2015《三维设计》高考英语（江苏专用）大一轮复习配套讲义：必修五Unit 3　Science and nature（单词集释+短语集释+句型集释）

Unit 3　Science and nature
　第三层级——背范文、学润色，让作文洋气十足
(2013·湖北高考)请根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。
We all know that “st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icks and stones may break our bones”， but we should also be aware that words can hurt people, too.　
注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；②除诗歌外，文体不限；③文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；④词数为120左右。
My deskmate a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dmires m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y fluent English very much and I usually feel encouraged by his compliments.One day, when we lear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ned the new word “eccentric” in class(时间状语从句), we were asked to make a sentence with it.I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is an eccentric boy whose clothes never fit him (定语从句)”. Hearing this (现在分词短语作状语), the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate's face turned red.After class, I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if he hadn't been helped by others (虚拟语气)．My mindless words must have hurt him deeply.Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways (倒装句式)．We should avoid hurting others if we can't always be encouraging when we speak. 　　Useful_as_words_are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(尽管话语是有用的。使用as引导的让步状语从句), they can also be harmful if_applied_improperly(如果运用不恰当。使用状语从句的省略句式)．Once there was a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )classmate of mine, Jim, who_was_rather_fat (他相当肥胖。使用非限制性定语从句)．He was a little bit upset for not being confident in his own appearance and figure.Worse still, other_classmates'_laughing_at_him (其他同学嘲笑他。使用动名词短语作主语) made him even more sensitive.On purpose, the classmates called Jim “fatty” and “stout”， which hurt him much.From then on, Jim ceased to talk with others any longer; neither_did_he_participate_in_any_class_activities (他也不参加班级活动。使用倒装句式)．Too grieved and scared, he then dropped out of the school.It_was_the_hurtful_words_that_turned_Jim_into_such_a_miserable_situation (正是伤人的话才让吉姆陷于痛苦的境地。使用强调句式)．Words can stab people in the back and we should be aware of them so as not to hurt others' feeling.
(Ⅰ)单词拼写
1．John was adopted (收养) as a baby, he never knew his natural parents.
2．Mistakes due to care ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lessness may have serious consequences (结果) so do be careful.
3．We are looking for someone who is reliable (可靠的) and hard working.
4．Examination ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) confirmed (证明) that the quality of the products was up to specifications.
5．In no case ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) should WE sacrifice principles for economic profits (利润)．
6．An agreement seem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s to be impossible because the majority (大多数) of the committee members are against it.
7．A major breakthro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ugh (突破) in negotiations has been achieved, which delighted us.
8．American footba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll is quite different from the ordinary (普通的) football.
9．Blow are brief summaries (概括) of these conclusions.
10．To remove any amb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iguity (歧义) we have to acquire more accurate (准确的) information.
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空
1．What he did yest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erday showed his anxiety (anxious) to please his customers.
2．Going to college ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )brought about a dramatic transformation (transform) in her outlook.
3．I can't make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that decision for you, you will have to use your judgement (judge)．
4．Careful considera ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion (consider) should be given to issues of health and safety.
5．He received honours ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and awards from the government for his contribution to agricultural (agriculture) production.
6．We shall hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to bring in professional (profession) advisers to help us with this job.
(Ⅲ)语境填词
1．I never intended ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )things to turn out the way they did and I had left with the intention of finding a better job for her. (intend)
2．I am frightened t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o watch the horrible film, because the scene in it is so frightening that I nearly was frightened to death. (frighten)
3．We need to ask our ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) parents for permission before we start the journey.If they don't permit us to take a journey, we must wait for another time. (permit)
1．I'm burnt_out (累垮) because of too much work — I need a holiday.
2．Whatever happens, we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) must push_ahead_with (努力推进) our plans to increase production.
3．On_the_one_hand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I have to work; on_the_other_hand (一方面……，另一方面……) I have many visitors to see.
4．If you're sure to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) set the company on its feet, they want to follow_in_your_footsteps (效仿你)．
5．Everything taken_i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nto_consideration (认真考虑), her plan seems more practicable.
6．Of course, not everyone was in_favour_of (赞成)reform at the outset.
7．He spoke in gen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eral and could not get across his point_of_view (观点) to the audience.
8．When the mistake ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was pointed_out (指出) to him, he hastened to correct it.
9．And more policies ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and measures are put_in_place (准备就绪) in this regard and hopefully, they will work.
10．China will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )continue its policy of opening to the outside world on a broader scale, rather_than (而不是) back away from it.
【短语归纳】
1．on the one hand ... on the other hand ...
　　　　　　　　　　　 一方面……另一方面……
2．push ahead with 义无反顾地进行，努力推进
3．in summary 概括地说
4．open up 打开；开发
5．point of view 观点
6．be/get burnt out 耗尽体力，累垮
7．follow in one's footsteps 效仿某人
8．in favour of 赞同，支持
9．take ... into consideration 认真考虑
10．point out 指出
11．put ... in place 准备就绪，布置妥当
12．rather than 而不是
1．The first m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.
第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。
[解读]　the first (＋n./pron.)后常接不定式作定语。
[仿写]　中国在任何时候决不首先使用核武器。
At no time will China be the_first_to_use nuclear weapons.
2．The boy was more frightened than hurt.
这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。
[解读]　more ... than ...与其说……倒不如说……
[仿写]　与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。
He is more lucky than clever.
3．Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.
转基因食品就是最好的例子。
[解读]　本句中的nowhere 与形容词比较级连用表示最高级含义。
[仿写]　我以前从没听过比这更好的故事。
I have never heard a better story before.
一、常考词汇细点拨
1．intention n．[U，C]意图，目的；企图
[教材原句]　Although he re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )searches cloning, his intention has never been to creat copies of humans.
尽管他研究克隆，但他的目的绝不是塑造人类的复制品。
have no intention to do sth./of doing sth. 无意做某事　　　　　
with the intention of 抱有……目的，打算
by intention 故意地
without intention 无意中，不是故意地
①I hope you can forgiv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e my rudeness. I really had no intention of behaving that way.
希望你能原谅我的无礼。我那样的举动，实在并非有意。
②He said he didn't do it by_intention and asked you to forgive him.
他说他不是有意而为之并且请求你原谅他。
2．adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳
[教材原句]　‘I don't want t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o adopt someone else's child — if I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby right now.’
“我不想领养别人的孩子——如果我有这个机会，我会立即要一个克隆婴儿。”
For disabled p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eople，“adopting a wheelchair” is not a temporary experiment.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ完形)
对残疾人来说，“采用一个轮椅”不是一个临时的实验。
[名师指津]　adopt与adapt 是容易混淆的形似词，adapt意为“适应”。
[一言串记]　The young ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. After a few months, the orphan came to adapt to his new life.
这对年轻夫妇没有自己的孩子，领养了一名孤儿。几个月过后这个孤儿渐渐适应了他的新生活。
3．consequence n．[C]结果，后果
[教材原句]　If we toy with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) nature, we will have to deal with the consequences.
