Unit 8 Natural disasters教案
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| 名称 | Unit 8 Natural disasters教案 |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 27.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2014-08-01 08:32:32 | ||
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文档简介
课题序号 Unit 8 授课班级
授课课时 7、8课时 授课形式
授课章节名 称 Section Two in Unit 8.
使用教具 A tape recorder
教学目的 Learn something about the hurricane..Train and develop students’ reading ability and skills.
教学重点 Know the main idea o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the passage、the usage of some phrases and can do Tasks correctly.
教学难点 The hurricane destroy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed homes, leaving lots of people without electricity.Hurricanes form in tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )opical regions where there is warm water, moist air and converging equatorial winds.Most Atlantic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hurricanes begin off the west coast of Africa, starting as thunderstorms that move out over the warm, tropical ocean waters toward North America.In the year of 2005 there were 28 named tropical storms and…It seems that the Atlantic Hurricane Season starts earlier and gets busier than ever before.
更新、补充删节内容
课外作业
教学后记
Step 1. Greetings.
Step 2. Revision.
Ⅰ. Read Section One.
Ⅱ. Review some points in Section One.
Ⅲ. Dictate some new words.
Step 3. Read Section Two and do Task 2.
Step 4. New words and expressions.
* Dennis n.
* destroy vt. 破坏；摧毁
* Florida n.
* Alabama n.
* storm . 风暴；暴（风）雨
* tropical adj. 热带的
* moist adj. 潮湿的；湿润的
* converge vi. （向一点）趋于汇合
* equatorial adj. 赤道附近的；（在）赤道的
* Atlantic adj. 大西洋的；在大西洋里的
* coast n. 海岸；沿海地区
* thunderstorm n. 雷暴
* destructive adj. 破坏（性）的；毁灭（性）的
* Arlene n.
* Brett n.
* Cindy n.
* Katrina n.
Step 5. Some points.
1. The hurricane ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )destroyed homes, leaving lots of people without electricity. 飓风摧毁了家园，（造成断电）是很多人无电可用。
* leaving lots of people without electricity 是分词短语作状语。
His father died ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) young, leaving him nothing valuable. 他父亲英年早逝，没给他留下什么值钱的东西。
The most destructive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )typhoon on record has just passed our province, destroying countless houses. 有史以来最具破坏力的台风刚刚路过我省，摧毁了无数房屋。
2. Hurricanes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) form in tropical regions where there is warm water(at least 27℃), moist air and converging equatorial winds. 飓风形成于具备三个条件的热带区域：热水（水温至少达到27摄氏度）、暖湿气流和赤道附近向同一方向汇合的风。
* 此处where引导的是定语从句。
Have you been to thee place where your mother works
It was the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) house where Chairman Mao used to live that we visited last month.
where 可引导状语从句.
You may sit where you like.
where引导名词性从句：
主语从句: Where we’ll meet hasn’t been decided.
宾语从句: Do you know where he lives
表语从句: The question is where we can buy this book.
同位语从句: Nobody can a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nswer the question where the naughty boy has gone.
Most Atlantic hurri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )canes begin off the west coast of Africa, starting as thunderstorms that move out over the warm, tropical ocean waters toward North America. 大多数大西洋飓风从非洲西海岸出发，以雷暴雨的形式从温暖的热带海域上空向北美方向移动。
* starting 是现在分词，作状语，表伴随状态。
The students a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re walking toward their classroom, talking and laughing. 学生们有说有笑地朝教室走去。
Following his mot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her steadily, the little girl entered the dark cinema. 小女孩紧跟着妈妈走进了黑漆漆的电影院。
* water: a) n. 水；［常作waters］水域；领海；水体（指海、河、湖、池、港湾等）
Fresh wat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er is very limited although 70% of the earth is covered with water.
the upper waters of Thames 泰晤士河上游
international waters 国际海域
b) v. 给…浇水；把….弄湿；给….喂水
Water your garden in the early morning.
