选修八Unit 1 The written word
第三层级——背范文、学润色,让作文洋气十足
(2013·安徽高考)假设你校英语社团举 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )办以“讲求文明,从我做起”为主题的征文活动,请你以“On the Way to School”为题,写一篇英语短文。
内容主要包括:1.遵守交通法规;2.注意举止文明。
注意:1.词数120左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息;4.短文的题目已为你拟好,不计入总词数。
On the Way to School ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )These days, breaking ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment (现在分词短语作状语).Changing this situation (动名词短语作主语) requires considerable effort on the part of everyone.As for me, it should start on my way to school.I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way.If I ride a bike (条件状语从句), I'll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green (时间状语从句).If I walk, I'll never forget to use the pedestrian crossing.Meanwhile, I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy (it用作形式宾语,不定式作真正宾语).Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere (倒装句式), I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behavior will make a difference. On the Way to Sch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oolNowadays, wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h_more_and_more_cars appearing (随着越来越多的汽车出现。使用“with+宾语+宾补”结构), the streets become more crowded than before.Here comes another new problem, people sometimes break the traffic rules for their own convenience.As well educated students, we should try our best to relieve this worse situation by_behaving_ourselves_on_the_way_to_school (在上学路上行为规矩。使用“by+doing”结构).It is necessary tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t we should obey the traffic rules.By_no_means_should_we_go_through_the_red_light (我们决不要闯红灯。使用by no means引起的倒装句).Besides, we are supposed to mind our behavior.For example, we should not spit or litter on the street.If we take a bus to school, we shouldn't talk loudly and we should give our seats to other people_if_necessary (如果有必要的话。使用省略句式).What's more, when we come across people in need, it is also important that we give a hand to them.All in all, there are a variety of things that we can do to_make_our_city_more_harmonious_and_lovely (让我们的城市更加和谐、美丽。使用“make+复合宾语”不定式短语作目的状语) on the way to school only_if_there_is_a_will (只要有毅力。使用only if句式).Do not wait to join us!
(Ⅰ)单词拼写
1.When their busi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ness failed, the family banded together and worked to pay off the debts (债务).
2.She wrapped (包裹) it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up in pretty paper and brought it to her mother on her birthday.
3.The lifeboa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t rescued (营救) a dozen people and took them to the larger ship.
4.He looked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at the envelope (信封) and recognized Jenny's handwriting immediately.
5.China's inflation ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hit a seven month high in September, but economists said it would not lead the government to revise its reform (改革) policies.
6.The bureau (当局) f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orbids its officials to abuse (滥用) power for personal gain, taking bribes and collecting money.
7.She closed her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eyes tightly in a vain (徒劳的) attempt to hold back the tears.
8.It's true that the shoe shine boy becomes a millionaire (百万富翁).
9.Waterfalls are a f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )avourite theme (主题) for the painter from very early times.
10.Mr. Smith gradu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ally won a national reputation (名誉) as a financial expert.
(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Many exhibits wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h characteristics (character) of the Chinese art are on display.
2.Although he w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as poor, he was quite generous (generosity) to his needy friends.
3.We should try to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reform criminals (crime) through labour rather than punish them.
4.He doesn't fear death; why do you threaten (threat) him with it
5.On the whole, the a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ppearance of the house is luxurious and romantic (romance).
6.The round mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on is a symbol for completeness and family reunion (reunite).
(Ⅲ)语境填词
1.They went into to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wn with the intention of visiting the library, where they could borrow the books intended for children. (intend)
2.People who are re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sistant to change cannot resist change for the worse. (resist)
3.The tension became ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) unbearable. Facing the tense atmosphere, I wanted to scream. (tension)
1.If you are_bent_on ( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )决心) doing this, you must work hard and fight this battle through to victory.
2.With three young ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) children to take care of, Helen is kept on_the_run (忙碌) every minute of the day.
3.Show your student ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) card when borrowing books and borrow only one book at_a_time (每次).
4.The TV serial Drea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m of Red Mansions is_adapted_from (改编自) the well known novel with the same title.
5.Here are the fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rst three volumes, the fourth one to_come_out (出版) next month.
6.He stressed that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) students should live_up_to (达到) certain standards of behaviour.
7.The adventure sto ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry is_set_in (以……背景)London, drawing successfully on African traditions.
8.More importa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntly than all of that, she sings in_tune (音调准确). She has got absolutely great potential.
9.The fence a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )long the middle of the road is_intended_to (目的是) guard vehicles from crashing into each other.
10.Let me now deal mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re fully with the important question that was touched_on (涉及) earlier.