如果我们玩弄自然，我们将不得不应付各种后果。
as a consequence ＝ in consequence 因此，结果
in consequence of ＝ as a consequence of
由于……的缘故，因而
answer for the consequences 对后果负责
take/suffer/face/deal with the consequences
承担后果
of no/little consequence 无足轻重的，不重要的
①As a consequence, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.(2013·福建高考书面表达)
结果，孩子们变得如此依赖他们的父母，他们没有独立的想法或创意。
②If you drive thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s car without a licence, you'll have to answer_for_the_consequences!
如果你没有驾照就要开这辆车， 你就得对所产生的后果负责！
③Both sides think of the point as of no consequence.
双方都认为这一点不重要。
[联想归纳]　表示结果的表达还有：
①as a result　②lead to　③result in　④contribute to
4．majority n．多数，大多数
[高考佳句]　She says ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen，but also to provide real answers.(2013·湖南高考阅读简答)
她说来找她的人大多数是处理一些非常沉重的问题，并且他们希望她不仅仅聆听，还要她提供真正的答案。
(1)in a/the majority 　　　　　 占大多数
a/the majority of 大多数……
by/with a majority of 以大多数……
(2)minority n. 少数
in the minority 占少数
①In the general population, right handed people are in the majority.
在一般人中， 惯用右手的人占大多数。
②Our country is a t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raditional agricultural society, with a majority of farming population.
中国是一个传统的农业社会，农村人口占绝大多数。
③In general, boys ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are very much in_the_minority at the dancing class.
普遍来说，舞蹈班里男生占极少数。
[名师指津]　the majority作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可；The majority of＋
④The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
大部分损失容易补救。
[链接高考]
(2011·湖南高考)One thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd of the country ________ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________black people.
A．is; are 　　　　　　　　　 B．is; is
C．are; are D．are; is
解析：选A　 句意：这个国家的三分之一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )被森林覆盖，而且大多数公民是黑人。one third of the country 指“ 一个国家的三分之一”， 后面的谓语动词应用单数形式；the majority of后面的citizens 为复数意义，故谓语动词用复数形式。
5．frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐
[教材原句]　While ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) many people are excited about these new technologies, these same technologies frighten others.
尽管许多人对这些新技术感到兴奋，而其他人则对这些同样的技术感到害怕。
(1)frighten ... away/off　　　 把……吓跑，吓走
frighten sb.into/out of doing sth.
恐吓某人做/不做某事
(2)frightened adj. 惊恐的
be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事
be frightened of 对……感到害怕
be frightened to death 被吓得要死
(3)frightening adj. 令人恐惧的
①The purpose of m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any of the festivities is to frighten away bad spirits.
很多这样的庆祝仪式都是为了吓走妖魔鬼怪。
②I was completely frustrated and frightened.
我非常沮丧又害怕。
③The mothers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are frightened of the children going camping, for they may get lost in the mountain.
妈妈们害怕孩子们去野营，因为他们可能在山里迷路。
④Unless we act, we are confronting an even more frightening future.
除非我们采取行动，否则我们将面对更加恐惧的未来。
二、间考词汇自识记
1．transform vt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态
transform ... (from ...) into ... 把……(从……)变为……
2．confirm vt.& vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信
①confirm sb. in ... 使某人在……方面更加坚定
②confirm sb. in the belief 使某人坚信
③It is/has been confirmed that ... 　已经确定……
This latest infor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mation confirms me in the belief that he is to blame.
这一则最新消息使我坚信他该受到责备。
3．permission n．准许，许可，批准
①ask for permission　　　　　　请求许可
②give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事
③with sb.'s permission 在某人许可的情况下
I need to call my dad and ask for permission before we go out.
我们出去之前，我得给我爸打个电话征得他的同意。
[单词对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·苏南五校联考)Y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou can take the rest of the pie with you. ________， I wish you would, since I'm on a diet.
A．On the other hand　　　　 B．As a matter of fact
C．As a consequence D．On the contrary
解析：选B　句意：你可以带走剩下的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )馅饼。事实上，因为我在节食，所以我希望你带走它。on the other hand“另一方面”；as a matter of fact“事实上”；as a consequence“结果”；on the contrary“正相反”。
2．(2014·湖北黄冈高 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三质检)Is college, which is supposed to be a place for academic interests and independent thinking, being ________ into a factory only producing professionals for a certain trade
A．transported B．transformed
C．transferred D．transplanted
解析：选B　句意：大学，这个本 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )该是培养学术兴趣与独立思考的地方，是不是正在被转变为一个工厂，只会为某一特定行业培养专业人员？transform“使改观，使转化”，符合题意。transport“运输”；transfer“转移，换乘”；transplant“移植”。
3．(2014·天津十二区县联考)It is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) necessary to ________ your flight at least one day before you take it.
A．confirm B．evaluate
C．consult D．negotiate
解析：选A　句意：乘飞机之前，至少提 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )前一天确认一下你乘坐的航班是有必要的。confirm“确认”，符合句意。evaluate“评价，估价”；consult“咨询，查询”；negotiate“协商，谈判”。
4．(2014·苏州高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )检测)At the meeting, young people graduating from the famous university were in the ________.
A．distance B．majority
C．market D．event
解析：选B　句意：在会上 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )毕业于名牌大学的年轻人占大多数。in the distance“在远处”；in the majority“占大多数”； in the market“在市场上”； in the event“结果”。
5．(2014·南京第一中学模拟)P ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aul's mother had him ________ because she couldn't look after him herself.
A．adapted B．adopted
C．received D．kept
解析：选B　句意：保罗的母亲因为自己无力抚养他，便将他送给别人收养了。adapt“改编，适应”；adopt“收养，领养”，符合句意。
Ⅱ.多维演练
　intention面面观
1．完成句子
①他为了和家人共度新年而回来。
He returned with_the_intention_of spending New Year with his family.
②如果我伤了你的感情那完全是无意地。
If I've hurt your feelings, it was quite with_the_intention_of.
2．(2014·泰州高三调研)Nowa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )days working parents find that, while they have good ________ to read bedtime stories to their children, it's hard to fit it into their busy schedules.
A．intentions B．suggestions
C．choices D．advantages
解析：选A　句意：如今上班族父母发现虽然 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他们很愿意在孩子睡觉前给他们读故事，但是将这件事写入他们忙碌的工作日程中非常困难。intention“意图，打算”，符合句意。suggestion“建议，提议”；choice“选择，抉择”；advantage“有利条件，优势”。
　frighten多棱镜
1．完成句子
①看到这可怕的情景，我差点吓死。
I was nearly frightened_to_death at the terrible sight.
②她害怕晚上一个人独自外出。
She was_frightened_of going out alone at night.
③当看到吓人的蛇正向他们爬过来时，所有的孩子都害怕地大叫起来。
All the children be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )came_frightened and began to cry when they saw the_frightening_snake creeping towards them.
2．(2014·皖南八校模拟)He felt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) rather ________ that she should drive the car at such a ________ speed.
