2023届高考英语复习介词和介词短语讲练测课件 (共53张PPT)

(共53张PPT)
介词和介词短语
高考链接
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example，most people traditionally eat ______ their hands.
3. (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away ____ car and offers all the scenery of the better known city.
in
with
by
一、表示地点的介词
1．表示地理位置的in, on, to。
in表示在某范围内，on指“与……毗邻”，to指在某环境范围之外。
Changchun is in the northeast of China.
(长春是中国的组成部分)
Mongolia is on the north of China.
(蒙古与中国接壤)
Japan is to the east of China.
(中国和日本是隔海相望的)
2．表示“在……上”的on和in。
on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。
There is a book on the piece of paper.
There is an interesting article in the newspaper.
3．表示“穿过……”的through和across。
through表示从内部通过
across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过
Water flows through the pipe.
The old man walked across the street.
4．above, below, over, under, on, beneath的区别。
above　 在某物的斜上方
below 在某物的斜下方
over 在某物的正上方
under 在某物的正下方
on 在某物的上面(两者接触)
beneath 在某物的下面(两者接触)
二、表示时间的介词
1．表示时间的at, in, on。
(1)at表示片刻的时间。例如：at noon, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas等。
(2)in表示一段的时间。例如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。
(3) on是指在特定的某一天或某一天的上午、下午和晚上。例如：on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following day, on a warm morning等。
2．表示时间的since, for和from。
(1)since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与完成时连用。注：since 从句用过去时，主句完成时
We have not seen each other since 2005.
(2)“for＋时间段”，表示行为或状态持续的时间。
I have been teaching in the school for ten years.
(3)from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。
I hope to do morning exercises from today.
3．表示时间的after和in。
(1)after表示在某一具体时间点之后，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)。
After seven the rain began to fall.
(2) in短语和将来时态连用。
We'll be back in three days.
4．表示时间的over和during。
(1)“over＋名词”表示“一边……一边……；在……过程中”。
Let's have a talk about it over a coffee.
(2)“during＋名词”表示“在……期间”，通常用于一般过去时。
He picked up Japanese during his stay in Japan.
三、表示“除了”的介词
1．besides指“除了……还有，再加上”，也可用in addition to。
Besides stamps, he also collects ancient coins.
2．except指“除了，减去……”
All went out except me.
3．but与except意思近似，表示“除了……外”，经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。
I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.
四、表示“方式和方法”的介词
介词by, in, with。
by表示使用某种交通工具，且名词前面不加冠词。
in通常指使用某种语言、某种字体等。
with指使用有形的工具、物体或身体的某些部分。
You can reach the island by road or by sea.
You must write the title of the passage in capitals.
The monkey can reach the bananas on the tree with some tools.
五、表示原因的介词
1．because of/on account of
意思是“因为，由于”，引起的介词短语通常作状语，可以放于句首或句中。
He didn't attend the meeting because of the heavy rain.
2．due to
意思是“因为，由于”，通常只作表语
His illness was due to smoking and drinking.
3．thanks to
意思是“因为，由于，多亏了”，多用于句首。
Thanks to his timely help, we finished the task in time.
4．for
意思是“因为”，常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因，而but for表示“如果不是因为，要不是”。
He gave up smoking for his bad health.
He would have played but for a knee injury.
5．at和with
(1)at和一些形容词连用表示引起某种情绪的原因。
be angry at/be surprised at
(2)with和一些名词搭配也可表示原因，指由于外界而影响到内部，意为“因为；由于”。
jump with joy (高兴地跳起来), shake with anger (气得发抖)
1．“by＋交通方式”，中间不加冠词；如果中间加冠词或形容词性物主代词，则介词要用in, on等。
by bike＝on the bike, by train＝in the train。
2．on有时加上特定的词表示“通过某种方式”。
on foot步行　　 on a horse骑马
[注意事项]
1．(2018·河南豫南九校质量考评)My parents and teachers were surprised _____ my bad performance.
2．(2018·河南八市重点高中质检)Ocean currents changed ____ the climate and probably led the fish into different areas.
3．(2018·江西九江一中第一次月考)Las Vegas is a very exciting city ______ great hotels, fine restaurants and even casinos.
4．The gunshot sent the birds flying _____ all directions.
at
with
with
in
固定搭配中的介词
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back
_______my days on a TV show in the mid 1980s ...
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused ____ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
3.(2016·四川高考)The mother continued to care for the young panda ________ more than two years.