【短语归纳】
1.in print (书刊等)仍在印行;发表
2.be adapted from 改编自……
3.come out 出版,发行
4.at a time 每次
5.be based on 以……为基础
6.be bent on (doing) sth. 决心做某事
7.on the run 躲避;忙碌,不停地奔波
8.live up to 达到,符合(期望)
9.be set in 以……为背景
10.touch on 谈及,涉及
11.in tune 音调准确;演奏合调
12.be intended to do sth. 目的是做某事
1.This makes them diff ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icult for some people to read, so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.
对有些人来说,读经典作品是困难的,因此它们经常被搁置在书架上积满了灰尘。
[解读] “make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。
[仿写] 通讯卫星使国际间实况转播重要事件成为可能。
Communications satelli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tes have made international live transmission of important events possible.
2.Pip's sister ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.
皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他,但乔却是一个善良、淳朴的人,他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。
[解读] would rather do ...than do ...,意为“宁愿做……也不愿做……”。
[仿写] 我宁愿待在家里看点书,也不愿意和他们去购物。
I would_rather do some reading at home than go shopping with them.
3.Oliver gets arrested by the police and is taken to court.
奥利弗被警察抓住并被带到法庭上。
[解读] get arrested为“get+done”结构。
[仿写] 确实是非常危险,他差点受了重伤。
It was really very dangerous; he might have_got_badly_injured.
一、常考词汇细点拨
1.desperate adj.铤而走险的,拼命的,绝望的;非常需要,渴望
[教材原句] Pip, who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is seven years old when the story begins, is in a foggy cemetery when a desperate criminal appears and frightens him.
故事开始时,七岁的皮普正在浓雾弥漫的墓地中。这时一个亡命之徒冒了出来,把他吓坏了。
①Occasionally we do feel helpless and fall in desperate situation.
有时我们的确感到无助并陷入绝望。
be desperate for sth. 渴望某物
be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事
in desperate need of 非常需要
②The man lost in the desert was_desperate_for water.
在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望得到水。
③Graduates are desperate to get good jobs after graduation.
毕业生毕业后都渴望得到好工作。
2.vain adj.虚荣的,自负的;徒劳的,无结果的
[教材原句] Money and educ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ation, however, change him, and before long he becomes vain and ashamed of his background.
然而,金钱和教育改变了他,不久以后他变得虚荣,对自己的背景感到羞愧。
make a vain attempt/effort 徒劳的尝试/努力
in vain 徒劳地;无意义地
try in vain to do sth. 枉费心机地试图做某事
①He made a vain attempt to reach the big apple on the tree.
他试图够到树上的那个苹果,但没有成功。
②Money spent on the brain is never spent in_vain.
智力投资决不会白费。
3.resist vi.& vt.反抗,抵制,抵挡
[教材原句] Fagin and hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s group of criminals find him and drag him back into the life of crime, pressuring him with the threat of violence if he resists.
费金和他的犯罪团伙找到了奥利弗,强迫他回到犯罪的生活,如果他反抗就用暴力威胁来给他施加压力。
(1)resist (doing) sth. 抵制(做)某事
can't resist doing sth. 抵挡不住做某事的诱惑
(2)resistant adj. 有抵抗力的
be resistant to ... 对……抗拒的
(3)resistance n. 抵抗,反抗
①Lack of proper nourishment reduces their power to resist disease.
营养不良降低了他们抵抗疾病的能力。
②I have a sweet t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ooth and can't resist_eating_chocolate and ice cream.
我喜欢吃甜食,见到巧克力和冰淇淋就想吃。
③I prefer the plants that are resistant to bad climate.
我比较喜欢那些对恶劣的气候有抵抗力的植物。
[名师指津] resist表示“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )忍住”,常与表否定意义的can't/can hardly/be not able to连用,resist之后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,而不接不定式。
4.rescue n.& vi.& vt.救援,营救
[教材原句] My favourite ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) character in ‘The Attic’ is Stuart, who comes to her rescue and adds some comedy to this otherwise dark tale.
在《阁楼》这部短篇小说中,我最喜欢的人物是斯图尔特,他救助了她,给这个原本黑暗的故事增添了喜剧色彩。
①When she opened ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her eyes and saw her dog standing beside her, the girl said, “you rescued me, Laddy,” and she kissed him several times.(2012·陕西高考完形)
当小女孩睁开眼睛看到她的狗站在身边时,她说,“你救了我,兰迪,”说完她亲吻了他几次。
rescue sb.from ... 从……营救某人
rescue sth.from ... 使某物免于……
come/go to sb.'s rescue 前来/去救某人
rescue workers 救援人员
②A fireman rescued the two small children from the burning building.
一名消防队员从陷入火海的大楼中救出两名小孩。
③A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation.
有个富有的赞助人慷慨捐赠来解救我们。
5.intend vt.& vi.打算,计划,想要;意指,意思是
[教材原句] The poem wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s published in 1794 and, like many of Burns's poems, it was intended to be a song.
