必修第一册 UNIT 1 LIFE CHOICES(一)
高考题型组合练(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·山东青岛联考)
It was late，about 10：15 p．m.Janice Esposito got off the train at Bellport，New York，went to her car and started driving home.She was so familiar with the route that she almost drove automatically：turned left to the Station Road，then another left onto Montauk Highway，and then—bam! When Esposito’s car had just crossed the railroad tracks，it bumped into another vehicle and was pushed back onto the tracks.Injured but mostly shocked by the crash and by the airbags that popped up，she was stuck in the vehicle.
As it happened，Pete DiPinto was just about to go to sleep when he heard a sharp noise and saw the accident not far outside his bedroom window.As a volunteer firefighter and retired teacher，DiPinto，who was 65，fetched a flashlight and rushed out without hesitation.“Any firefighter would have done what I did，”he said.“We’re always on duty.”
At first，he spotted the other car in the accident.After making sure that the driver was all right，DiPinto looked around and discovered Esposito’s car straddling(横跨) the railway tracks.And then he heard the bell ring，which signaled a train’s arrival.
DiPinto rushed to Esposito’s car and broke the window on the driver’s side.Esposito looked up at him，with her eyes glazing over.“I don’t know where I am，”she said.
“You’re on the railroad tracks，”DiPinto yelled.“I have to get you off right now！”The train was running toward them at a speed of some 105 kilometers per hour.The driver’s door failed to be opened due to the collision(碰撞)，so DiPinto quickly ran to the other side and was able to open the door.He put the airbags aside，seized her arms，pulled her toward him across the passenger seat until finally got her out and walked her to safety as swiftly as possible.Several seconds later，the train crashed into the vehicle.“It was like a Hollywood movie，”DiPinto told reporters the next day.
“Last night，”said Gregory Miglino Jr.，Chief of the Department in South Country Ambulance，“the hero arrived in pajamas(睡衣裤)，not in a fire truck.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了65岁的志愿消防员Dipinto不顾自己安危把由于车祸被困在车里的Janice Esposito从铁轨上救出来的故事。
1．What can we know about the accident from paragraph 1
A．Esposito’s car hit another vehicle.
B．Esposito drove too fast.
C．Esposito didn’t know the route well.
D．A running train crashed into Esposito’s car.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“When Esposito’s car had just crossed the railroad tracks，it bumped into another vehicle and was pushed back onto the tracks.”可知，Esposito的车撞上了另一辆车。故选A。
2．How was Janice Esposito right after the accident
A．She felt all right.
B．She was badly hurt.
C．She got trapped in the car.
D．She completely lost her consciousness.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段末句中的“she was stuck in the vehicle”可知，Esposito在事故后被困在了车里。故选C。
3．How was Janice Esposito rescued from her car
A．Through the window on the driver’s side.
B．Through the door on the driver’s side.
C．Through the window on the passenger’s side.
D．Through the door on the passenger’s side.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“The driver’s door failed to be opened due to the collision(碰撞)，so DiPinto quickly ran to the other side and was able to open the door.”和“He...pulled her toward him across the passenger seat until finally got her out...”可知，Esposito被从乘客座位那边的门救了出来。故选D。
4．What did Gregory Miglino Jr.mean by saying “the hero arrived in pajamas(睡衣裤)，not in a fire truck”？
A．DiPinto was not a professional firefighter.
B．DiPinto rushed to save life without thinking about himself.
C．DiPinto was a special firefighter who preferred wearing pajamas.
D．DiPinto was unable to find a fire truck when the accident happened.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“rushed out without hesitation”可知，DiPinto在得知事故后，毫不犹豫地冲出去救人。再根据最后一段中“这位英雄是穿着睡衣来的，而不是坐着消防车”可知，此处意在说明DiPinto舍身救人的精神。故选B。
B
For more than a decade，a team of researchers have studied the dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet as it responds to a warming climate.But while much of their focus has been on water’s impacts on ice sheet change，their most recent research findings have overturned the order of their thinking.Meierbachtol，Harper and their team discovered that changes in the ice sheet have a real impact on the massive groundwater system underlying Greenland.