4.(2016·天津高考改编)I hate it when she calls me at work — I'm always too busy to carry ______ a conversation with her.
to
on
for
on
一、介词与名词的常用搭配
1．at＋n.表示状态
不知所措
处于和平中
在战争中
在工作
静止，不动
安心自在，不拘束
随便地，胡乱地
2.at +n 表示时间
在圣诞节
在黄昏
在拂晓
在黎明
在午夜/夜里/正午
目前
日出时/日落时分
at a loss
at peace
at war
at work
at rest
at ease
at random
at Christmas
at dusk
at dawn
at daybreak
at midnight/night/noon
at present
at sunrise/sunset
3．其他以at开头的介词短语
在……的开始
以……的代价
冒……的危险
在……支配下；任由……摆布
在...脚下
以....的价格
冒着...的危险
在...顶部
在...岁时候
在..的底部
在..顶峰
以... 的比例，以...的速度
以...的速度
应...的要求
一想到...就...
一看到...就...
at the beginning of
at the cost/expense of
at the risk of
at the mercy of
at the foot of
at the price of
at the risk of
at the top of
at the age of
at the bottom of
at the peak of
at the rate of
at the speed of
at the request of
at the thought of
at the sight of
4．on＋n.表示状态
在展出
着火
出售；打折
在途中
在减少/在增加
在度假
因公出差
在值班/警戒中
在线
在罢工
在受审
在广播里
请假
在节食
在野餐
在航海
on exhibition/show/display
on fire
on sale
on the way
on the decrease/increase
on holiday/vacation
on business
on duty/guard
on line
on strike
on trial
on the radio
on leave
on diet
on a picnic
on a voyage
5．其他以on开头的介词短语
因为
代表
决不
以...为基础
在...时
正要
在...的条件下
on account of
on behalf of
on no account/condition
on the basis of
on the occasion of
on the point of
on the condition of
6．by＋n.表示方式
偶然
乘飞机
偶然 /碰巧
手工
错误地
按天算
天生地
轮流
按重量/体积/大小/数量
按小时/千克
故意地
by accident
by air/plane
by chance/ coincidence
by hand
by mistake
by the day
by nature
by turns
by weight/volume/size/number
by the hour/kilogram
by design
7．in＋n.表示方式
用现金付款
在深度上
详细地
在高度上
在长度上
用英语
在大小/形状/宽度上
简言之
一般来说
亲自
轮流地
作为回报
提前，预先
in cash
in depth
in detail
in height
in length
in English
in size/shape/width
in brief
in general
in person
in turn
in return
in advance
8．in＋n.表示状态
生气
在战斗中
舒适地
状态良好
在危险中
在负债
高兴地/失望
在困难中
不确定，拿不准
害怕中，恐惧中
情绪高涨地
在危机中
整齐
安详地
在实践中
有进展
in anger
in battle
in comfort
in good condition
in danger
in debt
in delight/despair
in difficulty
in doubt
in fear
in high spirits
in need
in order
in peace
in practice
in progress
公开地
衣衫褴褛
严重受损，破败不堪
安全地
秘密地
羞愧地
在视野范围里
沉默着
在宇宙空间
在使用中
惊奇地
共有
在恰当的位置，合适
in public
in rags
in ruins
in safety
in secret
in shame
in sight/view
in silence
in space
in use
in wonder
in common
in place
9．其他以in开头的介词短语
立刻　　　　　　
决不
代替
拥有；占有
另外
掌管……
被...拥有
作为交换
支持；赞成
万一；如果；假如
为向……表示敬意
为了纪念……
为支持……
面对
与... 协调/一致/和谐
支持，赞成
表扬
in no time
in no way
in place of
in possession of
in addition to
in charge of
in the possession of
in exchange for
in favor of
in case of
in honour of
in memory of
in support of
in face of
in harmony with
in favour of
in praise of
关于
作为... 的回报
作为...回应
在... 方向
有...的习惯
尽管
就...而言
需要
in respect of
in return for
in response to
in the direction of
in the habit of
in spite of
in terms of
in want /demand of
be of benefit
be of help
be of importance
be of significance
be of use
be of value
10．of＋n.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)
有益处的
有帮助的
重要的
有意义的
有用的
有价值的
11．out of＋n.表示状态
失去平衡
上气不接下气
不受控制
过期
出故障
看不到
不可能
失业
不流行
不欠债
发狂
不耐烦
不 使用
过季
看不见
不再合适的位置，不恰当，不合适
out of balance
out of breath
out of control
out of date
out of order
out of sight
out of the question
out of work
out of fashion
out of debt
out of mind
out of patience
out of use
out of season
out of sight
out of place
走样，不成形
摆脱困难
失业
出于尊重
出于好奇
出于嫉妒
出于好意
不和谐
out of shape
out of trouble
out of work
out of respect
out of curiosity
out of envy
out of kindness
out of harmony
12．under＋n.表示被动
遭到袭击
在压力下
在治疗中
处于控制之中
在考虑中
在讨论中
遭受洪灾
在测试/实验中
在建设中
在修理中
under attack
under pressure
under treatment
under control
under consideration
under discussion
under flood
under test