A．frightening; frightening B．frightened; frightening
C．frightened; frightened D．frightening; frightened
解析：选B　句意：他感到相当害 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )怕，她竟然以令人恐怖的速度开车。frightened“受惊吓的”，指人的感受；frightening“令人害怕的”，指事物的性质。
1．on the one hand ... on the other hand ...
一方面……另一方面……
[经典例句]　On the one ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hand they'd love to have kids, but on the other (hand) they don't want to give up their freedom.(牛津P792)
一方面他们想要孩子；另一方面他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。
①On one hand, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )loss implies gain; on the other hand, gain implies loss.
塞翁失马， 安知非福； 塞翁得马， 安知非祸。
[名师指津]　on the one hand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的the可以省略；on (the) one hand和on the other hand成对出现时，第二个hand可以省略。
[辨析比较]　 on the one ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd ... on the other (hand), for one thing ... for another (thing) ...
试一试　选择以上结构填空
②This story is unsuita ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ble. For_one_thing it's too long; for_another it's too dull.
③On_the_one_han ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d,_Mary taught English; on_the_other_(hand) she learned Chinese.
辨一辨
on the one hand ... on the other (hand) ... 意为“一方面……另一方面……”，常用来表述一个事物的两个方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等
for one thing ... for another (thing) ... 意为“首先……，再者……”，陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致
2．follow in one's footsteps效仿某人
[教材原句]　I understand th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at other countries have already begun trying to clone human beings, but this does not mean that we should follow in their footsteps.
我明白其他国家已经开始尝试克隆人类，但这并不意味着我们应该效仿他们。
①She works in television, following in her father's footsteps.
她继承了父亲的事业，在电视行业工作。
follow one's example　　　　 以某人为榜样
follow one's advice/directions 听从/遵循某人的建议/指示
follow the crowd 随大流，从众，按照大众的意思做事
as follows 如下，如下所述
②The father doesn't want his children to follow_his_example.
父亲不希望孩子们以他为榜样。
③My son could ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) not follow the teacher's directions, he told me, and thus, Scola was disrupting the class.(2013·陕西高考阅读D)
我的儿子不听从老师的指示，因此，他告诉我斯科拉是在扰乱课堂。
3．in favour of赞同，支持；有利于
[教材原句]　Would ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anyone say that development should be stopped in favour of nature
有人说为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗？
①Immediately those ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) who are in favour of the proposal raised their hands.
那些赞成这个建议的人立即举起了手。
(1)favour sb./sth.　　　 喜欢，偏袒，支持
(2)in sb.'s favour 对某人有利
do sb.a favour ＝ do a favour for sb.
帮某人忙
ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮个忙
do sb. the favour to do sth./do sb.a favour by doing sth. 给某人帮忙做某事
②Too many voices in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the scientific community have been raised in_his_favour.
科学界对他的支持声很大。
③Please do me the favour to give my best wishes to her.
请代我向她问好。
[链接高考]
(2011·湖北高考)When a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside______younger men.
A．in terms of B．in need of
C．in favour of D．in praise of
解析：选C　 句意： 当被问及对校 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )长的看法时， 许多老师倒宁愿他退下来支持更年轻的人。 in terms of “就……而言”；in need of“需要”；in favour of“赞同， 支持”；in praise of“赞扬”。 根据语意可知应选C。
[短语对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.选词填空
for sale， push ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ahead with， in favour of， point of view， follow in one's footsteps， take ... into consideration
1．Look at the matter purely from the scientific point_of_view.
2．Throughout the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) years, he has also inspired many young architects to follow_in_his_footsteps.
3．Sorry, this string of pearls is on display, and not for_sale.
4．We've come to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e conclusion that we must push_ahead_with our plans to go on travelling.
5．Everything taken_into_consideration,_I think it is a good plan.
6．It's understanda ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ble that parents are in_favour_of their youngest child.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·无锡一中高三检测) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I am all ________ trying to find ways to save money, but we have to maintain certain standards of quality.
A．in favour of B．in memory of
C．in honor of D．in search of
解析：选A　句意：我完全赞同尽力找到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )节省钱的方法，但是我们必须维持一定的质量标准。in favour of“赞成，支持”； in memory of“为纪念”； in honor of“为了对……表示敬意”；in search of“寻找”。
2．(2014·连云港模拟)—What do you think of the poems
—They are beautif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ul to read but ________， they are hard to understand.
A．in addition B．on the other hand
C．as a consequence D．in particular
解析：选B　根据题意“读起来很美”及“很难理解”可知选B项。on the other hand“另一方面”。
3．(2014·皖北协作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )区高三联考)He ________ his plan for dropping out of the university regardless of his parents' opposition.
A．pushed along B．pushed ahead with
C．pushed for D．pushed forward
解析：选B　句意：他不顾父 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )母的反对，毅然按照自己的计划从大学退学了。push ahead with “义无反顾地进行”，符合句意。push along“把……推向前”； push for“一再强烈要求”；push forward“继续前进”。
1．The_first_mamm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al_to_be_cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.
第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。
句中不定式短语to be cloned ...作后置定语修饰the first mammal。用不定式作定语的几种情况：
(1)用来修饰被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, no, all, any等限定的中心词。
(2)用来修饰某些抽象名词，常见的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有： ability, chance, promise, way, opportunity, need, attempt, time等。
(3)表示将来。
①Amy was the only person to arrive at the top of the mountain.
艾米是唯一一个到达山顶的人。
②Practice is the only way to_learn_a_language_well.
学好一门语言的唯一途径就是实践。
③You'll have the o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pportunity to_ask_any_questions at the end of the meeting.
会议快结束时，你们将有机会提问任何问题。
2．The boy was more frightened than hurt.
这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。
句中的more ... than ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )...结构意为“与其说……倒不如说……”，此结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比，more和than后接不定式、形容词、副词的原级、名词或介词短语等两个并列成分。
①Don't be too hard on him. He's more cheated than stupid.
别对他太苛刻了，与其说他愚蠢倒不如说他被欺骗了。
no more than　　　　 仅仅；只不过
no more ... than ... 和……一样不……
not more than 不超过
not more ... than ... 没有……那样……
more than 多于，超过；不仅仅；非常，很；超出
②Once is more than enough. How can you do it again
一之为甚， 其可再乎？
③This story is no m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ore interesting than that one. ＝ Neither this story nor that one is interesting.
这个故事和那个故事一样都没趣。
④This story is n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot more interesting than that one. ＝ This story is not so/as interesting as that one.
这个故事不如那个故事有趣。
[句型对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．运用语言的能力，只能通过不断练习才能获得。
The_ability_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to_use_a_language can be acquired by the act of using the language.
2．对我来说，音乐与其说是一种爱好，还不如说是一种生活方式。
For me, music is more a way of life than an interest.
3．攻下这一关，其他问题就好办了。
Once this difficulty ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is overcome, other problems will be easy_to_solve.
4．我的童年比任何人都快乐。
No human being could have passed a happier_childhood_than myself.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·太原高三一模)I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f I have any further news, you will be the first person ________.