This latest discovery occurred thanks to a marriage of drilling techniques.International cooperators made an angled hole 650 meters through bedrock underneath a Greenland glacier(冰川) to measure groundwater conditions under the ice.Meanwhile，researchers drilled 32 holes from atop the glacier，through nearly a kilometer of ice，to measure water conditions at the area between ice and bedrock，which forms an important boundary controlling groundwater flow below.After drilling，the team fixed sensors in the ice column and at the ice sheet bed to measure ice dynamics and water conditions as water flows under the ice.
“By studying areas covered by ice 10,000 years ago，we have known that the huge mass and vast amounts of water from melting ice can impact the underlying groundwater，”Meierbachtol said.“It’s generally accepted that the groundwater is sleeping over decades to centuries and its response to ice sheet change is long：thousands of years.But what we’ve shown here is that it is immediate.”
This new understanding could have important subsequent effects on how Greenland’s thinning ice impacts the Arctic.The thinning ice could reduce the rate of groundwater flow to the ocean，changing the water temperature and salinity(盐度) balance that is important for ocean circulation(循环) patterns.“In thinking about the complex feedbacks from Greenland’s ongoing change，we have really ignored the groundwater component，”Harper said.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现格陵兰岛的地下水系统受到冰盖变化的影响。
5．How do the researchers feel about the result of the recent study
A．Satisfied. B．Disappointed.
C．Surprised. D．Doubtful.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But while much of their focus...their most recent research findings have overturned the order of their thinking.”可推断，研究人员对最近的研究结果感到惊讶。故选C。
6．What contributes most to the new research about the Greenland Ice Sheet
A．Fixing sensors into ice sheet.
B．Close international cooperation.
C．Advanced rock drilling technology.
D．A combination of two drilling approaches.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This latest discovery occurred thanks to a marriage of drilling techniques.”可知，对格陵兰岛冰盖的最新研究发现，贡献最大的是两种钻井方法的结合。故选D。
7．What is a misunderstanding of the groundwater under glaciers
A．It has a very large volume.
B．It is inactive for a long time.
C．Its component is complex.
D．Its temperature is changeable.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，人们对冰川地下水的误解是：长时间处于不活跃状态。故选B。
8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Water Impacts the Greenland’s Ice Sheet
B．Long-lasting Effects of Global Warming on the Arctic
C．Newly Discovered Groundwater Resources in Greenland
D．Greenland’s Groundwater Changes with Thinning Ice Sheet
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段末句以及全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员发现格陵兰岛的地下水系统受到冰盖变化的影响。所以D项作为文章标题最为合适。
C
To persist，life must reproduce.Scientists at the University of Vermont，Tufts University，and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University have discovered an entirely new form of biological reproduction and applied their discovery to creating the first-ever，self-replicating(自我复制的) living robots.
Named Xenobots after the African clawed frog from which scientists take their stem cells，the machines are less than 0.04 inches wide—small enough to travel inside human bodies.They can walk and swim，survive for weeks without food，and work together in groups.They even have regenerative capabilities；when the scientists sliced into one robot，it healed by itself and kept moving.
The Xenobots could potentially be used toward a host of tasks.Xenobots could be used to clean up radioactive waste and collect microplastics in the oceans.Some Xenobots have holes in their center，which could potentially be used to transport drugs or medicines.Traditional robots “degrade(降解) over time and can produce harmful ecological and health side effects，”researchers said in the study，which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.As biological machines，Xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health.Aside from these immediate practical tasks，Xenobots could also help researchers to learn more about cell biology—opening the doors to future advancement in human health and longevity.
While the prospect of self-replicating biotechnology could spark concern，the researchers said that the living machines were entirely contained in a lab and easily destroyed，as they are biodegradable and regulated by experts.“There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity(可塑性) and ability of cells to solve problems，”said Joshua Bongard，one of the lead researchers at the university of Vermont.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有史以来第一个可以自我复制、有生命的机器人。
9．Which of the following best explains “regenerative”underlined in paragraph 2
A．Fighting disease.
B．Recovering and growing again.
C．Self-cleaning regularly.
D．Replacing old cells.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“when the scientists sliced into one robot，it healed by itself and kept moving”可知，机器人有自我愈合和修复功能，故regenerative的意思是“恢复并再次成长”，故选B。
10．What can we learn about Xenobots from paragraph 3
A．They can be widely applied to cure diseases.
B．They are harmless to the environment by degrading plastics.
C．They are specially designed to collect radioactive waste.
