2015《三维设计》高考英语（江苏专用）大一轮复习配套讲义：选修六Unit 3　Understanding each other（单词集释+短语集释+句型集释）

Unit 3　Understanding each other
　第三层级——背范文、学润色，让作文洋气十足
(2013·重庆高考)调查显示，中国长江 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )江豚 (finless porpoise) 受人类活动影响而濒临灭绝，目前总数不足1 000只。假设你是李华，现请用英文给WWF(世界自然保护基金组织)写一封信，请他们关注这一状况并提供帮助。内容应包括：
●说明写信目的
●简述江豚现状
●希望WWF如何帮助(比如：资助江豚保护项目等)
●表示感谢并期待回复
注意：(1)词数不少于80；(2)书信格式及开头均已给出(不计入总词数)。
Dear Sir or Madam，I'm a student from Ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ongqing, China.Today I am writing to you to ask for your help to improve the situation the finless porpoise is faced with in the Changjiang River (定语从句)．Because of the behavi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or of our human beings (介词短语作原因状语), the finless porpoise in the Changjiang River has been greatly influenced and will be endangered.According to research, its total number is less than 1,000 now.In order to prevent them from dying out (不定式短语作目的状语), we have founded a project, but we have difficulty in running it for lack of fund (介词短语作原因状语)．If you would like to help, you can provide it with necessary money.Besides, you can give us relevant training in protecting them.With your help, we believe we can improve the living environment of the finless porpoise soon, thus increasing its number (现在分词短语作结果状语)．If we can get ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) your help, we will be very thankful.We're looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely，Li Hua Dear Sir or Madam，I'm a student from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Chongqing, China.I am writing here to ask for you attention to those miserable finless porpoise in the Changjiang River.With science and technology moving forward, we human beings benefit a lot, which_is_accompanied_by_some_terrible_effect_on_environment (伴随着某些对环境可怕的影响。使用非限制性定语从句)．As is reported, the finless porpoise in the Changjiang River, whose_number_has_been_reduced_to_less_than_1,000 (其数量已减少到不足1 000只。使用whose引导的非限制性定语从句), has become endangered due to human activities.There_is_no_doubt_that_if_we_don't_take_immediate_action,_they_will_die_out_very_soon (毫无疑问，如果我们不立即采取行动，他们很快就会消亡。使用同位语从句)．Therefore, I sincerely hope that WWF will give a hand to those poor animals.For example, you can found some finless porpoise protection projects, which can really make a difference.I firmly believe it_is_your_help_that_will_get_those_poor_animals_out_of_trouble (正是你的帮助才会使那些可怜的动物摆脱困境。使用强调句式)．Last but not least, thanks for your attention and look forward to your reply.Yours sincerely，Li Hua
(Ⅰ)单词拼写
1．Chairman Xi has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) stressed that we must make great efforts to ensure (确保) that troops strictly follow the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
2．Throughout (贯穿) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Earth's history, thousands of species of animals have died out.
3．I don't believe we'v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e met before, although I must say you do look familiar (熟悉的)．
4．People need ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) common conventions on languages and gestures (手势) to communicate.
5．This artic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le gives an account (叙述) of the three records based on the Dunhuang documents.
6．A turkey and a va ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riety of desserts feature the Christmas feast (盛宴)．
7．The minorities (少 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数民族) account for six per cent of the population in the country.
8．Accustomed (习惯于 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )) to working methodically, I tried at first to arrange the photographs in order of importance.
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Christmas is almos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t here. Please send my Christmas greetings (greeting) to her.
2．The children cam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to a deserted castle and began with their mysterious (mystery) expedition.
3．The prohibition ( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )prohibit) against smoking on school grounds is strictly enforced.
4．Give my warme ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st congratulations (congratulate) to you for such an outstanding performance.
(Ⅲ)语境填词
1．After a good seat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) height adjustment,_you also need to adjust the seat position before and after.(adjust)
2．If weather permits, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_we'll have a picnic tomorrow. We have asked his permission to use our parents' car.(permit)
3．He expected ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that everyone would burst out laughing when he finished his joke but beyond his expectation nobody laughed.(expect)
1．The man can hardly pay house rent, let_alone (更不用说) buy the house.
2．Even though air is invisible, it takes_up (占据) space.
3．I have_no_power_over (不能控制) him, so he just does whatever he wants.
4．The species that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fail to adjust_to (适应) the changing conditions of existence will gradually become extinct.
5．I have learned to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) use computers and have been_familiar_with (熟悉) all clerical duties.
6．We are_not_suppose ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d_to (不应该) speak loudly in a reading room, which is impolite.
7．Don't blame on him; after_all (毕竟，终究), he is a green hand.
8．In the afternoon，you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) will be_shown_around (游览) our newly built museum.
9．The park is_home_to (是……的家园) bears, wolves, and other wild animals.
10．Each great man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )belongs_to (属于) his time and can come only at his proper moment.
【短语归纳】
1．be supposed to do sth.　　　 应该做某事
2．adjust to 适应
3．be accustomed to doing sth. 习惯做某事
4．after all 毕竟，终究
5．do without 没有……也行
6．let alone 更不用说
7．take up 占据(时间或空间)
8．belong to 属于
9．be home to 是……的家园
10．have power over 控制，支配
11．be familiar with 通晓，熟悉
12．show sb.around 带某人参观，游览
1．It's quite funny ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.
看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很有趣。
[解读]　it为形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语watching ...
[仿写]　学而不思则惘。
It is no use learning without thinking.
2．Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.
很多外国人很难习惯这一点。
[解读]　have trouble (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”。
[仿写]　每逢我们在学习中遇到困难，老师总是耐心辅导。
Whenever we have_tro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uble (in) studying, our teachers always help us patiently.
3．One reason why ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.
英语里有如此多的法语词汇的原因是法国人曾统治英格兰很长时间。
[解读]　the reason wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y ... is that ...“……的原因是……”，其中why 引导定语从句，that 引导表语从句。
[仿写]　我们不信任他的原因是因为他总是说谎。
The_reason_why we don't trust him is that he always tells lies.
一、常考词汇细点拨
1．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺
[教材原句]　During the c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eremony, the hen laid an egg, and everyone congratulated the new couple because it was considered very lucky.
在婚礼仪式上，母鸡下了个蛋，每个人都会祝贺这对新婚夫妇，因为这被认为是非常幸运的。
(1)congratulate sb.on/upon (doing) sth.
　　　　　　　　　　　 祝贺某人(做了)某事
congratulate oneself (on sth.)
(因成就或成功)为自己感到骄傲或自豪
(2)congratulation n. 祝贺，贺词
congratulations to sb.on sth. 为某事祝贺某人
Congratulations! 恭喜！
①Let us congra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tulate China on the Xinjiang Tianshan natural property being listed as World Heritage Site.
我们祝贺中国新疆天山成功进入世界遗产名录。
②You can congratulate yourself on having done a good job.
你的工作做得很出色，你应该感到自豪。
③I just know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you'd be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations！(2013·山东高考阅读A)
我只知道你应该是一个值得信赖的工人。祝贺你！
[辨析比较]　congratulate, celebrate
试一试　选择以上单词填空
④Congratulate on your success in the competition.
⑤People in the city held a great party to celebrate their victory.
⑥We celebrate Mother's day in honor of our mothers.