Water your livestock when you feed them. 喂家畜时要给它们饮水。
4. In 2005, the thr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ee storms that came before Dennis were named Arlene, Brett and Cindy, but none of them had fast enough winds to become hurricanes. 2005年，丹尼斯之前的三次风暴分别是阿琳、布雷特和辛迪，但是因风速还不够快，都没有发展成为飓风。
* enough
There is enough food (或food enough) for everybody.
He has enough money( money enough) to buy a car.
Are there enough seats for all
I was fool enough to believe him.
Have you played enough
Are these shoes large enough for you
He was old enough to be her father.
He was not an important enough person.
5. In the year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of 2005 there were 28 named tropical storms and 13 hurricanes, among which Hurricane Katrina was the most destructive on record. 2005年总共产生了28次被命名的热带风暴和15次飓风，其中特里娜是有史以来破坏力最强的一次飓风。
* among which Hurr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icane Katrina was the most destructive on record是非限制性定语从句。关于非限制性定语从句，以下几点值得注意：
1) that不能引导非限制性定语从句；
2) which, whom 在非限制性定语从句中充当宾语时不能省略；
3) which 在非限制性定语从句中有时指代的是主句中的某个先行词；有时指代的是整个主句，放在主句之后，可译为“这”、“那”；
He will not take p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )art in the important exam, which will be held tomorrow.
他将不参加这次重要的考试，考试明天就举行。 （which指代的是exam）
He failed in the exam, which made him very sad.
他没能通过这次考试，这使他非常沮丧。（which指代的是整个句子）
4) 若从句中有插入语I/you/they…think/thought, 则可把插入语去掉再来判断关系词的选择。
The man, wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o I think is Tom’s father, is talking to the headmaster.
那个男人正在与校长交谈，我想他就是汤姆的爸爸。
The man, whom I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )think you’ve ever met, is talking to the headmaster.
那个男人正在与校长交谈，我想我见过他。
* on record 记录在案；在历史记录中
The judge’s opinion is on record. 法官的意见是记录在案的。
The police had kept his name on record. 警方已把他的名字记录在案。
This is the coolest summer on record. 这是有史以来最凉爽的夏天
6. It seems that th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e Atlantic Hurricane Season starts earlier and gets busier than ever before. 看来这次大西洋的飓风季节好象比往年来得更早、更频繁。
* seem 看来好象；似乎。后面可接形容词、名词、不定式或从句等。
Even small problems seem important.
He seemed to be a happy man.
You seem to be very interested.
It seems that you know nothing about it.
I seem to hear someone calling.
You seem to have caught a cold.
Step 6. Read the whole passage.
Step 7. Do Task 3.
Step 8. Homework.
Ⅰ. Review the passages.
Ⅱ. Preview Grammar.
Ⅲ. Translation.
1. get lost 2. 20 degrees below zero
3. from time to time 4. work on
5. go to the movies 6. attend to
7. help sb. with sth. 8. give sb. a lift
9. have an appointment 10.be willing to do
11.watch out 12.tips on..
13.die of/ from 14.stay away from
15.duck into 16.look up
17.none of 18.stay active
19.because of 20.stop..from doing
21. be careful with 22.out of children’s reach
23.hold onto 24. protect yourself from sth.
25. on record
Blackboard Design
* Dennis n. * destroy vt. 破坏；摧毁* Florida n. * Alabama n.* storm . 风暴；暴（风）雨* tropical adj. 热带的* moist adj. 潮湿的；湿润的* converge vi. （向一点）趋于汇合* equatorial adj. 赤道附近的；（在）赤道的* Atlantic adj. 大西洋的；在大西洋里的* coast n. 海岸；沿海地区* thunderstorm n. 雷暴* destructive adj. 破坏（性）的；毁灭（性）的* Arlene n.* Brett n.* Cindy n. * Katrina n.
课题序号 Unit 8 授课班级
授课课时 9、10课时 授课形式
授课章节名 称 Grammar in Unit 8.