under construction
under repair
13．under开头的复合介词短语
在... 看护下
在...的统率下
在...控制下
在...的指导下
在...的影响下
在...的保护下
由...治疗
在...的知道下
在...的领导下
under the care of
under the command of
under the control of
under the direction of
under the influence of
under the protection of
under the treatment of
under the guidance of
under the leadership of
14．with＋n.表示方式
困难地
轻而易举地
害怕地/高兴地/生气地/
乐意地
英勇地
亲切地
成功地
满意地
with difficulty
with ease
with fear/ delight(joy)/anger
with pleasure
with courage
with kindness
with success
with satisfaction
15．beyond＋n.表示“超出……，难以……”
无与伦比
够不到
难以描述
难以表达
无法相信，难以置信
难以理解
失控
在能力范围之外
赞不绝口
无可争辩
难以修理
做梦都没想到，远远出乎所料
beyond compare
beyond reach
beyond description
beyond expression/words
beyond belief
beyond comprehension
beyond control
beyond power
beyond praise
beyond question
beyond repair
beyond one’s wildest dreams
16．from ..to结构的短语
从头到尾
从头到脚
越来越糟
从早到晚
有时，不时地
各处，到处
彻底地，从头到尾
挨门挨户
勉强糊口
一代代地
一个传一个
from beginning to end
from head to foot
from bad to worse
from morning to night
from time to time
from place to place
from top to bottom
from door to door
from hand to mouth
from generation to generation
from mouth to mouth
17．n+介词+n结构的短语
肩并肩
一步步地，逐渐地
一个接一个地
一点点地
一天天地
日常地
互相交心地
面对面地
背靠背地
肩并肩地
side by side
step by step
one by one
little by little
day by day
day to day
heart to heart
face to face
back to back
shoulder to shoulder
二、介词与形容词的常用搭配
1．be＋adj.＋about
忧虑……
对……好奇
对……讲究/挑剔
对……担心
对……认真
对……热情
对……乐观
对……怀有希望
对……怀疑
be anxious about
be curious about
be particular about
be worried/concerned about
be serious about
be enthusiastic about
be optimistic about
be hopeful about
be doubtful about
2．be＋adj.＋at
因……生气
擅长
对……吃惊
出席
对……感到高兴
受到 惊吓
对....机敏
对....失望
be angry at
be good at
be astonished/shocked/surprised at
be present at
be delighted at
be frightened /terrified at
be quick at
be disappointed at
3．be＋adj.＋in
专注于……
积极于……
穿着……
忙于……
富含……
忙于……
富有，富于
对……有信心
陷入沉思
在……优秀
在…… 方面有经验
擅长
对……感兴趣
包括在……中，被卷入
迟缓
在..方面严格
缺乏
be absorbed in
be active in
be dressed in
be engaged in
be rich in
be occupied in
be abundant/ rich in
be confident in
be buried in
be excellent in
be experienced in
be expert in
be interested in
be involved in
be slow in
be strict in
be lacking in
4．be＋adj.＋for
渴望……
以……著名
适合，胜任……
准备好……
对……感到抱歉
为……做好准备
渴望
因 感激
对... 负责
5．be＋adj.＋from
缺席
不同于
远离
不受……影响
免受 伤害
be eager/anxious for
be famous for
be fit for
be ready for
be sorry for
be prepared for
be hungry/ thirsty for
be thankful/grateful for
be responsible for
be absent from
be different from
be far from
be free from
be safe from
6．be＋adj.＋to
接近……
致力于……
等于胜任……
对……来说熟悉
对……友好
对……有危害
与……相似
对……心存感激
对…敏感，觉察，关心
对... 是盲目的/不愿意听的
接近
致力于
对... 公平
对....有害
为...所知
反对
be close to
be devoted to
be equal to
be familiar to
be friendly /kind to
be harmful to
be similar to
be grateful to
be alive to
be blind /deaf to
be close to
be devoted to
be fair to
be harmful to
be known to
be opposed to
显然
对……有礼貌
合…… 意
与…… 有关
对…… 无礼
次于
忠于
对…… 有用
习惯于
be obvious to
be polite to
be pleasant to
be relevant to
be rude to
be second to
be true to
be useful to
be/get used to
7．be＋adj.＋of
意识到……
喜欢……
因……而自豪
缺乏……
为.... 感到羞耻
能够
由...组成
充满
有....罪
坚信，确信
厌烦
值得
除去，摆脱
独立于
爱惜，注意
be aware of
be fond of
be proud of
be short of
be ashamed of
be capable of
be composed of
be full of
be guilty of
be sure /certain of
be sick/tired of
be worthy of
be /get rid of
be independent of
be careful of
8．be＋adj.＋with
忙于……
对……熟悉
与……结合
对……有耐心
受……的欢迎
对……感到满意
对(某人)发怒
与……相识
对……烦恼
与……有关，涉及，关心，关注
与……有关
对……满意
被……覆盖
充满
患……病
对某人要求严格
be busy with
be familiar with
be combined with
be patient with
be popular with
be pleased with