辨一辨
congratulate 作“祝贺，道贺”解时，应以被祝贺的人作宾语，用介词on或upon引出祝贺的原因
celebrate 表示举行仪式、典礼的庆祝，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语。
2.permit vt.& vi.允许，准许 n．许可证
[高考佳句]　Mobile phone c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.(2013·天津高考阅读A)
在这个图书馆的任何地方，手机谈话都不允许。
　 允许某人做某事
　 permit doing sth. 允许做某事
(2)permission n．[U] 允许，许可
with/without one's permission
获取某人同意/没有获得某人许可
ask for permission 请求允许
①Students are not perm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itted to use calculators when they take college entrance tests.
在参加大学入学考试时学生不允许使用计算器。
②No reference books ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to be taken out of the reading room without_permission.
本阅览室参考书不得私自携出。
[链接高考]
(2012·新课标全国卷)The party will be held in the garden, weather ________.
A．permitting　　　　　　　　　B．to permit
C．permitted D．permit
解析：选A　句意：如果天气允 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )许的话，聚会将在花园里举行。weather permitting (＝ if weather permits)为独立主格结构，因为weather是permit这个动作的发出者，故用现在分词形式。
3．adjust vi.& vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节
[教材原句]　It's quit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.
看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很有趣。
(1)adjust to (doing) sth.
　　　　 适应(做)某事，习惯(做)某事
adjust ...to ... 将……调整到……；使……适应……
adjust oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己适应(做)某事
(2)adjustment n. 调整，适应
make an adjustment 做出调整
①He wants to do well in his studies and adjust to the new culture.
他想把书读好并且让自己能够适应新的文化。
②These desks and seats can be adjusted to the height of any child.
这些桌椅可以随儿童的身高而调整。
③If fate does not adj ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ust_itself_to you, you should make an_adjustment_to fate.
命运不迁就你，你就要学会迁就命运。
4．accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的
[教材原句]　Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.
很多外国人很难习惯这一点。
(1)get/become/grow/be accustomed (＝used) to (doing) sth.　
习惯于(做)某事
(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于
accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.
使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
①Most developed nat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ions have become dependent on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it.(2012·江苏高考完形)
多数发达国家依赖于数码技术只是因为他们已经习惯于这项技术。
②No one wishes to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) deal with a person who is accustomed to breaking_his_word.
谁也不愿意与惯于食言的人打交道。
③It shouldn't ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke long to accustom your students to working in groups.
你的学生应该很快就会习惯分组学习的。
[名师指津]　be accustomed to表示状态；而become/get/grow accustomed to表示非延续的动作。
5．familiar adj.通晓；熟悉
[教材原句]　For example, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I have fond childhood memories of Bonfire Night, but my American friends are not familiar with that particular festival.
例如：我有童年时篝火节的温馨回忆，但是我的美国朋友对那个特别的节日竟然不太了解。
①The man seemed familiar, but I could not quite place him.
这人很面熟，但是我记不清在哪儿见过他。
be familiar to　　　　 为……所熟悉
be familiar with 精通……，通晓……
②Guo Degang has b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecome a crosstalk performer familiar to every one of us.
郭德刚已成为一位我们大家熟悉的相声演员。
③We're quite familiar with each other; my room neighbours his.
我们很熟悉，我的房间挨着他的。
[名师指津]　be familiar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to的主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人；be familiar with的主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或物。
6．account n. [C]描述，叙述；解释，说明；账户vt.认为vi.解释；占
[教材原句]　You will hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e the chance to join one of these large assemblies and take part in the dancing, listen to traditional accounts of bravery, and play games.
你将有机会加入这些大型集会中的一个并参与跳舞活动，聆听他们传统的英勇故事，还可以参与游戏节目。
(1)give an account of 给予描述；进行说明
take sth.into account/take account of sth.
认真考虑某事
on account of 由于，因为
on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
open an account 开一个账户
(2)account for (在数量和比例上)占，占据；是……的原因；
对……做出解释和说明
①The newspaper gave an incorrect account of the traffic accident.
这报纸给予的关于交通事故的叙述是不正确的。
②Innocent people get into trouble on account of others' misfortune.
城门失火，殃及池鱼。
③On no accou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt are_visitors_allowed to feed animals in the wild animal park.
决不允许游客在野生动物区给动物喂食。
④These products, in total, account_for about 80% of all our sales.
这些产品总共约占我们全部销售额的80%。
[熟词生义]　猜测句中account的含义
⑤The advertising ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )agency has lost several of its most important accounts.
A．老顾客　　　　B．解释　　　　C．描述
答案：A
[链接高考]
(2011·天津高考)I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ______ a bank account after I made$1,000 by doing a part time job during the summer vacation.
A．borrowed B．opened
C．entered D．ordered
解析：选B　句意：暑假我做兼职工作挣了1 000美元之后，我开了一个银行账户。open an account“开一个账户”，符合题意。
二、间考词汇自识记
1．ensure vt.保证，担保，确保
①ensure sb. sth./ensure sth. for (to) sb.
保证某人获得某物；保证给予某人某物
②ensure sb. against/from sth.
保护某人免受危害，使某人安全
Every few years, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the coal workers have their lung X rays to ensure their health.
矿工们每隔几年就要做肺部X光检查以确保健康。
2．offence n．冒犯；侮辱；触怒；犯法(行为)；罪过
①give/cause offence to sb.　　　 得罪某人
②take offence (at sth.) (因某事而)生气
His words gave great offence to everybody present.
他的话得罪了在场的所有人。
[单词对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．According to e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xperts, China needs to________ its one child family planning policy to fight against a worsening gender (性别) imbalance and an aging population.
A．arrange B．apply
C．adapt D．adjust
解析：选D　句意：据专家分析，中国 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )需要调整独生子女政策来应对性别不平衡和老龄化问题。arrange“整理，安排”；apply“申请，应用”；adapt“使适合，适应，改编”；adjust“调整，修正”。
2．(2014·安徽皖西四 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )校联考)—Hi, Mum. I got promoted for my wonderful performance in my work.
—________
A．Congratulations! B．Best wishes.
C．Good luck. D．Don't mention it.
解析：选A　孩子因在工作中表现得好而得到提升，妈妈应该表示“祝贺”，故选A。
3．(2014·皖北协作区联考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))The old man was born and lived in the neighborhood, so he was ________ with this area.
A．curious B．particular
C．similar D．familiar
解析：选D　句意：这位老人在这个街区出生并生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )活，所以他对这里很熟悉。be familiar with“对……熟悉”，符合句意。 curious“好奇的”和particular“特别的”一般与about搭配；similar“相似的”，与to搭配。
4．(2014·苏北四市调研)—They are quiet, aren't they
—Yes. They are accustomed ________ at meals.
A．to talk B．to not talk
C．to talking D．to not talking
解析：选D　句意：“他们很安静，是吗 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )？”“是的，他们习惯在吃饭的时候不说话。”be accustomed to“习惯”，为固定短语。其中的to为介词，后接名词或动名词。由句意可知应选D。
5．(2014·芜湖高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )模拟)Our new research strategy________ that we get the best possible results.
A．improves B．ensures
C．offers D．thinks
解析：选B　句意：我们新的研究计划保证了我们能取得最好的结果。ensure“保证，确保”，符合题意。
6．(2014·常州高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )模拟)Although the authorities ________ people from climbing up that section of the Great Wall, some people still visit that area.
A．quit B．prohibit
C．object D．oppose
解析：选B　prohibit sb. from doing sth.“禁止某人做某事”。
Ⅱ.多维演练
　permit万花筒
1．用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Time permitting (permit), I may go to Shanghai with my friends.