使用教具 A tape recorder
教学目的 The Infinitive
教学重点 The Infinitive
教学难点 The Infinitive
更新、补充删节内容
课外作业
教学后记
Step 1. Greetings.
Step 2. Revision.
Ⅰ. Read the passages.
Ⅱ. Review the points.
Ⅲ. Dictate some phrases.
Step 3. Grammar.
不定式作补语：
①不定式可以和名词或代词一起构成复合结构作动词的宾语，这时不定式被称为宾语补足语。如：
I would like you to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )help me with my English exercises. 我想请你帮我做英语练习。
I never expected the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hoes to be worn out so soon. 我从来没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。
注意：动词help后面接不定式作宾语或宾语补足语可以带to也可以不带to。如：
Who can help me (to) carry this heavy box 谁能帮我拎这个重箱子？
②在make, let, have等 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。
I often hear her sing in the next room. 我经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。
They make the baby go to bed at 7:00 p.m. every day.
他们每天让孩子晚上7：00上床睡觉。
注意：get, leave等词也有“让”“叫”的意思，和使役动词意思相近，但它们后面的不定式作宾语补足语必须要有to。如：
I’ll get him to try it again. 我将让他再试一次。
How could you leave him to have supper with a stranger
你怎么让他跟一个陌生人一起吃晚饭？
注意：当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时，不定式就成了主语补语，作主语补语的不定式必须加to。如：
Though he had often ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.
尽管他经常弄哭他的小妹妹，但今天他却被他的小妹妹弄哭了。
He is often heard to sing the song. 经常有人听到他唱这首歌。
③think, consider, be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lieve, declare, suppose, find, imagine, know, understand, take, prove, feel等动词后面接的不定式短语作补语多由to be+形容词或名词构成，think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。如：
When he woke up, she found herself (to be ) badly injured.
她醒来的时候，发现自己受了重伤。
I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.
我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。
含有此类复合宾语的句子变成被动语态时，不定式同样被称之为主语补足语。如：
The young man was considered to have great promise. 这个年轻人被认为大有前途。
The situation was found to be quite encouraging. 形势看来很使人鼓舞。
④以be said, be rep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orted, be known, seem, happen, prove, appear等构成谓语的句子中，动词不定式通常也可看作主语补语。如：
More than 20 peopl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e were reported to have been killed in the accident.
据报道，有20多个人死于事故。
I happened to be talking with him when he was hit by a car.
他被汽车撞的时候，我碰巧在和他谈话。
不定式作定语：
不定式在句中作定语通常放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后，以下几种情况常用不定式作定语：
①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以带不定式作定语，常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan, intention, failure, wish, determination等。如：
He hasn’t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.
他没有遵守诺言定期给他父母亲写信。
My wish to be a teacher is quite understandable.
我想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解的。
②常与不定式搭配的形容词，其 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )同源名词一般可以带不定式作定语，常见的有ability, anxiety, eagerness, ambition等。如：
His eagerness to finish his work in time was quite obvious.
他急切地想准时完成工作是很明显的。
We admire his ability to speak a foreign language so well.
我们欣赏他能把一门外语说得这么好。
③序数词、形容词最高级或被only, last, next等词修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。如：
He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.
他总是第一个来最后一个离开。
The next person to attend the meeting is Dr. Baker.
下一个出席会议的人是贝克先生。
④还有一些名词经常带不定式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作定语。如：person, man, thing, something, anything, nothing, time, way, reason, chance, courage, opportunity等。如：
We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.
我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。
He had no reason to leave his friends and live alone on the island.
他没有理由离开他的朋友独自住到岛上去。
⑤如果不定式和所修饰的名词是动宾关系的话，不定式动词是不及 物动词，则须加适当的介词。如：
I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔。
There are enoug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h chairs for the guests to sit on. 有足够的椅子给客人坐。
They have a large house to live in. 他们住在一座大房子里。
I want to buy a pen to write with. 我想买一支笔写字用。
Please give me a knife to cat with. 请给我一把切东西的刀。
There is nothing for you to worry about. 没有什么可让你担心的。
There are many interes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ting books to choose from, but I don’t know which to borrow. 有很多有趣的书可以挑选，但我不知道该借哪一本。
不定式作状语：
不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。
① 不定式作目的状语，有时也可以用in order (not) to, so as (not) to结构。如：
In order to protect th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e young plants from the sun, Mother put them in the shade.
