2015《三维设计》高考英语（江苏专用）大一轮复习配套讲义：选修六Unit 1 Laughter is good for you（单词集释+短语集释+句型集释）
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| 名称 | 2015《三维设计》高考英语（江苏专用）大一轮复习配套讲义：选修六Unit 1 Laughter is good for you（单词集释+短语集释+句型集释） |  | |
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选修六Unit 1 Laughter is good for you
第一层级——背词汇、学写句，让作文有话可说
一、背词汇
[常用词汇]
(1)harmony n． 和谐
(2)harm n. 伤害
(3)lack n. 缺乏
(4)environment n. 环境
(5)source n. 来源
(6)nature n. 大自然
(7)habitat n. 栖息地
(8)influence n. 影响
(9)pollute v. 污染
(10)threaten v． 威胁
(11)cause v. 导致
(12)protect v. 保护
(13)pour v. 流出
(14)miserable adj. 悲惨的
(15)unpleasant adj. 使人不愉快的
(16)die out 灭绝
(17)be faced with 面临
(18)leave ... behind 把……抛于脑后
[亮点词汇]
(1)effective adj. 有效的
(2)fantastic adj. 极好的
(3)unfit adj. 不适宜的
(4)make a difference 有影响
(5)for lack of 因缺乏
(6)as a consequence 因此；结果
(7)catch one's eye 引起某人的注意
(8)in one's view 在某人看来
(9)to make matters worse 使事情更糟糕的是
(10)take measures/steps/action 采取措施
二、学写句(按要求完成句子并背诵)
水资源受到了严重的污染，结果，一些水不适宜饮用。 我在欣赏四周的美景时，我看到了一些让人不愉快的事情。
Water sources have become badly polluted.As a result, some of the water is unfit to drink.(使用so ...that结构改写句子) When I was enjoying the beautiful scenery around， I noticed something unpleasant.
Water sources have become so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink. When I was enjoying the fantastic scenery around, something unpleasant caught_my_eye.
(Ⅰ)单词拼写
1．That dress is such a good style (样式) that it will be fashionable for years.
2．We cannot guarantee (保证) the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.
3．It is agreed that a glorious victory could be attained (得到) only by effort and patience.
4．There are various kinds of waves invisible (看不见的) to the naked eye in the aerospace.
5．The woman glared (怒目而视) at the man after he shouted rudely at her.
6．Not satisfied with the drawing, she tore (撕) it up angrily and threw it into the dustbin.
7．Cindy shut the door heavily and burst (突然) into tears. No one in the office knew why she was so angry.
8．At every stage (阶段) of life we take losses and grow in the process.
9．Humor creates a more positive (积极的) emotional climate and helps students to focus.
10．What westerners cannot bear most is to be teased (戏弄) or cheated.
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空
1．China is working on 5G technology (technical), according to the Telecommunication Development Industry Alliance.
2．Typical for China is the crosstalk show, in which two comedians (comedy) entertain the audience with words.
3．We eventually ran out of patience with his childish behaviour (behave)．
4．The exercise can strengthen (strong) your physical quality and restore your spirit.
5．Always read the instructions (instruct) before you start taking the medicine.
6．They were all scholars of action and we appreciate them for their academic (academy) studies.
(Ⅲ)语境填词
1．They both gave different performances and performed so well that it was hard to decide between them. (perform)
2．For amusement,_we go to see a comedy yesterday.The amusing movements of the two comedians amused everybody present. (amuse)
3．Nearly 60 participants from Beijing and neighboring areas participated in the competition. (participate)
1．We must dare to stand_up_for (维护) the truth and dare to correct mistakes.
2．People like to make_fun_of (嘲弄) each other on April Fool's Day.
3．We'd probably come_up_with (想出) better ideas if we join forces.
4．This man had a miserable childhood. His parents both passed_away (去世) when he was six.
5．People made noise in ancient times to drive_away (驱赶) the ghosts from the home.
6．The bus pulled up the bus by the roadside to take_on (接纳) more passengers.
7．Half the houses in the street are being pulled down to make_room_for (为……腾出地方) the new post office.
8．He was just about to leave the office when someone burst_in(闯入).
9．The angry father glared_at (怒视) his son and bent down to pick up the broken telephone.
10．He held_out (伸出) his hand with a gesture which conveyed something of his determination.
【短语归纳】
1．stand up for 支持，维护
2．make fun of 拿……开玩笑；取笑，嘲弄
3．come up with 想出，拿出
4．pass away 去世，亡故
5．drive away 赶走，驱赶
6．take on 接纳；承担；呈现；雇用
7．make room for 为……腾出地方
8．burst in 闯进；突然闯入
9．glare at 对……怒目而视
10．hold out 递出；拿出；伸出
1．Which of the events above do you think will be the funniest
你认为上面哪件事是最有趣的？
[解读] do you think 在句中作插入语，句子结构是：特殊疑问词(作主语)＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分？
[仿写] 今天天气不错。你觉得我们该做什么？
It's fine today. What_do_you_think_we_should_do
2．While this kind of humour may sound cruel, it usually only works if both the comedian and the audience have affection for or admire the person being made fun of.
这种幽默听起来可能有点刻薄，但通常只有当喜剧演员和观众都喜欢或者崇拜这个被取笑的对象时，这种幽默才奏效。
[解读] while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。
[仿写] 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.
3．One such person is Billy Crystal.
一个成功的例子就是比利·克里斯托。
[解读] such与数词或不定代词any, some, no等连用时，常置于这些词之后。
[仿写] 这儿没有这个人。你打错电话了。
There's no_such_person here. You have the wrong number.
一、常考词汇细点拨
1. variety n．[C]品种，(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式 [U]变化，多样化
[教材原句] There are a variety of different styles of stand up comedy.
单口喜剧有很多不同的类型。
(1)a variety of/varieties of 种种，各种各样的
(2)various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的
(3)vary vt. 改变；变更
vi. 变化；不同
vary with ... 随着……而变化
vary from ...to .../between ...and ...
在……和……之间变化
①I've read heaps of books about it and have taken part in varieties of activities.
我阅读了有关它的大量书籍，并参加了各种各样的活动。
②With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.(2013·北京高考阅读A)
用EP便携式加热器，房间的任何地方，温度都不会变化。
③The weather varies_from hour to hour in some mountain districts.
在某些山区天气时刻变化。
[名师指津] (1)a variety of/varieties of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
(2)the variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
④The variety of foods at the restaurant is_limited,_but the amount of each dish is fairly large.
这家饭店里食物的品种是有限的，但每道菜的量是相当大的。
2．behave vi.& vt.表现
[教材原句] Some comedians tell jokes about the way people behave or about daily life.
一些喜剧演员讲述笑话，或与人们行为举止的方式有关，或与日常生活有关。
①How should you behave when you meet someone for the first time？(2012·安徽高考任务型读写)
当你第一次遇到某个人的时候你应该如何表现？
(1)behave oneself 守规矩；举止有礼
behave well/badly (towards sb.)
(对某人)表现好/不好
(2)behaviour n．[U] 行为；举止；态度
②The students behaved badly in the writer's classes because she didn't really understand them.(2013·浙江高考阅读D)
在作者的课上，同学们表现很差，因为她没真正理解学生。
③You had better behave_yourself,_otherwise you'll be made fun of.
你最好规矩一点，否则人家会取笑你的。
3．perform vt.& vi.演出，表演；做，履行；运转
[高考佳句] People who have a positive mind set perform better in the face of challenge.(2012·江苏高考任务型阅读)
面对挑战，有积极心态的人表现得会更好。
(1)perform one's duty/promise/task
履行职责/履行诺言/执行任务
perform/carry out an operation 进行手术
perform a part/role in ... 在……担任角色/发挥作用
perform well/badly 表现好/不好
(2)performance n. 演出，节目；表现
give/put on a performance 表演(节目)
(3)performer n. 执行者，表演者
①They joined hands and performed the most challenging task without a mistake.
他们通力合作毫无差错地完成了这一最富有挑战性的任务。
②The_operation_was successfully performed,_but the patient suffered from shock.
手术进行良好， 但病人发生了休克现象。
③Little does she care what she looks like, all she cares about is her job performance.
她不在乎外表，她在乎的是自己的工作表现。
[链接高考]
(2012·浙江高考)Your ________ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
A．operation B．growth
C．performance D．character
解析：选C 句意：作为学生，如果你养成对自己的学习方法进行反思的习惯，你的表现将会非常出色。performance“表现”，符合句意。operation“手术，操作”；growth“成长”；character“个性”。
4．amuse vt.逗笑，逗乐；提供(消遣)，(使)娱乐
[教材原句] Crystal is popular with all age groups and has the ability to amuse people all over the world.
克里斯托深受各年龄层次人们的喜欢，而且他能逗乐全世界的人。
(1)amuse sb.by/with sth. 用……逗某人开心
amuse oneself 自娱自乐
(2)amused adj. 被逗笑的，愉快的
be amused at/by 被……逗乐，以……为乐
be amused to do ... 做……取乐
(3)amusing adj. 有趣的，好玩的，逗人笑的
(4)amusement n. 消遣，娱乐
to one's amusement 令某人开心的是
①A little rabbit amuses us by its playful and lively runs.(2013·陕西高考任务型阅读)
一只小兔子嬉戏着、活蹦乱跳地跑着，逗我们开心。
②We were_amused_at his funny movements in doing morning exercises.
他做早操时的滑稽动作使我们觉得好笑。
③To_our_amusement,_the boy acted an old woman.
使我们感到好笑的是那个男孩扮演了一个老太太。
5．participate vi.参加，参与
[高考佳句] Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program.(2013·浙江高考完形)
去年春天，我有幸被选中参加交流学习计划。
(1)participate in 参加
participate with sb. in sth. 和某人参与某事
(2)participant n. 参加者，共享者
participation n. 参与；分担；共享
①Besides, wider engagement with participants requires very considerable resource.(2013·湖南高考阅读填空)
此外，参与者的广泛参与需要相当客观的资源。
②It's my great honor to participate_with_you_in the game.
