北师大版（2019）必修第二册Unit 4 Information technology Lesson 3 Internet and friendships 同步课时作业（含答案）

Unit 4 Lesson 3 Internet and friendships
一、
1.Air pollution is getting worse and this will be _____ (harm) to people.
2.Lack of cash is a _________(limit) factor.
3._____(travel) along the Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
4._________(popular) is a well-explored subject in social psychology.
5.Salvador called his boss, but there was no _________(respond).
二、
6.Questions about subject _______(内容) are generally welcomed.
7.There are plenty of opportunities for the _______(有创造力的) person to become involved, including workshops and events.
8.Even though adults have _______(权威), they still often feel afraid and powerless just like children.
9.He's on a first-name _____(基础) if he wants to have a little interaction.
10.The medicine always made him feel dopey(昏昏欲睡的) and unable to _______(专注).
三、
If you're concerned about climate change, should you feel guilty about hanging out online Maybe not.
Data, or information, is often processed and stored on a computer. A computer that provides data to other computers is called a server. Servers also store data such as videos, pictures and emails. A building that holds many servers is known as a data center. Without data centers and servers, we could not access websites on our own computers and phones every day.
Some people worry that data centers use a lot of energy, which could be bad for the environment. But recent studies found that data centers do not use as much energy as they thought.
Eric Masanet, a professor at Northwestern University, is the study's main author. Masanet and his team looked at the energy used by data centers around the world, and found that data centers have improved. They saw a 20 percent energy improvement each year.
These improvements are due to better servers. They use less energy than servers once did. Other technologies have also improved.
Masanet said, "To make sure computers use energy effectively, some things need to happen. Businesses and governments should get involved. Countries need to be open about how much electricity their data centers use. Large data companies also need to source their electricity from renewable energy, such as sunlight and wind. For example, Google and Apple both purchased or generated enough renewable electricity to match 100 percent of their data centers’ energy use in 2018."
"People should care about the energy data centers need," said Masanet. "But we don't have to feel bad about staying connected."
1.Why do people need data centers
A.To help people reduce time on computers.
B.To store information and let people use websites.
C.To provide energy needed to run people's phones.
D.To save data on the Internet instead of on servers.
2.What caused data centers to have a 20 percent improvement in energy use
A.Less fuel is being burned in the atmosphere.
B.Fewer people are online at the same time.
C.Servers and technologies have improved.
D.More information is stored in phones.
3.What does the underlined word "source" in Paragraph 6 mean
A.Measure.
B.Store.
C.Choose.
D.Obtain.
四、
In our fast world of phones, fax machines and computers, the old-fashioned art of letter writing is at risk of disappearing altogether. ①_____ There is the excitement of its arrival, the pleasure of seeing who it is from and, finally, the enjoyment of the contents.
Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember. It probably began with the little notes I would write to my mother. My mother, also, always insisted I write my own thank-you letters for Christmas and birthday presents. ②_____
When I left home at 18 to train as a doctor in London, I would write once a week, and so would my mother. Occasionally my father would write and it was always a joy to receive his long, amusing letters. ③_____ Of course, we also made phone calls but it is the letters I remember most.
There were also letters from my friends. In our youth he had to work or study away at some time and I was only able to stay in touch with them by letter. ④_____ I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking. I love the letters that come with birthday or Christmas cards. Notes are appreciated, but how much better to have a year's supply of news! And it's better still when it's an airmail envelope with beautiful stamps.
⑤_____ Like my mother before me, I insist they write their own thank-you letters. My daughter writes to me little letters, just as I did to my mother. I strongly urge readers not to allow letter writing to become another "lost art".
