北师大版 （2019）选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 Relationships Topic Talk & Lesson 1 Teachers单元习题课件(共139张PPT)

(共139张PPT)
选择性必修第一册
Unit 1 Relationships
01
Topic Talk & Lesson 1 Teachers
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I feel __________ （incredible） proud to be offered the opportunity to attend the meeting.
incredibly
解析 句意为：能有机会参加本次会议，我感到非常荣幸。设空处后为形容词，此处修饰proud，应用副词形式。此外，一定要注意其正确的拼写。
2.Though she has been teaching English for twenty years, she is still __________ （passion） about
teaching.
passionate
解析 句意为：尽管她教英语已有二十年了，但她仍然热爱教学工作。固定短语be passionate about… 意为“热爱……”，故填passionate。
3.____________ （occasional）, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of
reading.
Occasionally
解析 句意为：有时候，我会读一本指定的小说，但我不喜欢这种读物。此处用副词修饰整个句子，故填Occasionally。
4.I admire the clear, logical ____________ （present） of her arguments.
presentation
解析 句意为：我欣赏她对论点的陈述，言辞清晰且合乎逻辑。设空处前为形容词，且设空处作admire的宾语，因此需要填写present的名词形式，根据语境，此处意为“陈述；呈现”，故填presentation。
5.Our teacher is very strict with us and never tolerates bad __________ （behave） in his class.
behaviour
解析 句意为：我们的老师对我们非常严格，他决不容忍课堂上的不良行为。设空处前为形容词，且设空处作tolerates的宾语，故需填写behave的名词形式。behaviour 意为“行为；举止”时为不可数名词，所以此处填behaviour。
6.It seemed that the track was __________ （extreme） long for young children, not to mention a child
with heart disease.
extremely
解析 句意为：这条跑道对于小孩儿来说似乎极其地长，更不用说一个有心脏病的孩子了。设空处之后为形容词，故此处应用副词修饰形容词long，故填extremely。
7.A competent teacher is perfectly aware that it’s not what is poured _____ a student that counts, but
what is planted.
into
解析 句意为：一位称职的老师完全明白，重要的不是被灌输到学生脑子里的知识，而是能在他们脑子里扎根的知识。pour into意为“投入；倒入”，此处用比喻义。
8.When I reached the airport, I realised I ________ （leave） my passport at home.
had left
解析 句意为：当到达机场的时候，我意识到我把自己的护照落在家里了。本句中leave的动作发生于realised 之前，即发生于“过去的过去”，所以应用过去完成时。作答考查时态的题目时，一定要注意寻找显性或隐性的时间标志词。
9.Silk ____________ （become） one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100
BC.
had become
解析 句意为：到大约公元前100年时，丝绸已成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。句中的时间标志词“by+过去某时间”意为“到过去某时间为止”，表示动作始于过去，且到过去的某个时间点完成， 应用过去完成时。
【知识拓展】若句中有时间标志词“by+现在某一时间”，句子需要使用现在完成时,如：A wide variety of scientific achievements have been made by now.；若有“by+将来某一时间”，句子需要使用将来完成时。如：We will have learnt 4,000 words by the end of next semester.
10.It was the first time that I _________ （read） such brilliant fiction.
had read
解析 句意为：这是我第一次读到这么棒的小说。本句考查固定句型it was the first/second/… time that sb had done sth, 意为“这是某人第一/二/……次做某事”。另外，it is the first/second/… time that结构中，从句要用现在完成时，即it is the first/second/… time that sb have/has done sth。
根据提示补全句子。
1.人们拥有比以往更好的医疗服务，因此他们的寿命更长。（access）
People ______ _______ ___ ______ health care than they used to, and they are living longer as a result.
have
access
to
better
2.本次旅途的总花费约为3,000美元。（add）
The total expense of this trip ___________ ____ ___ about 3,000 dollars.
adds/added
up
to
3.如果您能尽快回复，我将非常感激。（grateful）
I will ____ ________ ___ you if you can reply to me at your earliest convenience.
be
grateful
to
4.这个提议值得考虑。（worth/worthy/worthwhile）
（1）This proposal is ______ ______________________ .
worth
considering/consideration
（2）This proposal is worthy ___ ______ __________ / ___ ____ __________ .
of
being
considered
to
be
considered
（3）___ ___ ___________ to consider the proposal/considering the proposal.