能和你一起参加比赛我感到很荣幸。
[联想归纳] 根据口诀，区别不同的“参加”：
加入组织join选，出席到场attend用；
参加活动起作用，take part in来闹场；
和人一起来活动，join sb. in来凑份；
participate不及物，和in做伴来参加。
6．guarantee vt.& n．保证；担保
[教材原句] Practising is the only way to guarantee a successful performance.
练习是保证演出成功的唯一方法。
①Being a graduate of the Internet “school” of medicine does not guarantee accurate self health checks.(2013·湖北高考阅读D)
医学网校毕业生保证不了准确的自我健康检查。
②Evolution, the theory goes, guarantees survival to the fittest.
物竞天择，适者生存。
(1)guarantee sb. against/from ...
保证某人免受损害、危险等
guarantee to do sth. 保证去做某事
guarantee sb.sth. 向某人担保/保证某事
be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事
(2)(be) under guarantee 在保修期内
③I will guarantee_to_prove every statement I made.
我将保证证实我的每一项声明。
④It's still under_guarantee,_so the manufacturer will repair it.
它还在保修期内，所以厂商会给修理的。
7．instruct vt.教授，传授；指示，命令；告知
[教材原句] He has instructed students from over 70 different countries.
他已指导过来自70多个不同国家的学生。
①The old teachers instruct the young teachers not in words but also by deeds.
这些老教师对年轻的教师言传身教。
(1)instruct sb.to do sth. 指导某人做某事
instruct sb.in sth. 指导某人某事
(2)instruction
obey/follow instructions 遵从指令/指示
(3)instructive adj. 有教育意义的，有启发性的
instructor n. 指导员，教练
②When we reached 13,000 feet, Jay instructed_me_to_throw myself out of the plane.
当我们离地面13 000英尺的时候，杰伊告诉我从飞机上跳下去。
③You are not like a kid obeying instructions any more.
(2012·江西高考阅读B)
你不再像是一个只会遵守指令的孩子。
[名师指津] instruct 作“命令”讲，后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。
④They instructed him that he (should)_leave the country at once.
他们命令他立刻离开这个国家。
[一言串记] What the instructor says is often instructive. Under his instruction, we have all made progress.
教练的话通常是有道理的。在他的指导下，我们都取得了进步。
8．burst vi.猛冲；突然出现；爆裂 vt.使破裂，使破口
[教材原句] Servant bursts in, next to Queen, empty handed and looking worried.
仆人冲上舞台，来到王后旁边，两手空空，看起来很着急。
突然大哭/大笑起来
burst in/into 突然进入
burst out 突然激动地喊叫
①Suddenly, they burst out laughing.(2013·江西高考)
突然，他们大笑起来了。
②The schoolmaster was about to leave when several students burst_into his office.
校长正要离开，这时几个学生闯进了他的办公室。
[名师指津] (1)burst的过去式和过去分词同原形。
(2)burst into和burst out都含有“突然……”的意思，burst into后面多接名词，burst out后面多接v. ing形式。
二、间考词汇自识记
1．trip vi.&vt.绊，(使)绊倒
trip over 绊倒
We didn't move so as not to trip over anything.
我们没有动免得被东西绊倒。
2．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到；达到
attain one's goal 达到目标
Great efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.
我们得经过很大努力才能达到我们的目标。
3．glare vi.怒目而视；闪耀，发出炫目的光 n．怒视；炫目的光
glare at 对……怒目而视
Don't glare at me like that; you deserved scolding.
不要那样瞪着我，你本应该受训斥的。
[单词对点集训]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·扬州高三质检)The children will not be allowed to go to the supermarket if they don't ________themselves.
A．guide B．show
C．act D．behave
解析：选D 句意：小孩子如果不守规矩就不允许进超市。behave oneself是固定短语，意为“行为规矩”，符合题意。guide“指导”；show“展示”；act“行动”。
2．(2014·江苏金陵中学质检)The principle that all teachers, regardless of subject, should________basic standards of competence in maths and English is already accepted by GCSE requirements.
A．attain B．adore
C．adopt D．assess
解析：选A 句意：不管哪科的老师在数学和英语方面都应该达到基本的能力标准，这一原则已经被纳入英国普通中等教育证书要求中。attain“达到，获得”，符合题意。
3．(2014·武汉高三调研)Operate the electrical appliance following the________attached in the box, or you'll be at risk.
A．instructions B．explanations
C．introductions D．descriptions
解析：选A 句意：按照盒子里的说明书操作电动设备，否则，你会有危险。instructions“说明书，指南”，符合句意。explanation“说明，解释”；introduction“介绍，引进”；description“描写，叙述”。
4．(2014·宿迁模拟)Most children at school hope that they can ________ activities that appeal to them after class instead of just doing their homework.
A．apply for B．participate in
C．stick to D．focus on
解析：选B 句意：在学校的大多数学生都希望课下参加自己喜爱的活动而不是仅仅做作业。apply for“申请”；participate in“参加”；stick to“坚持”；focus on“集中”。
5．(2014·合肥八中高三检测)The little boy was very nervous when he turned up on the stage.He ________ in front of so many people before.
A．hasn't performed B．wouldn't perform
C．hadn't performed D．wasn't performing
解析：选C 句意：那个小男孩刚登台时很紧张。他以前从来没在这么多人面前表演过。由语境可知，此处用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。
6．More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket because it offers a great ________ of goods.
A．variety B．connection
C．combination D．mixture
解析：选A 句意：越来越多的人选择在超市购物，因为它提供各种各样的商品。a variety of“各种各样的”，符合句意。
7．Though many people are ________ by the ________ performances of cheerleaders, they don't think highly of them.
A．amused; amused B．amusing; amusing
C．amusing; amused D．amused; amusing
解析：选D 句意：尽管很多人对啦啦队有趣的表演感到好笑，但他们对他们的评价并不高。amused“感到有趣的”，常修饰人；amusing“有趣的，引人发笑的”，常修饰物。
Ⅱ.多维演练
burst多棱镜
1．介词填空
①The door opened suddenly and the children burst in.
②Don't burst into my office without knocking.
③She burst out crying for a while, and burst into laughter for another moment, which made us at a loss.
2．(2014·南京一中模拟)Hearing the news, she burst into ________ and burst ________ the room.
A．crying; out B．tears; in
C．crying; into D．tears; out of
解析：选D 句意：听到这个消息，她突然哭了起来，并冲出了屋子。burst into tears“突然大哭起来”；burst out of the room“冲出房子”。
guarantee全扫描
1．完成句子
①保证机器运行良好。
The machine is_guaranteed_to_run well.
②他问你你的车是否仍在保修期内。
He asked you if your car was still under_guarantee.
2．一句多译
你能保证按时完成任务吗？
③Can_you_guarantee_to_finish_the_task_on_time？(guarantee v．)
④Can_you_give_a_guarantee_that_you_can_finish_the_task_on_time？(guarantee n．)
3．(2014·黄山高三调研)The 2008 financial crisis has been far away from us, but there's no________that the world economy will not suffer from another similar strike.
A．guarantee B．insurance
C．commitment D．circumstance
解析：选A 句意：虽然2008年的经济危机已离我们远去，但并不能保证世界经济不会受到另一次类似的重创。guarantee“保证，保证书”，符合句意。insurance“保险，契约”；commitment“承诺”；circumstance“情况，环境，情势”。
1．make fun of拿……开玩笑；取笑，嘲弄
[教材原句] The last kind of comedian does impressions — he or she will act or speak like a well known person in order to make fun of that person.
最后一种喜剧演员是做滑稽模仿，他或者她的动作或说话方式都像某个名人，目的是取笑他。
play jokes/a joke/tricks/a trick on ...
开……的玩笑
make jokes about ... 就……开玩笑
have fun 玩得开心
for fun/in fun 开玩笑，不是认真的
①It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.(2013·山东高考完形)
好像除了我每个人都有朋友，都很开心。
②Don't get angry. He is just playing a joke on you.
你别生气，他只不过是在给你开玩笑而已。
③They speak in a humorous way and make jokes about each other whenever they meet.
他们两个只要一见面就颇多谐戏之言，互相开玩笑。
2．come up with提出，想出
[高考佳句] The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.(2013·山东高考阅读C)
设计师说，他在俄罗斯的街道上看到人们淋湿后，才有了这个想法。
keep up with 与……同步，跟上(强调状态)
catch up with 跟上(强调动作)
put up with 忍耐，忍受；熬过
end up with 以……结束
①A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.
一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
②We can't change the bad weather, so we must put_up_with it.
我们改变不了这种坏天气，所以只好忍受它。
3．hold out拿出；递出；伸出；坚持，维持；抵抗
[高考佳句] I'd thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable.(2013·重庆高考阅读A)
我原以为我能坚持到牙医度假回来，但是疼痛实在是难以忍受。
[一词多义] 写出下列句中hold out的含义
①They held out the hand of friendship to me.伸出
②He walked to her and held out a small bouquet of wild flowers递出
③He sat down at the window, held out a book and began to read it.拿出
④Our soldiers held out against the enemy's attacks for a week.抵抗
⑤Such a situation held out for another half a month.维持
hold back 隐瞒；退缩；阻止；抑制
hold on 别挂断；等一等；坚持
hold on to 坚守；保留(房屋、财产等)；抓住
hold up 举起，拿起；支撑；拦住，耽搁
⑥The plane was held up for one hour because of a snowstorm.
因为有暴风雪，所以飞机推迟了一个小时。
[短语对点集训]
Ⅰ.选词填空
1．He wanted to stand_up_for what he believed in.
2．People make_fun_of her because she wears such strange clothes.
3．It was very intelligent of him to come_up_with such a splendid idea.
4．The people standing in the bus moved along to make_room_for others.
5．When we were talking in the study, a bird burst_in.
6．Only by holding_out our hands can we give the opportunity to others to hold us!
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·安徽名校联考)I want to listen to what you have to say because what you have to say might help me ________ something that is going to be the answer eventually.
A．put up with B．keep up with
C．come up with D．go through with
解析：选C 句意：我想听听你会说什么，因为你说的话可能会帮助我最终想出答案来。put up with“忍受，忍耐”；keep up with“与……并驾齐驱，跟上”；come up with“提出，想出(计划/答案等)”；go through with“将……进行到底”。
2．(2014·江苏沭阳五校高三摸底)The pilot said he could only ________for another hour before he would have to land the plane because of lack of fuel.