这首诗发表于1794年,和许多彭斯的诗歌一样,这首诗原是为歌咏而作。
(1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
intend sth.for sb. 为某人准备某物
had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth.
本来打算做某事
(2)be intended for 为……准备/设计的
be intended to be/do sth. 目的是……/目的是做某事
①Many times the per ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )son who hurt you does not intend to apologize.(2013·辽宁高考任务型阅读)
很多次伤害你的那个人并不打算道歉。
②When intern ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ational aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended.(2013·江西高考阅读B)
当提供国际援助时,必须采取措施来确保援助确实援助了它针对的人。
③The course is_intended_to_increase student's interpersonal skills.
这个课程旨在提高学生与人交流的技巧。
[名师指津] intend作“意欲,打算”讲,后接宾语从句时,从句谓语动词常用“(should+)动词原形”。
二、间考词汇自识记
1.debt n.债务,欠款
①in debt 欠债
②go/get/run/slip into debt 陷入债务之中
Their club was badly managed and soon got into debt.
他们的俱乐部管理不好,很快就陷入债务中。
2.adore vt.热爱,喜爱,爱慕
①adore sb. for ... 因……而喜爱/敬佩某人……
②adore doing sth. 喜欢做某事
She adores working with children.
她热爱为儿童工作。
[单词对点集训]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.(2014·巢湖四中高三质检) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Last December, 14 bears were seen ________ from the bile (胆汁) trade in Vietnam.
A.rescued B.to rescue
C.rescuing D.rescue
解析:选A “see s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )b./sth.do/doing/done”为常用结构,这一结构的被动语态为“be seen to do/doing/done”。分析题干可知,空格处与句子的主语之间为动宾关系,所以应用过去分词“rescued”。
2.(2014·江南十校学期初联考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))The fact that she told a lie had a great influence on her ________.
A.ambition B.status
C.reputation D.assessment
解析:选C 句意:她说谎的事实严 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )重影响了她的声誉。ambition“抱负,追求的目标”;status“地位,身份”;reputation“名声”;assessment“评估,评价”。
3.(2014·南京外国语学校模拟 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))It has been reported that some government leaders ________ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.
A.overlook B.employ
C.abandon D.abuse
解析:选D 句意:据报道一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )些政府官员滥用职权为自己谋取利益。overlook“俯瞰”;employ“雇用”;abandon“遗弃;抛弃”;abuse“滥用;辱骂”。
4.(2014·江苏省高考命题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )研究专家原创卷)In the popular film he and his brother made a(n) ________ attempt to escape, but in vain.
A.significant B.accurate
C.desperate D.considerate
解析:选C 句意:在这部当红的电影中,他和他 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的哥哥孤注一掷,试图逃跑,但未成功。desperate“孤注一掷的,铤而走险的”,符合题意。significant“有重大意义的”;accurate“精确的”;considerate“体贴的”。
Ⅱ.多维演练
resist点点练
1.用resist的适当形式填空
①Some children are not resistant to hand foot mouth disease.
②There has been a lot of resistance to this new law.
③She was charged with resisting arrest.
2.句型转换
④He couldn't help showing off his new car.
→He couldn't resist showing off his new car.
3.(2014·连云港模拟)Acco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rding to Swan, the purpose of her design project is to enable children to ________ the temptation of TV.
A.resist B.object
C.refuse D.oppose
解析:选A 句意:据斯瓦 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )娜说,她的设计方案的目的是使孩子们抵制对电视的诱惑。resist the temptation of“抵制对……的诱惑”,符合句意。object“反对”;refuse“拒绝”; oppose“反对”。
vain万花筒
1.句型转换
①He shouted, trying to attract her, but she paid no attention.
→He tried to draw her attention by shouting, but in vain.
②She tries t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o persuade her father to give up smoking, but he just won't do so.
→She tries in vain to persuade her father to stop/quit smoking.
→She advises her f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ather to stop smoking, but what she does is a vain attempt/effort.
2.(2014·合肥名校高三联考)Hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s efforts to raise money for his program were________because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
A.in place B.in sight
C.in effect D.in vain
解析:选D 句意:他为这个项目募集资金的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )努力是徒劳的,因为没有人愿意从腰包里掏一分钱。in vain“徒劳的”,符合句意。in place“在适当的位置”;in sight“看得见”;in effect“实际上”。
intend面面观
1.根据英汉提示完成小片段
妈妈打算为爸爸的生日举办一个聚会,但是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )因为她工作很忙,所以她打算让我为聚会做准备。妈妈要求所有的活动和礼物都必须是专门为爸爸所设计的。然而,我们大家都必须保密,因为爸爸没有举办生日聚会的打算。
My mother intends_to_h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )old_a_party for father's birthday, but as she is busy with work, she intends_me_to_prepare_for it.She requests that all the activities and gifts should_be_intended_for my father.However, we all need to keep it secret, because my father has_no_intention_of_holding a birthday party.