D．They can serve well the research on human health.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段末句可知，Xenobots可以很好地服务于人类健康的研究。故选D。
11．What is Bongard’s attitude towards the self-replicating biotechnology
A．Doubtful. B．Indifferent.
C．Positive. D．Ambiguous.
答案 C
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity(可塑性) and ability of cells to solve problems”可知，Joshua Bongard对自我复制生物技术是持支持的态度，故选C。
12．What does the text mainly talk about
A．The invention of the first self-reproduction robots.
B．An application of a machine in medicine.
C．The trend of developing biotechnology.
D．An experiment on African clawed frogs.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是第一段内容可知，作者从第一段引入文章的主题：第一个可以自我复制的机器人的发明，故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
BASE jumping is a dangerous sport that involves using a parachute(降落伞) to jump off a high structure. 1 Because BASE jumping is very dangerous，it is sometimes considered a “stunt”，or “daredevil activity”rather than a sport.
BASE is an acronym(首字母缩写) that stands for the four categories of fixed launch points for a BASE jump：building，antennae(高塔)，span(bridge) and earth(cliff)．“BASE numbers”are awarded to those jumpers who have completed at least one jump from each of the categories. 2
Carl Boenish made the first official BASE jump off the Troll Wall in Norway in 1984.Unfortunately，Carl Boenish was killed two days after that first BASE jump as he tried to make another BASE jump off the Troll Wall.Improvements in equipment have helped reduce BASE jumping deaths. 3 There are no reliable statistics on the number of people killed and injured while BASE jumping，but it is certainly more dangerous than skydiving.Because of the high death rate，BASE jumping has not gained widespread acceptance. 4 A BASE jumper needs to get permission to use both the place from which the jump is initiated(开始) and the landing areas.Some places，like the Troll Wall，are banned because of the high level of danger.However，many sites are still open to jumpers.
5 It can easily injure or kill you.You are a huge investment of time，energy，and money by your parents.Your parents expect you to have good judgment，so think hard before you do anything that is dangerous.
A．BASE jumping is something that you shouldn’t do.
B．Teens’ parents don’t support BASE jumping because it costs money.
C．A BASE number qualifies the participant as a recognized BASE jumper.
D．This is also one of the reasons that it is considered illegal in many countries.
E．BASE jumping just gets even more dangerous as you compete to be the quickest.
F．It has become popular with those constantly looking for new and exciting things to do.
G．Nevertheless，many people，including skilled jumpers，are still injured or killed every year.
1．答案 F
解析 根据上句“BASE jumping is a dangerous sport that involves using a parachute(降落伞) to jump off a high structure.”可知，F项承接上句，对极限跳伞运动进行说明，选项中的It指代上句中的“BASE jumping”。
2．答案 C
解析 根据上句“‘BASE numbers’ are awarded to those jumpers who have completed at least one jump from each of the categories.”可知，C项承接上句，继续对BASE number展开说明。选项中的“A BASE number”呼应上文中的“BASE numbers”。
3．答案 G
解析 根据上句“Improvements in equipment have helped reduce BASE jumping deaths.”以及下句“There are no reliable statistics on the number of people killed and injured while BASE jumping，but it is certainly more dangerous than skydiving.”可知，G项呼应上下文，说明尽管已经改进设备帮助减少这种极限跳伞运动导致的死亡，但是每年仍有许多人受伤或死亡。
4．答案 D
解析 根据上句“Because of the high death rate，BASE jumping has not gained widespread acceptance.”可知，D项承接上句，继续说明由于其高死亡率，极限跳伞在许多国家是非法的。
5．答案 A
解析 根据空后内容可知，该段主要讲述了不应该做极限跳伞的原因，A项符合题意，其中you是原词复现。故选A。必修第一册 UNIT 1 LIFE CHOICES(一)
高考题型组合练(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·山东青岛联考)
It was late，about 10：15 p．m.Janice Esposito got off the train at Bellport，New York，went to her car and started driving home.She was so familiar with the route that she almost drove automatically：turned left to the Station Road，then another left onto Montauk Highway，and then—bam! When Esposito’s car had just crossed the railroad tracks，it bumped into another vehicle and was pushed back onto the tracks.Injured but mostly shocked by the crash and by the airbags that popped up，she was stuck in the vehicle.