A．hold out B．hold down
C．hold up D．hold back
解析：选A 句意：那个飞行员说他因缺燃料迫降之前只能再坚持一个小时。hold out“拿出，坚持”，符合题意。hold down“限制，镇压”；hold up“举起，支持”；hold back“阻止”。
3．(2014·姜堰中学模拟)When he first got to the city, he was often________ for his strong accent.
A．made fun B．played a joke
C．made fun of D．made jokes
解析：选C make fun of sb.“取笑某人”；play a joke on sb.“开某人的玩笑”；make jokes about“拿……来开玩笑”。故C项符合语境和短语搭配。
1. Which of the events above do_you_think will be the funniest
你认为上面哪件事是最有趣的？
do you think在句中作插入语，有类似用法的动词还有：hope, believe, suppose, guess, say, suggest等。常见的句型结构有：
(1)特殊疑问词(作主语)＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分(语序不变)
①What do you suppose is the right solution
你认为什么是正确的解决方案？
(2)特殊疑问词＋插入语＋句子其他部分(陈述语序)
②Whom do you think they will make captain of the team
你认为他们会选谁当队长？
[名师指津] do you suggest 作插入语时，其后的句子应使用虚拟语气“(should＋)动词原形”。
③Where do you suggest we (should)_spend_our_holiday
你建议我们去哪里度假？
2．One_such_person is Billy Crystal.
一个成功的例子就是比利·克里斯托。
句中such为形容词，意为“那样的，这样的，如此的”。
(1)such作形容词，当它与数词或不定代词any, some, all, no等连用时，常置于这些词之后；但与不定冠词连用时，则置于不定冠词之前。
(2)such作代词位于句首时，句子需倒装，谓语动词的单复数根据其后的名词决定。
①No such thing as genius; it is nothing but labour and diligence.
世上无天才，勤学加苦练。
②He said he hadn't got time or made some_such_excuse.
他说他没有时间，或是诸如此类的借口。
③Such is Dad — whatever problem he meets with, he never gives up.(2013·天津高考完形)
父亲就是这样——无论他遇到什么问题，都决不放弃。
[句型对点集训]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．您认为我明天下午什么时间可以来见他？
When do you think I_can_come_and_see_him tomorrow afternoon
2．尽管我们取得了不小的成就， 但仍然存在很多问题。
While/Though we has made great achievements, there are still some problems.
3．任何这样的想法都远远不符合事实。
Any_such conception would be very far from the truth.
4．无论发生什么事，我们都不会放弃工作。
We will never give up working, whatever_happens.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·南京三中月考)—________ choose, the blue one or the white one
—It's hard to say. Maybe neither of them.
A．What you believe will she
B．What do you believe she will
C．Which do you believe will she
D．Which do you believe she will
解析：选D 句意：“你认为她会选哪一个，蓝色的还是白色的？”“难说，也许两个都不会选。”由the blue one or the white one可知，这里有选择的范围，所以不能用what来提问。do you believe是插入语，特殊疑问句中有do you believe之类的插入语时，插入语以外的部分用陈述语序。
2．(2014·苏南五校联考)________ dictionary is enough because we can look up all we need in it.
A．One such a B．One such
C．Such one D．A such
解析：选B 句意：这样的一本词典就足够了，因为我们能从中查找我们所需的东西。“one such＋可数名词的单数形式”为固定用法。
非谓语动词(Ⅰ)
1．(2014·山东潍坊高三模拟)This restaurant，________by an old couple, has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack.
A．owning B．to own
C．having owned D．owned
解析：选D A项为现在分词或者动名词一般式的主动结构；B项为不定式一般式的主动结构；C项为现在分词或者动名词完成式的主动结构；D项为过去分词。分析题干可知，own与restaurant之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此，空格处应该使用过去分词。
2．(2014·南京实验中学模拟)It's no good ________ here this e again on Monday.
A．wait B．waiting
C．having waited D．to be waiting
解析：选B 句意：今天上午在这里等是没用的，周一再来吧。在固定结构it's no good/use doing sth.中，it为形式主语，doing sth.为真正的主语。
3．(2014·安徽名校高三联考)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts ________ you failed.
A．to contact B．contacting
C．contacted D．having contacted
解析：选A 句意：在那个遥远的村庄没有信号，因此我怎么也联系不上你。attempt后面应用不定式作定语。
4．A key reform plan, with more than 300 measures________， was adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on November 12, 2013.
A．listing B．listed
C．to list D．to be listed
解析：选B with more than 300 measures________为with复合结构，由was adopted可知，list动作发生在过去，又因为measures与list之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词形式。
5．(2014·淮安模拟)As to fitness, my doctor advised me ________ every morning while my coach advised ________.
A．to jog; swimming B．jogging; swimming
C．to jog; to swim D．jogging; to swim
解析：选A advise后面要接动名词作宾语，接不定式作宾语补足语，即advise doing sth.与advise sb. to do sth.。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·连云港高三模拟)Many people have come to realize that they should go on________ balanced diet and make ________ room in their day for exercise.
A．a; / B．the; a
C．the; the D．/; a
解析：选A 句意：很多人最终意识到他们应该节食，每天抽时间进行锻炼。第一空考查短语go on a diet“节食”；第二空考查短语make room for“为……腾地方；为……让步”。
2．(2014·盐城中学高三调研)The Internet and ________ on campus services, from food delivery to laundry, are fuelling a student culture of staying in dormitories.A student can have every need met without leaving the dormitory.
A．various B．expensive
C．complex D．interesting
解析：选A 句意：网络及各种校园快捷服务的流行，从订餐服务到洗衣服务，促进了校园“宅文化”的传播。足不出户，学生便可以解决一切需求。various“各种各样的”，符合句意。expensive“昂贵的”；complex“复杂的”；interesting“有趣的”。
3．(2014·无锡辅仁中学模拟)To his great surprise, the short man ________ he made fun yesterday turned out to be the interviewer.
A．of whom B．of which
C．on whom D．on which
解析：选A 考查make fun of和“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。of whom he made fun yesterday是定语从句，先行词指人，排除B、D两项；根据make fun of可知，介词应用of，故选A。
4．(2014·皖南八校联考)Mum is coming. What present________ for your birthday
A．you expect she has got
B．you expect has she got
C．do you expect she has got
D．do you expect has she got
解析：选C 句中do you expect为插入语，句式结构为：“特殊疑问词＋插入语＋句子其他部分”，插入语后的句子用陈述语序，故选C。
5．(2014·石家庄高三模拟)—Jack, this is the third time that you have been late this week.
—Sorry, sir, but I was________ for 15 minutes on the way here in the traffic jam.
A．given up B．put up
C．taken up D．held up
解析：选D 句意：“杰克，这是你本周第三次迟到了。”“很抱歉，先生，但我在来这里的路上遇到了堵车达15分钟。”hold up“受阻，延误，耽搁”，符合题意。give up“放弃”；put up“举起；张贴；留宿”；take up“拿起；从事；占据”。
6．(2014·宜宾五校检测)A recent study has ________ an unexpected conclusion that the African elephant should be divided into two different species.
A．kept up with B．made up with
C．caught up with D．come up with
解析：选D 句意：最近的一项研究得出一个意外结论，非洲象应被分成两个不同种类。keep up with“跟上”；make up with“和好”；catch up with“追上”；come up with“提出”。
7．(2014·南京四校联考)—Lucy, read this book — I ________ that you'll be fond of it.
—OK.I'll read it after I have finished my homework.
A．convey B．prove
C．guarantee D．reveal
解析：选C 根据I'll read it可知，第一个说话人是说“露西，看看这本书，我保证你会喜欢它的。”guarantee“保证”，符合句意。convey“传达，表达”；prove“证明”；reveal“显示；揭露”。
8．(2014·合肥八中高三模拟)—Mr.Green will replace Mr.White as our headmaster.You know, he is very strict.
—Oh, my God! We must ________ ourselves.
A．behave B．care
C．enjoy D．amuse
解析：选A 句意：“格林先生将代替怀特先生当我们的校长。你知道，他非常严厉。”“哦，天哪！我们必须规矩点。”behave oneself“守规矩”，符合句意。
9．By the time I saw the job ________ in the newspaper, it was already too late.
A．advertised B．to be advertised
C．advertise D．to advertise
解析：选A 句意：等我看到报纸上刊登的这份招聘广告时已经太晚了。根据语境可知，the job与advertise之间为动宾关系，所以应用动词的过去分词，作the job的定语。
10．(2014·福州五校模考)He suggested that management ________ to promote the process of the projects.
A．be strengthened B．should strengthen
C．would strengthen D．would be strengthened
解析：选A suggest在此表示“建议”，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”，而且从句主语management与strengthen之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。
11．(2014·衡阳高三模拟)Many farmers in the countryside have gone to cities to look for work and leave their children behind ________ by their grandparents.
A．raised B．raising
C．being raised D．to be raised
解析：选D 句意：许多农民到城里打工而将孩子留给他们的爷爷奶奶抚养。根据句意可知，本句话强调“抚养”的动作尚未完成，故选D，不定式表示将来的动作。A项表示被动和完成；B项表示主动进行；C项表示正在发生的被动动作。
12．(2014·南通名校模拟)—Excuse me, Dad, but I am going to the club to meet my friends in the football team.
—OK. ________.
A．Good luck B．Congratulations
C．With pleasure D．Have fun
解析：选D 此处是父亲回答要外出的孩子，have fun表示“玩得愉快”，符合语境。with pleasure “很愿意”。
13．(2014·宿州泗县二中模拟)Both________ and________ laughter do harm to your health.
A．burst into tears; burst into
B．to burst into tear; to burst into
C．bursting into tears; bursting into
D．tear; /
解析：选C tear是可数名词，此处应用复数形式，B、D两项应被排除；选项A不能用作主语，只有C项动名词短语可作主语，且与谓语动词do保持一致，因此C是正确选项。
14．(2014·长沙一中模拟)________ by playing hide and seek games, the children were full of joy.
A．To amuse B．Amused
C．Amusing D．Being amused
解析：选B 句意：孩子们通过玩捉迷藏游戏取乐，快乐极了。the children与amuse是被动关系，故选B。
15．(2014·江苏阜宁中学模拟)—Have you got any news about John, Lily
—He ________ in a job interview the other day and he's waiting for the result.