A. Poor handwriting can spoil (破坏) your enjoyment of a letter.
B. I am pleased that my children are carrying on the tradition.
C. We had been writing to each other for a long time but never met.
D. It didn't matter how short or untidy they were as long as they were letters.
E. But instead of harming the relationship, letter writing seemed to improve them.
F. Yet, to me, receiving a letter cannot be matched by any form of communication.
G. The letters from him contained just everyday events concerning my parents and their friends.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：harmful
解析：句意为：空气污染越来越严重，这对人们的健康有害。be harmful to表示"对……有害"。
2.答案：limiting
解析： 句意：现金短缺是一个制约因素。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词，故填limiting。
3.答案：Travelling
解析：句意为: 沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有意义的经历。本句为主系表结构, 设空处为句子的主语, 应填v.-ing(动名词)形式, 故填Travelling。
4.答案：Popularity
解析： 句意：流行是社会心理学中一个探索性很强的话题。分析句子可知设空处作主语，所以此处应填名词，故填Popularity。
5.答案：response
解析： 句意：萨尔瓦多给他的老板打电话，但没有回应。由空前的was和no可知，此空应用名词，根据句意可知，此处应填response。
二、
6.答案：contents
7.答案：creative
8.答案：authority
9.答案：basis
10.答案：concentrate
三、
答案：1-3.BCD
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们需要数据中心来储存信息,让人们能使用网站。但有些人担心数据中心消耗大量能源,这可能对环境有害。但最近的研究发现,数据中心消耗的能源并不像他们想的那样多。文章还介绍了为确保电脑有效使用能源,企业、政府、国家和大型数据公司应采取的措施。
1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Servers also store data such as videos, pictures and emails.和Without data centers and servers, we could not access websites on our own computers and phones every day.可知,服务器还存储视频、图片和电子邮件等数据。没有数据中心和服务器,我们无法每天在自己的电脑和手机上访问网站。由此可知,人们需要数据中心米储存信息,以及让人们使用网站。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段可知,这些改善归功于更好的服务器。它们比以前的服务器使用更少的能源。其他技术也得到了改进。由此可知,是服务器和技术的改进使数据中心的能源使用有了20%的改善。故选C。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词后的their electricity from renewable energy, such as sunlight and wind可知,此处指从太阳能和风能等可再生能源中获得电力。由此可知,画线单词意为“获得”。measure测量;store储存;choose选择;obtain获得。故选D。
四、
答案：①-⑤ FDGEB
解析：①第一段第一句提到"In our fast world of phones, fax machines and computers", 电话、传真机和电脑都是人与人沟通的方式,且该段最后一句提到作者很享受收到信、看到收信人并且享受信的内容,结合前后文的内容,作者偏爱写信这一与其他沟通方式不同的传统艺术。F项"Yet, to me, receiving a letter cannot be matched by any form of communication"(然而,对我来说,任何形式的沟通方式也不能与收到一封信的感觉相匹配)中提到的"any form of communication"即指代第一句中出现的电话、传真、电脑等交流方式。F项起承上启下的作用,故选F。
②第二段第一、二句提到从开始记事起写信就是作者生活中的一部分了,而且作者的妈妈也会在圣诞节和生日的时候给作者写信。D项提到"It didn't matter how short or untidy they were as long as they were letters"(只要是字母,无论长短或是凌乱都不重要),根据前文可知,作者从很小可能都不会写字的时候就开始写信,有可能字迹非常潦草,但真正重要的是作者家中写作这一传统。D项起总结上文的作用,故选D。
③第三段第二句提到"Occasionally my father would write and it was always a joy to receive his long, amusing letters",作者有时候也会收到父亲写的长长的、有趣的信。G项"The letters from him contained just everyday events concerning my parents and their friends"(他的信件只包含有关父母和他们朋友之间的日常)中提到的him指代的是前文中"my father"。G项起承上启下的作用, 故选G。
④第四段最后一句提到"I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking", 作者认为写信比说话更容易表达自己。第四段开头提到作者和男朋友年轻的时候分开工作或学习,只能通过信件联系,且该段最后提到作者觉得通过书信的形式更容易表达自己。由此说明作者通过书信的方式改善了和男朋友之间的关系。E项"But instead of harming the relationship, letter writing seemed to improve them"(但是,写信并没有损害这种关系,反而改善了这种关系)起承上启下的作用。故选E。
⑤最后一段第二、三句提到"Like my mother before me, I insist they write their own thank-you letters. My daughter writes to me little letters, just as I did to my mother", 作者也会像她妈妈一样要求自己的孩子写感谢信,就像作者小时候与她妈妈做的那样。由此可知,作者在拥有了自己的孩子后仍然保持着这个传统。B项"I am pleased that my children are carrying on the tradition"(我很高兴我的孩子也继承发扬着这个传统)为此段的中心句。故选B。
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