②The owners don't permit parking (park) cars in front of the shops.
③Without permission (permit), you can't take the materials away.
2．(2014·江苏南通中学模拟)P ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )assengers are permitted________ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A．to carry B．carrying
C．to be carried D．being carried
解析：选A　句意：乘客只允许携带一个手提行李包登机。本句用的结构是sb. be permitted to do sth.，故选A。
　account点点练
1．用account的相关短语完成句子
①Everything taken_into_account (考虑), the plan is quite practical.
②The poor weather may have accounted_for (是……的原因) the small crowd.
③She retired early on_account_of (由于) her health.
④On_no_account (决不) must you disturb me when I am at work.
2．句型转换(每空一词)
⑤The company takes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )environmental issues into account wherever possible.
→The company takes account of environmental issues wherever possible.
3．(2014·山东省十二校高三联考)M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uch to our surprise, the witness's ________ of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects.
A．account B．opinion
C．instruction D．explanation
解析：选A　句意：很让我们吃惊的是，目 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )击者对这起交通事故的描述在几个方面和官方的版本不同。account“描述”，符合句意。opinion“看法”；instruction“说明”；explanation“解释”。
1．let alone 更不用说
[教材原句]　In his youth, h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owever, he never left his hometown, let alone travelled to another country, because he had to work to support his family.
然而，他在青年时代就从未离开过家乡，更不用说到过另外的国家了，因为他不得不工作养活他的家人。
①They didn't ev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en touch on that question at the meeting, let alone discuss it.
会上他们根本没有提到那个问题，更谈不上讨论了。
②He can't even un ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )derstand simple conversations, let_alone difficult ones.
简单的对话他尚且都不懂，更何况难的了。
leave/let sb.alone　　　　 别烦某人
leave/let sth.alone 别碰某物；别管某事
③Please leave me alone. I need a quiet place to think it over.
请不要打扰我。我需要安静的地方思考。
[名师指津]　let alo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne“更不用说”，相当于一个插入语，但其后所接的词的形式要求与前面的平行一致，一般用于否定句之后。其同义短语是not to mention。
2．take up 占据(时间或空间等)；开始从事；接着，继续；拿起
[教材原句]　I have no idea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )what he will do with them all, and it took up a lot of time.
我不知道他将如何对待所有的这一切，而且它占用了大量的时间。
[一词多义]　写出下列句中take up的含义
①The area of Asia takes up 27 per cent of the world's total.占据
②The teacher took up the lesson where he left off yesterday.接着，继续
③He had studied Japan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ese for a year and a half before he took up English.开始从事
④I always take up the book and read when I am in my low spirits.拿起
3．have power over 控制，支配
[教材原句]　The Plains Indi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ans believe in the Great Spirit who has power over all things including animals, trees, stones and clouds.
平原印第安人信奉至上神，认为至上神对包括动物、树木、石头和云彩在内的一切拥有控制权。
①That we have power over a situation gives us a feeling of power.
我们控制了局面使我们感到自己很强大。
in power　　　　　　　　　　 在掌权
come to/into power 上台执政，掌权
beyond one's power 为某人能力所不及
in/within one's power 在能力/权力之内
do everything in one's power 尽力做某事
②I shall be happy to give you any information in my power.
我将很乐意向您提供我所知道的任何信息。
③Now that I don ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'t want to help you, but it's beyond_my_power to do so.
不是我不愿意帮你，只因我爱莫能助。
[短语对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.选词填空
1．He is quite familiar_with the city because he is a native of it.
2．Once you have this c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raziness, you can achieve anything you want, let_alone learning English.
3．The house belonging_to Mr Smith is very big and worth $800,000.
4．Before you start to work, I'll show you around all the offices.
5．After summing up the last lesson, we will take_up the new lesson.
6．In my opinion, nobody can have_power_over anyone else's fate.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·苏州高三质 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )量预测)Since Jerry is absent today, let's get someone else to ________ the work where it was left off yesterday.
A．take in　　　　　　　　　　 B．take down
C．take up D．take off
解析：选C　句意：由于Jerry今天缺席，我们让别人从昨天停下来的地方继续做这项工作。take up“继续(他人未完成的事)”，符合句意。
2．(2014·无锡高三模拟)—Are you getting a new computer this week
—You must be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )joking! I can't afford to pay my school fees, ________ buy a new computer.
A．let alone B．let down
C．or rather D．other than
解析：选A　句意：“本周你要买台电脑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )吗？”“你一定在开玩笑吧！我学费都付不起，更不用说买电脑了。”let alone“更不用说”，符合句意。
3．(2014·安徽联盟联考)I am ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sorry it's beyond my ________ to make a final decision on this project.
A．strength B．power
C．force D．energy
解析：选B　句意：很抱歉，关于这个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )项目我无权做出最终决定。power“权力，影响力，能力”；beyond one's power“超出某人的权力范围”。
1．Many foreigners have_trouble_getting accustomed to it.
很多外国人很难习惯这一点。
have (there is) t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rouble (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事有困难”；trouble为不可数名词，前面可加修饰词much, little, no等。trouble可换用difficulty(不可数名词)；若trouble后跟名词，介词in换成with。
①Not having go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t enough hands, we had great difficulty in carrying out the task.
由于人手不够，我们完成任务有很大困难。
②Tom and his fat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her had trouble with Chinese customs and culture during the travel.
这次旅行中，汤姆和他的父亲在中国习俗和文化方面遇到了麻烦。
[名师指津]　对于句式have tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ouble/difficulty doing sth.的考查，常把trouble/difficulty 提前，后跟定语从句，省略介词in，导致have与后面的动名词连在一起，要注意辨别。
③You can hardly im ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )agine the difficulty we had (in)_solving_the_problem.
你简直想象不到我们解决这个问题时遇到的困难。
[联想归纳]　我们学过的与have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.类似的结构还有：
做某事有困难
③find_some/great/no/little__difficulty_in_doing_sth.
发现在做某事方面有些/很大/没有/几乎没有困难
2．One_reason_why ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )there are so many French words in English is_that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.
英语里有如此多的法语词汇的原因是法国人曾统治英格兰很长时间。
(1)The reason why ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )... is that ... 表示“……的原因是……”。在此句型中why 引导定语从句修饰 the reason; that 引导表语从句，说明the reason 的内容。
①The reason why w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
(2)The reason why ... is that ... 的变化形式是：
The reason for ... is that ...
②The reason for their success is that they knew how to study.
他们成功的原因在于他们知道如何学习。
[名师指津]　主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。
[句型对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．在美国时，你使用英语有什么困难吗？
Did you have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_any_trouble_with your English when you were in America
2．业余时间看笑话书是很有趣的。
It is interesting reading a joke book in spare time.
3．大家认为艾滋病毒能逐渐破坏人的免疫系统。
It_is_believe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d_that the virus of AIDS can break down the immune system gradually.
4．他失败的原因是因为他太骄傲了。
The_reason_why he failed is that he was too proud.
5．他没有出席会议的原因是他突然病倒了。
The_reason_why he didn't attend the meeting was_that he fell ill.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2014·盐城高三模拟)S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome students have trouble ______ grammar while others have difficulty ________ new words.