2.(2014·阜阳二中高三质 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )检)The residents approve of the measures ________ so far in our city, ________ to bring down prices on oil.
A.having been taken; intending
B.to be taken; intending
C.taken; to intend
D.taken; intended
解析:选D 句意:迄今为止我们城市 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的居民都赞同政府采取的旨在降低油价的措施。intend“为……定下计划或目标”,intend的逻辑主语是the measures,它们之间是被动关系;take measures“采取措施”,take和measures之间也是被动关系,所以两个空都用过去分词作定语。
1.be bent on (doing) sth. 决心做某事(通常指坏事);一心想要做某事
[教材原句] Pip is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bent on becoming a gentleman and winning Estella's love.
皮普一心想要成为一位绅士,赢得埃斯特拉的芳心。
①One day, he gathered ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.(2013·山东高考阅读A)
有一天,他做好充分准备后,决定参加一个工作面试。
②The man who has_made_up_his_mind_to_win will never say impossible.
凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说不可能的。
2.live up to 达到,符合(期望);不辜负;遵守(诺言)
[教材原句] However, if yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u liked the book, you should probably not be too eager to see the film, as it is not likely to live up to your great expectations.
然而,如果你喜欢这本书,就不要急于看电影,因为它可能不会达到你的期望。
①If you live up to you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r promise, we are going on cooperating with you.
如果你遵守你的诺言,我们将继续同你合作。
live on以…… 为主食;靠……为生;继续存在
live with 忍受;与……住在一起
live through 经历(艰难或险境)
live a ... life 过着……的生活
②Looking back, I don't know how I lived_through those years.
回顾往事,我真不知道那些年是怎样过来的。
③I suggest all of us should smile every day, and live a happy life.
我建议大家每天多笑笑,开开心心的生活。
[短语对点集训]
Ⅰ.选词填空
1.I want to kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w when the new Chinese English dictionary will come_out.
2.The colour of the product has_nothing_to_do_with its quality.
3.He really lives_up_to his reputation as “ a walking dictionary ”.
4.The scheme was_inten ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ded_to make quality publications cheaper and more accessible.
5.In his spee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch he was only able to touch_on a few aspects of the problem.
6.He would te ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll his parents nothing about his life on_the_run or how he escaped from England.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1.(2014·无锡高三模拟)We ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )think highly of Mr White because he always ________ his principles.
A.lives on B.lives up to
C.lives through D.lives with
解析:选B 句意:我们对怀特先生的评价都 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )很高,因为他总是信守原则。live up to“遵守,实践(诺言,原则)”,符合句意。live on“以……为生”;live through“度过,经历过”;live with“忍受,容忍”。
2.(2014·六安一中月考)He ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is ________ mastering English.To learn it, he gets up early and goes to bed late every day.
A.bent on B.bound to
C.desperate to D.abundant in
解析:选A be bent on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )doing sth.“下定决心做某事”,符合语境。be bound to do sth.“注定要做某事”;be desperate to do sth.“渴望做某事”;be abundant in“富有……”。
1.This makes_t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hem_difficult for some people to read, so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.
对有些人来说,读经典作品是困难的,因此它们经常被搁置在书架上积满了灰尘。
句中使用了“make+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构。该句型中,宾语补足语主要由名词、形容词、介词、不带to的不定式和过去分词等充当。
①Using what he k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )new about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. (2013·浙江高考阅读A)
通过他所了解的耕作和对铁的使用,普罗莱特先生发明了更容易耕作的犁。
②I always liked st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anding on that table because it made me feel tall and strong.(2013·四川高考阅读D)
我总是喜欢站在那个桌子上,因为它让我感觉又高又壮。
③The police made them stand up against the wall.
→They were made by the police to_stand_up against the wall.
警察强迫他们靠墙站着。
④He made it important that everything should be finished carefully.
他认识到认真完成每件事的重要性。
[联想归纳] 常用于“动词+it+宾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语补足语+真正宾语”结构中的动词有:think;_believe;_make;_find;_consider;_feel等。
[链接高考]
(2012·陕西高考)No mat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter where he is, he makes ________ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
A.him B.this
C.that D.it
解析:选D 句意:不管他在哪里,早饭 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )前出去散步是他的一贯做法。make sth. a rule“把……作为常例/定为常规”,句中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to go for a walk before breakfast。
2.Pip's sister of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ten abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would_rather_die_than_see any harm come to Pip.
皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他,但乔却是一个善良、淳朴的人,他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。
(1)would rather do ...than do ... “宁愿做……而不愿做……”。
①Some would rather read selectively than read extensively.