为了保护幼苗不被太阳晒坏，妈妈把它们放到了阴凉处。
He got up very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) early this morning so as not to be late for school again.
今天早上他起身很早以免上学再迟到。
注意：so as (not) to do不可以置于句首。
②不定式作结果状语，常见的结构有too…to, enough…to, so…as to, such…as to, only to…等。如：
The question is too difficult for me to answer. 对我来说，这个问题很难回答。
He said he was clever enough to deal with it by himself.
他说他足够聪明可以独自应付这件事。
Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio 请你帮我把收音机调低一点好吗？
He woke up only to find himself in hospital. 他醒来发现自己在医院里。
注意：too…to通常表示太……而不……，但在下列句子中没有否定的意思。
She is only too glad to stay at home. 她太想留在家里了。
He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。
③不定式作原因状语，通常用来修饰 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示情感、心理状态、性格等的形容词。常见的形容词有：happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever, frightened, shocked, sorry, eager, proud, disappointed, foolish, impatient, unwise, naughty等。如：
They are surprised to learn of his death. 得知他死亡的消息，他们很惊讶。
We are proud to be young people of new China. 成为新中国的青年，我们感到很骄傲。
另外，hard, difficult, e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asy, fit，comfortable等词也可以接动词不定式。这时候，作句子主语的除了是表示人的词外，还可以是表示物的词。如：
The water is not fit to drink. 这水不适合饮用。
The room is very comfortable to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒服。
注意：后两句中的不定式与句子的主语或宾语之间是动宾关系，此时如果不定式动词是不及物动词，则需要带上适当的介词。
Step 4. Do the exercises in the book.
Step 5. Finish the workbook.
Step 6. Homework.
Go over the whole unit and prepare for a test.
授课课时 7、8课时 授课形式
授课章节名 称 Section Two in Unit 8.
使用教具 A tape recorder
教学目的 Learn something about the hurricane..Train and develop students’ reading ability and skills.
教学重点 Know the main idea o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the passage、the usage of some phrases and can do Tasks correctly.
教学难点 The hurricane destroy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed homes, leaving lots of people without electricity.Hurricanes form in tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )opical regions where there is warm water, moist air and converging equatorial winds.Most Atlantic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hurricanes begin off the west coast of Africa, starting as thunderstorms that move out over the warm, tropical ocean waters toward North America.In the year of 2005 there were 28 named tropical storms and…It seems that the Atlantic Hurricane Season starts earlier and gets busier than ever before.
更新、补充删节内容
课外作业
教学后记
Step 1. Greetings.
Step 2. Revision.
Ⅰ. Read Section One.
Ⅱ. Review some points in Section One.
Ⅲ. Dictate some new words.
Step 3. Read Section Two and do Task 2.
Step 4. New words and expressions.
* Dennis n.
* destroy vt. 破坏；摧毁
* Florida n.
* Alabama n.
* storm . 风暴；暴（风）雨
* tropical adj. 热带的
* moist adj. 潮湿的；湿润的
* converge vi. （向一点）趋于汇合
* equatorial adj. 赤道附近的；（在）赤道的
* Atlantic adj. 大西洋的；在大西洋里的
* coast n. 海岸；沿海地区
* thunderstorm n. 雷暴
* destructive adj. 破坏（性）的；毁灭（性）的
* Arlene n.
* Brett n.
* Cindy n.
* Katrina n.
Step 5. Some points.