As it happened，Pete DiPinto was just about to go to sleep when he heard a sharp noise and saw the accident not far outside his bedroom window.As a volunteer firefighter and retired teacher，DiPinto，who was 65，fetched a flashlight and rushed out without hesitation.“Any firefighter would have done what I did，”he said.“We’re always on duty.”
At first，he spotted the other car in the accident.After making sure that the driver was all right，DiPinto looked around and discovered Esposito’s car straddling(横跨) the railway tracks.And then he heard the bell ring，which signaled a train’s arrival.
DiPinto rushed to Esposito’s car and broke the window on the driver’s side.Esposito looked up at him，with her eyes glazing over.“I don’t know where I am，”she said.
“You’re on the railroad tracks，”DiPinto yelled.“I have to get you off right now！”The train was running toward them at a speed of some 105 kilometers per hour.The driver’s door failed to be opened due to the collision(碰撞)，so DiPinto quickly ran to the other side and was able to open the door.He put the airbags aside，seized her arms，pulled her toward him across the passenger seat until finally got her out and walked her to safety as swiftly as possible.Several seconds later，the train crashed into the vehicle.“It was like a Hollywood movie，”DiPinto told reporters the next day.
“Last night，”said Gregory Miglino Jr.，Chief of the Department in South Country Ambulance，“the hero arrived in pajamas(睡衣裤)，not in a fire truck.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了65岁的志愿消防员Dipinto不顾自己安危把由于车祸被困在车里的Janice Esposito从铁轨上救出来的故事。
1．What can we know about the accident from paragraph 1
A．Esposito’s car hit another vehicle.
B．Esposito drove too fast.
C．Esposito didn’t know the route well.
D．A running train crashed into Esposito’s car.
2．How was Janice Esposito right after the accident
A．She felt all right.
B．She was badly hurt.
C．She got trapped in the car.
D．She completely lost her consciousness.
3．How was Janice Esposito rescued from her car
A．Through the window on the driver’s side.
B．Through the door on the driver’s side.
C．Through the window on the passenger’s side.
D．Through the door on the passenger’s side.
4．What did Gregory Miglino Jr.mean by saying “the hero arrived in pajamas(睡衣裤)，not in a fire truck”？
A．DiPinto was not a professional firefighter.
B．DiPinto rushed to save life without thinking about himself.
C．DiPinto was a special firefighter who preferred wearing pajamas.
D．DiPinto was unable to find a fire truck when the accident happened.
B
For more than a decade，a team of researchers have studied the dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet as it responds to a warming climate.But while much of their focus has been on water’s impacts on ice sheet change，their most recent research findings have overturned the order of their thinking.Meierbachtol，Harper and their team discovered that changes in the ice sheet have a real impact on the massive groundwater system underlying Greenland.
This latest discovery occurred thanks to a marriage of drilling techniques.International cooperators made an angled hole 650 meters through bedrock underneath a Greenland glacier(冰川) to measure groundwater conditions under the ice.Meanwhile，researchers drilled 32 holes from atop the glacier，through nearly a kilometer of ice，to measure water conditions at the area between ice and bedrock，which forms an important boundary controlling groundwater flow below.After drilling，the team fixed sensors in the ice column and at the ice sheet bed to measure ice dynamics and water conditions as water flows under the ice.
“By studying areas covered by ice 10,000 years ago，we have known that the huge mass and vast amounts of water from melting ice can impact the underlying groundwater，”Meierbachtol said.“It’s generally accepted that the groundwater is sleeping over decades to centuries and its response to ice sheet change is long：thousands of years.But what we’ve shown here is that it is immediate.”
This new understanding could have important subsequent effects on how Greenland’s thinning ice impacts the Arctic.The thinning ice could reduce the rate of groundwater flow to the ocean，changing the water temperature and salinity(盐度) balance that is important for ocean circulation(循环) patterns.“In thinking about the complex feedbacks from Greenland’s ongoing change，we have really ignored the groundwater component，”Harper said.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现格陵兰岛的地下水系统受到冰盖变化的影响。
5．How do the researchers feel about the result of the recent study
A．Satisfied. B．Disappointed.
C．Surprised. D．Doubtful.
6．What contributes most to the new research about the Greenland Ice Sheet
A．Fixing sensors into ice sheet.
B．Close international cooperation.
C．Advanced rock drilling technology.
D．A combination of two drilling approaches.