A．knew B．known
C．knowing D．to know
解析：选D　句意：如果我有进一步的消息，你会是第一个知道的人。名词前有序数词修饰，其后一般用不定式作定语，故选D。
2．(2014·常州高三模拟)—Do you need any help, Lucy
—Yes. The job is ________ I could do myself.
A．less than B．more than
C．no more than D．not more than
解析：选B　答话人同意接受对方的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )帮助，由此可知，这项工作超出了答话人的能力范围。more than＋从句“超过……的能力范围”，符合题意。less than“少于”；no more than“不过，仅仅”；not more than“至多，不超过”。
过去分词
1．(2014·南京外国 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语学校诊断)In my opinion, keeping dogs well ________ up is advisable for dog owners.
A．to tie B．being tied
C．tied D．to be tied
解析：选C　句意：依我看，把狗 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )拴好对狗主人来说是明智之举。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作宾语补足语，且tie和dogs之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用tie的过去分词形式，表示状态。
2．(2014·张家界模拟) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ with children's pictures, the walls of the classroom look better.
A．Having decorated B．Being decorated
C．To be decorated D．Decorated
解析：选D　句意：在孩子们的图片的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )装饰下，教室的墙更好看了。分析句子结构可知，decorate与the walls之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用decorate的过去分词形式。再结合句意可知decorate这一动作已经完成，故选D。
3．(2014·池州一中月考)Eyes_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______， I see the moon so bright; Head________， in homesickness I am drowned.
A．raised; bending B．raised; bent
C．raising; bending D．raising; bent
解析：选B　句意：床前明月光，疑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。 Eyes________和Head________是独立主格结构，eyes与raise之间，head与bend之间均为被动关系，故分别用过去分词形式。
4．(2014·长沙一中模拟)Wage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s ________ to migrant workers accounted for 65.7 percent of the total income of rural households.
A．paying B．paid
C．to pay D．pay
解析：选B　句意：支付给农民工的工资占农 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )村家庭总收入的65.7%。根据句意可知，此处应用分词作定语，因为wages与pay之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
5．(2014·太原五中模拟 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))The traffic problems we are looking forward to seeing ________ should have attracted the government's attention.
A．solving B．solve
C．to solve D．solved
解析：选D　句意：我们期 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )待解决的交通问题应该引起政府的重视。seeing的宾语为the traffic problems，空格内应填宾语补足语，由于solve与the traffic problems之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
6．(2014·盐城模拟)The sol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dier rushed into the cave, his right hand ________ a gun and his face ________ with sweat.
A．held; covered B．holding; covering
C．holding; covered D．held; covering
解析：选C　句意：这位战士右手端着枪， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )脸上满是汗水地冲进了山洞。根据句子结构可知，逗号后面是独立主格结构，his right hand与hold是主动关系，故用holding，而cover与his face是动宾关系，故用covered。
A卷
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·徐州高三模拟)When ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) she heard her son had been admitted to a key university, words couldn't ________ her excitement.
A．convey　　　　　　　 B．explain
C．conduct D．distinguish
解析：选A　句意：当听说她的儿子 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )已经被一所重点大学录取时，她的激动无法用言语表达。convey“运送，表达”，符合句意。explain“解释”；conduct“实施”；distinguish“辨别”。
2．(2014·蚌埠九中模 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )拟)General secretary Xi Jinping urged Washington ________ concrete measures to loosen high tech export controls to China.
A．adopting B．to adopt
C．adopted D．to be adopted
解析：选B　句意：习近平总书记敦促 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )华盛顿采取具体措施放宽对华高科技出口管制。urge sb. to do sth.“敦促某人做某事”；adopt measures“采取措施”。
3．(2014·江苏潼阳中学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )模拟)It is reported that one third of the food Americans eat ________ upon foreign raw materials and the great majority of the people ________ used to it.
A．depends; get B．depends; gets
C．depend; get D．depend; gets
解析：选A　第一空的主语是one th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ird of the food，谓语动词的数与food保持一致，应用单数形式；第二空的主语是the great majority of the people表示“大多数人，大部分人”，谓语动词的数与people保持一致，用复数形式。
4．(2014·湖北荆州高三质检)We u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se passwords (密码) to keep our personal information secret and safe, but some passwords we use may not be as ________ as we think.
A．accurate B．appropriate
C．complex D．reliable
解析：选D　句意：我们使 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用密码来使得个人信息安全保密，但我们所用的有些密码可能并不像我们所认为的那样可靠。reliable“可靠的，可信赖的”，符合句意。accurate“准确的，精确的”；appropriate“恰当的，合适的”；complex“复杂的，难以理解的”。
5．(2014·无锡高三检测)—It is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reported on TV this morning that a group of college students went on an exploration in Huangshan, ________ in the mountain because of their losing the way.
—Yes, I know. W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orse still, in order to rescue them, many soldiers went to help, ________ one of them to lose his young life.
A．trapped; caused B．trapping; causing
C．trapped; causing D．trapping; caused
解析：选C　句意：“据今天上午电视报道， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一群大学生去黄山探险，由于迷路而被困在山中。”“是的，我知道。更糟糕的是，为了营救他们，很多士兵去帮忙，结果一名士兵献出了年轻的生命。”trap与college students之间是动宾关系，故第一空应该用过去分词表示被动；第二空表示结果，应用现在分词作状语。故选C。
6．(2013·安徽高考)—How did your interview with the manager go
—________ He see ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )med interested in my experience, but he didn't ask for references.
A．Perfect! B．I'm not sure.
C．That's right. D．Couldn't be better.
解析：选B　句意：“你觉得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )与经理的面试怎么样？”“我不确定。他好像对我的经历感兴趣，但他并没有求证。”根据空格后的句子可知说话人持一种模棱两可的态度。故选B。
7．(2014·泰州高三模拟)Man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) made failures are a(n) ________ problem for IT professionals, particularly when it comes to inexperienced users.
A．common B．usual
C．normal D．ordinary
解析：选A　句意：人为故障对 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )IT专业人士来说是一个常见的问题，尤其对于那些没有经验的人。common“普通的，常见的”，指常常发生的、不足为奇的，符合句意。usual“通常的，惯常的”，可用于一切频繁发生的事；normal“正常的”；ordinary“通常的，普通的”，有日常的、随时都可以碰到的含义。
8．(2014·宿迁模拟)—Could y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou do me a ________ and take the box up to the sixth floor
—With pleasure. No problem at all.
A．favour B．good
C．pleasure D．kindness
解析：选A　do sb.a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )favour“帮某人一个忙”。根据第一人所说的“... take the box up to the sixth floor”可知A项符合句意。
9．(2014·合肥八中模拟) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )—Don't you think Sam is the best person for the position He is very wise.
—I don't quite agree. He is ________ wise.
A．more kind than B．as kind as
C．not so kind as D．kinder than
解析：选A　句意：“难道你不认为萨姆 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最适合这个职位吗？他很聪明。”“我不很同意。与其说他聪明不如说他善良。”more ... than ...“与其说……倒不如说……”。
10．(2014·江苏泗阳中学模拟 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))It made our head teacher angry ________ Wang Lin, without the ________ from the school, was absent from class for a week.