一些人宁愿有选择性地阅读,而不是广泛阅读。
(2)would rather后跟宾语从句时,从句用虚拟语气。
与现在或将来事实相反:would rather (that) sb.did sth.
②I would rather you began to do the work at once by yourself.
我宁愿你立刻自己开始做这项工作。
与过去事实相反:would rather (that) sb.had done sth.
③I would rather he had_told_me about the fact at that time.
我宁愿他那时告诉了我真相。
[联想归纳] 表示“宁愿做……而不愿做……”句型还有:
①would do ...rather_than do ...
②prefer_to_do ... rather than do ...
[句型对点集训]
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.如果大家愿意互相配合,难事也会变得容易。
A difficult ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )task can be_made_easier if people will work in with one another.
2.我宁愿乘火车也不愿乘飞机旅行。
I would_trav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )el_(prefer_to_travel)/would_rather_travel by train rather_than/than by plane.
3.我拿的是计件工资, 不是月工资。
I get_paid for piecework, not on a monthly wage.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1.(2014·怀化模拟)He ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )would rather ________ lectures to the students than ______ to boring conferences.
A.to give; be invited B.give; be invited
C.give; invite D.giving; being invited
解析:选B 句意:他宁愿给学生上课 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )也不愿被邀请参加乏味的会议。would rather do ...than do ...“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。
2.(2014·淮北、淮南模拟)We ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have made ________ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.
A.this B.that
C.it D.one
解析:选C 句意:我们已明确声明强烈反对在办公室吸烟。it作形式宾语,that从句为真正的宾语,clear为宾语补足语。
否定词和否定句
1.(2014·徐州高三模拟)—Which of these resorts do you like best
—________.They are both hot and crowded.
A.Either B.Nothing
C.Neither D.None
解析:选D 句意:“这些旅游地你最喜欢哪一个?”“一个都不喜欢。他们都太热而且太拥挤。”表示“三者或三者以上都不”用none。
2.(2014·潍坊市联合考试)—Lucy has been fired by her boss.
—________ She is late for work five times a week!
A.Hardly surprising! B.Forget it.
C.How come D.Who knows
解析:选A 句意:“Lucy被她的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )老板解雇了。”“一点儿也不吃惊!她一个星期就迟到了五次!”根据句意可知应选A。Forget it“不用客气”;How come“怎么会呢”;Who knows“谁知道呢”。
3.(2014·合肥质量检测)________ enough money, Li Hua was unable to buy the new house.
A.Not saved B.Not having saved
C.Not to save D.Not saving
解析:选B 句意:由于没有攒下足 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )够的钱,李华买不起这套新房子。save这个动作发生在buy之前,且save与Li Hua之间是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词的完成式。再结合句意可知,应用分词的否定形式,故选B。
4.(2014·湘中名校高三诊断四)—Is the letter from your mother
—Yes. But sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e ________ the letter herself, because she doesn't even know one word.
A.needn't have written B.can't have written
C.might not have written D.should not have written
解析:选B 句意:“这封信是你母亲来的吧 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )?”“是的。但这封信不可能是她自己写的,因为她一个字也不认识。”根据because引导的原因状语从句可知,此处应用can't have done表示对过去发生的事很有把握的否定推测。
5.—Do you know Anna's telephone number
—________.As a matter of fact, I don't know any Anna, either.
A.I think so B.I'm afraid not
C.I hope so D.I'd rather not
解析:选B 句意:“你知道安娜的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )电话号码吗?”“恐怕不知道。事实上,我也不认识任何叫安娜的人。”本题中用I'm afraid not表示对对方询问的委婉否定。A、C两项表肯定,与句意不符,故排除;D项意为“我宁愿不知道”,也与句意不符。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.(2014·安徽师大附中模拟 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))This is the best way they have thought of ________ the ________ miners.
A.rescuing; burying B.to rescue; buried
C.to rescue; burying D.rescuing; buried
解析:选B 句意:这是他 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们所想出的营救被埋矿工的最好的办法。此句中way后跟了两个定语,一个是定语从句they have thought of;另一个是非谓语动词形式。way后面的定语既可用不定式也可用“of+v. ing形式”,因此可排除A、D两项;另外, miners与bury之间为动宾关系,所以应用过去分词buried作定语。
2.(2014·徐州高三模拟) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The new mayor, who adored________ to the volleyball match, didn't approve________ the new building plans at the meeting.
A.going; of discussing B.going; to discuss
C.to go; of discussing D.to go; discussing
解析:选A adore后应跟动名词作宾语,故可排除C、D两项;approve of“赞成”,故选A。
3.(2014·合肥八中模拟) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Hearing the ________ cry for help, out rushed the brave young man without wearing his coat in such cold weather.