7．What is a misunderstanding of the groundwater under glaciers
A．It has a very large volume.
B．It is inactive for a long time.
C．Its component is complex.
D．Its temperature is changeable.
8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Water Impacts the Greenland’s Ice Sheet
B．Long-lasting Effects of Global Warming on the Arctic
C．Newly Discovered Groundwater Resources in Greenland
D．Greenland’s Groundwater Changes with Thinning Ice Sheet
C
To persist，life must reproduce.Scientists at the University of Vermont，Tufts University，and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University have discovered an entirely new form of biological reproduction and applied their discovery to creating the first-ever，self-replicating(自我复制的) living robots.
Named Xenobots after the African clawed frog from which scientists take their stem cells，the machines are less than 0.04 inches wide—small enough to travel inside human bodies.They can walk and swim，survive for weeks without food，and work together in groups.They even have regenerative capabilities；when the scientists sliced into one robot，it healed by itself and kept moving.
The Xenobots could potentially be used toward a host of tasks.Xenobots could be used to clean up radioactive waste and collect microplastics in the oceans.Some Xenobots have holes in their center，which could potentially be used to transport drugs or medicines.Traditional robots “degrade(降解) over time and can produce harmful ecological and health side effects，”researchers said in the study，which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.As biological machines，Xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health.Aside from these immediate practical tasks，Xenobots could also help researchers to learn more about cell biology—opening the doors to future advancement in human health and longevity.
While the prospect of self-replicating biotechnology could spark concern，the researchers said that the living machines were entirely contained in a lab and easily destroyed，as they are biodegradable and regulated by experts.“There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity(可塑性) and ability of cells to solve problems，”said Joshua Bongard，one of the lead researchers at the university of Vermont.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有史以来第一个可以自我复制、有生命的机器人。
9．Which of the following best explains “regenerative”underlined in paragraph 2
A．Fighting disease.
B．Recovering and growing again.
C．Self-cleaning regularly.
D．Replacing old cells.
10．What can we learn about Xenobots from paragraph 3
A．They can be widely applied to cure diseases.
B．They are harmless to the environment by degrading plastics.
C．They are specially designed to collect radioactive waste.
D．They can serve well the research on human health.
11．What is Bongard’s attitude towards the self-replicating biotechnology
A．Doubtful. B．Indifferent.
C．Positive. D．Ambiguous.
12．What does the text mainly talk about
A．The invention of the first self-reproduction robots.
B．An application of a machine in medicine.
C．The trend of developing biotechnology.
D．An experiment on African clawed frogs.
Ⅱ.七选五
BASE jumping is a dangerous sport that involves using a parachute(降落伞) to jump off a high structure. 1 Because BASE jumping is very dangerous，it is sometimes considered a “stunt”，or “daredevil activity”rather than a sport.
BASE is an acronym(首字母缩写) that stands for the four categories of fixed launch points for a BASE jump：building，antennae(高塔)，span(bridge) and earth(cliff)．“BASE numbers”are awarded to those jumpers who have completed at least one jump from each of the categories. 2
Carl Boenish made the first official BASE jump off the Troll Wall in Norway in 1984.Unfortunately，Carl Boenish was killed two days after that first BASE jump as he tried to make another BASE jump off the Troll Wall.Improvements in equipment have helped reduce BASE jumping deaths. 3 There are no reliable statistics on the number of people killed and injured while BASE jumping，but it is certainly more dangerous than skydiving.Because of the high death rate，BASE jumping has not gained widespread acceptance. 4 A BASE jumper needs to get permission to use both the place from which the jump is initiated(开始) and the landing areas.Some places，like the Troll Wall，are banned because of the high level of danger.However，many sites are still open to jumpers.
5 It can easily injure or kill you.You are a huge investment of time，energy，and money by your parents.Your parents expect you to have good judgment，so think hard before you do anything that is dangerous.
A．BASE jumping is something that you shouldn’t do.
B．Teens’ parents don’t support BASE jumping because it costs money.
C．A BASE number qualifies the participant as a recognized BASE jumper.
D．This is also one of the reasons that it is considered illegal in many countries.
E．BASE jumping just gets even more dangerous as you compete to be the quickest.
F．It has become popular with those constantly looking for new and exciting things to do.
G．Nevertheless，many people，including skilled jumpers，are still injured or killed every year.