by angry with (sb.)
be acquainted with
be annoyed with
be concerned with
be connected with
be satisfied/pleased with
be covered with
be crowded with
be sick with
be strict with sb
1．(2018·南昌五校一模)Nowadays, millions _____ lonely singles are now going online.
2．(2018·河南部分重点中学联考)A woman, sitting next to the boy, discovered he was ____ a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop.
3．(2018·河北正定中学月考)Sichuan is home ____ pandas, also the starting point of the Southern Silk Road.
to
on
of
题组1
1.These comments came ______response to specific question often
asked by local newsmen.
2.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way
For us to survive is to live _______ harmony with nature.
3.It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay _______case
we got worried.
4.Most people work because it’s unavoidable.________ contrast, there
are some people who actually enjoy work.
5.This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you ___
advance that if you smoked her you would be fined.
6.While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had
with the villagers without asking for anything ________return.
7.Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves_____ half an
hour.
8.It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life ___spite of his
great wealth.
1.in 2.in 3.in 4.By/In 5.in 6. in 7.in 8. in
9. His efforts to raise money for his programme were_____ vain because
no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pocket.
10.He looked puzzled because what the teacher said in class was far
________ his understanding.
11.I’m so grateful _______ all those volunteers because they helped my
terrible day end happily.
12.I don’t think what he said is relevant ______ the topic we are
discussing .He has missed the point .
13.Andy is content _______ the toy.It is the best he has ever got.
14.The park was full _____ people ,enjoying themselves in the sunshine.
15.I needn’t have worried before I came to the new school, for my
classmates here are very friendly ____me.
16.She has already tried her best.Please don’t be too particular _____
her job.
17.Our teacher is strict _____ us _____ our schoolwork.
9.in 10. beyond11.to 12.to 13.with 14.of 15.to 16.about 17.with,in
18.Sometimes, human beings are too cruel ______ their best friends—
animals.
19.The voice of China is popular______ the audience all over country.
20.Tired ______ the same work every day, he decided to have a change.
21.I am always delighted when I receive an email from you. With regard
_______the party on July1st I shall be pleased to attend.
22.I have an appointment _______Dr.Smith, but I need to change it.
23.The Smiths are praised ____ the way they bring up their children.
24.It will be a great help if you go to the store and get what we need for
dinner._________the meantime, I’ll set the table.
25.______behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back
to your country.
26.Mr.Brown said he was by no means annoyed.______ the contrary,
he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.
27.I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ______
28.Our club is open to everyone regardless _____age,sex or educational
background.
18.to 19.with 20.of21.to 22.with 23.for 24.In 25.On 26.on 27.for 28.of
1.September30 is the day ______which you must pay your bill.
2.Check carrots ,potatoes, onions and any other vegetables _____
store and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting
3.Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups
too to stay ______ shape.