A．was participating B．had participated
C．is participating D．participated
解析：选D 句意：“丽丽，你有约翰的消息吗？”“他前几天参加了一个求职面试，现在正在等结果。”由the other day 可知，用一般过去时态。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2014·常州高三教学质量检测)About ten years ago when I was an undergraduate in college, I was working as an intern at my University's Museum of Natural History. One day while __1__ at the cash register (收银机) in the gift shop, I saw an elderly __2__ come in with a little girl in a __3__.
As I looked __4__ at this girl, I saw that she was kind of perched (困在) on her chair. I then __5__ she had no arms or legs, __6__ a head, neck and torso (躯干). She was wearing a little white dress __7__ small red dots.
As the couple __8__ her up to me I was looking down at the register. I __9__ my head toward the girl and gave her a wink (眨眼). As I took the __10__ from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the cutest, largest __11__ I have ever seen. All of a __12__ her handicap was __13__ and all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me and almost __14__ gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. She took me from a poor __15__ college student and __16__ me into her world — a world of smiles, love and __17__.
That was ten years ago. I'm a successful business person now and whenever I __18__ and think of the __19__ of the world, I think about that little girl and the remarkable __20__ about life that she taught me.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个身体有缺陷的小女孩，却能微笑着面对世界，带给这个世界爱和温暖。作者由此感慨：当我们遇到任何挫折时，不妨想想这个女孩，也许内心就会充满温暖。
1．A.studying B．sparing
C．looking D．working
解析：选D 根据上句话中的“I was working as an intern”可知，作者是在这里工作，故答案选D。
2．A.wife B．couple
C．husband D．friend
解析：选B 根据第三段第一句中的“couple”和第三段中的“her grandparents”可知，此处应用couple一词。故答案选B。
3．A.case B．bicycle
C．wheelchair D．car
解析：选C 根据故事发生的场合和下文对女孩的描述可知，女孩是个没有四肢的残疾人，由此可知，她是坐在轮椅上的，故答案选C，意为“轮椅”。根据第二段第一句中的“on her chair”也可推出答案。
4．A.closer B．farther
C．sharply D．anxiously
解析：选A 根据语境可知，此处指这个女孩子到了作者跟前，作者能够更近地看到她，故答案选A，意为“更近地”。B“更远地，更深层次地”；C“敏锐地”；D“焦急地”。
5．A.recognized B．realized
C．displayed D．heard
解析：选B 根据语境可知，作者意识到这个小女孩没有胳膊和腿。A“辨认出”；B“意识到”；C“展示”；D“听到”。故答案选B。
6．A.hardly B．nearly
C．almost D．just
解析：选D 此处表示：她只有头、脖子和躯干，故答案选D，意为“仅仅”。
7．A.on B．in
C．with D．for
解析：选C 句意：她穿着一件带有小红点的白色衣服。with在此处意为“具有，带有”，符合语境。故答案选C。
8．A.removed B．wheeled
C．hurried D．lifted
解析：选B 根据语境可知，小女孩坐在轮椅上，所以这对夫妇应该是推着小女孩，故答案选B，意为“推，拉(有轮之物)”。A“去掉，拿掉”；C“匆忙”；D“举起”。
9．A.turned B．waved
C．shook D．sank
解析：选A 根据语境可知，作者正在低头看着收银机，看到小女孩过来时，将目光转向了她，turn符合语境，故答案选A。
10．A.paper B．money
C．gift D．document
解析：选B 根据语境可知，这对夫妇过来结账，所以此处作者收的是钱，故答案选B。
11．A.appearance B．face
C．smile D．surprise
解析：选C 根据下文中的“whose smile just melted me”可知，给作者留下深刻印象的正是小女孩美丽的微笑，故答案选C。
12．A.shake B．sudden
C．surprise D．shock
解析：选B all of a sudden是固定短语，意为“突然，一下子”，符合语境。故答案选B。此处指作者一下子被小女孩的微笑打动了。
13．A.gone B．returned
C．rewarded D．recovered
解析：选A 根据下句可知，作者眼里看到的不再是她的残缺，而是美丽的微笑，故答案选A，意为“消失不见的”，此处gone为形容词。
14．A.probably B．eventually
C．especially D．instantly
解析：选D 此处与上文中“All of a ________”相照应，表示“立刻，马上”，故答案选D。A“可能”；B“最终”；C“尤其”。
15．A.excited B．unhappy
C．frightened D．confident
解析：选B 根据“poor”可知，所选词应为贬义词；结合语境可知，答案选B，意为“不高兴”。
16．A.brought B．forced
C．drew D．carried
解析：选A 句意：她将我这样一个不快乐的穷学生带到了她的世界里。bring ... into意为“把……带入”，符合语境。故答案选A。B“强迫”；C“拖拉”；D“搬运”。
17．A.coldness B．warmth
C．sadness D．regret
解析：选B 根据“love”可知，所选词应该是褒义词，故答案选B，意为“温暖”，与上文中“melted”相照应。
18．A.calm down B．stand out
C．break down D．turn out
解析：选A 句意：我现在是一名成功的商人，并且每当我静下来想到这个世界上的烦心事时，我就会想起那个女孩子，以及她给我上的那堂不同寻常的人生课。A项意为“平静下来”，符合语境。
19．A.intervals B．laughter
C．troubles D．lectures
解析：选C 此处作者要说明小女孩的微笑对他的影响，如同第一次他不快乐时小女孩的微笑让他振作起来一样，所以选C项，此处指作者遇到的麻烦。A“间隔”；B“笑”；D“演讲”。
20．A.lesson B．movement
C．gesture D．habit
解析：选A 根据语境可知，小女孩的微笑让作者对生活有了新的认识，所以小女孩给作者上了一堂不同寻常的人生课，故答案选A。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2014·徐州市第二次教学质量检测)Studies have documented that smiling is a universal and effective way to lift mood. But in the latest research on the power of the smile, researchers led by Marcus Munafo of the University of Bristol in England found that even seeing smiles on the faces of others can have a profound effect on a person's tendency toward violence or aggression — that is, as long as that person recognizes the smile as one of happiness, and not as a sneer (讥笑)．
Munafo and his colleagues conducted a series of experiments involving normal adults and highly aggressive teens referred to a youth program, either by educational authorities or the courts. About 70% of the teens already had a criminal record.
In the first experiment, 40 healthy adults, aged 18 30, looked at facial expressions on the computer ranging from happy to angry with increasingly difficult ones to discern in between. Participants were asked how angry they felt and then had to rate the images as displaying either happiness or anger — there was no option for “unclear” or “unable to tell”. From these ratings, the scientists could generate a score of their preference toward happiness or anger.
Previous research found that aggressive people — including violent offenders — tend to consider even a common expression as an unfriendly one. “You looking at me？” can easily turn a simple question into a tragic fight.
Based on their original scores, half of the participants were then told by the computer that some of the unclear faces that they had rated as angry should have been scored as happy. This was intended to guide them toward judging the in between faces more positively. The other 20 received feedback that simply proved their first choices, creating a control group.
After this training, both groups were tested again and the group that received the biased (有偏见的) feedback shifted its ratings of unclear faces toward the happy side. Participants were also asked to rate their level of angry feelings again after completing the second round of testing. Those who were trained to consider unclear faces as happier reported feeling less angry afterward.
The researchers next focused on the 46 adolescents from the high risk youth program. These teens completed the same testing, but both the youth and the staff reported on the teens' levels of aggressive behavior before the testing started and for two weeks afterward. The teens trained to interpret unclear facial expressions more positively were significantly less aggressive two weeks later.
“The results of our experiments strongly suggest that the understanding of emotional facial expressions plays a causal role in subjective anger and aggressive behavior，”the authors conclude.
That doesn't mean that smiles alone are the answer to violence among adolescents — previous research in which anti social youth were trained to better recognize emotions, for example, did not have any effect on their level of aggressive behavior. But this earlier study focused on improving teens' understanding of clear facial signals, not unclear ones. Since unclear signals are more likely to be misunderstood, it may be that violent behavior in some youth exists with their constant misunderstanding of angry expressions where they don't exist, which push them to aggressive responses. The findings suggest that helping young people, particularly those easy to be violent, to learn to give others the benefit of the doubt when they see what they think is a threatening face could help end the vicious (恶性的) cycle of violence.
语篇解读：本文是一篇研究报告。微笑是不是就一定会让人心情愉快呢？其实，只要不把微笑变成讥笑，这种效果自然是有的。
1．The underlined word “discern” (Paragraph 3) means ________.
A．display obviously B．identify clearly
C．describe correctly D．value properly
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第二句中“there was no option for ‘unclear’or ‘unable to tell’”可知，画线词在此处的意思应为“清晰地辨别出来”。故答案B符合文意。
2．According to Munafo's research, the anger and violent behavior in some youths resulted from ________.
A．their misunderstanding of facial emotions of others
B．their lack in knowledge of emotion recognition
C．their in born tendency toward violence or aggression
D．their experience of being offended by others on purpose
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But in the latest research on the power of the smile ... that is, as long as that person recognizes the smile as one of happiness, and not as a sneer (讥笑)．”可推知，很多人冲动或行为过激，有时候是因为把友善的微笑当成讥笑了。故答案A符合文意。
3．The method Munafo and his colleagues used in their research is ________.
A．field investigation B．case study
C．observation and analysis D．experiment and comparison
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句“In the first experiment ...”和第四段第一句“Previous research found that aggressive people ...”可推知，Munafo和他的同事们的这项调查使用了实验和比较的方法。故答案D符合文意。
4．What happens to the participants after receiving certain feedbacks
A．They can interpret unclear facial expressions.
B．They put an end to their aggressive behavior.
C．They tend to judge the in between faces positively.
D．It makes no difference in their level of aggressive behavior.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句“This was intended to guide them toward judging the in between faces more positively.”可知，答案C符合文意。
5．Which of the following will Munafo and his group probably agree with
A．Just smile as much as possible.
B．Misunderstanding is the root of violence.
C．Seeing smiles can lower aggression.