A.curious B.gentle
C.rigid D.desperate
解析:选D 句意:听到有人拼命地呼 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )救,那个勇敢的年轻人在如此冷的天气里没穿外套就冲了出去。desperate“绝望的,拼命的”,符合句意。curious“好奇的”;gentle“温柔的”;rigid“死板的,固执的”。
4.(2014·乌鲁木齐诊断测验三)—J ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ane, I was told that you were going to speak at the meeting yesterday!
—Yeah, I ________ to, but time did not permit.
A.have intended B.was intending
C.intended D.had intended
解析:选D 由答语可知,本来昨天 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我打算在会上发言的,但时间不允许了。intend所表示的动作发生在did not permit所表示的动作之前,应用过去完成时,故选D。
5.(2014·江苏大丰高级中学模拟) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Since you can't make the class ________ what you say in English, you can make yourself ________ in Chinese.
A.understand; understand
B.understand; understood
C.to understand; understand
D.understand; to be understood
解析:选B 句意:既然用英语不能使同学们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )明白你所讲的内容,你可以说汉语让大家听懂。the class和understand之间为主动关系,所以第一个空用动词原形作宾语补足语;yourself和understand之间为被动关系,所以第二个空用过去分词作宾语补足语。
6.(2014·江南十校高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )摸底)—Is it necessary to look up every new word when I come across it in reading
—No.You ________, because you are likely to guess the meaning from the context.
A.can't B.mustn't
C.don't have to D.ought not to
解析:选C 句意:“在阅读时,我有必要查 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一查我遇到的每一个生词吗?”“不,没有必要,因为你可以从上下文中猜出单词的意思。”根据句意可知应选C,表示“不必”。
7.(2014·苏、锡、常、镇四市二调 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))—You really appreciate Justin Bieber's performances, don't you
— ________. I just like his soft voice.
A.Not exactly B.Don't mention it
C.Not a little D.That's for sure
解析:选A 根据对话内容可知第二个说话 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人并不是完全喜欢比伯的表演,他只是喜欢他柔和的嗓音,因此选A项,表示“不完全如此”。Don't mention it用来回应对方的感谢;Not a little表示“非常(喜欢)”;That's for sure“那是肯定的”。
8.(2014·南通高三检测)B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )illy Crystal hosted the Academy Awards again this year, and his performances always ________ the expectation of most audience.
A.put up with B.end up with
C.live up to D.add up to
解析:选C 句意:比利·克 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )里斯托今年再次主持了奥斯卡金像奖,他的表现总是不辜负大部分观众的期望。live up to “不辜负,达到”,符合句意。put up with“忍受”;end up with“以……结束”;add up to“总计为”。
9.In the shop the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) boy resisted ________, so his mother had to give in and bought him a toy.
A.carrying off B.being carried off
C.to carry off D.to be carry off
解析:选B 句意:在商店里, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这个男孩死活不走,所以他妈妈只好让步给他买了一个玩具。resist后可以跟动名词作宾语,不跟不定式,故可首先排除C、D两项;the boy与carry off“带走”之间是动宾关系,应用被动形式,故选B。
10.(2014·常州高三模拟)To ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tell the truth, I would rather I________the pain instead of you. You don't know how worried I was.
A.took B.had taken
C.have taken D.should have taken
解析:选B “I would rather ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )+从句”表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设从句用一般过去时,表示与过去事实相反的假设用过去完成时。根据后面的“how worried I was”可知,此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故选B。
11.(2014·湖南十 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二校联考)Mrs. Smith managed to settle the quarrel between Michael and Allen without hurting the feelings of________.
A.neither B.none
C.either D.both
解析:选C 句意:Smith夫人设法调停了M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ichael与Allen两个人之间的争吵,并且没有使他们任何一方的感情受到伤害。either指两者中的任何一个,与without连用表示全部否定,符合语境。neither“两者都不”;none“没有一个,毫无”;both“两者都”,与否定词连用表示部分否定,不合题意。
12.(2014·安徽望江二中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )模拟)It's________ shame to cheat at an examination, for you have________ reputation for being honest.
A.a; / B./; /
C.a; a D./; a
解析:选C 句意:考试中作弊是一件可耻的事,因为你有诚实的好名声。两空均表示泛指,故选C。
13.(2014·吉林重点中学适应考试) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I am heavily ________ at the moment, but I hope to be out of it when I get paid.
A.in debt B.in trouble
C.in vain D.in danger
解析:选A 考查介词短语辨析。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意:我现在陷入严重的债务危机中,但是我希望发了工资后会摆脱债务困扰。由后半句的“out of it when I get paid”可知,A项正确。in debt“欠债”;in trouble“陷入困境”;in vain“白费,徒劳”;in danger“处于危险中”。
14.(2014·江苏潼阳 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中学模拟)The popular cartoon Mulan is a(n) ________ of a Chinese poem for children.