A．that; permission B．which; permit
C．which; permission D．that; permit
解析：选A　句意：王琳未经学校允许旷课一周 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，这使我们的校长很生气。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，而且引导词在从句中不作成分，故应用that引导。permission“允许，许可”；permit“许可证”。
11．(2010·陕西高考)His ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) first book ________ next month is based on a true story.
A．published B．to be published
C．to publish D．being published
解析：选B　句意：下个月要出版的他的第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一本书是以真实的故事为基础的。由next month可知用动词不定式表示将来，publish与book之间存在被动关系，故可排除C项。
12．(2014·湖北襄阳高三调 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )研)He's a fashion designer who's always swum against the stream; his work is very ________.
A．original B．ridiculous
C．contemporary D．abnormal
解析：选A　句意：他是时装设计师，总是不随大流；他的作品很有独创性。根据句意可知应选original“有独创性的”。
13．(2014·宁波抽样检测)Ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rty's disability is “one in a million”. ________， there are not many people in the world like him.
A．In other words B．All in all
C．For one thing D．On the other hand
解析：选A　句意：Mart ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y的障碍是“一百万分之一”。换句话说，世界上不是很多人都像他那样。in other words“换句话说”，符合句意。
14．(2014·苏州高三质检)________ some people claim they can predict the future, there is no scientific basis behind it.
A．As B．Once
C．While D．Because
解析：选C　句意：尽管一些人们声称能预 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )知未来，但这些都没有科学依据。as“因为、随着”；once“一旦”；while“尽管，然而，当……的时候”；because“因为”，由语境可知选C。
15．(2014·安徽两所名校联考)A s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urvey ________ by the UN shows developing countries are particularly attractive to tourists.
A．being conducted B．conducted
C．having been conducted D．to be conducted
解析：选B　句意：联合国的一项调查显示，发展 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中国家特别吸引游客(去旅游)。conduct和survey之间是动宾关系，所以空白处应用过去分词作后置定语。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2014·阜阳一中高三模拟)Anyo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne who has ever lost keys or money will have wished for a simple but effective way to make sure it never happens again. A US company is trying to help.
Using a tiny ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) microchip which is implanted into the arm, they have come up with a replacement for cash or credit cards that cannot be left at home or dropped on the bus.
The Verichip is abo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut the size of a grain of rice and works using radio frequency identification technology. At a shop, a radio frequency “reader” would send a signal and the chip in your arm would respond with your unique identity number. That would give the “reader” your financial information, and money could be taken directly from your accounts and you wouldn't even have to reach for your wallet.
The company al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )so hopes to include other information on the chip, such as medical records, building security codes (密码) and passwords, making life even easier.
But not ever ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )yone is happy with the developments. Critics say that a lot can go wrong with the chip. A clever thief could build a fake (假的) reader that would steal your information without you knowing. So your money could still be stolen. Privacy is a big issue too. Stores, or even the government, only need to track the chip to find out what you buy, how much you spend and where you go.
And if you w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anted to get rid of your chip, you would need an operation to remove it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种可以植 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )入人体的芯片，以防止钱包、钥匙等的丢失。由于该芯片仍存在安全隐患，移除时要动手术，故仍需要进一步改善。
1．The Verichip is ________.
A．the identity number B．the security code
C．a tiny microchip D．a radio reader
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可推知，Verichip是一种微型芯片。故C项正确。
2．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.
A．how the Verichip works
B．the importance of the Verichip
C．the development of the Verichip
D．how money is taken from your accounts
解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第三段第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“... and works using radio frequency identification technology.”及该句下文举例说明该芯片的工作原理可知，本段主要介绍Verichip芯片的工作原理。故A项正确。
3．Which is true of the Verichip
A．Your information on it will always be safe.
B．Medical records have already been included.
C．You can easily reach for your wallet using it.
D．An operation has to be performed to remove it.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).. you would need an operation to remove it.”可知，若要移除该芯片需要动手术，故D项正确；根据第五段第三句“A clever thief could build a fake (假的) reader that would steal your information without you knowing.”可知，该芯片仍不安全，故A项错误；根据第四段中的“The company also hopes to include other information on the chip, such as medical records ...”可知，B项错误；根据第三段最后一句中“... and you wouldn't even have to reach for your wallet.”可知，C项错误。
4．What can be inferred from the text
A．All people are satisfied with the chip.
B．The Verichip company has financial problems.
C．The chip needs improving to be widely accepted.
D．Many people have the experience of losing keys or money.
解析：选C　推理判断题。通 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )读全文可知，该芯片虽然可以免去人们丢失钱包、钥匙等烦恼，但是仍然不是绝对安全的，而且移除时要动手术，所以仍需要进一步改善。故C项正确。
5．The author' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s purpose of writing the text is most likely to ________.
A．warn B．advertise
C．compare D．introduce
解析：选D　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以植入人体的芯片。故D项正确。
B
(2014·温州市十校联考)A cyclic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (周期的) drop in the sun's radiation can cause unusually cold winters in parts of North America and Europe, scientists say, a finding that could improve long range forecasts and help countries prepare for snowstorms.
Scientists have known ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for a long time that the sun has an 11 year cycle during which radiation measured by sunspots on the surface reaches a peak then falls. But explaining a clear link to weather has proved harder.
“Our research confirm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s the observed link between solar change and regional winter climate，”lead author Sarah Ineson of the UK Met Office told the reporters in an email. The study was published in the journal Nature Geoscience on Monday.
Her team focused on d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ata from the recent solar minimum during 2008 2010, a period of unusual calm for the sun and extreme winters in the United States and parts of Europe that shut down air travel and disrupted (使混乱) business.
The researchers fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )und that a reduction in ultraviolet (UV，紫外线) radiation from the sun can affect high altitude wind patterns in the Northern Hemisphere (半球), causing cold winters.
“While UV levels w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on't tell us what the day to day weather will do, they provide the exciting prospect of improved forecasts for winter conditions for months and even years ahead. These forecasts play an important role in long term possibility planning，” Ineson, a climate scientist, said.
Ineson and co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lleagues from Imperial College London and the University of Oxford used satellite data that more accurately measures UV radiation from the sun and found a much greater change than previously thought.
They found that in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )years of low activity, unusually cold air forms high in the atmosphere over the tropics (回归线). This causes a redistribution (重新分配) of heat in the atmosphere, making easterly winds that bring freezing weather and snowstorms to northern Europe and the United States and milder weather to Canada and the Mediterranean.
When solar UV radiation is stronger, the opposite occurs.
Ineson's team used th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e data in a complex computer model that simulates (模拟) long term weather patterns. The model successfully reproduced what scientists have observed happening in the upper atmosphere during changes in solar radiation.
More study was needed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), though. A key uncertainly in the experiment lay in the satellite data used, because it covers only a few years. “So questions remain concerning both accuracy and also applicability to other solar cycles，” she said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇研究报道。科学家们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )通过研究发现，周期性太阳辐射下降会在北美和欧洲部分地区引发异常寒冷的冬季气候。这项发现不仅能推进长期气候预测，还有助于各国预测暴风雪的到来提前采取应对措施。
6．The new finding ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) claims cold winters in the North Hemisphere can be caused by ________.