1. The hurricane ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )destroyed homes, leaving lots of people without electricity. 飓风摧毁了家园，（造成断电）是很多人无电可用。
* leaving lots of people without electricity 是分词短语作状语。
His father died ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) young, leaving him nothing valuable. 他父亲英年早逝，没给他留下什么值钱的东西。
The most destructive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )typhoon on record has just passed our province, destroying countless houses. 有史以来最具破坏力的台风刚刚路过我省，摧毁了无数房屋。
2. Hurricanes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) form in tropical regions where there is warm water(at least 27℃), moist air and converging equatorial winds. 飓风形成于具备三个条件的热带区域：热水（水温至少达到27摄氏度）、暖湿气流和赤道附近向同一方向汇合的风。
* 此处where引导的是定语从句。
Have you been to thee place where your mother works
It was the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) house where Chairman Mao used to live that we visited last month.
where 可引导状语从句.
You may sit where you like.
where引导名词性从句：
主语从句: Where we’ll meet hasn’t been decided.
宾语从句: Do you know where he lives
表语从句: The question is where we can buy this book.
同位语从句: Nobody can a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nswer the question where the naughty boy has gone.
Most Atlantic hurri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )canes begin off the west coast of Africa, starting as thunderstorms that move out over the warm, tropical ocean waters toward North America. 大多数大西洋飓风从非洲西海岸出发，以雷暴雨的形式从温暖的热带海域上空向北美方向移动。
* starting 是现在分词，作状语，表伴随状态。
The students a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re walking toward their classroom, talking and laughing. 学生们有说有笑地朝教室走去。
Following his mot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her steadily, the little girl entered the dark cinema. 小女孩紧跟着妈妈走进了黑漆漆的电影院。
* water: a) n. 水；［常作waters］水域；领海；水体（指海、河、湖、池、港湾等）
Fresh wat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er is very limited although 70% of the earth is covered with water.
the upper waters of Thames 泰晤士河上游
international waters 国际海域
b) v. 给…浇水；把….弄湿；给….喂水
Water your garden in the early morning.
Water your livestock when you feed them. 喂家畜时要给它们饮水。
4. In 2005, the thr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ee storms that came before Dennis were named Arlene, Brett and Cindy, but none of them had fast enough winds to become hurricanes. 2005年，丹尼斯之前的三次风暴分别是阿琳、布雷特和辛迪，但是因风速还不够快，都没有发展成为飓风。
* enough
There is enough food (或food enough) for everybody.
He has enough money( money enough) to buy a car.
Are there enough seats for all
I was fool enough to believe him.
Have you played enough
Are these shoes large enough for you
He was old enough to be her father.
He was not an important enough person.
5. In the year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of 2005 there were 28 named tropical storms and 13 hurricanes, among which Hurricane Katrina was the most destructive on record. 2005年总共产生了28次被命名的热带风暴和15次飓风，其中特里娜是有史以来破坏力最强的一次飓风。
* among which Hurr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icane Katrina was the most destructive on record是非限制性定语从句。关于非限制性定语从句，以下几点值得注意：
1) that不能引导非限制性定语从句；
2) which, whom 在非限制性定语从句中充当宾语时不能省略；
3) which 在非限制性定语从句中有时指代的是主句中的某个先行词；有时指代的是整个主句，放在主句之后，可译为“这”、“那”；
He will not take p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )art in the important exam, which will be held tomorrow.
他将不参加这次重要的考试，考试明天就举行。 （which指代的是exam）
He failed in the exam, which made him very sad.
他没能通过这次考试，这使他非常沮丧。（which指代的是整个句子）
4) 若从句中有插入语I/you/they…think/thought, 则可把插入语去掉再来判断关系词的选择。
The man, wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o I think is Tom’s father, is talking to the headmaster.
那个男人正在与校长交谈，我想他就是汤姆的爸爸。
The man, whom I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )think you’ve ever met, is talking to the headmaster.