A．in; remember B．with; to remember
C．on; remembering D．with; remembering
解析：选D　句意：有的学生学语法困 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )难，有的记单词困难。have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth./with sth. “做某事有困难”。
2．(2014·安徽开城中学模拟)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he reason________ he gave for not having finished the task on time was________ there was too little time.
A．why; that B．that; that
C．why; because D．that; because
解析：选B　________ he gave for not ... on time是定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，关系词在从句中作宾语，故用that; The reason is that ...，“原因是……”，为固定句式。
虚拟语气(Ⅰ)
1．(2014·安徽六校高三素质测试) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )If they hadn't produced the capsule drugs, many people's health________.
A．haven't been harmed
B．isn't harmed
C．wasn't harmed
D．wouldn't have been harmed
解析：选D　句意：如果他们不生产 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )毒胶囊，许多人的健康就不会受到危害。该句考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句应用“would have done”结构，故选D。
2．(2014·南京高三质检)—Will you accept the job offer
—If I ________ five years younger, I ________ it.
A．were; would have taken
B．had been; would take
C．were; would take
D．had been; would have taken
解析：选C　句意：“你将 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )接受这份工作吗？”“如果我能年轻五岁的话，我就会接受这份工作。”由语境可知，if虚拟条件句表示与现在事实相反，故从句谓语动词用were或did形式，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should/might＋do”，故选C。
3．(2014·浙江十校学期初联考)__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.
A．If I devoted B．Had I devoted
C．Would I be devoted D．Should I be devoted
解析：选B　句意：要是我把更多的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )精力放在学习上而不是疯狂地玩游戏，我现在就会坐在舒适的办公室里了。从句表示与过去的事实相反，省略if之后需倒装，主句表示与现在的事实相反。
4．(2014·苏、锡、常、镇高 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三调研)We ________ for the spring outing last week had it not been for the thick fog.
A．would go B．could go
C．could have gone D．must have gone
解析：选C　句意：如果不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是因为浓雾的话，我们上个星期就能去春游了。“had it not been for the thick fog”，是“if it had not been for the thick fog”的省略形式，由此可知此处表示和过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句应用would/could/might have done形式。故C项正确。
5．(2014·苏南五校模拟)—Lily went to see the movie alone.
—If she ________ me about it, I would have gone with her.
A．should tell B．tells
C．told D．had told
解析：选D　答语是对过去事实的虚拟，所以从句应用过去完成时。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·山东临沂高三一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )模)In a way, ________ global warming is a challenge for man, so we must overcome it to build ________ fine world.
A．the; /　　　　　　　　　　　 B．a; the
C．a; / D．/; a
解析：选D　句意：从某种意义上 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )说，全球变暖是对人类的一个挑战，因此为了建立一个美好的世界我们必须战胜全球变暖。global warming为抽象名词，其前不用冠词；第二空表泛指，要用不定冠词a，表示“一个美好的世界”。
2．(2014·江南十校高三联考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The winner of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature, Mo Yan, said he did not have high ________ of winning. Actually, he thought he had a slim chance to win.
A．assumptions B．expectations
C．satisfactions D．impressions
解析：选B　句意：2012年诺贝尔文学奖 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的获得者莫言说他对得奖的期望不高。实际上，他认为他得奖的可能性不大。expectation“期望”，符合句意。assumption“假设，假定”；satisfaction“满足，满意”；impression“印象”。
3．(2014·宿迁高三模拟)I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) went through a period of emotional ________ after I failed in that important examination.I feel better now.
A．adjustment B．commitment
C．occupation D．negotiation
解析：选A　句意：在那次重要的考试失败 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后，我熬过了一段时间的情绪调节期。现在感觉好多了。adjustment“(行为、思想的)调整，适应”，符合句意。commitment“承诺，保证”；occupation“占有，职业”；negotiation“谈判”。
4．(2014·滁州高三模拟)—It i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a pity that two villagers died in the landslide.
—If they ________ five minutes earlier, the tragedy ________.
A．were warned; would be avoided
B．were warned; would have been avoided
C．had been warned; would have been avoided
D．had been warned; would be avoided
解析：选C　此处表达的是与过 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )去事实相反的假设，故条件状语从句和主句分别用过去完成时和would have done形式，且根据语意可知应用被动语态形式，故答案为C。
5．(2014·徐州高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )质检)The new rule has come into effect that at no time ________ in public places.
A．is smoking permitted B．smoking is permitted
C．permits smoking D．does smoking permit
解析：选A　at no time意为“决 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不”，位于句首时构成部分倒装句。smoking为从句主语，和permit之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态。
6．(2014·江西六所重点中学3月模 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )拟)—Tom has played a lot of computer games recently.
—Yes, that might________ his failure in the mid term examinations.
A．account for B．answer for
C．ask for D．stand for
解析：选A　句意：“汤姆最近玩太多电脑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )游戏了。”“是的，这也许是他期中考试失利的原因。”account for“是……的说明(或原因)”，符合句意。answer for“对……负责，因……受到谴责”；ask for“要求，请求”；stand for“代表”。
7．Some research ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has indicated that unemployed workers should________ any job they can get, including temporary work, as a bridge to well paid employment.
A．build up B．take up
C．make up D．bring up
解析：选B　句意：一些研究 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表明，失业工人应该从事他们能找到的任何工作，包括临时工作，以此作为找到高薪工作的桥梁。这里用take up表示“开始从事”。build up“建立，加强”；make up“构成，组成”；bring up“提出，教育”。
8．(2014·湘潭模拟)Do y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou know the difficulty he, an elderly person of no family, had ________ five orphans at school
A．keeping B．to keep
C．having kept D．to have kept
解析：选A　句意：你知道他这 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )样一个孤寡老人供五个孤儿上学的困难吗？have difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事有困难”。本句是这个句型的变形，故选A。
9．(2014·江苏洪翔中学高三检测) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )—I've passed the driving test, and I'll get my driving licence in June.
—________.
A．No problem B．Congratulations
C．Good luck D．I can't tell
解析：选B　由“我已经通过驾驶考试，将于六 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )月份拿到驾照”可知，答话人应向他表示“祝贺”，故选B。A项表示“没问题”，通常用于表示同意；C项表示“祝你好运”；D项表示“我说不准”。
10．(2014·皖北协 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作区联考)I haven't decided on the menu yet, let alone ________ the food.
A．buying B．to buy
C．bought D．buy
解析：选C　句意：我还没决定吃什么菜呢，更不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )必说买食物了。let alone“更别提；更不用说”，后跟与前面部分相对应的谓语或名词。这里前面部分是完成时态，所以用过去分词。
11．(2014·南京三中高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )模拟)The suggestion came from the general________ the soldiers ________ camp after dark.
A．that; be prohibited from leaving
B．whether; were prohibited to leave
C．that; were prohibited from leaving
D．whose; should be prohibited to leave
解析：选A　句意：将军的建议是天黑之后， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )禁止士兵离开营地。第一个空所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的内容，且引导词在从句中不作成分也无意义，故用that; suggestion后的名词性从句中应用虚拟语气形成“(should＋) do”，故选A。
12．(2014·安徽怀远一中月考)—Are you getting on well with your workmates
—Well, almost none is ________ with me up till now.
A．familiar B．aware
C．similar D．known
解析：选A　句意：“你和同事们相 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )处得好吗？”“哦，我和他们到现在都还不太熟悉。”familiar“熟悉的”，be familiar with“熟悉，通晓”，符合句意。aware“意识到的，知道的”，常和of搭配；similar“相似的”，和to搭配；known“已知的”。
13．(2014·淮安高三模拟)________ today, he would get there by Friday.