A．a sharp rise in the amount of sunspot
B．a complex computer model simulation
C．a clear link between the sun and the earth
D．a decrease in the sun's UV radiation
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第五段内容可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )知，研究人员发现，太阳紫外线辐射的减少可能会影响北半球高海拔地区风的模式，进而产生寒冬。故答案选D。
7．It has long been known by scientists that ________.
A．UV radiation can affect high altitude wind patterns
B．there's a clear link between the sun's activity and weather
C．they can predict day to day weather conditions from UV levels
D．the sun's radiation reaches a peak every eleven years
解析：选D　细节理解题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第二段第一句“Scientists have known for a long time that the sun has an 11 year cycle”可知，很久以前科学家就发现太阳辐射有11年的周期。故答案选D。
8．According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the passage, the following statements are correct EXCEPT ________.
A．the resear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch team used a complex computer system to monitor the atmosphere
B．the new finding could improve long term weather prediction
C．the years 2008 2020 were a period when the sun's radiation fell
D．extreme winters affected air travel and business in parts of Europe
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第七段内容和倒数 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二段第一句“Ineson's team used the data in a complex computer model that simulates (模拟) long term weather patterns.”可知，研究人员使用的是卫星数据，他们把这些数据输入到复杂的电脑模型中去模拟长期的气候模式，并不是说它们用复杂的电脑系统去监测气候。因此A项表述错误。故答案选A。
9．What will happ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en if the sun turns into years of high activity according to the finding
A．Canada and the Mediterranean will have milder weather.
B．Burning hot weath ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er will appear in northern Europe and the United States.
C．Freezing cold ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )weather will appear in northern Europe and the United States.
D．The whole Northern Hemisphere will suffer from extreme winter day.
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据倒数第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三段和倒数第四段内容可知，在太阳活动的安静期，热带地区的高空大气中会形成少量的冷空气。这导致大气中热量的再分配，引发东风，并将寒冷的气候和暴风雪带到北欧和美国，给加拿大和地中海地区送去较为温和的气候。当太阳紫外线辐射增强时，则会出现相反的情况。因此可推知，在太阳活动强烈时，北欧和美国的气候会很炎热。故答案选B。
10．It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A．the research does ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n't seem accurate enough due to limited satellite data used
B．long term weathe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r conditions can be accurately predicted depending on UV levels
C．climate scien ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tists have just begun their research in severe weather forecast
D．research have analyzed the data collected in eleven years
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最后一段前两句“More study was needed, though. A key uncertainly in the experiment lay in the satellite data used, because it covers only a few years.”可知，由于只使用了几年的卫星数据，研究的结果似乎还不够准确。故答案选A。
B卷
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2014·徐州高三抽测)The New ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )York Times published an article recently that shows great regret for the “death of conversation”. It suggests that while technology such as cell phones, e mails, and Internet posting makes us feel more __1__ than ever, they're also driving us __2__ from people around us.
Users get final conne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ctivity __3__ the price of __4__ face to face conversation. Sherry Turkle, author of the article in The New York Times says people are __5__ to a different way of being “alone together”．
Actually, __6__ text ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) messages or wring micro blogs allows us to __7__ thoughts. __8__ bits and pieces of online cannot __9__ a “real conversation.” Lan Guo, 19, a freshman English major from Changsha University, said that she would like to hear people's tone of voice and see their faces in a(n) __10__. “The give and take of ideas in a conversation sharpens our minds.” she said. She also mentions that __11__ ourselves in mobile technology reduces our chance of starting conversations with strangers and __12__ people.
Turkle mention ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed the popular __13__ of “I share, therefore I am” among this generation. Liu Xuan, a young writer from Taiwan and psychology graduate from Harvard University, thinks it's a mindset adopted by most young people. They are so busy creating or polishing their online persona (网络人格) that they forget how to live a(n) __14__ life. For example, they may __15__ more about blogging about attending a party rather than enjoying being __16__.
__17__， expe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rts remind us that it's unfair to blame mobile technology. Chen Chen, a sociology expert at China Youth & Children Research Center, points out that it is still owners of gadgets, such as cell phones and tablets, who're avoiding personal __18__. We take advantage of these devices to hide ourselves __19__ others. Texting messages or calling may be a(n) __20__ to avoid contact with others, such as having eye contact. “Only by strengthening conversation can we understand each other. Simply throwing away the mobile gadgets is not a solution.” she said.
语篇解读：本文为一篇议论文。现代科技的发展导致了人们之间面对面对话的减少，但这不能完全归咎于科技的进步。
1．A.received　　　　　　　　 B．shared
C．connected D．respected
解析：选C　句意：《纽约 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时报》最近刊登了一篇文章。表达了对于“对话的死亡”的遗憾。文章表明尽管像手机、电子邮件和网路发布信息等科技使我们感觉比以往联系更加密切，但它们也隔离了我们与周围人们的交往。A项意为“被接受的”；B项意为“共享的，共用的”；C项意为“有联系的，连接的”；D项意为“受尊重的，受尊敬的”。
2．A.off B．back
C．away D．down
解析：选C　drive off意为“驾车离 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )开，驶去”；drive back意为“驾车返回，击退”；drive away意为“驾车离开，把……驱走，赶走”；drive down意为“压低，使上升”。根据语境可知，此处表示“我们与周围的人的联络少了，关系疏远了”。故答案选C。
3．A.beyond B．at
C．for D．above
解析：选B　句意：使用者以牺牲面对面对话为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )代价，得到这种最终的联系(使用终端的联系)。at the price of ...意为“以……为代价”，为固定短语，故答案选B。
4．A.having B．risking
C．sacrificing D．sharing
解析：选C　A项意为“拥有”；B项意为“冒险”；C项意为“牺牲”；D项意为“分享”。根据语境可知，答案应选C项。
5．A.related B．committed
C．devoted D．accustomed
解析：选D　句意：文章的作者Sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erry Turkle说，人们现在习惯了一种不同的方式——“孤独地在一起”。be related to意为“与……有关，与……有联系”；be committed to与be devoted to意为“献身于，致力于”；be accustomed to意为“习惯于”。根据句意可知，答案应选D项。
6．A.sending B．getting
C．reading D．taking
解析：选A　句意：事实上，发信息或写微博能够让我们交流思想。发信息应用send一词，故答案选A。
7．A.change B．exchange
C．deliver D．raise
解析：选B　A项意为“改变”；B项意为“交 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )换，互换”；C项意为“发送，递送，接生”；D项意为“举起，饲养”。交流思想应用exchange一词，故答案选B。
8．A.So B．And
C．Or D．But
解析：选D　句意：但是，这种点滴的在线联 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )络不能代替“真正的谈话”。根据上下句逻辑关系可知，此处表示转折关系，因此应用but一词。故答案选D。
9．A.indicate B．replace
C．cover D．involve
解析：选B　A项意为“表明，指示”；B项意为“代替，替换”；C项意为“覆盖，占据”；D项意为“涉及，卷入”。根据语意可知，答案应选B项。
10．A.conversation B．computer
C．party D．Internet
解析：选A　句意：她说她想要在对话中听 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人们的语调和看他们脸上的表情。根据句意和上文提到的“real conversation”可知，此处指她喜欢真正与人接触的现实对话。