It
is
worthwhile
5.要是我遇到困难的时候能向老师求助就太好了。（if only引导虚拟语气）
If only I ______ _____ ___ teachers ____ help when faced with difficulties.
could
turn
to
for
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ___________ （stay） in many worse hotels.
had stayed
解析 句意为：这家酒店不是很好。但我住过很多更差的酒店。stay与主语I之间是主动关系，“住在这家酒店”是过去发生的事情，“住过许多更差的酒店”是过去的过去，所以应用过去完成时。故填had stayed。
2.Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ________ （leave） my book in the café.
had left
解析 句意为：就在我到达学校门口时，我意识到我把书忘在咖啡馆了。realised是过去的动作，leave表示的动作发生在realised表示的动作之前，是过去的过去，应用过去完成时；leave与从句主语I之间是主动关系。故填had left。
3.Like other children, I waited on my eleventh birthday for an owl carrying a letter to inform me that I
_________________ （accept） into the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.
had been accepted
解析 句意为：和其他孩子一样，我在十一岁生日那天等着一只猫头鹰，它带着一封信告诉我我被霍格沃茨魔法学校录取了。accept与从句主语I之间是被动关系，且动作发生在主句谓语动词waited表示的动作之前，是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been accepted。
4.By the end of last year, a great many high-rise buildings _____________ （put） up in Xiao Li’s
hometown.
had been put
解析 句意为：到去年年底，小李的家乡建起了许多高层大楼。put up与主语buildings之间是被动关系，且动作发生在去年年底之前，是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been put。
5.Since opening, the three-hour drive between Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao __________________
（shorten） to 30 minutes.
has been shortened
解析 句意为：自（港珠澳大桥）开通以来，香港、珠海和澳门之间的三小时车程已缩短至30分钟。由时间状语Since opening可知，此处指的是从建成开通到现在，应用现在完成时；shorten与主语drive之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态；主语是第三人称单数，故填has been shortened。
6.I looked at all the homes he __________ （fix） and had to agree that he was indeed doing a good
job.
had fixed
解析 句意为：我看了看他修好的所有房子，不得不承认他确实做得很好。fix这一动作发生在looked这一动作之前，是过去的过去，所以应用过去完成时。fix与从句主语he之间是主动关系，故填had fixed。
7.After talking with her, I learnt that one of her children ______________ （send） back home from
school.
had been sent
解析 句意为：与她交谈后，我得知她的一个孩子从学校被送回了家。send与从句主语one of her children之间是被动关系，且send这一动作发生在learnt表示的动作之前，是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been sent。
8.The twins, who ____________ （finish） their homework, were allowed to play outside.
had finished
解析 句意为：这对双胞胎完成了家庭作业，被允许去外面玩。“完成作业”发生在“允许去外面玩”之前，是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。finish与who（指代The twins）之间是主动关系，故填had finished。
9.It was the first time that China’s lecture __________________ （deliver） from the orbiting Chinese
Space Station.
had been delivered
解析 句意为：这是中国首次在中国轨道空间站进行演讲。分析句子可知，此处考查固定句型it is/was the first time that… has/had done sth，意为“这是……第一次做某事”，该句型中主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去完成时；分析句子结构可知，设空处作从句的谓语，deliver与从句主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填had been delivered。
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 人物故事 词数： 189 难度： &1& 建议用时： 7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Teachers play an important role in students’ life. I, Graham, was a poor student in high school.
Once my friends and I were caught seeing who jumped 1. . （far） off the stage. And I
was lazy in most subjects. I had no idea 2. . hydrogen was and I did not want to know, either.