D．Control our anger to avoid violence and aggression.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But in the latest research on the power of the smile ... that is, as long as that person recognizes the smile as one of happiness, and not as a sneer (讥笑)．”和下文中的实验结果可推知，微笑可以减少人们的过激行为。故答案C符合文意。
改写句子
变换句式
第一层级——背词汇、学写句，让作文有话可说
一、背词汇
[常用词汇]
(1)harmony n． 和谐
(2)harm n. 伤害
(3)lack n. 缺乏
(4)environment n. 环境
(5)source n. 来源
(6)nature n. 大自然
(7)habitat n. 栖息地
(8)influence n. 影响
(9)pollute v. 污染
(10)threaten v． 威胁
(11)cause v. 导致
(12)protect v. 保护
(13)pour v. 流出
(14)miserable adj. 悲惨的
(15)unpleasant adj. 使人不愉快的
(16)die out 灭绝
(17)be faced with 面临
(18)leave ... behind 把……抛于脑后
[亮点词汇]
(1)effective adj. 有效的
(2)fantastic adj. 极好的
(3)unfit adj. 不适宜的
(4)make a difference 有影响
(5)for lack of 因缺乏
(6)as a consequence 因此；结果
(7)catch one's eye 引起某人的注意
(8)in one's view 在某人看来
(9)to make matters worse 使事情更糟糕的是
(10)take measures/steps/action 采取措施
二、学写句(按要求完成句子并背诵)
水资源受到了严重的污染，结果，一些水不适宜饮用。 我在欣赏四周的美景时，我看到了一些让人不愉快的事情。
Water sources have become badly polluted.As a result, some of the water is unfit to drink.(使用so ...that结构改写句子) When I was enjoying the beautiful scenery around， I noticed something unpleasant.
Water sources have become so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink. When I was enjoying the fantastic scenery around, something unpleasant caught_my_eye.
(Ⅰ)单词拼写
1．That dress is such a good style (样式) that it will be fashionable for years.
2．We cannot guarantee (保证) the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.
3．It is agreed that a glorious victory could be attained (得到) only by effort and patience.
4．There are various kinds of waves invisible (看不见的) to the naked eye in the aerospace.
5．The woman glared (怒目而视) at the man after he shouted rudely at her.
6．Not satisfied with the drawing, she tore (撕) it up angrily and threw it into the dustbin.
7．Cindy shut the door heavily and burst (突然) into tears. No one in the office knew why she was so angry.
8．At every stage (阶段) of life we take losses and grow in the process.
9．Humor creates a more positive (积极的) emotional climate and helps students to focus.
10．What westerners cannot bear most is to be teased (戏弄) or cheated.
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空
1．China is working on 5G technology (technical), according to the Telecommunication Development Industry Alliance.
2．Typical for China is the crosstalk show, in which two comedians (comedy) entertain the audience with words.
3．We eventually ran out of patience with his childish behaviour (behave)．
4．The exercise can strengthen (strong) your physical quality and restore your spirit.
5．Always read the instructions (instruct) before you start taking the medicine.
6．They were all scholars of action and we appreciate them for their academic (academy) studies.
(Ⅲ)语境填词
1．They both gave different performances and performed so well that it was hard to decide between them. (perform)
2．For amusement,_we go to see a comedy yesterday.The amusing movements of the two comedians amused everybody present. (amuse)
3．Nearly 60 participants from Beijing and neighboring areas participated in the competition. (participate)
1．We must dare to stand_up_for (维护) the truth and dare to correct mistakes.
2．People like to make_fun_of (嘲弄) each other on April Fool's Day.
3．We'd probably come_up_with (想出) better ideas if we join forces.
4．This man had a miserable childhood. His parents both passed_away (去世) when he was six.
5．People made noise in ancient times to drive_away (驱赶) the ghosts from the home.
6．The bus pulled up the bus by the roadside to take_on (接纳) more passengers.
7．Half the houses in the street are being pulled down to make_room_for (为……腾出地方) the new post office.
8．He was just about to leave the office when someone burst_in(闯入).
9．The angry father glared_at (怒视) his son and bent down to pick up the broken telephone.
10．He held_out (伸出) his hand with a gesture which conveyed something of his determination.
【短语归纳】
1．stand up for 支持，维护
2．make fun of 拿……开玩笑；取笑，嘲弄
3．come up with 想出，拿出
4．pass away 去世，亡故
5．drive away 赶走，驱赶
6．take on 接纳；承担；呈现；雇用
7．make room for 为……腾出地方
8．burst in 闯进；突然闯入
9．glare at 对……怒目而视
10．hold out 递出；拿出；伸出
1．Which of the events above do you think will be the funniest
你认为上面哪件事是最有趣的？
[解读] do you think 在句中作插入语，句子结构是：特殊疑问词(作主语)＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分？
[仿写] 今天天气不错。你觉得我们该做什么？
It's fine today. What_do_you_think_we_should_do
2．While this kind of humour may sound cruel, it usually only works if both the comedian and the audience have affection for or admire the person being made fun of.
这种幽默听起来可能有点刻薄，但通常只有当喜剧演员和观众都喜欢或者崇拜这个被取笑的对象时，这种幽默才奏效。
[解读] while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。
[仿写] 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.
3．One such person is Billy Crystal.
一个成功的例子就是比利·克里斯托。
[解读] such与数词或不定代词any, some, no等连用时，常置于这些词之后。
[仿写] 这儿没有这个人。你打错电话了。
There's no_such_person here. You have the wrong number.
一、常考词汇细点拨
1. variety n．[C]品种，(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式 [U]变化，多样化
[教材原句] There are a variety of different styles of stand up comedy.
单口喜剧有很多不同的类型。
(1)a variety of/varieties of 种种，各种各样的
(2)various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的
(3)vary vt. 改变；变更
vi. 变化；不同
vary with ... 随着……而变化
vary from ...to .../between ...and ...
在……和……之间变化
①I've read heaps of books about it and have taken part in varieties of activities.
我阅读了有关它的大量书籍，并参加了各种各样的活动。
②With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.(2013·北京高考阅读A)
用EP便携式加热器，房间的任何地方，温度都不会变化。
③The weather varies_from hour to hour in some mountain districts.
在某些山区天气时刻变化。
[名师指津] (1)a variety of/varieties of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
(2)the variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
④The variety of foods at the restaurant is_limited,_but the amount of each dish is fairly large.
这家饭店里食物的品种是有限的，但每道菜的量是相当大的。
2．behave vi.& vt.表现
[教材原句] Some comedians tell jokes about the way people behave or about daily life.
一些喜剧演员讲述笑话，或与人们行为举止的方式有关，或与日常生活有关。
①How should you behave when you meet someone for the first time？(2012·安徽高考任务型读写)
当你第一次遇到某个人的时候你应该如何表现？
(1)behave oneself 守规矩；举止有礼
behave well/badly (towards sb.)
(对某人)表现好/不好
(2)behaviour n．[U] 行为；举止；态度
②The students behaved badly in the writer's classes because she didn't really understand them.(2013·浙江高考阅读D)
在作者的课上，同学们表现很差，因为她没真正理解学生。
③You had better behave_yourself,_otherwise you'll be made fun of.
你最好规矩一点，否则人家会取笑你的。
3．perform vt.& vi.演出，表演；做，履行；运转
[高考佳句] People who have a positive mind set perform better in the face of challenge.(2012·江苏高考任务型阅读)
面对挑战，有积极心态的人表现得会更好。
(1)perform one's duty/promise/task
履行职责/履行诺言/执行任务
perform/carry out an operation 进行手术
perform a part/role in ... 在……担任角色/发挥作用
perform well/badly 表现好/不好
(2)performance n. 演出，节目；表现
give/put on a performance 表演(节目)
(3)performer n. 执行者，表演者
①They joined hands and performed the most challenging task without a mistake.
他们通力合作毫无差错地完成了这一最富有挑战性的任务。
②The_operation_was successfully performed,_but the patient suffered from shock.
手术进行良好， 但病人发生了休克现象。
③Little does she care what she looks like, all she cares about is her job performance.
她不在乎外表，她在乎的是自己的工作表现。
[链接高考]
(2012·浙江高考)Your ________ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
A．operation B．growth
C．performance D．character
解析：选C 句意：作为学生，如果你养成对自己的学习方法进行反思的习惯，你的表现将会非常出色。performance“表现”，符合句意。operation“手术，操作”；growth“成长”；character“个性”。
4．amuse vt.逗笑，逗乐；提供(消遣)，(使)娱乐
[教材原句] Crystal is popular with all age groups and has the ability to amuse people all over the world.
克里斯托深受各年龄层次人们的喜欢，而且他能逗乐全世界的人。
(1)amuse sb.by/with sth. 用……逗某人开心
amuse oneself 自娱自乐
(2)amused adj. 被逗笑的，愉快的
be amused at/by 被……逗乐，以……为乐
be amused to do ... 做……取乐
(3)amusing adj. 有趣的，好玩的，逗人笑的
(4)amusement n. 消遣，娱乐
to one's amusement 令某人开心的是
①A little rabbit amuses us by its playful and lively runs.(2013·陕西高考任务型阅读)
一只小兔子嬉戏着、活蹦乱跳地跑着，逗我们开心。
②We were_amused_at his funny movements in doing morning exercises.
他做早操时的滑稽动作使我们觉得好笑。
③To_our_amusement,_the boy acted an old woman.
使我们感到好笑的是那个男孩扮演了一个老太太。
5．participate vi.参加，参与
[高考佳句] Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program.(2013·浙江高考完形)
去年春天，我有幸被选中参加交流学习计划。
(1)participate in 参加
participate with sb. in sth. 和某人参与某事
(2)participant n. 参加者，共享者
participation n. 参与；分担；共享
①Besides, wider engagement with participants requires very considerable resource.(2013·湖南高考阅读填空)
此外，参与者的广泛参与需要相当客观的资源。
②It's my great honor to participate_with_you_in the game.
能和你一起参加比赛我感到很荣幸。
[联想归纳] 根据口诀，区别不同的“参加”：
加入组织join选，出席到场attend用；
参加活动起作用，take part in来闹场；
和人一起来活动，join sb. in来凑份；
participate不及物，和in做伴来参加。
6．guarantee vt.& n．保证；担保
[教材原句] Practising is the only way to guarantee a successful performance.