11．A.abandoning B．joining
C．burying D．attaching
解析：选C　句意：她也提到陷入到手机科技之 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中使我们减少了与陌生人交谈和与人们见面的机会。bury oneself in ...意为“致力于……埋头于……”。
12．A.interviewing B．introducing
C．knowing D．meeting
解析：选D　A项意为“采访”； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )B项意为“介绍”；C项意为“知道，认识”；D项意为“见面，遇到”。根据句意可知，此处指“与别人见面”，故答案选D。
13．A.feeling B．concept
C．fact D．truth
解析：选B　句意：Turkle提到了在这代人当中流行的“我分享，故我在”的观念。“我分享，故我在”是这代年轻人持有的一种“观念”。
14．A.colorful B．interesting
C．real D．meaningful
解析：选C　句意：他们忙于创造或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )完善自己的网络人格而忘记了如何去过真正的生活。这里是对“网络生活”和“现实生活”进行对比说明，因此应用real一词。
15．A.worry B．care
C．ask D．debate
解析：选B　句意：例如，他们可能会更在意写博客记录所参加的聚会而不是在参加聚会时真正的享受。根据语意可知，答案选B。
16．A.there B．out
C．down D．in
解析：选A　根据句意可知，此处表示“他们在那里时享受，即他们在参加聚会时得到享受”。故答案选A。
17．A.Therefore B．Altogether
C．Instead D．However
解析：选D　句意：但是，专家也提醒我们：责备 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )移动科技是不公平的。根据上下文内容可知，上文讲述的是现代科技让人们远离了真正的谈话，说的是现代科技的弊端。此处是说责备科技是不公平的。所以，上下文逻辑上为否定转折的关系。因此，应用however一词。故答案选D。
18．A.information B．space
C．contact D．management
解析：选C　句意：但陈晨指出，依然 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是像手机等这些现代化小设备阻止了人与人的联系。A项意为“信息”；B项意为“空间”；C项意为“联系”；D项意为“管理”。根据上文内容和下文的“contact”一词可知，此处表示人们之间的“联络”。故答案选C。
19．A.from B．of
C．behind D．under
解析：选A　句意：我们利用这些设备去隐藏自己 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，远离他人。hide ... from ...意为“把……藏起来不让……发现，避免……”，符合语意，故答案选A。
20．A.approach B．source
C．result D．excuse
解析：选D　句意：发短信或者打电话可能是想要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )避免与人接触的借口。根据下文的“such as having eye contact”可知，人们打电话或者发信息是避免与人接触的“借口”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2014·南京高三模拟)For cen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )turies, in the countries of south and Southeast Asia, the elephant has been an important part of the culture, economy and religion. And nowhere more so than in Thailand. Unlike its African cousin, the Asian elephant is easily domesticated (驯化). The rare so called white elephants have actually lent the power of royalty to its rulers, and until the 1920s the national flag was a white elephant on a red background. To the early Western visitors, the country's romantic name was “Land of the White Elephant”．
Today, however, the st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ory is very different. Out of work and out of land, the Thai elephant struggles for survival in a nation that no longer needs it. The elephant has found itself more or less deserted by previous owners who have moved on to a different economic world and a society in the western part. And while the elephant's problems began many years ago, now it has a very low national advantage.
How does the national ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) symbol turn into ignored animals It is a story or worse environment and the changing lives of the Thais themselves. According to Richard Lair, Thailand's expert on the Asian elephant and author of the report Gone Astray, at the turn of the last century, there may well have been as many as 100,000 national elephants in the country.
In the north ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of Thailand alone, it was estimated (估计) that more than 20,000 elephants were employed in transport, 1,000 of them alone on the road between the cities of Chiang Mai and Chiang Saen.
This was at a time whe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n 90 percent of Thailand was still forest — a habitat that not only supported the animals but also made them necessary to carry goods and people.Nothing ploughs through thick forest better than lots of sure footed elephants.
By 1950 the elepha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt population had dropped, but still to the number of 13,397. However, today there are probably no more than 3,800, with another 1,350 wandering free in the national parks. But now, Thailand's forest covers only 20 percent of the land. This deforestation (采伐森林) is the central point of the elephant's difficult situation, for it has effectively put the animals out of work. This century, as the road network grew, the elephant's role as a beast of burden decreased.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。由于经济的迅速发展和森林采伐已经使曾经是泰国象征的白象沦落到连生存都成问题的地步。
1．What can we know about African elephants from the passage
A．It is easy to domesticate them.
B．It is hard to domesticate them.
C．They are living a better life than Asian elephants.
D．Their fate is quite similar to that of Asian elephants.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“Unlike its African cousin, the Asian elephant is easily domesticated (驯化)．”可知，答案B正确。C、D两项文中并未提到，可排除。
2．Thailand was once ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lled “Land of the White Elephant” because ________.
A．white elephant was a national symbol until the 1920s
B．white elephant is rarely seen and thus very special
C．white elephant has helped kings to gain the ruling authority
D．this name was so romantic that it was popular among visitors
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二句“The rare so called white elephants ... and until the 1920s the national flag was a white elephant on a red background.”可推知，答案A正确。
3．Why is the Thai elephant “out of work”， according to the author
A．Because there are too many elephants but too few jobs.
B．Because the elephants can't do labor work any longer.
C．Because the government pays little attention to the problem.
D．Because the elephants are no longer useful to their owners.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二段的第二句“... the Thai elephant struggles for survival in a nation that no longer needs it”可知，答案D正确。
4．Which of the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ollowing statements is TRUE about the elephant population at various times
A．There were 100, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )000 domesticated elephants at the turn of the last century.
B．20,000 elephants w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere employed in transport in Thailand at the turn of the century.
C．By 1950 the elephant population in Thailand has been quite small.
D．Today the elephant population is estimated at 5,150.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章最后一段的第二句“However, today there are probably no more than 3,800，with another 1,350 wandering free in the national parks.”可计算：3 800＋1 350＝5 150，故答案D正确。
5．The passage is most probably from ________.
A．a travel magazine B．a history book
C．a research report D．an official announcement
解析：选C　文章出处题。根据文章第三段的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第三句“According to Richard Lair ... the report Gone Astray, at the turn of the last century ...”和对全文的整体理解可知，本文很有可能摘自一篇研究报告，故答案C正确。
Ⅲ.任务型阅读
(2014·南通高三二调)
Do You Play to Win — or to Not Lose
In what kinds of sit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uations are you most effective What factors strengthen or weaken your motivation People answer these questions in many different ways. Now studies show us a way of grouping people into types on the basis of personality nature that does predict performance: promotion focus or prevention focus.