那个男人正在与校长交谈，我想我见过他。
* on record 记录在案；在历史记录中
The judge’s opinion is on record. 法官的意见是记录在案的。
The police had kept his name on record. 警方已把他的名字记录在案。
This is the coolest summer on record. 这是有史以来最凉爽的夏天
6. It seems that th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e Atlantic Hurricane Season starts earlier and gets busier than ever before. 看来这次大西洋的飓风季节好象比往年来得更早、更频繁。
* seem 看来好象；似乎。后面可接形容词、名词、不定式或从句等。
Even small problems seem important.
He seemed to be a happy man.
You seem to be very interested.
It seems that you know nothing about it.
I seem to hear someone calling.
You seem to have caught a cold.
Step 6. Read the whole passage.
Step 7. Do Task 3.
Step 8. Homework.
Ⅰ. Review the passages.
Ⅱ. Preview Grammar.
Ⅲ. Translation.
1. get lost 2. 20 degrees below zero
3. from time to time 4. work on
5. go to the movies 6. attend to
7. help sb. with sth. 8. give sb. a lift
9. have an appointment 10.be willing to do
11.watch out 12.tips on..
13.die of/ from 14.stay away from
15.duck into 16.look up
17.none of 18.stay active
19.because of 20.stop..from doing
21. be careful with 22.out of children’s reach
23.hold onto 24. protect yourself from sth.
25. on record
Blackboard Design
* Dennis n. * destroy vt. 破坏；摧毁* Florida n. * Alabama n.* storm . 风暴；暴（风）雨* tropical adj. 热带的* moist adj. 潮湿的；湿润的* converge vi. （向一点）趋于汇合* equatorial adj. 赤道附近的；（在）赤道的* Atlantic adj. 大西洋的；在大西洋里的* coast n. 海岸；沿海地区* thunderstorm n. 雷暴* destructive adj. 破坏（性）的；毁灭（性）的* Arlene n.* Brett n.* Cindy n. * Katrina n.
课题序号 Unit 8 授课班级
授课课时 9、10课时 授课形式
授课章节名 称 Grammar in Unit 8.
使用教具 A tape recorder
教学目的 The Infinitive
教学重点 The Infinitive
教学难点 The Infinitive
更新、补充删节内容
课外作业
教学后记
Step 1. Greetings.
Step 2. Revision.
Ⅰ. Read the passages.
Ⅱ. Review the points.
Ⅲ. Dictate some phrases.
Step 3. Grammar.
不定式作补语：
①不定式可以和名词或代词一起构成复合结构作动词的宾语，这时不定式被称为宾语补足语。如：
I would like you to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )help me with my English exercises. 我想请你帮我做英语练习。
I never expected the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hoes to be worn out so soon. 我从来没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。
注意：动词help后面接不定式作宾语或宾语补足语可以带to也可以不带to。如：
Who can help me (to) carry this heavy box 谁能帮我拎这个重箱子？
②在make, let, have等 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。
I often hear her sing in the next room. 我经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。
They make the baby go to bed at 7:00 p.m. every day.
他们每天让孩子晚上7：00上床睡觉。
注意：get, leave等词也有“让”“叫”的意思，和使役动词意思相近，但它们后面的不定式作宾语补足语必须要有to。如：
I’ll get him to try it again. 我将让他再试一次。
How could you leave him to have supper with a stranger
你怎么让他跟一个陌生人一起吃晚饭？
注意：当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时，不定式就成了主语补语，作主语补语的不定式必须加to。如：
Though he had often ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.
尽管他经常弄哭他的小妹妹，但今天他却被他的小妹妹弄哭了。
He is often heard to sing the song. 经常有人听到他唱这首歌。
③think, consider, be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lieve, declare, suppose, find, imagine, know, understand, take, prove, feel等动词后面接的不定式短语作补语多由to be+形容词或名词构成，think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。如：
When he woke up, she found herself (to be ) badly injured.
她醒来的时候，发现自己受了重伤。
I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.
我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。
含有此类复合宾语的句子变成被动语态时，不定式同样被称之为主语补足语。如：
The young man was considered to have great promise. 这个年轻人被认为大有前途。
The situation was found to be quite encouraging. 形势看来很使人鼓舞。
④以be said, be rep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orted, be known, seem, happen, prove, appear等构成谓语的句子中，动词不定式通常也可看作主语补语。如：
More than 20 peopl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e were reported to have been killed in the accident.