4.Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial
independence .________ the other hand, it could just put ____debt.
5.She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ______ the road.
6.People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of
their own crying ______expression.
7.The Scottish girl _________blue eyes won first prize in the Fifth Chinese
Speech Contest.
8._______addition to the school, the village has a clinic, which was also
built with government support.
9.I agree to his suggestion______ condition that he drops all charges
1.by 2. in 3.in 4.On in 5.off 6.for cry for sth 急迫需要 7.with 8.In
9. on
题组2
10.I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy______ the past
couple of weeks.
11.----I’m looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas
----How about the Moon Lake It is _____easy reach of the city.
12.He was a good student and scored ______ average in most subjects.
13.Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are
always ______ the way whenever she tries to.
14.Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library
______a book about it.
15. Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek ______ food safety
problem.
16.More and more high-rise building have been built in big cities ______
lack of space.
10.over 11.within 12.above 13.in 14.for 15.to 16.for
1.With new technology ,pictures of underwater valleys can be taken ____
colour.
2.An artist who was recently travelling on a ferry to the southern island
discovered ______chance a long lost antique Greek vase.
3.So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is far
__________ideal. We have to work still harder.
4.People have always been curious ____exactly how life on earth began.
5.My father warned me ______ going to the West Coast because it was
crowed with tourists.
6.A serious study of physics is impossible ______ some knowledge of
mathematics.
7.100C is the temperature ______which water will boil.
8.Would you mind not pickings the flowers in the garden They are ____
everyone’s enjoyment.
9.It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in
exchange______ favours to them.
1.in 2. by 3. from 4. about 5.against 6.without 7.at 8.for 9.for
题组3
10.We give dogs time ,space and love we can spare, and ______return,
dogs give us their all.
11.Tried ,Jim was fast sleep with his back ________ a big tree.
12.It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _____easy
reach.
13.This special school accepts all disabled students, regardless ______
educational level and background.
14.The art show was far _______being a failure. It was a great success.
10.in 11.against 12.within 13.of 14. from
题组4
1.Children need friends _______ their own age to play with.
2.----How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!
----It's a challenge ,I guess,______ man against nature.
3.It took more________ building supplies to construct these
energy-saving houses. It took brains, too.
4.Everybody was touched ______words after they heard her moving
story.
5.The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way,
______little foreign ownership.
6.Try on this red skirt. You will look great ______it.
7.You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request ______the form
of question.
8._______ all the animals I have ever had, these two dogs are the most
sensitive to the spoken word.
9.Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems______
themselves, and solve their problems _____themselves.
1.of 2. of 3. than 4. beyond 5.with 6. in 7.in 8.Of 9. to, by
10.According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of
cancer ______a woman.
11.The house I grew up _____ has been taken down and replaced by an
office building.
12.A great person is always putting others' interests ______his own.
13.He invited me to a dance after the show ______ Christmas Eve.
14.Four Chinese models were ________the 14 people awarded prizes on
Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.
15.I began to feel ________home in the new school when I saw some
familiar faces.
10.than 11.in 12.above 13.on 14.among 15.at
1.---Why do you suggest we buy a new machine
----Because the old one has been damaged _____ repair.
2.Let's learn to use the problem we are facing_____ a stepping-stone to future success.
3._______the fact that many drivers are ever trained, we cannot stress too much the importance of traffic safety.
4.The two sportsmen congratulated each other _______ winning the match by shaking hands.
5.I like Mr. Miner's speech. It was clear and _________the point.
6.By nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Onmolangma,______which appeared a race rainbow soon.
7.You have no idea how she finished the relay race ______her foot wounded so much.
8.When she first arrived in China ,she wondered what the future might have_______store for her, but now all her worries are gone
题组5
1.beyond 2.as 3.Despite 4.on 5. to 6.above7.with 8.in
9.The little pupil took his grandma ________ the arm and walked her across the street.
10.Elizabeth has already achieved success ___________her wildest dream.
11.I have offered to paint the house _______exchange for a week’s
accommodation.
12.This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school ______
girls of your age.
13.---I think he is taking an active part in social work.
----I agree with you ________ a way.
14.Scientists are convinced ________ the positive effect of laughter
on physical and mental health.
15.Despite such a big difference in attitude__________ what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese
food as something special.
9.by 10.beyond 11.in 12.for 13.in 14. of 15.towards/to