练习是保证演出成功的唯一方法。
①Being a graduate of the Internet “school” of medicine does not guarantee accurate self health checks.(2013·湖北高考阅读D)
医学网校毕业生保证不了准确的自我健康检查。
②Evolution, the theory goes, guarantees survival to the fittest.
物竞天择，适者生存。
(1)guarantee sb. against/from ...
保证某人免受损害、危险等
guarantee to do sth. 保证去做某事
guarantee sb.sth. 向某人担保/保证某事
be guaranteed to do sth. 必定做某事
(2)(be) under guarantee 在保修期内
③I will guarantee_to_prove every statement I made.
我将保证证实我的每一项声明。
④It's still under_guarantee,_so the manufacturer will repair it.
它还在保修期内，所以厂商会给修理的。
7．instruct vt.教授，传授；指示，命令；告知
[教材原句] He has instructed students from over 70 different countries.
他已指导过来自70多个不同国家的学生。
①The old teachers instruct the young teachers not in words but also by deeds.
这些老教师对年轻的教师言传身教。
(1)instruct sb.to do sth. 指导某人做某事
instruct sb.in sth. 指导某人某事
(2)instruction
obey/follow instructions 遵从指令/指示
(3)instructive adj. 有教育意义的，有启发性的
instructor n. 指导员，教练
②When we reached 13,000 feet, Jay instructed_me_to_throw myself out of the plane.
当我们离地面13 000英尺的时候，杰伊告诉我从飞机上跳下去。
③You are not like a kid obeying instructions any more.
(2012·江西高考阅读B)
你不再像是一个只会遵守指令的孩子。
[名师指津] instruct 作“命令”讲，后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”形式。
④They instructed him that he (should)_leave the country at once.
他们命令他立刻离开这个国家。
[一言串记] What the instructor says is often instructive. Under his instruction, we have all made progress.
教练的话通常是有道理的。在他的指导下，我们都取得了进步。
8．burst vi.猛冲；突然出现；爆裂 vt.使破裂，使破口
[教材原句] Servant bursts in, next to Queen, empty handed and looking worried.
仆人冲上舞台，来到王后旁边，两手空空，看起来很着急。
突然大哭/大笑起来
burst in/into 突然进入
burst out 突然激动地喊叫
①Suddenly, they burst out laughing.(2013·江西高考)
突然，他们大笑起来了。
②The schoolmaster was about to leave when several students burst_into his office.
校长正要离开，这时几个学生闯进了他的办公室。
[名师指津] (1)burst的过去式和过去分词同原形。
(2)burst into和burst out都含有“突然……”的意思，burst into后面多接名词，burst out后面多接v. ing形式。
二、间考词汇自识记
1．trip vi.&vt.绊，(使)绊倒
trip over 绊倒
We didn't move so as not to trip over anything.
我们没有动免得被东西绊倒。
2．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到；达到
attain one's goal 达到目标
Great efforts are needed before we can attain our goals.
我们得经过很大努力才能达到我们的目标。
3．glare vi.怒目而视；闪耀，发出炫目的光 n．怒视；炫目的光
glare at 对……怒目而视
Don't glare at me like that; you deserved scolding.
不要那样瞪着我，你本应该受训斥的。
[单词对点集训]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·扬州高三质检)The children will not be allowed to go to the supermarket if they don't ________themselves.
A．guide B．show
C．act D．behave
解析：选D 句意：小孩子如果不守规矩就不允许进超市。behave oneself是固定短语，意为“行为规矩”，符合题意。guide“指导”；show“展示”；act“行动”。
2．(2014·江苏金陵中学质检)The principle that all teachers, regardless of subject, should________basic standards of competence in maths and English is already accepted by GCSE requirements.
A．attain B．adore
C．adopt D．assess
解析：选A 句意：不管哪科的老师在数学和英语方面都应该达到基本的能力标准，这一原则已经被纳入英国普通中等教育证书要求中。attain“达到，获得”，符合题意。
3．(2014·武汉高三调研)Operate the electrical appliance following the________attached in the box, or you'll be at risk.
A．instructions B．explanations
C．introductions D．descriptions
解析：选A 句意：按照盒子里的说明书操作电动设备，否则，你会有危险。instructions“说明书，指南”，符合句意。explanation“说明，解释”；introduction“介绍，引进”；description“描写，叙述”。
4．(2014·宿迁模拟)Most children at school hope that they can ________ activities that appeal to them after class instead of just doing their homework.
A．apply for B．participate in
C．stick to D．focus on
解析：选B 句意：在学校的大多数学生都希望课下参加自己喜爱的活动而不是仅仅做作业。apply for“申请”；participate in“参加”；stick to“坚持”；focus on“集中”。
5．(2014·合肥八中高三检测)The little boy was very nervous when he turned up on the stage.He ________ in front of so many people before.
A．hasn't performed B．wouldn't perform
C．hadn't performed D．wasn't performing
解析：选C 句意：那个小男孩刚登台时很紧张。他以前从来没在这么多人面前表演过。由语境可知，此处用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”。
6．More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket because it offers a great ________ of goods.
A．variety B．connection
C．combination D．mixture
解析：选A 句意：越来越多的人选择在超市购物，因为它提供各种各样的商品。a variety of“各种各样的”，符合句意。
7．Though many people are ________ by the ________ performances of cheerleaders, they don't think highly of them.
A．amused; amused B．amusing; amusing
C．amusing; amused D．amused; amusing
解析：选D 句意：尽管很多人对啦啦队有趣的表演感到好笑，但他们对他们的评价并不高。amused“感到有趣的”，常修饰人；amusing“有趣的，引人发笑的”，常修饰物。
Ⅱ.多维演练
burst多棱镜
1．介词填空
①The door opened suddenly and the children burst in.
②Don't burst into my office without knocking.
③She burst out crying for a while, and burst into laughter for another moment, which made us at a loss.
2．(2014·南京一中模拟)Hearing the news, she burst into ________ and burst ________ the room.
A．crying; out B．tears; in
C．crying; into D．tears; out of
解析：选D 句意：听到这个消息，她突然哭了起来，并冲出了屋子。burst into tears“突然大哭起来”；burst out of the room“冲出房子”。
guarantee全扫描
1．完成句子
①保证机器运行良好。
The machine is_guaranteed_to_run well.
②他问你你的车是否仍在保修期内。
He asked you if your car was still under_guarantee.
2．一句多译
你能保证按时完成任务吗？
③Can_you_guarantee_to_finish_the_task_on_time？(guarantee v．)
④Can_you_give_a_guarantee_that_you_can_finish_the_task_on_time？(guarantee n．)
3．(2014·黄山高三调研)The 2008 financial crisis has been far away from us, but there's no________that the world economy will not suffer from another similar strike.
A．guarantee B．insurance
C．commitment D．circumstance
解析：选A 句意：虽然2008年的经济危机已离我们远去，但并不能保证世界经济不会受到另一次类似的重创。guarantee“保证，保证书”，符合句意。insurance“保险，契约”；commitment“承诺”；circumstance“情况，环境，情势”。
1．make fun of拿……开玩笑；取笑，嘲弄
[教材原句] The last kind of comedian does impressions — he or she will act or speak like a well known person in order to make fun of that person.
最后一种喜剧演员是做滑稽模仿，他或者她的动作或说话方式都像某个名人，目的是取笑他。
play jokes/a joke/tricks/a trick on ...
开……的玩笑
make jokes about ... 就……开玩笑
have fun 玩得开心
for fun/in fun 开玩笑，不是认真的
①It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.(2013·山东高考完形)
好像除了我每个人都有朋友，都很开心。
②Don't get angry. He is just playing a joke on you.
你别生气，他只不过是在给你开玩笑而已。
③They speak in a humorous way and make jokes about each other whenever they meet.
他们两个只要一见面就颇多谐戏之言，互相开玩笑。
2．come up with提出，想出
[高考佳句] The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.(2013·山东高考阅读C)
设计师说，他在俄罗斯的街道上看到人们淋湿后，才有了这个想法。
keep up with 与……同步，跟上(强调状态)
catch up with 跟上(强调动作)
put up with 忍耐，忍受；熬过
end up with 以……结束
①A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.
一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
②We can't change the bad weather, so we must put_up_with it.
我们改变不了这种坏天气，所以只好忍受它。
3．hold out拿出；递出；伸出；坚持，维持；抵抗
[高考佳句] I'd thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable.(2013·重庆高考阅读A)
我原以为我能坚持到牙医度假回来，但是疼痛实在是难以忍受。
[一词多义] 写出下列句中hold out的含义
①They held out the hand of friendship to me.伸出
②He walked to her and held out a small bouquet of wild flowers递出
③He sat down at the window, held out a book and began to read it.拿出
④Our soldiers held out against the enemy's attacks for a week.抵抗
⑤Such a situation held out for another half a month.维持
hold back 隐瞒；退缩；阻止；抑制
hold on 别挂断；等一等；坚持
hold on to 坚守；保留(房屋、财产等)；抓住
hold up 举起，拿起；支撑；拦住，耽搁
⑥The plane was held up for one hour because of a snowstorm.
因为有暴风雪，所以飞机推迟了一个小时。
[短语对点集训]
Ⅰ.选词填空
1．He wanted to stand_up_for what he believed in.
2．People make_fun_of her because she wears such strange clothes.
3．It was very intelligent of him to come_up_with such a splendid idea.
4．The people standing in the bus moved along to make_room_for others.
5．When we were talking in the study, a bird burst_in.
6．Only by holding_out our hands can we give the opportunity to others to hold us!
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·安徽名校联考)I want to listen to what you have to say because what you have to say might help me ________ something that is going to be the answer eventually.
A．put up with B．keep up with
C．come up with D．go through with
解析：选C 句意：我想听听你会说什么，因为你说的话可能会帮助我最终想出答案来。put up with“忍受，忍耐”；keep up with“与……并驾齐驱，跟上”；come up with“提出，想出(计划/答案等)”；go through with“将……进行到底”。
2．(2014·江苏沭阳五校高三摸底)The pilot said he could only ________for another hour before he would have to land the plane because of lack of fuel.