3. . , things have changed after I met Mr Jenkins, who would use simple language to explain
difficult things with 4. . （practice） examples.
What great fun his classes were! At one time, he set 5. . an experiment to show us how the
human stomach works 6. . （use） acid and an onion. Under his 7. . （guide）, we built
a rocket, poured the fuel into it and then 8. . （light） a match to set it off.
To be honest, I was not a willing student, but he encouraged me to find my own 9. .
（strong）, helping to arouse my interest in science and now my job is to explain science to an
audience. In his eyes, being a teacher is about making 10. . to the students’ minds when we are open
and eager to learn. I am so grateful to be a student of him.
farthest/furthest
what
However
practical
up
using
guidance
lit/lighted
strengths
it
1.______________
farthest/furthest
解析 根据句中主语的范围my friends and I可知，此处需要填副词far的最高级形式，作状语来修饰动词jumped，此外，副词的最高级前面的the可以省略。
2.______
what
解析 此处引导同位语从句，且从句中缺少主语，根据语境，此处表示“什么”，故填what。
3._________
However
解析 根据语境可知，上下文之间为转折关系，故填副词However。
4._________
practical
解析 设空处后为名词，此处应用形容词作定语修饰examples，故填practical，意为“实际的”。
5.____
up
解析 此处为固定短语set up，意为“安排；设置”，此处指安排实验，故填up。
6.______
using
解析 此处为非谓语动词作方式状语，use与其逻辑主语he之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。
7._________
guidance
解析 under one's guidance 意为“在某人的指导下”。注意其名词的拼写。
8.__________
lit/lighted
解析 此处与前面的built和poured并列作谓语，形式应保持一致。light的过去式有lit和lighted两种形式。
9._________
strengths
解析 设空处前为形容词性物主代词，故需要填写名词。根据语境，strength 在此处意为“优势，强项”，为可数名词，且“我”的优势应不止一种，故用复数形式。
10.___
it
解析 make it to 为固定搭配，意为“成功抵达（某地）”，其中it表示泛指。
[河南中原名校2023高二联考] A
体裁： 应用文 题材： 新闻广告 词数： 221 难度： &2& 建议用时： 6分钟
Citizen science is an education series featuring workshops on a variety of topics in a relaxed and inspiring environment. There is no monetary registration fee; instead, each instructor suggests items or services they will accept in exchange for class participation.
Our volunteer instructors prepare based on how many people sign up, so please only sign up if you will actually attend.
Date：Friday, May 4
Time：8:30 am—10:30 am
Class description
Interested in studying nature, feeling more connected to your surroundings and helping the natural environment, but not sure where to start Join us on a PowerPoint tour through the instructor’s favourite citizen science platforms that apply to our region. Just through being observant on a daily walk, you can submit meaningful data to scientists who will use your data to take meaningful conservation steps! We’ll show you how! It’s easy!
Suggested items in exchange for this class
* Baked snacks
* Homemade preserved foods
* Houseplants
* Nature art （draw me a picture ）
About the instructor
Kelsey Frey is the manager of education and outreach （外展服务） for York County Parks, part-time environmental educator for Lancaster County Parks, and runs her own business, Creative Nature Works, in her spare time. Kelsey’s passionate about many natural history topics, including butterflies, and landscaping with native plants.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是公众科学这门教育课程。
1.Who are most likely to attend the class ( )
D
A.Art lovers. B.Outdoor fitness lovers.
C.Volunteers fond of cooking. D.Local people interested in nature.
解析 细节理解题。根据Class description部分中的Interested in studying nature, feeling more connected to your surroundings and helping the natural environment, but not sure where to start Join us on a PowerPoint tour… 可知，当地对大自然感兴趣的人最有可能来上课。故选D项。
2.Which of the following can participants provide in exchange for the class ( )
B
A.Second-hand clothes. B.Homemade tomato sauce.