A.imagination B.plot
C.story D.adaptation
解析:选D 句意:流行卡通片《木兰》 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是由儿童诗歌改编而成的。adaptation“改编本”;imagination“想象”;plot“情节”;story“故事”。
15.Charles did ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) what he could ________ the servant, although he himself was in danger.
A.rescue B.rescued
C.to rescue D.rescuing
解析:选C 句意:尽管查尔斯身处险境,但他 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )仍尽力营救那位仆人。此句中could后省略了do以避免重复,而不定式to rescue the servant是目的状语。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2014·蚌埠质检)
I had a bad ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bit of skipping to the last pages of a book.I just wanted to see how it ended __1__ I was still in the middle of it.This habit __2__ first my mom, then my friends, and __3__ even my own daughter.Often my __4__ wouldn't be limited just to the books I read but also to what others were __5__ as well.Then one day my daughter told me in anger, “Dad, please just read a book one __6__ at a time like everyone else!”
At times I didn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'t __7__ this bad habit to just books either.I also tried to skip ahead in my own life and __8__ out what to do months or even years from now __9__ enjoying each day at present.Although I knew that the __10__ of my life wasn't done yet and that I had many pages __11__ to go, I still couldn't control my burning desire to write the __12__ of it halfway through.Time and again, I would __13__jump ahead and try to solve every potential problem before it happened.Life, __14__, doesn't work like that.It loves to __15__ us, and you never know what new problems, changes or opportunities each new day will __16__.
Recently when I fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )und myself living in the __17__ again, I felt a voice that gently told me I needed to “live one day at a time”.When I heard those words, I __18__, turned the book of my life back to the __19__ page, and thanked God for today.
Each of us has to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) __20__ the book of life line by line, moment by moment and trust that our story will be brought to its perfect end.
语篇解读:作者总是喜欢在书读到一半时跳到最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后几页先看结局。在生活中,作者也是如此,他总是设想以后的事情,而忽略了现在。最后作者明白了每个人都应该过好当下的每一天,一行一行地谱写人生这本书。
1.A.since B.for
C.while D.because
解析:选C 根据上文的“I had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a bad habit of skipping to the last pages of a book.”可知,当一本书读到一半时,作者就想知道结局如何。用while引导时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”。
2.A.confused B.annoyed
C.delighted D.embarrassed
解析:选B 根据下文的“Then on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e day my daughter told me in anger”可知,作者的这个坏习惯使很多人感到不愉快,故选annoyed。
3.A.usually B.obviously
C.accidentally D.finally
解析:选D 根据上文的“first ...then ...”可知,作者最后(finally)甚至惹恼了自己的女儿。
4.A.impatience B.misunderstanding
C.disappointment D.disagreement
解析:选A 通常作者的这种急躁(impatience)并不局限于自己看的书上,而且也体现在别人读(reading)的书上。
5.A.saying B.reading
C.doing D.watching
解析:选B 参见上题解析。
6.A.page B.copy
C.chapter D.edition
解析:选A 作者的女儿希望他能像别人一样一页(page)一页地看。
7.A.contribute B.devote
C.apply D.limit
解析:选D 根据上文的“...w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ouldn't be limited just to the books ...”及下文的“I also tried to skip ahead in my own life”可知,此处应用limit。
8.A.try B.figure
C.let D.turn
解析:选B 作者在生活中总是试图想出(figure out)未来几个月甚至几年要做的事情,而不是(instead of)享受现在的每一天。
9.A.on the part of B.other than
C.instead of D.on the basis of
解析:选C 参见上题解析。
10.A.book B.river
C.picture D.play
解析:选A 根据下文的“I had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )many pages”及倒数第二段中的“the book of my life”可知,作者将生活比作一本书,故此空填book。
11.A.forgotten B.left
C.kept D.regretted
解析:选B 根据上下文内容可知,此处表示剩下(left)很多页。
12.A.feelings B.beginning
C.ending D.comments
解析:选C 根据上下文内容可知,此处表示作者仍然无法控制他那强烈的欲望来写它的结局(ending)。
13.A.consciously B.strangely
C.foolishly D.critically
解析:选C 根据下文的“L ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ife, ______, doesn't work like that.”可推知,此处应选foolishly“愚蠢地”。
14.A.otherwise B.moreover
C.therefore D.however
解析:选D 前后为转折关系,因此选D。
15.A.surprise B.cheat
C.satisfy D.frighten
解析:选A 根据下文的“you never ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )know what new problems, changes or opportunities”可知,生活总是使我们感到很惊讶。surprise“使惊讶”,符合语境。
16.A.make B.bring
C.take D.award
解析:选B 你永远不会知道生活中的每个新的一天会给我们带来(bring)什么样的新问题、变化或机会。
17.A.present B.future
C.memory D.dream
解析:选B 根据again可知,作者又在想象自己未来(future)的生活。
18.A.cheered B.cried
C.lost D.smiled
解析:选D 当作者听到那些话时他笑(smiled)了。
19.A.exciting B.hopeful
C.favorite D.right
解析:选D 作者把人生这本书翻回到了正确的(right)那一页。
20.A.write B.review
C.explain D.translate
解析:选A 此处表示每个人都应该一行一行地谱写(write)人生这本书。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2014·南京三中质检)
Books That Shaped America
Huckleberry Finn
Novelist Ernest Hem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ingway famously said, “All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called ‘Huckleberry Finn.’ ... All American writing comes from that. There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since.” During their trip down the Mississippi on a raft, Twain describes in a satirical (嘲讽的) and humorous way Huck and Jim's encounters with hypocrisy, racism, violence and other evils of American society. His use in serious literature of a lively, simple American language full of dialect and informal spoken expressions paved the way for many later writers, including Hemingway and William Faulkner.