A．Was he to leave B．Was he leaving
C．Were he to leave D．If he leaves
解析：选C　句意：如果他今 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )天出发的话，那么周五之前就可以到那里了。由主句中的would及句意可知，这里是与将来事实相反的假设，从句中的谓语可以用were to do的形式，且从句可以省去if，并将were置于句首。
14．(2014·南京高三模拟)An ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the only reason ________ he's cutting down his workers' wages is ________ he's in a very difficult position and has no alternative.
A．why; because B．that; why
C．why; that D．/; because
解析：选C　第一个空，定语从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句的先行词为reason，关系词在从句中作状语，所以用why引导定语从句；第二空说明reason的内容，根据系动词is可看出这是表语从句，即句型The reason why ... is that ...
15．(2014·湘中名校联考)Many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )restaurant workers are accustomed ________ tips on to go orders, so even if you give only a couple of dollars, I'm sure it will be appreciated.
A．to receive B．to not receive
C．to receiving D．to not receiving
解析：选C　be accus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tomed to“习惯于……”，其中to是介词，后应跟名词或动名词作宾语，故可排除A、B两项，由语境可知是习惯于接受小费，故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2014·淮北高三模拟)Mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther used to ask me what the most important part of the body is. Through the years I would __1__ a guess at what I thought was the correct __2__. When I was younger, I thought sound was very important to us humans, __3__ I said, “My ears, Mommy.” She said, “No. Many people are __4__.”
Since making my fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rst attempt, I had considered the correct answer carefully. So several __5__ later, I told her, “Mommy, __6__ is very important to everybody, so it must be our __7__.” She looked at me and told me, “You are learning fast, but the answer is not correct because there are many people who are blind.”
Over the years, M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )other asked me a couple more times and always her answer was __8__. Then last year, my grandpa died. Everybody was __9__. When it was our turn to say our final __10__ to Grandpa, my Mom asked me, “Have you found the answer to my usual question — what is the most important body part __11__， my son？”
I was __12__ when she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) asked me this now. I always thought this was a game between her and me. She saw the __13__ on my face and told me, “This question is very important. It shows that you have really lived your life. For every body part you gave me __14__， I have told you were wrong and I have given you an example __15__. But today is the day you need to learn this important lesson.” She looked down at me as only a mother can. I saw her eyes well up with tears. She said, “Son, the most important body part is your __16__.” I asked, “Is it because it holds up my head？”
She replied, “No, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it is because it can hold the head of a friend or a loved one when they cry. Everybody needs a shoulder to __17__ on sometime in life, my son. I only hope that you have enough love and friends that you will always have a shoulder to cry on when you __18__ it.”
Then and there I kn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ew the most important body part is not a selfish one — it is sympathetic to the __19__ of others. People will forget what you said. People will forget what you did. But people will __20__ forget how you made them feel.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章通过作者母亲提出的问题告诉我们“人身体最重要的部分是肩膀。因为肩膀可以让别人趴在上面哭泣并且能给痛苦的人带去安慰与同情”。
1．A.make　　　　　　　　 B．reply
C．think D．contribute
解析：选A　句意：这么多年来，我猜我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )当时想的是正确答案。make a guess at ...“对……猜测”，是固定搭配，符合文意。故答案A符合文意。
2．A.guess B．answer
C．part D．choice
解析：选B　句意：这么多年 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )来，我猜我所想的是正确答案(answer)。与第二段第一句“Since making my first attempt, I had considered the correct answer carefully.”相呼应，故答案B符合文意。
3．A.anyhow B．otherwise
C．therefore D．however
解析：选C　句意：在我小的时候，我认为声音对 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们人类很重要，因此(therefore)我说：“我的耳朵，妈妈。”空格前后是因果关系。故答案C符合文意。
4．A.deaf B．blind
C．dumb D．disabled
解析：选A　句意：不，很多人是聋子(deaf)。与上文中的sound和ears相呼应，可推知答案A符合文意。
5．A.days B．minutes
C．months D．years
解析：选D　根据第三段中的“Over the years ...”和语境可知，答案D符合文意。
6．A.hearing B．touching
C．sight D．taste
解析：选C　句意：多年以后，我告诉妈妈 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )说，“妈妈，视力(sight)对每个人都很重要。因此我们的眼睛应该是最重要的了。”与下文中的“there are many people who are blind”相呼应，故答案C符合文意。
7．A.eyes B．ears
C．hands D．legs
解析：选A　根据下文中的“there are many people who are blind”可推知，答案A符合文意。
8．A.right B．wrong
C．the same D．different
解析：选C　句意：多年来，妈妈又问过我几次 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，而她的回答总是一样的(the same)。根据第一次和第二次妈妈的否定回答，和本句中的“always”可知，答案C符合文意。
9．A.injured B．hurt
C．wounded D．damaged
解析：选B　句意：去年，爷爷去世了，每个人都 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )很伤心(hurt指心灵上的创伤)。故答案B符合文意。injure“在意外事故中受伤”；wound“一般指外伤”；damage“破坏”，均不符合语境，故排除。
10．A.sorry B．hello
C．good bye D．yes
解析：选C　句意：当轮到我们和爷爷最后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )告别(good bye)的时候，妈妈问我：“你有没有找到我经常问你的那个问题的答案——什么是我们身体最重要的部分，我的孩子？”根据常识可知，爷爷去世了，应该是来和他告别的，故答案C符合文意。
11．A.already B．still
C．though D．yet
解析：选D　句意：当轮到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们和爷爷最后告别的时候，妈妈问我，“你有没有想出我经常问你的那个问题的答案——什么是我们身体最重要的部分，我的孩子？”yet“已经”，常用于否定句或疑问句，表示到目前为止，符合文意。故答案D符合文意。already和still常用于肯定句；though“然而”，常用于句末，均不符合语境，故排除。
12．A.pleased B．shocked
C．disappointed D．satisfied
解析：选B　句意：她这个时候问我这个问 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题让我很吃惊(shock)。由语境可知，母亲在作者向爷爷最后告别时提这个问题，作者感觉有些意外。故答案B符合文意。
13．A.confusion B．smile
C．question D．excitement
解析：选A　句意：她看出了我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )脸上的困惑(confusion)，然后告诉我……由语境和句意可知，作者对母亲在这个时候问这个问题感到吃惊和困惑，故答案A符合文意。
14．A.in the future B．at present
C．in the past D．for the moment
解析：选C　根据下文“But today”和上文语境可知，答案C符合文意。
15．A.how B．why
C．what D．where
解析：选B　句意：对于过 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )去你每次给出的答案，我都说你错了，而且我当时都给你举了例子说明为什么(why)。根据下文中的“Is it because it holds up my head？”可知，答案B符合文意。
16．A.back B．head
C．neck D．shoulder
解析：选D　句意：儿子， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )身体最重要的部分是你的肩膀(shoulder)。与下文中的“Everybody needs a shoulder to ...”相呼应，故答案D符合文意。
17．A.cry B．rest
C．put D．carry
解析：选A　句意：在一生中，有时候每个人都会需要一个肩膀可以趴在上面哭泣。根据本段中多次出现的cry一词可推知，答案A符合文意。
18．A.accept B．get
C．need D．have
解析：选C　句意：我只希望你有足够的爱和足够 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )多的朋友，在你需要(need)的时候，可以有个肩膀让你去哭泣。与上文中的“Everybody needs a shoulder to ...”相呼应，故答案C符合文意。
19．A.embarrassment B．pain
C．anger D．awareness
解析：选B　句意：就在那时，那个地方， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我意识到身体最重要的部分不是一种自我的东西，而是一种对他人痛苦(pain)的同情。根据空格前的“sympathetic”和选项可知，答案B符合文意。
20．A.never B．ever
C．completely D．forever
解析：选A　句意：但是人们绝不会(never ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))忘记你给他们的安慰。根据此句中的“But”可知，此处与上文提到的两种情况形成对比。故答案A符合文意。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2014·淮安涟水中学调 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )研)I am frequently joked by my family because I have no sense of direction. Once, when we were discussing death, my son jokingly remarked, “Well, I certainly hope there are heavenly guides, Mother, otherwise, you will never find the way.”
Smiling, I as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sured him that I wasn't worried. “I'll just watch for the hill with the privet hedge (女贞树篱)，” I said. When his eyebrows came together in a questioning frown, I began to tell him a story about my father.
Pop was raised in a fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )therless home at a time when government assistance was unheard of, so the family of five struggled mightily to survive. That Spartan (斯巴达人) upbringing caused my father to be extremely mean.
When we children — tw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o older brothers and myself — became aware that other children got spending money from their parents, we made the mistake of asking Pop for some. His face turned stone cold.“If you're old enough to ask, you're old enough to earn，” he rumbled. And so, when the need arose, we went to the neighborhood quickly seeking odd jobs or selling produce from the garden.
His attitude didn't s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )often as we grew into adulthood and drifted away to jobs or college. There was a period of time when none of us had a car, so we had to ride the bus whenever we came home. Though the bus stopped about two miles from home, Pop never met us, even in severe weather. If someone complained, he'd say in his loudest father voice, “That's what your legs are for！”
So when I went away t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o college, I knew I was in for a long walk whenever I came home. The walk didn't bother me as much as the fear of walking alone along the highway and country roads. I also felt less than valued that my father didn't seem concerned about my safety. However, that feeling was canceled one spring evening.
It had been a part ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icularly difficult week at college. Tests and long hours in labs had left me exhausted. I longed for home and a soft bed. As other students were met at their stops, I gazed wistfully out the window. Finally, the bus stopped at my destination point, and I stepped off, lugging my suitcase to begin the long trek home.
A row of privet he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dge edged the driveway that climbed the hill to our house. Once I had turned off the highway to start the last lap of my journey, I was always relieved to see the hedge because it meant that I was almost home.
On that parti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cular evening, the hedge had just come into view when a gentle rain began to fall. I stopped to put a book in my suitcase and when I stood up, I saw something gray skimming along the top of the hedge, moving toward the house. Upon closer observation, I realized it was the top of my father's head. Then I knew — each time I'd come home, he had stood behind the hedge, watching, until he knew I had arrived safely. I swallowed hard against the threatening tears. He did care, after all.
On later visits, th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at spot of gray became my beacon (指路明灯). I could hardly wait until I was close enough to watch for its covert (若隐若现) movement above the greenery. Upon reaching home, I would find my father sitting innocently in his chair. “So! It's you！” he'd say, his face lengthening into mock surprise.
“So you see，” I told ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )my son, “I'm not worried about finding my way to heaven when I die.”I think I'll see a row of privet hedge climbing a hill, and my father will be waiting at the top. “So! It's you！” he'll say.
And I'll reply as I did then, “Yes, Pop, it's me. I'm home.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇叙事散文。文章主要回忆 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了父亲Pop正视家庭困境，鼓励孩子们自立自强，用自己的双手创造生活。父亲也是一个慈善的人，他用他独特的爱鼓舞着孩子们。
1．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．Pop was brought up by his relatives
B．Pop pushed his children to be independent
C．Pop didn't care about his children
D．Pop was too poor to provide pocket money
解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段第三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“‘If you're old enough to ask, you're old enough to earn，’ he rumbled.”和第四句“... we went to the neighborhood quickly seeking odd jobs or selling produce from the garden.”以及下文内容可知，Pop并未直接满足孩子的要求，而是鼓励他们通过自己的劳动满足自己的物质要求，故B项正确。根据第三段第一句“Pop was raised in a fatherless home ... the family of five struggled mightily to survive.”可知，A项错误；C、D两项文中未提及。根据题意可知，答案选B。
2．The underlined ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )word “mightily” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________.
A．with great efforts B．with high possibility
C．with strong hope D．with a desperate attempt
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“Pop was raised in a fatherless home at a time when government assistance was unheard of”可知，Pop生活在没有父亲的家庭里，那个时代没有政府援助，所以他们一家人努力的生活着。故A项正确。
3．We can learn from Paragraphs 9 & 10 that Pop ________.
A．was poor in temper
B．was hard to communicate with
C．was kind in nature
D．was deaf to the kids' safety
解析：选C　细节理解题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据倒数第四段第四句中“... he had stood behind the hedge, watching, until he knew I had arrived safely.”以及倒数第三段第三句中“I would find my father sitting innocently in his chair”可知，Pop事实上是慈善的人。故C项正确。
4．Which of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )following cancelled the writer's original feeling of her father
A．Pop never met her at the bus stop even in bad weather.
B．Pop encouraged her to earn pocket money by doing odd jobs.
C．Pop stood behind the hedge secretly waiting for her coming back.
D．Pop forced her to walk a long way each time she came home.
解析：选C　推理判断题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据倒数第四段第四句中“... each time I'd come home, he had stood behind the hedge, watching, until he knew I had arrived safely”可知，Pop实际上是慈善的人，并不是作者先前所认为的吝啬又无情。故C项正确。A、B、D三项是作者对Pop先前的印象，故排除。
5．Why did the father s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it innocently in his chair when the author arrived home
A．He was too proud to show his real feelings.
B．He was too tired to meet the kids at their stops.
C．He didn't want the children to show sympathy for him.
D．He didn't want the children to discover his unique way of love.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据倒数 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三、四段的内容可知，每次作者回家，Pop实际上都在等候，以确保作者安全，但又装作若无其事的样子坐在椅子上。由此可以判断，他不想让孩子们知道他独特的爱。故D项正确。
6．Which do you think is the best title of the passage
A．The Privet Hedge B．Father's Secret
C．My Beacon Light D．Sense of Direction
解析：选B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )父亲对孩子是慈善的，他以独特的不表露出来的爱陪伴孩子成长。B项“爸爸的秘密”，切合文章主题。故B项正确。
Unit 4　Helping people around the world
　第一层级——背词汇、学写句，让作文有话可说
一、背词汇
[常用词汇]
(1)tradition n．　　　　　 传统
(2)festival n. 节日
(3)belief n. 信念
(4)relative n. 亲属
(5)reunion n. 重逢；团聚
(6)custom n. 风俗
(7)celebrate v. 庆祝
(8)decorate v. 装饰
(9)share v．　　　　　　 分享
(10)present v. 赠送
(11)clap v. 鼓掌
(12)greet v. 致意
(13)unusual adj. 不寻常的
(14)wonderful adj. 精彩的
(15)arrange v. 安排
[亮点词汇]
(1)significance n. 意义
(2)observe v．　　　　　　　 庆祝
(3)involve v. 包含；牵涉
(4)approach v. 逼近
(5)attractive adj. 吸引人的
(6)enjoy popularity 饮誉；深受欢迎
(7)a range of 一些
(8)attach importance to 重视
(9)dress up 打扮；装饰
(10)originate from 起源于……
二、学写句(按要求完成句子并背诵)
随着教师节的临近，我们班上决定换一种方式举办一场晚会来庆祝这个重要日子。 这个节日在我国非常流行。
As Teachers' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Day was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.(使用“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构改写句子) The festival has been very popular in our country.
With Teachers' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Day approaching， our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year. 　The festival has been enjoying_great_popularity in our country.
　
(Ⅰ)单词拼写
1．We had a long wai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t, but it was worthwhile (值得的) because we got the tickets.
2．Skill is acquire ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d (获得) through repeated practice, and practice makes perfect.
3．The research ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lacks (缺乏) solid evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.
4．You should a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lways study the alternative (可供选择的事物) before making a decision.
5．The river of our fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iendship runs a long course from a remote (遥远的) source.
6．Staff (全体员工) are en ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )couraged to use the library for professional self development.
7．That big tree on t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he bank of the river might afford us shelter (避身之处) from the rain.
8．Remember, ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sks are only a means (方式) to an end; goals are that end.
9．That sudde ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nly reminded (提醒) her that she had promised to ring them up.
10．It is reasonable to demand equal (相等的) pay for equal (相同的) work.
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Bo Xilai 6 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )4, a former member of the political (politics) bureau of China's Central Committee was sentenced to life in prison at a court in Jinan, Shandong Province, on Sunday.
2．Annette Winkler, gl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )obal head of Smart, added the brand will continue to expand (expansion) dealership coverage and services.
3．The urgency (urgent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )) of the situation requires that we should make an immediate decision.
4．The hospital h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as a commitment (commit) to provide the best possible medical care.
5．Yet more than 120 m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )illion Africans still face dangerous like starvation (starve)．
(Ⅲ)语境填词
1．Every year you con ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tribute much money to our charity. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions you have made to us. (contribute)
2．One should never ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )make public property one's private possessions. We should possess what we want by working hard.(possess)
3．To assist our facto ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry, the assistant manager has made a promise to offer us technical and financial assistance.(assist)
1．You need money and time; in_addition (此外), you need diligence.
2．The purpose o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the article was to draw_people's_attention_to (使人们察觉到) the problems of environmental pollution.
3．Primary educat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion comes under_the_umbrella_of (在……的保护下) local government.
4．He had to pause from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air conditioning system broke_down (出故障)．
5．He messed up hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s work and his life, leaving everything in_chaos (处于混乱状态)．
6．There will be a fuss when the media get_hold_of (得到) the story.
7．Nowadays some hospit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )als refer_to (谈及) patients by name, not case number.
8．I agree that it is r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ight that everyone can make_a_difference (有影响) as long as he tries to.
9．Sitting by the tab ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le and looking at the photographs, I think_back_to (回想) my schooldays.
10．If_only (但愿) I had gone by taxi, I wouldn't have come late.
【短语归纳】
1．refer to 谈及，提到；查阅
2．in addition　 除……以外(还)
3．get hold of 得到；抓住
4．under the umbrella of 在……的保护下
5．if only 只要；但愿
6．break down 出故障；抛锚
7．in chaos 处于混乱状态
8．draw someone's attention to 使某人察觉到
9．think back to 回想
10．make a difference 有作用(关系、影响)
11．remind sb.of ... 让某人想起……
12．contribute ... to ...　 捐献……
1. This land was diffi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.
这块地过去难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。
[解读]　this land was di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fficult to farm 是“sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do”句式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
[仿写]　那位新来的同学很好相处。
The new classmate is_easy_to_get_along_with.
2．I would rather you hadn't told me about it.
我宁愿你还没有把那件事告诉我。
[解读]　would rather “宁愿，更喜欢”，后接从句时，从句用虚拟语气。
[仿写]　我宁愿没有失去那次得到新工作的机会。
I would rather that I hadn't_lost the chance of a new job.
3．If only there were more people donating money to charities!
但愿有更多的人给慈善机构捐款！
[解读]　if only“但愿， 要是……就好了”，常引导虚拟语气条件句或感叹句。
[仿写]　看看我遇到的麻烦！要是我听你的建议就好了。
Look at the trouble I am in! If only I had_taken_your_advice.
一、常考词汇细点拨
1．lack n．& vt.缺乏；不足
[教材原句]　When there is a lack of food, there is hunger.
当食物匮乏时，就会有饥饿。
(1)v.
(2)n.
(3)lacking adj.　　　　　　　 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in (在抽象事物方面)缺乏
①More than half of us admit we lack willpower.(2013·湖北高考阅读C)
我们中一半多的人承认缺乏意志力。
②Though there ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is no_lack_of entertainment aboard ship, he is not willing to work there.
尽管船上不缺少娱乐，但他还是不愿意在那里工作。
③Though Jack was lacki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng in experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm.
虽然杰克缺乏经验，但是他以满腔的工作热情来弥补不足。
[名师指津]　lack是表示状态的及物动词，不用于被动结构，也不用进行时。
2．equal adj.平等的；同等的，相同的；胜任的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与……相同或相等
[高考佳句]　So we chase ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren't necessarily happier.(2013·天津高考阅读D)
因此我们追逐它并把它等同于财富和成功，而没有注意到那些拥有这些东西的人未必就更幸福。
(1)be equal to (doing) sth. (in ...)
(在……方面)与……相等；能胜任……
equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth.
在(做)某事上比得过，敌得过某人/物
without equal　　　 无与伦比
(2)equally adv. 相等地，相同地
equality n. 平等，同等；均等
①She did not feel equal to receiving visitors.
她的身体不适，不能接见客人。
②He equals_me_in strength but not in intelligence.
他和我力气相等，但智力不同。
③They hold the view th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at people are born equal and should be treated equally.
他们认为人们生来平等，应该被同等对待。
[链接高考]
(2012·福建高考)Anyone, whe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther he is an official or a bus driver, should be ________ respected.
A．especially　　　　　 B．equally
C．naturally D．normally
解析：选B　句意：任何一个人，不管是政府官 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )员还是汽车司机都应该同样受到尊敬。especially“尤其；特别”；equally“相等地”；naturally“天然地；自然地”；normally“通常；正常地”。
3．contribute vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致；投稿
[教材原句]　They coll ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government.
他们每天从每个成员那里筹集到大约1.35元，然后汇集到政府所捐赠的款子上。
(1)contribute (sth.) to ...　　 (把……)贡献给……；(向……)捐款；投稿
contribute to ... 促成；有助于
(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件
make contributions/a contribution to ...
对……作出贡献
①The achievement ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your confidence.(2013·重庆高考完形)
一个特定目标的实现，使你感觉良好并有助于增强你的信心。
②I make most of m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y money by writing books but I do contribute_to magazines sometimes.
大部分钱是靠写书赚的，不过我的确有时也向杂志投稿。
③It is our duty to make contributions to our motherland.
为祖国做出贡献是我们的责任。
Many people contribu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted money to Project Hope, which contributed to many children returning to school.A teacher wrote an article about this and contributed it to a newspaper.许多人给希望工程捐钱，使许多孩子重返校园。一位老师据此写了一篇文章并向报社投了稿。
4.worthwhile adj. 重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
[教材原句]　There a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re lots of worthwhile programmes like this under the umbrella of the UN that have helped millions of people across the world.
在联合国的管理体系中，还有很多此类的重要项目，它们已经为全世界数以百万计的人提供了帮助。
①The teacher recomme ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nded some really worthwhile novels to his students.
老师推荐给学生一些真正有价值的小说。
②It is worthwhile to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) examine/examing how we will make greater progress in our studies.
研究一下我们如何在学习上取得更大的进步是值得的。
[辨析比较]　worthwhile, worth, worthy
试一试　选择以上单词填空
③All of us believe the old temple is worthy of being repaired.
④It's worthwhile continuing with the project.
⑤It's a very old machine so I shouldn't think it's worth anything.
辨一辨
词条 搭配 意义和用法
worthwhile ①It's worthwhile doing ...②It's worthwhile to do ... 值得做……
worth be worth＋ n． 值得……，值……
be worth doing “某事值得被做”要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。表示“很值得被做……”用副词well修饰
worthy be worthy of＋ n． 应得……
①be worthy of being done②be worthy to be done “某事值得被做”，接动名词时of 后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要用动名词的被动式； 接不定式时，worthy后要用不定式的被动式。worthy 作定语时，表示“有价值的，值得尊敬的”
5．alternative adj.可供替代的，其他的 n．[C]可供选择的事物
[教材原句]　If I had taken ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an alternative path and studied medicine, I would have acquired a lot of medical knowledge.
如果我选择了一条不同的路去学医的话，那我早就掌握了很多医学知识。
①If you don't like th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own.
要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐，你可以自己带饭。
alternative ways/methods　　　　 各种供选择的方法
an alternative to ... ……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
There is no alternative ... 别无选择
②Natural gas is anot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her abundant fuel that experts consider an alternative to gasoline.
天然气是专家们认为能代替汽油的另一种储量丰富的燃料。
③I had no alternative but_to_accept_the_offer.
我除了接受该项提议之外，别无选择。
6．means n．[C]手段，方法
[教材原句]　Health c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villages — no one has the means to pay them.
村庄里的医疗卫生条件是有限的，因为那里没有医生也没有护士——没有人有办法支付他们的报酬。
a means of ...　 ……的方法
means of production/transport/communication
生产工具/运输工具/通信手段
by means of 用，依靠；通过
by all means 无 论如何；千方百计地；当然可以(口语)
by no means/not by any means
绝对不；无论如何都不(用于句首，句子要倒装)
①In other words, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )English weather speak is a means of social bonding.(2013·重庆高考阅读E)
换句话说，英语中谈论天气的会话是一种社会纽带的方式。
②By no means is_pun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ishment a wise choice to assist them to grow up mentally and physically.
惩罚绝不是帮助他们身心成长的明智选择。
[名师指津]　means 是一个单复数同形的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查。means 前有every, each, one 等修饰语作主语时，谓语用单数；前有several, some, many, few, all等修饰语时，谓语用复数。
③All the means of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) communication between here and outside are interrupted.
这里与外界的各种通讯联系都中断了。
7．remind vt.提醒，使想起
[教材原句]　It remin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ded me of my time in Sudan, where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food.
这使我想起了自己在苏丹的日子，当时有好几名无国界医生组织的工作人员在人们争夺食物时受到了攻击。
remind sb. of sth.　　　 使某人想起某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that /wh clause
使某人想起……；提醒某人……
①But I don't m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ind, because I want to hear her say my name, which reminds me I'm home.(2013·四川高考)
但我不介意，因为我想听到她说我的名字，那提醒我我在家。
②My album of boyhood p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hotographs often reminds_me_of the past happiness.
童年时的相册经常让我想起儿时的欢乐。
③He reminds me to lock up the house when I go out.
他提醒我外出时锁好屋子的门窗。
[链接高考]
(2011·大纲全国卷Ⅱ)Mary, I________ John of his promise to help you.
A．told 　　　 B．reminded
C．warned 　　 D．advised
解析：选B　句意：玛丽，我提醒了约翰他要帮 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )助你的承诺。根据of的提示，首先排除A、D两项； remind sb. of sth.“提醒某人某事”；warn sb. of sth.“告诫某人某事”。根据句意可知应选B。
二、间考词汇自识记
1．expand vi.&vt.扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强
The population of the village has expanded in the past five years.
在过去的五年里这个村的人口增多了。
2．commitmentn. 承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事
①make a commitment　　　 做出承诺
②meet one's commitment 履行承诺
Once you make a commitment, you will have to meet your commitment.
一旦你做出承诺，你就必须履行承诺。
[单词对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·江南十校高三联 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考)Most of the people present at the meeting think poorly of the proposal, which they think will ________ the worsening of the environment.
A．adapt to　　　　　　　　　　 B．refer to
C．subscribe to D．contribute to
解析：选D　句意：大多数与会者都不看好这一提 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )议，他们认为它会导致环境的恶化。contribute to“导致，是……的原因之一”，符合句意。adapt to“适应”；refer to“参与，指的是”；subscribe to“订阅，赞同”。
2．(2014·苏州中学模拟)It took ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) him a long time to ________ the skills he needed to become a professional artist.
A．acquire B．inquire
C．require D．request
解析：选A　句意：他花了很 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )长一段时间才学会成为一名专业艺术家所需要的技能。acquire“得到，获得”，符合句意。inquire“询问”；require“需要”；request“请求”。
3．As exams draw closer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), there is a serious shortage of seats in libraries, so an increasing number of college students are looking for ________， for example, dining halls and cafes.
A．alternatives B．properties
C．opportunities D．possibilities
解析：选A　句意：随着考试的临近， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )图书馆常常一座难求，使得越来越多的大学生不得不另寻他处，比如餐厅和咖啡馆。alternative“可供选择的事物”，符合句意。property“所有物，财产，产物”；opportunity“机会”；possibility“可能性”。
4．(2014·皖南八校联考)By n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o means ________ true that all English people know their own language well.
A．is that B．that is
C．is it D．it is
解析：选C　句意：所有的英国人都通晓他们自己 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的语言，这绝不是真的。by no means“绝不”，表否定意义，位于句首时，句子用倒装结构；形式主语应用it，故选C。
5．(2014·西安标准化练习)—Ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll me at 9：00. I can't afford to miss such a conference.
—Don't worry. I'll surely________ you.
A．remind B．warn
C．inform D．remember
解析：选A　句意：“九点钟给我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )打电话。我不能错过这样的会议。”“别担心。我肯定会提醒你的。”remind“提醒”；warn“警告”；inform“通知”；remember“记得”。根据句意可知应选A。
Ⅱ.多维演练
　lack面面观
1．完成句子
①因为缺乏兴趣，这次旅行被取消了。
The trip was cancelled for_lack_of interest.
②我们想尽快和他们一起解决问题，但是他们似乎缺乏诚意。
We tried to ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ndle the problem with them as soon as possible. However, they seemed_to_be_lacking_in sincerity.
③她说她缺乏自信心。
She said she suffered from a_lack_of self confidence.
2．(2014·南师附中高三阶段性测试)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hough ________ words, the song, which is called Tan Te sung by Gong Linna, is very popular with people.
A．to lack B．lacking
C．lacked D．being lacked
解析：选B　句意：尽管没有歌词，但由龚琳 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )娜演唱的《忐忑》这首歌非常受人们欢迎。分析句子结构可以看出，主语the song与lack之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
　equal点点练
1．写出下列句子中equal的词性及含义
①The Tiangong 1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) looks like a cigar standing 1