C.An unused honey pot. D.A newly bought notebook.
解析 细节理解题。根据Suggested items in exchange for this class部分中的Homemade preserved foods可知，参与者可以提供自制番茄酱作为课程的交换。故选B项。
3.What can we learn about the instructor ( )
C
A.She is a full-time teacher. B.She manages Lancaster County Parks.
C.She is in charge of Creative Nature Works. D.She is actively busy with community work.
解析 细节理解题。根据About the instructor部分中的Kelsey Frey… runs her own business, Creative Nature Works可知，该课程的导师是负责Creative Nature Works的。故选C项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.inspiring ad.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的
2.sign up （for）报名（参加课程）
3.connected adj.相关的；连接的；相连的
4.apply to 适用于
[江西新余2022高二期末] B
体裁： 说明文 题材： 人际关系 词数： 356 难度： &3& 建议用时： 8分钟
Teens who have good, supportive relationships with their teachers enjoy better health as adults, according to the research published by an American research centre.
“The research suggests that improving students’ relationships with teachers could have positive and long-lasting effects beyond just academic success,” said Jinho Kim, a professor at Korea University and author of the study.“It could also bring about health ..implications in the long run.”
Previous research has suggested that teens’ social relationships might be linked to health outcomes in adulthood. However, it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal （因果关系的）—it could be that other factors, such as different family backgrounds, might contribute to both relationship problems in adolescence and to poor health in adulthood. Also, most research has focused on teens’ relationships with their peers （同龄人）, rather than on their relationships with teachers.
To explore those questions further, Kim analysed data on nearly 20,000 participants from the Add Health study, a national study in the US that followed participants from seventh grade into early adulthood. The participant pool included more than 3,400 pairs of siblings （兄弟姐妹）. As teens, participants answered questions, like “How often have you had trouble getting along with other students and your teachers ” As adults, participants were asked about their physical and mental health.
Kim found that participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid-20s. However, when he controlled for family background by looking at pairs of siblings together, only the link between good teacher relationships and adult health remained significant.
The results suggest teacher relationships are more important than previously realised and that schools should invest in training teachers on how to build warm and supportive relationships with their students.“This is not something that most teachers receive much training in,” Kim said, “but it should be.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。美国一家研究中心公布的一项研究表明，与老师有良好支持性关系的青少年成年后健康状况更好。
1.What does the underlined word “implications” in Paragraph 2 refer to ( )
C
A.Recipes. B.Habits. C.Benefits. D.Risks.
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的improving students' relationships with teachers could have positive and long-lasting effects可知，此处说的是从长远来看，改善与老师的关系对学生健康也是有益的，由此可知画线词词义为“益处”，故选C项。
2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about ( )
B
A.Poor health in adolescence. B.Limitations of the previous research.
C.Teens’ relationships with their peers. D.Factors affecting health in adulthood.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的However, it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal—it could be that other factors, such as different family backgrounds, might contribute to both relationship problems in adolescence and to poor health in adulthood.可知，第三段主要在说先前研究的局限，故选B项。
3.What does Kim’s research show ( )
D
A.Good adult health depends on teens’ good teachers.
B.Good family background promises long-term adult health.
C.Healthy peer relationship leads to students’ academic success.
D.Positive student-teacher relationship helps students’ adult health.
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中的Kim found that participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid-20s.可知，积极的师生关系有利于学生成年时健康，故选D项。
4.Where does this text probably come from ( )
A
A.A health magazine. B.A medical report. C.A term paper. D.A family survey.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，文章介绍了关于师生关系融洽有利于学生成年后健康的研究，所以可能来自健康杂志，故选A项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.bring about 导致；引起；造成
2.contribute to 造成，促成；是……的原因之一
体裁： 议论文 题材： 学习方法 词数： 202 难度： &4& 建议用时： 8分钟
Some students prefer to learn by themselves. They think they can learn better in this way because
they have more freedom and independence. There is some truth in that. 1. . It is better to have a
teacher, especially when they learn something more difficult.
First, a teacher can act as a guide to lead you to success. When you learn, you need help and
advice. A teacher will give you a hand when you face difficulties. 2. .
What is more, a teacher puts real pressure on you. If you study by yourself, you must be
strong-minded enough to keep on. 3. . But under the guidance of a teacher, you will feel there is
always someone to watch you. The teacher may give you homework to do. You must complete the
homework, or you will not pass the course.
F
D
E
A.Besides, teachers are connected with our life.
B.Teachers can help you solve all of your problems.
C.In short, I prefer to go to class studying with a teacher.
D.Without a guide, you would be searching in darkness.
E.And you may become inactive for lack of a strong will.
F.But they fail to see the advantages of learning with a teacher.
G.In class, teachers do more than just going over the material in the text.
Last but not least, studying with a teacher will help you receive the benefit of the teacher’s
knowledge. 4. . They teach students how to learn and how to obtain information of the topic.
5. . I choose to learn in a big family—my school. Without a teacher, I would feel there would be no
fun and no pressure. I could not learn well in such dull and depressing circumstances.
G
C
【语篇导读】有些学生喜欢自己独立学习，而作者认为需要有老师的指导，以及在学校这个大家庭中学习，才能更有乐趣，更有促使自己学习的压力。
1.___
F
解析 空前提到有些学生喜欢独自学习，而下文提到有一位老师会比较好。F项引出“和一位老师一起学习”这一信息，且F项中的But表明前后内容形成转折，故F项（但他们没有看到跟老师一起学习的优点）符合上下文语境。
2.___
D
解析 本段第一句First, a teacher can act as a guide to lead you to success.表明了作者的一个观点，即老师能指引你走向成功。故D项（没有人指导，你将在黑暗中探索）中的guide与上文呼应，符合本段内容。
3.___
E
解析 前面的If you study by yourself, you must be strong-minded enough to keep on.提到，独自学习的学生需要意志坚强才能坚持下去，E项（你可能会因为缺乏坚强的意志而变得懒散）承接上文，说明缺少坚强意志会产生的后果，符合语境。
4.___
G
解析 空前的receive the benefit of the teacher's knowledge表明跟随老师学习的一个好处是从老师的知识中受益，G项引出空后一句的内容，表明“在课堂上，老师做的不仅仅是重温课文中的材料。他们教给学生的是如何学习以及如何获得话题的信息。”
5.___
C
解析 这一段是作为总结的一段，设空处位于本段段首，应为本段的主题句。从空后内容可知，作者倾向于在学校和老师一起学习，故C项（简而言之，我更喜欢和老师一起上课学习）能够统领本段内容。
【方法总结】利用逻辑衔接词解7选5
7选5设空位置经常考查上下文的逻辑关系，掌握各种表达逻辑关系的词汇、短语，就可以依据逻辑关系判断出正确答案。如本篇第1题，上下文之间为转折关系；本篇第3题，设空处为对上文的顺承递进。常见的逻辑衔接词如下：
（1）表因果关系：如because, so, thus, therefore等；
（2）表转折关系：如but, yet, however, nevertheless等；
（3）表让步关系：如although, though, while等；
（4）表对比关系：如while, instead, by contrast, on the other hand等;
（5）表并列或顺承关系：如and, also, first, second, next, then, for one thing, for another thing等。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.put pressure on sb给某人施加压力
2.under the guidance of sb在某人的指导下
进阶词汇
circumstance n.[C, usually pl.] 环境;条件;状况
02
Lesson 2 How Do We Like Teachers’ Feedback
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Most students express a strong __________ （prefer） for the positive feedback from teachers.
preference
解析 句意为：大多数学生强烈表示喜欢老师的肯定性评价。express/enjoy/have（a）preference for sth意为“偏爱某事”；give（a）preference to sth意为 “给予某事优先权”。
2.Great importance is attached to _________ （manner） in formal occasions in China.
manners
解析 句意为：在中国，大家认为礼仪在正式场合非常重要。attach great importance to sth 意为“认为某事很重要”，to为介词，后加名词或动名词作宾语。注意manner 意为“礼仪”时要用复数形式。
3.I am writing with the _________ （intend） of informing you of the detailed information of the
activity.
intention
解析 句意为：我写信的目的是告知你关于本次活动的详细信息。本句式为写作常用句式，with the intention of 常用来表达写信目的。
4.Seeing a ray of hope, she decided ________ （raise） money for the project with a friend.
to raise
解析 句意为：她看到了一线希望，决定和一位朋友一起为这个项目筹款。decide意为“决定”，后加不定式，故此处填to raise。
5.I felt extremely _________ of my _________ behaviour in the job interview. （shame）
ashamed
shameful
解析 句意为：我对自己在求职面试中的丢脸行为感到极其羞愧。本句中考查shame 的两个形容词形式：shameful 意为“丢脸的，可耻的”，ashamed意为“（人）感到羞愧的”，注意对具体语境进行分析。
【知识拓展】It is a shame that… 是常考句式，其中shame为抽象名词具体化，可看作可数名词，意为“令人羞愧的人或事”。
6.Giving specific comments is an _________ （effect） way to be clear about our strengths and
weaknesses.
effective
解析 句意为：给出确切的评价是一种能够使我们清楚自己的优点和缺点的有效方式。由冠词an 和名词way的提示可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词way。effect的形容词形式为effective，意为“有效的”。
7.He tried to return to work, but found he could no longer deal with the ___________ （demand） job.
demanding
解析 句意为：他试图回去工作，但是他发现已经无法应对这项费力的工作。根据后面的名词job可知，此处要填形容词，故用demanding，意为“费力的；要求高的”。
8.You should not be too sensitive ________ the comments from other people.
to/about
解析 句意为：你不应该对别人的评论太过于敏感。be sensitive to/about sth 意为“对某事敏感”。
9.It is suggested that she give tough feedback to others ___ a less direct manner.
in
解析 句意为：（大家）建议她用委婉的方式给别人严厉的反馈意见。manner意为“方式，方法”时，其固定搭配in a（n） ... manner意为“以……方式”。
【易混辨析】as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
（1）从位置上而言，as引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中或句末，而which只能置于句中或句末。
（2）从句意而言，as 有“正如”之意，which 仅用来指代先行词或前句，多译为“这一点”。
（3）as多用于被动形式，如as is shown/reported…,而which 多用于主动形式。
10.____ is shown, the face-to-face communication helps to strengthen friendships.
As
解析 句意为：正如（事实）证明，面对面的交流有助于巩固朋友关系。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”，故填As。
体裁： 说明文 题材： 介绍说明 词数： 238 难度：&5& 建议用时： 7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Teachers play an important role in the lives of children. The work teachers do can also shape the future of our world since education has the power to reduce poverty, prejudice and conflict. 1 （honour） the work of teachers in cultures across the world, an organisation 2 （name） the Varkey Foundation created the Global Teacher Prize. It awards $1 million to an outstanding teacher each year. So far, seven teachers 3 （win） the prize.
In 2015, Nancie Atwell 4（present） with the first-ever Global Teacher Prize. Nancie donated the money to the school she founded in Maine, USA, to support learners 5 need. In 2016, the winner was a teacher from Palestine. Her name is Hanan Al Hroub, and she won the prize for her work with children . .6. . have lived with violence. From 7. . （person） experience, Al Hroub knew what 8. . was like to grow up with poverty and violence. So, when her own children saw a shooting and were 9. . （deep） affected by it, Al Hroub decided to get involved in education. Al Hroub’s teaching style focused on encouraging children to develop warm, trusting and respectful relationships with each other. Her work had led to a drop in violent 10（behave） in schools. She was happy about winning the prize and hoped to use the money to help other teachers and students.