Motivational focus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) affects how we approach life's challenges and demands. Promotion focused people see their goals as creating a path to gain or advancement and concentrate on the rewards that will accumulate when they achieve them. They are eager and they play to win. You'll recognize promotion focused people as those who are comfortable taking chances, who like to work quickly, who dream big and think creatively. Unfortunately, all that chance taking, speedy working, and positive thinking makes these individuals more likely to make mistakes, less likely to think things through and usually unprepared with a plan B if things go wrong. That's a price they are willing to pay, because for the promotion focused, the worst thing is a chance not taken, a reward unearned, a failure to advance.
The promotion focused ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are likely to find “artistic and investigative” careers, as musicians, copywriters, inventors, and consultants. These tend to be think outside the box jobs, in which people are rewarded for creative thinking, and being practical isn't emphasized.
Prevention focused pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ople, in contrast, see their goals as responsibilities. They worry about what might go wrong if they don't work hard enough or aren't careful enough. They are cautious and play to not lose, to hang on to what they have, to maintain the status quo (现状). They often try to stay safe, so their work is more thorough, accurate, and carefully considered. To succeed, they work slowly and carefully. They aren't usually the most creative thinkers, but they may have excellent analytical (分析的) and problem solving skills. While the promotion minded bring lots of ideas, good and bad, it often takes someone prevention minded to tell the difference between the two.
Studies show that pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )evention focused individuals are likely to take up what organizational psychologists call “conventional and realistic” work, as administrators, bookkeepers, accountants, technicians, and manufacturing workers. These occupations require knowledge of rules and regulations, careful performance, and a propensity (癖好) for thoroughness — they are jobs in which attention to detail is what really pays off.
Although every ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one is concerned at various times with both promotion and prevention, most of us have a dominant (占支配地位的) motivational focus. It affects what we pay attention to, what we value, and how we feel when we succeed or fail. It determines our strengths and weaknesses, both personally and professionally.
　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
答案：(1)Purpose/Aim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　(2)based　(3)performance　(4)accumulating/achieving/earning　(5)creative　(6)carelessly/imperfectly　(7)responsibility　(8)risk　(9)analyzing　(10)poor/weak
个人情感与人际关系类
[精读语篇](2013·山东高考阅读理解A)
Jimmy is an automot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago.He has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.
One day, he gathered u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8：30.While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand.When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service.Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview.Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview.It's the least I could do.Please.I insist.” Jimmy agreed.
Upon arrival, Jim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )my found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.One by one, the applicants left the interviewer's office with disappointed looks on their faces.Finally his name was called.The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window.Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed？” Jimmy's heart sank.“With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview？” he thought to himself.
Then the interv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iewer turned the chair and to Jimmy's surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning.It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.
“Sorry I had t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into the office.I just know you'd be a trustworthy worker.Congratulations！” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.
[题目试做](建议用时：8分钟)
56．Why did Jimmy apply for a new job
A．He was out of work.
B．He was bored with his job.
C．He wanted a higher position.
D．He hoped to find a better boss.
57．What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview
A．A friend's car had a flat tyre.
B．A wild man was pushing a car.
C．A terrible car accident happened.
D．An old man's car broke down.
58．Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride
A．He was also to be interviewed.
B．He needed a travelling companion.
C．He always helped people in need.
D．He was thankful to Jimmy.
59．How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer's question
A．He was sorry for the other applicants.
B．There was no hope for him to get the job.
C．He regretted helping the old man.
D．The interviewer was very rude.
60．What can we learn from Jimmy's experience
A．Where there's a will, there's a way.
B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C．Good is rewarded with good.
D．Two heads are better than one.
[读文样板]
一、理清文章脉络
吉米冒着求职面试迟到的危险去帮助一个老人修车，结果证明，他在帮助别人的同时，也帮助了自己。
第一段：吉米的情况介绍。
第二段：吉米在求职面试等车时帮助了一位老人修车，并搭乘老人的车去公司面试。
第三至五段：吉米面试时发现老人便是那家公司的经理，并得到了那份工作。
二、破解阅读障碍
(一)怎样破解生僻词汇
1．automotive adj.汽车的；自动的
破解方法：构词法。auto (自动的)＋motive (发动的)：能自动发动的或提供动力的即自动的或汽车的＝automotive
2．workforce n．劳动力；工人总数
破解方法：构词法。work (工作)＋force (力量)：能工作的力量即为劳动力＝workforce
3．land n．土地vt.成功得到，赢得
破解方法：熟词新义。由语境可知此处是指为自己“赢得”一份工作。
(二)怎样破解长难句
译文：在等开往他就要去参加面试的公司的公共汽车时，他看到一位老年人正在狠狠地踢他自己的汽车轮胎。
译文：抱歉，我让你久等了，但是我非常肯定我做出了正确的决定，那就是在你走进这个办公室之前我就决定让你成为我们员工中的一分子。
[解题样板]
56.吉米为何要找一份新工作？ 信息源 选项特征
A.他失业了。 第一段第一句 合理推断
B.他讨厌他现在的工作。 文中未提及 无中生有
C.他想要一份更高职位的工作。 文中未提及 无中生有
D.他希望能找到一位更好的老板。 文中未提及 无中生有
[分析]　选A　根据第一段第一句中的“but ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) he lost his job a few months ago”可知，吉米找工作是因为他失业了，所以选A。
57.吉米在去面试的路上看到了什么？ 信息源 选项特征
A.一个朋友的车爆胎了。 第二段 张冠李戴
B.一个疯子正在推他的车。 第二段 曲解文意
C.一次可怕的车祸。 文中未提及 无中生有
D.一位老人的车坏了。 第二段第四句 合理推断
[分析]　选D　根据第二段，尤其是其中的“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )While waiting for ...he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car.Obviously there was something wrong with the car.”可知，他看到一位老人的车出故障了。故选D。
58.为何这个老人让吉米搭车？ 信息源 选项特征
A.他也要参加面试。 文中未提及 无中生有
B.他需要一个旅伴。 文中未提及 无中生有
C.他总是帮助需要帮助的人。 第二段第六句 张冠李戴
D.他感谢吉米。 第二段倒数第二句 合理推断
[分析]　选D　根据第二段最后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )老人说的话“Well, I could take you to the office for your interview.It's the least I could do.Please, I insist.”可知，老人这么做是为了感谢吉米的帮助。故选D。
59.吉米在听到面试官的问题时有何感受？ 信息源 选项特征
A.他对其他参加面试者感到难过。 第三段第三句 曲解文意
B.他没有希望得到这份工作。 第三段第七句 合理推断
C.他后悔帮了那位老人。 第二段第六句 曲解文意
D.面试官很粗鲁。 文中未提及 无中生有
[分析]　选B　根据第三段中的“Jimmy' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s heart sank.‘With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview？’”可知，吉米觉得自己没有希望通过面试。所以选B。
60.从吉米的经历中我们可以了解到什么？ 信息源 选项特征
A.有志者事竟成。 全文 曲解文意
B.患难之交见真情。 全文 曲解文意
C.好心有好报。 最后一段 合理推断
D.两人智慧胜一人。 全文 曲解文意
[分析]　选C　从文中的故事来看，一个人帮助 ( http: