备战2023中考英语语法知识梳理——专题五介词（河北）(共69张PPT)

(共69张PPT)
专题五 介词
专题五 介词
栏目导航
数据纵览 考情分析
1
数据链接 真题试做
2
数据共享 考点聚集
3
知识导图
介词
时间介词
方式及其
他介词
方位介词
介词短语及
固定搭配
2013—2022年河北中考命题分析
数据纵览 考情分析
1
介词是河北中考的常考点。单项选择、完形填空中常有出现。主要考查介词的固定搭配,及常见介词的基本用法 考生要注意总结各类介词的基本用法,并熟记介词短语及介词与动词、形容词的搭配
考点综述
满分攻略
2023预测 (★★☆) 预测2023年河北中考会有题目涉及介词,多会出现在单项选择、完形填空或词语运用中。单项选择与完形填空中考查介词的辨析,词语运用考查介词的固定搭配,分值1—2分
考点 年份 时间介词 方位介词 物主代词 方式及其他介词 介词短语及固定搭配
题号 题目设置 题号 题目设置 题号 题目设置 题号 题目设置
2022 — — 32 at, in, of, by — — 47 because of, opposite to, according to, instead of
75 say hello to
2021 — — — — 31 in, on, with, for
47 about, from, except,without
续表
考点 年份 时间介词 方位介词 物主代词 方式及其他介词 介词短语及固定搭配
题号 题目设置 题号 题目设置 题号 题目设置 题号 题目设置
2020 — — 31 at, to, on, off — — — —
77 from
2019 — — — — 28 for, in, with, by — —
41 with, about, into, from
2018 — — 41 in, outside, for, without — — — —
续表
考点 年份 时间介词 方位介词 物主代词 方式及其他介词 介词短语及固定搭配
题号 题目设置 题号 题目设置 题号 题目设置 题号 题目设置
2017 — — — — — — 27 on your right
2016 — — — — 26 at, into, on, with 45 at last, at most,at first, at least
2015 — — — — — — — —
2014 — — — — 28 at, as — —
2013 — — — — — — 28 at age 7
续表
数据链接 真题试做
2
单项选择
1. (2019·河北) This story is 　　 simple English. My little sister can read it.
A. for B. in C. with　　D. by
2. (2017·河北) Just walk down this road and you’ll see the museum ____ your right.
A. on B. in C. at D. by
B
A
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2
1
3. (2016·河北) Class, let’s see who can spell most words 　　 these letters.
A. at B. into C. on D. with
4. (2022·河北) Look! The fish is swimming fast 　　 the river.
A. at　 B. in　 C. of　 D. by
5.(2021·河北) I eat rice 　　 beef and potatoes. It’s delicious.
A. in B. on C. with D. for
D
B
C
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2
1
数据共享 考点聚焦
3
时间介词
考点 一
方位介词
考点 二
方式及其他介词
考点 三
介词短语及固定搭配
考点 四
考点考法强化
1. (2022·邯郸邯山区一模) We said goodbye forever to Yuan Longping ___　　May 22nd, 2021.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
2. (2022·邯郸大名县三模) 　　 the day of Dongzhi, northern Chinese often eat dumplings.
A. To　 B. In　 C. On　 D. At
B
C
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时间介词
考点 一
3. (2022·福州二模改编) — Why do you look so tired
— I prepared for the history test 　　 3:00 this morning and didn’t have enough sleep.
A. in B. for　 C. until D. during
4. (2022·怀化改编) Mingming will have a class meeting 　　 3:30 this afternoon.
A. on B. in　 C. at D. for
C
C
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5. (2022·重庆) Father’s Day comes 　　 June every year.
A. in　 B. on　 C. at　 D. to
6. (2022·宁德模拟改编) A 19-meter whale was saved from the shore in Ningbo 　　 April 20th.
A. in　　　 B. on　 C. at D. from
7. (2022·百色模拟) Mr. Li will arrive here 　　 the morning of July 15.
A. at　 B. on　 C. in　 D. to
A
B
B
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8. (2022·宿迁宿城区二模) I often do voluntary work in the community ____　　Sundays.
A. at　 B. in　 C. on　 D. from
9. (2022·大连一模) 　　 2003, China sent its first astronaut, Yang Liwei, into space.
A. In　 B. On　 C. At　 D. Of
C
A
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10. (2022·北京丰台区二模) Many people go to Tian’anmen Square ____ 　 National Day.
A. on　 B. to　 C. in　 D. at
11. (2022·上海宝山区二模) 　　 a cold night, Simon decided to go out to work to support his family.
A. On　 B. In　 C. At　 D. By
A
A
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12. (2022·深圳模拟) Many citizens took part in planting trees 　　 9:00 a.m.　　　　 the morning of March 12.
A. at; in　 B. at; on C. on; in　 D. on; on
13. (2022·漳州二模改编) 　　 January 1, 2022, the law on Family Education Promotion(促进) came into effect.
A. At B. In　 C. On D. To
B
C
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14. (2022·重庆三模) 　　 spring, grandma plants many kinds of vegetables in the garden.
A. In B. On C. With D. At
15. (2022·南京溧水区校级模拟) He gets to school at about 6:30 a.m. every day and doesn’t come home 　　 9 p.m.
A. though B. until C. since D. when
A
B
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学法方法点拨
介词 用法 例句
in 泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上 I do sports in the morning.
我早上做运动。
表示较长时间段的月份、季节、年份、时代、世纪等 We are now living in the 21st century. 我们现在生活在21世纪。
in+时间段,表示多久之后,用于将来时 The meeting will begin in fifteen minutes. 会议将于15分钟后开始。
续表
介词 用法 例句
on 用在星期几,具体某一天或节日前 Jane bought her coat on May 3rd.
简在五月三日买的她那件大衣。
表示某一天的上午、下午、晚上 He has to work on Sunday afternoon.
他不得不在星期天下午工作。
at 多用于具体的钟点时刻前 The man usually gets up at 6:30.
这个人通常在六点半起床。
可用于固定搭配中,如:at noon、at night、at the beginning of、at the end of、at last、at the age of等 We will have a party at the end of this month. 我们在本月末要举办一次派对。
续表
介词 用法 例句
since 指从某时一直延续至今,后接具体的过去时间,句子常用现在完成时 I have been a doctor since 2003.
我自2003年起就是一位医生。
for 动作持续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段,句子可用现在完成时、一般过去时等 We have known each other for more than ten years. 我们彼此相识有十年多了。
before 意为“在……之前” You must come back before lunch.
你必须午饭之前回来。
续表
介词 用法 例句
after 意为 “在……之后” My parents often go for a walk after supper. 我父母经常在晚饭后去散步。
until 用在肯定句中,意为“直到……为止”,其前的谓语动词需用延续性动词 He waited until midnight.
他一直等到半夜。
用于否定句中,意为“直到……才”,其前的谓语动词多用非延续性动词 He didn’t leave until midnight.
他直到半夜才离开。
续表
介词 用法 例句
by 后接时间点表示“在……之前”。如果by后加将来的时间点,应用将来时;如果by后跟一个过去的时间点,应用过去完成时 By the end of last term, we had learned about 2,000 English words. 到上学期末为止, 我们已经学了大约2000个英语单词。
from 意为“从……开始”,谓语可用过去、现在或将来的时态。from now on “从今往后”,from then on “自那时起” We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从周一至周五去上学。
续表
介词 用法 例句
during “在……期间”,后接时间段 During the summer holiday, I like to go swimming with my friends. 在暑假期间,我喜欢和朋友们去游泳。
考点考法强化
1. (2022·济南历下区二模) — Where’s Tom
— He’s making breakfast 　　 the kitchen.
A. in B. under C. on D. over
2. (2022·抚顺顺城区模拟) Amy has changed a lot. She stood 　　 me just now, but I didn’t recognize(认出) her.
A. over B.opposite C. across D. through
A
B
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方位介词
考点 二
3. (2022·合肥蜀山区校级模拟) — How to be a good reader
— I think a good reader should read between the lines, especially the words.
A. against　 B. under　 C. over　 D. behind
4. (2022·上海杨浦区三模) The statue stands 　　 a small island in New York Harbour, near the great city.
A. above　 B. in　 C. at　 D. on
D
D
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5. (2022·包头二模) — Dear, why are you so late
— Someone’s car was 　　 my way and I waited until it was moved away.
A. in　 B. on　 C. by　 D. along
6. (2022·北京石景山区二模) Let’s meet 　　 the bus stop after school and then go home together.
A. at　 B. to　 C. of　 D. with
A
A
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7. (2022·乐清市一模) Our country was rather weak 100 years ago but now it’s 　　 the strongest countries of the world.
A. including B. among C. above D. between
8. (原创) Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February. It’s ____ the south of China, 　　 the west of Jiangsu.
A. in; to B. to; in C. in; on D. to; to
B
A
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9. (原创) She was sitting over there 　　 the window for half an hour.
A. in B. on C. by D. at
10. Take the second turning 　　 the left. There are 　　 of restaurants for you to choose from.
A. on; hundreds B. at; two hundred C. on; a plenty D. at; plenty
11. (原创) The boys are 　　 the right in the picture.
A. in　 B. on C. at　 D. for
C
A
B
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12. (原创) — Shall we meet 　　 the park gate next Sunday
— Sure.
A. on　 B. at C. in D. over
13. (原创) I can see a picture of Jenny’s family 　　 the wall.
A. under　 B. on C. in D. at
14. (原创) — Mom, where is the cat I can’t find it.
— Oh, look! It’s 　　 the bed.
A. above　 B. in C. under　 D. over
B
C
B
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15. (原创) China lies 　　 the east of Asia and 　　 the north of Malaysia.
A. to; in　 B. in; on C. on; in D. in; to
16. (原创) There is a bridge 　　 the river. It’s made of stone.
A. across　 B. on C. over　 D. through
17. (原创) Don’t read 　　 the sun, Mary! It’s bad 　　 your eyes.
A. under; to B. below; for C. in; for D. into; to
D
C
C
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18. (原创)— Excuse me, is there a reading room in your school
— Yes. It’s 　　 the third floor.
A. on　 B. in C. at D. to
A
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学法方法点拨
介词(短语) 用法 例句
at 表示地域面积不大的某个点的地方 I was sitting at my desk.
当时我正坐在课桌旁。
用在很多人参与的活动场合或地点前 Were you at Lisa’s party/the cinema/the theatre 你当时在丽莎的聚会上/电影院里/剧院里吗
用在学校/家/工作前 at school/home/work 在学校/家/工作
介词(短语) 用法 例句
at 用在公共服务场所前 I was at the doctor’s at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我在诊所里。
to 表示“到,往”,也可表示在某一地区之外的某方位 I go to school by bike. 我骑自行车去上学。
in “在……之中”,也可表示在某一地区之内的某方位 Ping-pong is popular in China.
乒乓球运动在中国很流行。
Shenyang is in the northeast of China.
沈阳在中国的东北部。
续表
介词(短语) 用法 例句
on “在……上面”,表示两物体接触 There are some leaves on the ground.
地面上有一些叶子。
表示与某地是毗邻关系 The village is on the north of that one.
这个村庄在那个(村庄)的北面。
用在建筑物的楼层前 I live on the third floor. 我住三楼。
用在某些公共交通工具前 I was on the train when she phoned me. 她给我打电话时,我在火车上。
续表
介词(短语) 用法 例句
over 指“在……的正上方”,表示垂直在上 There is a plane flying over our school.
有一架飞机在我们学校上空飞过。
above 指“在上方”,属于斜上方;也可指温度,above zero“零度以上” The picture is above my bed.
这幅画在我的床的上方。
below 表示“在下方或位置低于……”,不一定有垂直在下之意;也可指温度,below zero“零度以下” The football is below my desk.
足球在我的桌子下方。
续表
介词(短语) 用法 例句
under 表示“在……正下方” There are many bikes under the trees.
树下有许多辆自行车。
near “在……附近” Is there a bank near here 这附近有一家银行吗
next to “紧挨着” The library is next to the post office.
图书馆和邮局紧挨着。
beside “在……旁边” Our house is beside a park. 我们家在公园旁边。
behind “在……后边” I sit behind Jenny. 我坐在珍妮后面。
续表
介词(短语) 用法 例句
across from “在……对面” The zoo is across from the street.
动物园在街道对面。
in front of “在……之前”(外部) There are many flowers in front of our classroom. 我们的教室前面有许多花。
in the front of “在……的前面”(内部) The teacher is standing in the front of our classroom. 老师正站在我们的教室的前面。
between “在……之间(两者)” There is a hospital between the hotel and the supermarket. 在旅馆和超市中间有一家医院。
续表
介词(短语) 用法 例句
among 指“在……(三者或三者以上)之间” He was happy to be among the friends again.
再次来到朋友之中,他感到很高兴。
续表
考点考法强化
1. (2022·沧州五中二模) — Mrs. Green, do we need to practice speaking English every day
— Yes. You can hardly speak good English 　　 practicing.
A. by B. besides C. without D. through
C
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方式及其他介词
考点 三
2. (2022·唐山迁安一模) He became good at English 　　 the help of his teacher.
A. by B. with C. on D. for
3. (2022·邯郸馆陶区一模) — We get more information 　　 surfing the Internet.
— Yes, it’s very convenient.
A. in B. to C. for D. by
B
D
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4. (2022·唐山迁安市三模) She can express herself 　　 English.
A. on　 B. in　 C. by　 D. with
5. (2022·连云港) The traffic light is green. Let’s go 　　 the road.
A. against　B. among C. across　 D. above
6. (2022·成都改编) My mother often tells me it’s impolite to hit an empty bowl 　　 chopsticks.
A. in B. on C. with D. by
B
C
C
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7. (2022·云南) — How do you relax in your free time
— 　　 doing sports and listening to music.
A. At　 B. On　 C. In　 D. By
8. (2022·天津二模) The Danube is a river in Europe, and goes Vienna.
A.through　B. from C. among　 D. between
D
A
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9. (2022·福州模拟) — Everyone in my family can play table tennis, ____　 Tommy.
— Really He is only five years old!
A. including　 B. except C. beside　 D. but
10. (原创) Don’t waste water. Water is very important and no one can live 　　　　____ it.
A. without B. with C. except D. besides
A
A
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11. (原创) My father usually goes to work 　　 a bus.
A. by　 B. on C. takes　 D. for
12. (原创) I often go to school 　　 bike, but sometimes I go to school ____　　foot.
A. by; on B. by; by C. on; by D. on; on
13. (原创) We can’t do it 　　 your help.
A. with　 B. of C. under D. without
B
D
A
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14. (原创) In many western countries, supermarkets can only provide customers 　　 paper bags.
A. with　 B. for C. to D. of
A
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学法方法点拨
介词表示方式 用法 例句
表示交通方式的介词 用by时,交通工具前不用任何限定词;用on或in时,交通工具前用限定词 I go to school by bike. =I go to school on a bike.
我骑自行车去上学。
表示手段或工具的介词 with后跟具体有形的工具 Please do your homework with a pen.
请用钢笔写作业。
介词表示方式 用法 例句
表示手段或工具的介词 in表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料;语言、材料前不加冠词 Can you say it in English 你会用英语说它吗
by表示用某种方式或手段,名词前不加冠词,后面也可用动词-ing形式 I learn English by watching movies.
我通过看电影学习英语。
续表
介词表示方式 用法 例句
其他介词 across “横穿,穿越”,强调穿过某一平面,表示运动发生在物体的表面。表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across Don’t go across the street when the traffic lights are red. 交通灯是红灯时不能穿过马路。
through 意为“跨过,越过”,强调从某一空间内通过,表示运动发生在某物的空间内 The man climbed into his room through the window. 这个人通过窗户爬进了房间。
续表
介词表示方式 用法 例句
其他介词 over 多指在空间范围上方“越过” The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast. 飞机飞过东南部的一列山脉。
past 指“经过” I walked past a park. 我路过一个公园。
with 意为“和,附带,带有”, 常用搭配有:with the help of …、play with、together with等 I go to school with Mary. 我和玛丽一起去上学。
续表
介词表示方式 用法 例句
其他介词 without 意为“没有”,常用搭配有:without one’s help、without doubt等 The boy often goes to school without breakfast. 这个男孩经常不吃早饭去上学。
like 意为“像……;比如” She looks like her mother.
她看起来像她的妈妈。
including 意为“包含,包括” There are many things on the desk, including yours. 桌子上有很多东西,包括你的。
续表
考点考法强化
1. (2022·石家庄二十八中二模) Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics came ____　an end on February 20th successfully.
A. to　　　B. at　　　C. for　　　D. in
2. (2022·唐山路北区二模) The government provides homeless people ____　　nice houses.
A. with　 B. for　C. to　D. of
A
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介词短语及固定搭配
考点 四
3. (2022·天水麦积区模拟) Thanks a lot 　　 helping me with my English, Bob.
A. to　 B. with　 C. for　 D. by
4. (2022·苏州姑苏区二模) 　　 our great joy, all the nucleic acid tests(核酸检测) have been completed with the help of the community volunteers.
A. In　 B. To　 C. At　 D. For
C
C
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5. (2022·南京溧水区模拟) 　　 the help of the computer, information can reach every corner of the world.
A. To　 B. Under　 C. In　 D. With
6. (2022·丹阳市二模) Some teachers have to give lessons 　　 the Internet because of COVID-19.
A. at　 B. on　 C. in　 D. for
D
B
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7. (2022·重庆模拟) The red skirt that my mother bought for me is made　　　　____ cotton.
A. from　 B. in　 C. by　 D. of
8. (2022·上海浦东新区二模) 　　 my opinion, the story is a tale about strength, heroes and war.
A. To　 B. In　 C. For　 D. With
9. (2022·徐州二模) Since you are 　　 danger, why not ask for help
A. on　B. in　C. out　 D. with
D
B
B
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10. (2022·梧州模拟) — What are your neighbors like
— They are kind and friendly 　　 us.
A.for　 B.to　 C.with　 D.of
11. (2022·上海嘉定区三模) All the teachers love their students while they are strict 　　 them as well.
A. in　 B. at　 C. with　 D. for
B
C
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12. (原创) Xinjiang cotton is praised 　　 the best cotton in the country 　　　　its high quality.
A. for; as B. for; by C. as; for D. by; for
13. (原创) When I am at school, my English teacher is very strict 　　 me 　　　　my homework.
A. of; in B. with; to C. of; to D. with; in
C
D
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14. (原创) My parents provide me 　　 3,000 yuan 　　 my study every year.
A. with; with B. with; for C. for; with D. with; in
15. (原创) Every student is supposed to arrive 　　 school 　　 time.
A. in; in B. at; in C. in; on　 D. at; on
16. (原创)　　 my way 　　 home, I saw many people doing sports in the park. A. On; to B. On; / C. In; to D. In; /
B
D
B
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17. (原创) We have grown up, so we shouldn’t always 　　 our parents.
A. put on B. go on C. hold on D. depend on
18. (原创) Finally, the father came up 　　 a good idea to solve the problem.
A. in　 B. for C. with D. at
19. (原创) — Is the wine made 　　 grapes
— Yes, it’s made 　　 France. France is famous 　　 its wine.
A. of; in; as B. from; in; for C. from; by; as D. of; in; for
D
C
B
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20. (原创) Dunhuang is 　　 the City of Sand.
A. known as　 B. proud of C. famous for　 D. well-known to
21. (原创) 　　 the end of the movie, the prince lived happily with the princess.
A. In　　 B. By　　 C. At　　 D. To
A
C
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22. (原创) The 119 passengers are 　　 the driver. Without him, they would probably have lost their lives.
A. hard on　 B. thankful to
C. friendly to　 D. responsible for
23. (原创)There is a big sale in the clothes store. They sell all the clothes 　　　　____ very good prices.
A. at　 B. with C. for　 D. in
B
A
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24. (原创) I got up late this morning. 　　, I missed the first class.
A. As a result B. At first
C. In the end D. As a matter of fact
25. (原创) Children should be 　　 strangers so that they won’t get kidnapped.
A. kind to　 B. strict with
C. careful with　 D. polite to
A
C
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学法方法点拨
1. 常用介词短语
at once立刻;at first首先;at last最后;at the age of在……岁时; at the end of … 在……末;at the beginning of在……之初;at the foot of在……脚下;at the same time同时;after a while过了一会儿;by the way顺便说/问; because of因为;for example例如;from now on从今往后;from then on自那时起;in all总共;in fact 事实上; in a hurry匆忙地;in time及时;in public当众,公开地;in the sun在阳光下; instead of代替;on the/one’s way to在……路上;on the left/right在左/右;on the other hand另一方面;on the weekend在周末;on foot步行; thanks to幸亏;to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是
2. 介词与其他词搭配构成的短语
(1)动词与介词搭配
arrive in/at到达; ask for要,请求; give in投降;go on继续; hear from收到……来信; hear of听说; help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事;learn from 向……学习; leave for离开某地去另一地点; send for派人去请; shout at对……大声叫; think of考虑,关心; wait for等候,等待; listen to听; look like看起来像; point to指 向(远);begin with以……开始; pass on传递; die of/from死于; depend on依靠,依赖; smile at向……微笑;believe in信任; laugh at嘲笑; look after照顾,照看; look for 寻找; belong to属于
(2)介词与名词搭配
in bed 卧床; in life 一生中; by bus 乘公共汽车; in English 用英语; at night 在晚上; at the meeting 在会上; in the tree 在树上; in surprise 惊奇地; at the table 在桌子旁; at work 在工作; at school 在校上学; by hand 手工,亲手交付; by train 乘火车; by spaceship 乘坐宇宙飞船; in a low voice 低声地; in a word 总而言之,一句话; in trouble 处于困境中; in fact 事实上; in the street 在街上; in space 在太空; in order 按顺序,整齐,正常; in the day 在白天; in line 成一直线; in town 在镇里; in silence 不作声; out of breath 上气不接下气; out of sight 消失,看不见; on duty 值日; in the distance 在远处; out of work 失业
(3)介词与副词搭配
at first 首先　at last 最后　at least 至少 at most 最多　at once 立刻;马上
(4)形容词与介词搭配
① be +adj. +from
be different from与……不同 be absent from缺席
② be +adj. +about
be anxious about 对……感到焦虑 be careful about 对……小心
be crazy about 对……热衷 be curious about 对……好奇
be sure about 对……有把握 be worried about 对……担忧
③be +adj. +at
be amazed at 以……为乐 be angry at 对……生气
be annoyed at 对……恼怒 be good at 在……方面擅长　
be mad at 对……愤怒 be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
④be +adj. +for
be famous/known/well-known for 因……而著名
be/get ready for 为……做好准备 be good for 对……有好处
be late for 迟到 be sorry for 为……感到遗憾 be suitable for 适合……
be thankful for 对……心存感激 be thirsty for 渴望
⑤be +adj. +in
be interested in 对……感兴趣 be poor in 缺乏,贫乏
be successful in 在……方面成功 be weak in 在……方面薄弱
⑥be +adj. +of
be afraid of 害怕…… be fond of 喜欢　be full of 充满
be proud of 对……感到自豪 be short of 短缺
be tired of 对……感到厌倦
⑦be +adj. +to
be close to 接近,靠近
be friendly to 对……友好
be good to 对……好
be kind to 对……和蔼
be nice to 对……友好
be polite to 对……有礼貌