1.__________
To honour
解析 句意为：为了表彰世界各地不同文化中教师的工作，一个名为“瓦尔基基金会”的组织设立了“全球教师奖”。分析句子并根据句意可知，此处表目的，应用动词不定式作状语。句首字母应大写，故填To honour。
2._______
named
解析 句意见上一题解析。分析句子可知，设空处作定语，name作动词时意为“命名”，和所修饰的名词organisation之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填named。
3.__________
have won
解析 句意为：到目前为止，已有七名教师获得该奖项。根据时间状语So far可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时，主语seven teachers为复数名词，故填have won。
4.______________
was presented
解析 句意为：2015年，南希·阿特韦尔获得了首届全球教师奖。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词present在此处意为“授予；颁发”，和主语Nancie Atwell之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据时间状语In 2015可知，用一般过去时，主语Nancie Atwell为第三人称单数，主谓应一致，故填was presented。
5.___
in
解析 句意为：南希把这笔钱捐给了她在美国缅因州创办的学校，以资助有需要的学生。in need意为“有需要的”，是介词固定短语，此处作后置定语修饰名词learners，符合句意。故填in。
6._________
who/that
解析 句意为：她的名字叫哈南·阿尔-赫鲁布，她因帮助处于暴力中的儿童而获奖。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为children，指人，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
7._________
personal
解析 句意为：从个人经历中，阿尔-赫鲁布知道了在贫困和暴力中长大是什么感觉。根据空格后的名词experience可知，此处应用person的形容词形式，作定语修饰名词。故填personal。
8._____
_it_
解析 分析句子结构可知，在what引导的宾语从句中，设空处为形式主语，不定式短语to grow up… 为真正的主语。故填it。
9._______
deeply
解析 设空处修饰were affected，应用副词。故填deeply。
10.__________
behaviour
解析 句意为：她的工作已经使得学校暴力行为减少。根据空格前的介词in和形容词violent可知，此处应填behave的名词形式behaviour，作介词宾语，behaviour意为“行为”，是不可数名词。故填behaviour。
A
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 个人自述 词数： 268 难度： &6& 建议用时： 7分钟
I’m a teacher.
I was born the first moment that a question leapt from the mouth of a child.
I have been many people in many places.
I am Socrates exciting the youth of Athens to discover new ideas through the use of questions.
I am Anne Sullivan tapping out the secrets of the universe into the outstretched hand of Helen Keller.
I am Aesop and Hans Christian Andersen uncovering truths through countless stories.
The names of those who have practised my profession ring like a hall of fame （名人堂） for humanity… Confucius, Lao-Tzu and Mencius.
I am also those whose names and faces have long been forgotten but those lessons and character will always be remembered by their students.
Despite the maps, charts, formulas, verbs, stories and books, I really have had nothing to teach, for my students really have only themselves to learn, and I know it takes the whole world to tell you who you are.
I am a paradox （矛盾的人）. I speak loudest when I listen the most. My greatest gifts are in what I am willing to appreciatively （表示赞赏地） receive from my students.
Material wealth is not one of my goals, but I am a full-time treasure seeker in my search for new opportunities for my students to use their talents.
I have a past that is rich in memories. I have a ..present.. that is challenging, adventurous and fun, because I am allowed to spend my days with my future. Fortunately, I am a teacher.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者描述了为人师表的人格以及作为一名老师的人生目标。
1.When was a teacher born according to the author ( )
A
A.When a child asked a question. B.When the youth discovered new ideas.
C.When a student knew the secrets of the universe. D.When the truth was revealed through stories.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知，作者认为当孩子问出问题时，作者作为教师的身份就诞生了。故选A项。
2.What is the goal of the author as a teacher ( )
C
A.To be always remembered by his students. B.To instruct students to find who they really are.
C.To allow students opportunities to use their talents. D.To seek for material and spiritual materials.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段可知，作为教师作者最大的目标是寻找新机会让学生们发挥他们的才能。故选C项。
3.What does the underlined word “present” in the last paragraph mean ( )
C
A.Being in a place. B.The thing given as a gift.