A．hold out B．hold down
C．hold up D．hold back
解析：选A 句意：那个飞行员说他因缺燃料迫降之前只能再坚持一个小时。hold out“拿出，坚持”，符合题意。hold down“限制，镇压”；hold up“举起，支持”；hold back“阻止”。
3．(2014·姜堰中学模拟)When he first got to the city, he was often________ for his strong accent.
A．made fun B．played a joke
C．made fun of D．made jokes
解析：选C make fun of sb.“取笑某人”；play a joke on sb.“开某人的玩笑”；make jokes about“拿……来开玩笑”。故C项符合语境和短语搭配。
1. Which of the events above do_you_think will be the funniest
你认为上面哪件事是最有趣的？
do you think在句中作插入语，有类似用法的动词还有：hope, believe, suppose, guess, say, suggest等。常见的句型结构有：
(1)特殊疑问词(作主语)＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分(语序不变)
①What do you suppose is the right solution
你认为什么是正确的解决方案？
(2)特殊疑问词＋插入语＋句子其他部分(陈述语序)
②Whom do you think they will make captain of the team
你认为他们会选谁当队长？
[名师指津] do you suggest 作插入语时，其后的句子应使用虚拟语气“(should＋)动词原形”。
③Where do you suggest we (should)_spend_our_holiday
你建议我们去哪里度假？
2．One_such_person is Billy Crystal.
一个成功的例子就是比利·克里斯托。
句中such为形容词，意为“那样的，这样的，如此的”。
(1)such作形容词，当它与数词或不定代词any, some, all, no等连用时，常置于这些词之后；但与不定冠词连用时，则置于不定冠词之前。
(2)such作代词位于句首时，句子需倒装，谓语动词的单复数根据其后的名词决定。
①No such thing as genius; it is nothing but labour and diligence.
世上无天才，勤学加苦练。
②He said he hadn't got time or made some_such_excuse.
他说他没有时间，或是诸如此类的借口。
③Such is Dad — whatever problem he meets with, he never gives up.(2013·天津高考完形)
父亲就是这样——无论他遇到什么问题，都决不放弃。
[句型对点集训]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．您认为我明天下午什么时间可以来见他？
When do you think I_can_come_and_see_him tomorrow afternoon
2．尽管我们取得了不小的成就， 但仍然存在很多问题。
While/Though we has made great achievements, there are still some problems.
3．任何这样的想法都远远不符合事实。
Any_such conception would be very far from the truth.
4．无论发生什么事，我们都不会放弃工作。
We will never give up working, whatever_happens.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·南京三中月考)—________ choose, the blue one or the white one
—It's hard to say. Maybe neither of them.
A．What you believe will she
B．What do you believe she will
C．Which do you believe will she
D．Which do you believe she will
解析：选D 句意：“你认为她会选哪一个，蓝色的还是白色的？”“难说，也许两个都不会选。”由the blue one or the white one可知，这里有选择的范围，所以不能用what来提问。do you believe是插入语，特殊疑问句中有do you believe之类的插入语时，插入语以外的部分用陈述语序。
2．(2014·苏南五校联考)________ dictionary is enough because we can look up all we need in it.
A．One such a B．One such
C．Such one D．A such
解析：选B 句意：这样的一本词典就足够了，因为我们能从中查找我们所需的东西。“one such＋可数名词的单数形式”为固定用法。
非谓语动词(Ⅰ)
1．(2014·山东潍坊高三模拟)This restaurant，________by an old couple, has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack.
A．owning B．to own
C．having owned D．owned
解析：选D A项为现在分词或者动名词一般式的主动结构；B项为不定式一般式的主动结构；C项为现在分词或者动名词完成式的主动结构；D项为过去分词。分析题干可知，own与restaurant之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此，空格处应该使用过去分词。
2．(2014·南京实验中学模拟)It's no good ________ here this e again on Monday.
A．wait B．waiting
C．having waited D．to be waiting
解析：选B 句意：今天上午在这里等是没用的，周一再来吧。在固定结构it's no good/use doing sth.中，it为形式主语，doing sth.为真正的主语。
3．(2014·安徽名校高三联考)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts ________ you failed.
A．to contact B．contacting
C．contacted D．having contacted
解析：选A 句意：在那个遥远的村庄没有信号，因此我怎么也联系不上你。attempt后面应用不定式作定语。
4．A key reform plan, with more than 300 measures________， was adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on November 12, 2013.
A．listing B．listed
C．to list D．to be listed
解析：选B with more than 300 measures________为with复合结构，由was adopted可知，list动作发生在过去，又因为measures与list之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词形式。
5．(2014·淮安模拟)As to fitness, my doctor advised me ________ every morning while my coach advised ________.
A．to jog; swimming B．jogging; swimming
C．to jog; to swim D．jogging; to swim
解析：选A advise后面要接动名词作宾语，接不定式作宾语补足语，即advise doing sth.与advise sb. to do sth.。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·连云港高三模拟)Many people have come to realize that they should go on________ balanced diet and make ________ room in their day for exercise.
A．a; / B．the; a
C．the; the D．/; a
解析：选A 句意：很多人最终意识到他们应该节食，每天抽时间进行锻炼。第一空考查短语go on a diet“节食”；第二空考查短语make room for“为……腾地方；为……让步”。
2．(2014·盐城中学高三调研)The Internet and ________ on campus services, from food delivery to laundry, are fuelling a student culture of staying in dormitories.A student can have every need met without leaving the dormitory.
A．various B．expensive
C．complex D．interesting
解析：选A 句意：网络及各种校园快捷服务的流行，从订餐服务到洗衣服务，促进了校园“宅文化”的传播。足不出户，学生便可以解决一切需求。various“各种各样的”，符合句意。expensive“昂贵的”；complex“复杂的”；interesting“有趣的”。
3．(2014·无锡辅仁中学模拟)To his great surprise, the short man ________ he made fun yesterday turned out to be the interviewer.
A．of whom B．of which
C．on whom D．on which
解析：选A 考查make fun of和“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。of whom he made fun yesterday是定语从句，先行词指人，排除B、D两项；根据make fun of可知，介词应用of，故选A。
4．(2014·皖南八校联考)Mum is coming. What present________ for your birthday
A．you expect she has got
B．you expect has she got
C．do you expect she has got
D．do you expect has she got
解析：选C 句中do you expect为插入语，句式结构为：“特殊疑问词＋插入语＋句子其他部分”，插入语后的句子用陈述语序，故选C。
5．(2014·石家庄高三模拟)—Jack, this is the third time that you have been late this week.
—Sorry, sir, but I was________ for 15 minutes on the way here in the traffic jam.
A．given up B．put up
C．taken up D．held up
解析：选D 句意：“杰克，这是你本周第三次迟到了。”“很抱歉，先生，但我在来这里的路上遇到了堵车达15分钟。”hold up“受阻，延误，耽搁”，符合题意。give up“放弃”；put up“举起；张贴；留宿”；take up“拿起；从事；占据”。
6．(2014·宜宾五校检测)A recent study has ________ an unexpected conclusion that the African elephant should be divided into two different species.
A．kept up with B．made up with
C．caught up with D．come up with
解析：选D 句意：最近的一项研究得出一个意外结论，非洲象应被分成两个不同种类。keep up with“跟上”；make up with“和好”；catch up with“追上”；come up with“提出”。
7．(2014·南京四校联考)—Lucy, read this book — I ________ that you'll be fond of it.
—OK.I'll read it after I have finished my homework.
A．convey B．prove
C．guarantee D．reveal
解析：选C 根据I'll read it可知，第一个说话人是说“露西，看看这本书，我保证你会喜欢它的。”guarantee“保证”，符合句意。convey“传达，表达”；prove“证明”；reveal“显示；揭露”。
8．(2014·合肥八中高三模拟)—Mr.Green will replace Mr.White as our headmaster.You know, he is very strict.
—Oh, my God! We must ________ ourselves.
A．behave B．care
C．enjoy D．amuse
解析：选A 句意：“格林先生将代替怀特先生当我们的校长。你知道，他非常严厉。”“哦，天哪！我们必须规矩点。”behave oneself“守规矩”，符合句意。
9．By the time I saw the job ________ in the newspaper, it was already too late.
A．advertised B．to be advertised
C．advertise D．to advertise
解析：选A 句意：等我看到报纸上刊登的这份招聘广告时已经太晚了。根据语境可知，the job与advertise之间为动宾关系，所以应用动词的过去分词，作the job的定语。
10．(2014·福州五校模考)He suggested that management ________ to promote the process of the projects.
A．be strengthened B．should strengthen
C．would strengthen D．would be strengthened
解析：选A suggest在此表示“建议”，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”，而且从句主语management与strengthen之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。
11．(2014·衡阳高三模拟)Many farmers in the countryside have gone to cities to look for work and leave their children behind ________ by their grandparents.
A．raised B．raising
C．being raised D．to be raised
解析：选D 句意：许多农民到城里打工而将孩子留给他们的爷爷奶奶抚养。根据句意可知，本句话强调“抚养”的动作尚未完成，故选D，不定式表示将来的动作。A项表示被动和完成；B项表示主动进行；C项表示正在发生的被动动作。
12．(2014·南通名校模拟)—Excuse me, Dad, but I am going to the club to meet my friends in the football team.
—OK. ________.
A．Good luck B．Congratulations
C．With pleasure D．Have fun
解析：选D 此处是父亲回答要外出的孩子，have fun表示“玩得愉快”，符合语境。with pleasure “很愿意”。
13．(2014·宿州泗县二中模拟)Both________ and________ laughter do harm to your health.
A．burst into tears; burst into
B．to burst into tear; to burst into
C．bursting into tears; bursting into
D．tear; /
解析：选C tear是可数名词，此处应用复数形式，B、D两项应被排除；选项A不能用作主语，只有C项动名词短语可作主语，且与谓语动词do保持一致，因此C是正确选项。
14．(2014·长沙一中模拟)________ by playing hide and seek games, the children were full of joy.
A．To amuse B．Amused
C．Amusing D．Being amused
解析：选B 句意：孩子们通过玩捉迷藏游戏取乐，快乐极了。the children与amuse是被动关系，故选B。
15．(2014·江苏阜宁中学模拟)—Have you got any news about John, Lily
—He ________ in a job interview the other day and he's waiting for the result.