据报道，有20多个人死于事故。
I happened to be talking with him when he was hit by a car.
他被汽车撞的时候，我碰巧在和他谈话。
不定式作定语：
不定式在句中作定语通常放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后，以下几种情况常用不定式作定语：
①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以带不定式作定语，常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan, intention, failure, wish, determination等。如：
He hasn’t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.
他没有遵守诺言定期给他父母亲写信。
My wish to be a teacher is quite understandable.
我想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解的。
②常与不定式搭配的形容词，其 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )同源名词一般可以带不定式作定语，常见的有ability, anxiety, eagerness, ambition等。如：
His eagerness to finish his work in time was quite obvious.
他急切地想准时完成工作是很明显的。
We admire his ability to speak a foreign language so well.
我们欣赏他能把一门外语说得这么好。
③序数词、形容词最高级或被only, last, next等词修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。如：
He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.
他总是第一个来最后一个离开。
The next person to attend the meeting is Dr. Baker.
下一个出席会议的人是贝克先生。
④还有一些名词经常带不定式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作定语。如：person, man, thing, something, anything, nothing, time, way, reason, chance, courage, opportunity等。如：
We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.
我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。
He had no reason to leave his friends and live alone on the island.
他没有理由离开他的朋友独自住到岛上去。
⑤如果不定式和所修饰的名词是动宾关系的话，不定式动词是不及 物动词，则须加适当的介词。如：
I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔。
There are enoug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h chairs for the guests to sit on. 有足够的椅子给客人坐。
They have a large house to live in. 他们住在一座大房子里。
I want to buy a pen to write with. 我想买一支笔写字用。
Please give me a knife to cat with. 请给我一把切东西的刀。
There is nothing for you to worry about. 没有什么可让你担心的。
There are many interes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ting books to choose from, but I don’t know which to borrow. 有很多有趣的书可以挑选，但我不知道该借哪一本。
不定式作状语：
不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。
① 不定式作目的状语，有时也可以用in order (not) to, so as (not) to结构。如：
In order to protect th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e young plants from the sun, Mother put them in the shade.
为了保护幼苗不被太阳晒坏，妈妈把它们放到了阴凉处。
He got up very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) early this morning so as not to be late for school again.
今天早上他起身很早以免上学再迟到。
注意：so as (not) to do不可以置于句首。
②不定式作结果状语，常见的结构有too…to, enough…to, so…as to, such…as to, only to…等。如：
The question is too difficult for me to answer. 对我来说，这个问题很难回答。
He said he was clever enough to deal with it by himself.
他说他足够聪明可以独自应付这件事。
Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio 请你帮我把收音机调低一点好吗？
He woke up only to find himself in hospital. 他醒来发现自己在医院里。
注意：too…to通常表示太……而不……，但在下列句子中没有否定的意思。
She is only too glad to stay at home. 她太想留在家里了。
He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。
③不定式作原因状语，通常用来修饰 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示情感、心理状态、性格等的形容词。常见的形容词有：happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever, frightened, shocked, sorry, eager, proud, disappointed, foolish, impatient, unwise, naughty等。如：
They are surprised to learn of his death. 得知他死亡的消息，他们很惊讶。
We are proud to be young people of new China. 成为新中国的青年，我们感到很骄傲。
另外，hard, difficult, e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asy, fit，comfortable等词也可以接动词不定式。这时候，作句子主语的除了是表示人的词外，还可以是表示物的词。如：
The water is not fit to drink. 这水不适合饮用。
The room is very comfortable to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒服。
注意：后两句中的不定式与句子的主语或宾语之间是动宾关系，此时如果不定式动词是不及物动词，则需要带上适当的介词。
Step 4. Do the exercises in the book.
Step 5. Finish the workbook.
Step 6. Homework.
Go over the whole unit and prepare for a test.