们不能只关注经济而忽视了我们赖以生存的环境，因为发展是为了生活得更好。
1．The effect of smog doesn't include ________.
A．the rising of PM2.5 readings
B．more people suffering diseases
C．the increase of people's income
D．patients increased in hospital
解析：选C　细节理解题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第一段第三句“The rising PM2.5 ...more patients suffering acute respiratory (呼吸系统) and heart diseases.”可知，雾霾导致PM2.5值升高，许多人因呼吸疾病、心脏病突发而住院。故答案选C。
2．Why has smog become a common concern
A．Because people have to pay higher prices.
B．Because nobody can avoid it.
C．Because we have to develop industry.
D．Because a popular online post discussed it.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )知，空气面前人人平等，不管你的职业是什么，都呼吸一样的空气。因此空气一旦被污染，谁都没有办法不受影响，所以大家都特别关注空气质量。故答案选B。
3．To make China stronger we have to develop economy, but ________.
A．we have to sacrifice air as the price
B．the dirty air is not what we want
C．ecological progress can be ignored
D．the smog is the only byproduct
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章倒数 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二、三段可知，固然我们要发展经济使国家强大，但发展经济不能以牺牲环境为代价，否则发展就变得没有任何意义了。故答案选B。
4．From the last two paragraphs we can infer that ________.
A．high tech can completely solve the problem of pollution
B．space technologies should be developed in a large scale
C．we can move to Mars after the earth has been destroyed
D．we must protect the environment while developing economy
解析：选D　推理判断题。文章最后两段强调了我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们既要发展经济、科技，建设一个强大的国家，但同时也要保护生态环境，创造一个美丽的国度。故答案选D。
Ⅲ.书面表达
(2014·无锡高三模拟)图片反映的是中学生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )暑期游览大学校园的情景。作为一名高三学生，请根据下表提示，就目前普遍存在的中学生暑期游览名牌大学的现象用英语给校报“英语角”写一篇短文。
名校游的积极作用 休闲旅游、调节身心、了解名校、体悟学术氛围、激发学习热情、明确努力目标
名校游的负面作用 影响正常秩序、给高校压力、带来安全隐患
你自己的看法 ……
注意：1.短文须包括所有要点，可适度发挥，以使行文连贯。
2．词数150左右，开头已经给出，但不计入总词数。
3．不得提及本人姓名和所在学校。
Visiting famous unive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rsities during summer holidays is gaining popularity among high school students.____________________________________________________________________
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参考范文：
Visiting famous ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )universities during summer holidays is gaining popularity among high school students.
In recent years, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )many high schools have been organizing visits to famous universities during summer holidays. Obviously, it is beneficial for us high school students.
Firstly, it's a good ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) way to relax ourselves, which is good for us both physically and mentally. Secondly, by visiting those famous universities we can get to know more about them and can experience the academic atmosphere there. Moreover, these visits can inspire us to set higher goals and arouse our enthusiasm to work harder at our lessons.
However, the v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )isits can have negative impacts on the part of the universities. Too many visitors on campus can disturb the normal school life there, which is a great pressure for the universities concerned. Furthermore, it may cause safety problems as well.
In my opinion, visit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing universities during the holidays is a good idea, but we must make sure that it does not become a burden for the universities.