A．was participating B．had participated
C．is participating D．participated
解析：选D 句意：“丽丽，你有约翰的消息吗？”“他前几天参加了一个求职面试，现在正在等结果。”由the other day 可知，用一般过去时态。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2014·常州高三教学质量检测)About ten years ago when I was an undergraduate in college, I was working as an intern at my University's Museum of Natural History. One day while __1__ at the cash register (收银机) in the gift shop, I saw an elderly __2__ come in with a little girl in a __3__.
As I looked __4__ at this girl, I saw that she was kind of perched (困在) on her chair. I then __5__ she had no arms or legs, __6__ a head, neck and torso (躯干). She was wearing a little white dress __7__ small red dots.
As the couple __8__ her up to me I was looking down at the register. I __9__ my head toward the girl and gave her a wink (眨眼). As I took the __10__ from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the cutest, largest __11__ I have ever seen. All of a __12__ her handicap was __13__ and all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me and almost __14__ gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. She took me from a poor __15__ college student and __16__ me into her world — a world of smiles, love and __17__.
That was ten years ago. I'm a successful business person now and whenever I __18__ and think of the __19__ of the world, I think about that little girl and the remarkable __20__ about life that she taught me.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个身体有缺陷的小女孩，却能微笑着面对世界，带给这个世界爱和温暖。作者由此感慨：当我们遇到任何挫折时，不妨想想这个女孩，也许内心就会充满温暖。
1．A.studying B．sparing
C．looking D．working
解析：选D 根据上句话中的“I was working as an intern”可知，作者是在这里工作，故答案选D。
2．A.wife B．couple
C．husband D．friend
解析：选B 根据第三段第一句中的“couple”和第三段中的“her grandparents”可知，此处应用couple一词。故答案选B。
3．A.case B．bicycle
C．wheelchair D．car
解析：选C 根据故事发生的场合和下文对女孩的描述可知，女孩是个没有四肢的残疾人，由此可知，她是坐在轮椅上的，故答案选C，意为“轮椅”。根据第二段第一句中的“on her chair”也可推出答案。
4．A.closer B．farther
C．sharply D．anxiously
解析：选A 根据语境可知，此处指这个女孩子到了作者跟前，作者能够更近地看到她，故答案选A，意为“更近地”。B“更远地，更深层次地”；C“敏锐地”；D“焦急地”。
5．A.recognized B．realized
C．displayed D．heard
解析：选B 根据语境可知，作者意识到这个小女孩没有胳膊和腿。A“辨认出”；B“意识到”；C“展示”；D“听到”。故答案选B。
6．A.hardly B．nearly
C．almost D．just
解析：选D 此处表示：她只有头、脖子和躯干，故答案选D，意为“仅仅”。
7．A.on B．in
C．with D．for
解析：选C 句意：她穿着一件带有小红点的白色衣服。with在此处意为“具有，带有”，符合语境。故答案选C。
8．A.removed B．wheeled
C．hurried D．lifted
解析：选B 根据语境可知，小女孩坐在轮椅上，所以这对夫妇应该是推着小女孩，故答案选B，意为“推，拉(有轮之物)”。A“去掉，拿掉”；C“匆忙”；D“举起”。
9．A.turned B．waved
C．shook D．sank
解析：选A 根据语境可知，作者正在低头看着收银机，看到小女孩过来时，将目光转向了她，turn符合语境，故答案选A。
10．A.paper B．money
C．gift D．document
解析：选B 根据语境可知，这对夫妇过来结账，所以此处作者收的是钱，故答案选B。
11．A.appearance B．face
C．smile D．surprise
解析：选C 根据下文中的“whose smile just melted me”可知，给作者留下深刻印象的正是小女孩美丽的微笑，故答案选C。
12．A.shake B．sudden
C．surprise D．shock
解析：选B all of a sudden是固定短语，意为“突然，一下子”，符合语境。故答案选B。此处指作者一下子被小女孩的微笑打动了。
13．A.gone B．returned
C．rewarded D．recovered
解析：选A 根据下句可知，作者眼里看到的不再是她的残缺，而是美丽的微笑，故答案选A，意为“消失不见的”，此处gone为形容词。
14．A.probably B．eventually
C．especially D．instantly
解析：选D 此处与上文中“All of a ________”相照应，表示“立刻，马上”，故答案选D。A“可能”；B“最终”；C“尤其”。
15．A.excited B．unhappy
C．frightened D．confident
解析：选B 根据“poor”可知，所选词应为贬义词；结合语境可知，答案选B，意为“不高兴”。
16．A.brought B．forced
C．drew D．carried
解析：选A 句意：她将我这样一个不快乐的穷学生带到了她的世界里。bring ... into意为“把……带入”，符合语境。故答案选A。B“强迫”；C“拖拉”；D“搬运”。
17．A.coldness B．warmth
C．sadness D．regret
解析：选B 根据“love”可知，所选词应该是褒义词，故答案选B，意为“温暖”，与上文中“melted”相照应。
18．A.calm down B．stand out
C．break down D．turn out
解析：选A 句意：我现在是一名成功的商人，并且每当我静下来想到这个世界上的烦心事时，我就会想起那个女孩子，以及她给我上的那堂不同寻常的人生课。A项意为“平静下来”，符合语境。
19．A.intervals B．laughter
C．troubles D．lectures
解析：选C 此处作者要说明小女孩的微笑对他的影响，如同第一次他不快乐时小女孩的微笑让他振作起来一样，所以选C项，此处指作者遇到的麻烦。A“间隔”；B“笑”；D“演讲”。
20．A.lesson B．movement
C．gesture D．habit
解析：选A 根据语境可知，小女孩的微笑让作者对生活有了新的认识，所以小女孩给作者上了一堂不同寻常的人生课，故答案选A。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2014·徐州市第二次教学质量检测)Studies have documented that smiling is a universal and effective way to lift mood. But in the latest research on the power of the smile, researchers led by Marcus Munafo of the University of Bristol in England found that even seeing smiles on the faces of others can have a profound effect on a person's tendency toward violence or aggression — that is, as long as that person recognizes the smile as one of happiness, and not as a sneer (讥笑)．
Munafo and his colleagues conducted a series of experiments involving normal adults and highly aggressive teens referred to a youth program, either by educational authorities or the courts. About 70% of the teens already had a criminal record.
In the first experiment, 40 healthy adults, aged 18 30, looked at facial expressions on the computer ranging from happy to angry with increasingly difficult ones to discern in between. Participants were asked how angry they felt and then had to rate the images as displaying either happiness or anger — there was no option for “unclear” or “unable to tell”. From these ratings, the scientists could generate a score of their preference toward happiness or anger.
Previous research found that aggressive people — including violent offenders — tend to consider even a common expression as an unfriendly one. “You looking at me？” can easily turn a simple question into a tragic fight.
Based on their original scores, half of the participants were then told by the computer that some of the unclear faces that they had rated as angry should have been scored as happy. This was intended to guide them toward judging the in between faces more positively. The other 20 received feedback that simply proved their first choices, creating a control group.
After this training, both groups were tested again and the group that received the biased (有偏见的) feedback shifted its ratings of unclear faces toward the happy side. Participants were also asked to rate their level of angry feelings again after completing the second round of testing. Those who were trained to consider unclear faces as happier reported feeling less angry afterward.
The researchers next focused on the 46 adolescents from the high risk youth program. These teens completed the same testing, but both the youth and the staff reported on the teens' levels of aggressive behavior before the testing started and for two weeks afterward. The teens trained to interpret unclear facial expressions more positively were significantly less aggressive two weeks later.
“The results of our experiments strongly suggest that the understanding of emotional facial expressions plays a causal role in subjective anger and aggressive behavior，”the authors conclude.
That doesn't mean that smiles alone are the answer to violence among adolescents — previous research in which anti social youth were trained to better recognize emotions, for example, did not have any effect on their level of aggressive behavior. But this earlier study focused on improving teens' understanding of clear facial signals, not unclear ones. Since unclear signals are more likely to be misunderstood, it may be that violent behavior in some youth exists with their constant misunderstanding of angry expressions where they don't exist, which push them to aggressive responses. The findings suggest that helping young people, particularly those easy to be violent, to learn to give others the benefit of the doubt when they see what they think is a threatening face could help end the vicious (恶性的) cycle of violence.
语篇解读：本文是一篇研究报告。微笑是不是就一定会让人心情愉快呢？其实，只要不把微笑变成讥笑，这种效果自然是有的。
1．The underlined word “discern” (Paragraph 3) means ________.
A．display obviously B．identify clearly
C．describe correctly D．value properly
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第二句中“there was no option for ‘unclear’or ‘unable to tell’”可知，画线词在此处的意思应为“清晰地辨别出来”。故答案B符合文意。
2．According to Munafo's research, the anger and violent behavior in some youths resulted from ________.
A．their misunderstanding of facial emotions of others
B．their lack in knowledge of emotion recognition
C．their in born tendency toward violence or aggression
D．their experience of being offended by others on purpose
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But in the latest research on the power of the smile ... that is, as long as that person recognizes the smile as one of happiness, and not as a sneer (讥笑)．”可推知，很多人冲动或行为过激，有时候是因为把友善的微笑当成讥笑了。故答案A符合文意。
3．The method Munafo and his colleagues used in their research is ________.
A．field investigation B．case study
C．observation and analysis D．experiment and comparison
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句“In the first experiment ...”和第四段第一句“Previous research found that aggressive people ...”可推知，Munafo和他的同事们的这项调查使用了实验和比较的方法。故答案D符合文意。
4．What happens to the participants after receiving certain feedbacks
A．They can interpret unclear facial expressions.
B．They put an end to their aggressive behavior.
C．They tend to judge the in between faces positively.
D．It makes no difference in their level of aggressive behavior.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句“This was intended to guide them toward judging the in between faces more positively.”可知，答案C符合文意。
5．Which of the following will Munafo and his group probably agree with
A．Just smile as much as possible.
B．Misunderstanding is the root of violence.
C．Seeing smiles can lower aggression.
D．Control our anger to avoid violence and aggression.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But in the latest research on the power of the smile ... that is, as long as that person recognizes the smile as one of happiness, and not as a sneer (讥笑)．”和下文中的实验结果可推知，微笑可以减少人们的过激行为。故答案C符合文意。
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