Gone with the Wind
The most popular roma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nce novel of all time was the basis for the most popular movie of all time (in today's dollars). Margaret Mitchell's book, Gone with the Wind, set in the South during the Civil War, won both the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award, and it remains popular, despite charges that its author had a blind eye regarding the horrors of slavery.
Leaves of Grass
The publication of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) first slim edition of Walt Whitman's “Leaves of Grass” in 1855 was the first appearance of a masterpiece that shifted the course of American literary history. Refreshing and bold in both theme and style, the book experienced many revisions during Whitman's lifetime. Over almost 40 years Whitman produced multiple editions of “Leaves of Grass”, shaping the book into an ever transforming kaleidoscope (千变万化) of poems. By his death in 1892, “Leaves” was a thick summary that represented Whitman's view of America over nearly the entire last half of the 19th century. Among the collection's best known poems are “I Sing the Body Electric”, “Song of Myself”, and “O Captain! My Captain!” in praise of Abraham Lincoln.
The American Woman's Home
This classic domest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ic guide, The American Woman's Home, by sisters Catharine E. Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe is dedicated to “the women of America, in whose hands rest the real fates of the Republic.” It includes chapters on healthful cookery, home decoration, exercise, cleanliness, good air ventilation (通风方法) and heat, etiquette, sewing, gardening and care of children, the sick, the aged and domestic animals. Intended to elevate the “woman's sphere” of household management to a respectable profession based on scientific principles, it became the standard domestic handbook.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文。介绍了四本堪称“塑造美国”的书,包括马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》,玛格丽特·米切尔的《飘》,沃尔特·惠特曼的《草叶集》等。
1.Which of the foll ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owing best describes Ernest Hemingway's feelings for Mark Twain's book
A.Wonderful. B.Disappointing.
C.Painful. D.Confusing.
解析:选A 细节理解题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表格第一栏中海明威所说的话“All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain ... There has been nothing as good since.”可知,海明威认为马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是一部空前绝后的好作品,即他对马克·吐温作品的评价非常高。故答案选A。
2.Which author is accused of neglecting the horrors of slavery
A.Mark Twain. B.Margaret Mitchell.
C.Walt Whitman. D.Catharine E. Beecher.
解析:选B 细节理解题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据表格第二栏最后一句中的“despite charges that its author had a blind eye regarding the horrors of slavery”可知,玛格丽特·米切尔被指控对于奴隶制的恐怖视而不见。故答案选B。
3.What can we learn from Walt Whitman's poems
A.He used many informal oral English in “Leaves of Grass”.
B.Many poems were added to “Leaves of Grass” after 1855.
C.He showed little respect for Abraham Lincoln in his poems.
D.The poems reflected Walt Whitman's bad opinions of America.
解析:选B 推理判断题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据表格第三栏内容可知,沃尔特·惠特曼在1855年出版了《草叶集》的第一版,此后的40多年,该书不断被修订,内容不断增加,直至1892年沃尔特·惠特曼去世。由此可知,沃尔特·惠特曼的许多诗是在1855年之后被补充到《草叶集》当中的。故答案选B。
4.In which book can one learn how to live a healthy life
A.Huckleberry Finn.
B.Gone with the Wind.
C.Leaves of Grass.
D.The American Woman's Home.
解析:选D 细节理解题。根据表格最后一栏内容 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可知,The American Woman's Home是关于家务指导方面的书籍,内容涉及健康的烹饪方法、家庭装饰、锻炼、通风方法、照顾病人等。由此可知,D项符合题意。
5.What does the underlined word “dedicated” probably mean
A.devoted B.addicted
C.opposed D.sentenced
解析:选A 词义猜测题。根据表格最后一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )栏画线词所在句子中的“the women of America, in whose ...”可知,此处指的是书的读者,由此可猜测,该书是献给美国女士的,画线词的意思与devoted的词义最接近。故答案选A。