C.The time now. D.Give something to somebody.
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段中的I have a past that is rich in memories.和because I am allowed to spend my days with my future可知，前句表示“过去的时间”，后半句表示“将来的时间”，画线处的present应该指代“现在的时间”。故选C项。
4.Which word can best describe the teacher in the passage ( )
D
A.Stubborn. B.Grateful. C.Lazy. D.Devoted.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第八段和文章倒数第二段可知，可用“献身的，忠诚的”来描述老师。故选D项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.in sb’s search for某人寻求/寻找
2.challenging adj.富于挑战性的
进阶词汇
leap vi.突然做（某事）；骤增 vi. & vt.跳；跳跃
词缀拓展
out- prefix 向外；在外面；大过，远过，超过
outstretched adj.张开的，伸开的
B[河南洛阳2023高二段测]
体裁： 说明文 题材： 学习方法 词数： 289 难度： &7& 建议用时： 7分钟
Many studies have shown the learning-by-teaching effect. Students who spend time teaching what they’ve learnt show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge than students who simply spend the same time re-studying. But why does teaching help
Researchers did a study to test their theory that teaching improves the teacher’s learning because it forces the teacher to find back what they’ve learnt. They asked 124 students to spend ten minutes studying a text with numbers on a topic which is completely new to them. They told the students they could take notes while studying, but would teach the material afterwards without notes. After studying the text, the students were divided into four groups. In one group the students spent five minutes giving a lesson on the study material without notes. The other groups either spent the same time completing arithmetic （算术运算）, teaching with a script （讲稿） or writing down all they could remember from the text—a form of recalling practice. A week later, all the students took a surprise test on their knowledge and understanding of the text.
The important finding is that the teaching-without-notes group and the recalling-practice group performed better than the group that completed arithmetic problems and the group that taught with a script.
The researchers said the result shows that the benefits of the learning-by-teaching method are caused by recalling practice; that is, the learning-by-teaching method works only when the teaching includes recalling the taught materials.
The new findings have a practical suggestion for how the learning-by-teaching method is used in education. In order to make sure that students learn and remember an educational material, they should internalise（使内在化） the material before presenting it to others, rather than depend on notes during the presentation process.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项重要的研究，研究发现在教学中学习更有助于提高学生的学习效果。
1.Why does the author give a question in Paragraph 1 ( )
B
A.To look for readers’ answer. B.To introduce the topic.
C.To keep a sense of mystery. D.To show off his knowledge.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句话Students who spend time teaching what they've learnt show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge than students who simply spend the same time re-studying.和第二段第一句话Researchers did a study to test their theory that teaching improves the teacher's learning because it forces the teacher to find back what they've learnt.可知，本篇文章主要讲述在教学中学习更能提高学生的学习效果。由此可知，第一段提出问题的目的是引出文章主题，进一步介绍本篇文章的主题。故选B项。
2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about ( )
B
A.Why the study started. B.How the study was done.
C.How many people participated in the study. D.What conclusion the researchers made.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句话They asked 124 students to spend ten minutes studying a text with numbers on a topic which is completely new to them.和第二段第四句话After studying the text, the students were divided into four groups.以及第二段最后一句话A week later, all the students took a surprise test on their knowledge and understanding of the text.可知，第二段主要介绍实验的过程，也就是这个实验是怎么做的。故选B项。
3.What should be stressed in school education according to the author ( )
C
A.Previewing-by-teaching. B.Note-taking. C.Learning-by-teaching. D.Mind-mapping.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，该项实验针对如何把在教学中学习应用于实际教学提出了切实可行的建议，作者认为在教学中学习有利于教育实践，学生应该在教学中学习。由此可推知，在学校教育中，应该强调的是在教学中学习。故选C项。
4.Where is the text probably from ( )
B
A.A history textbook. B.A newspaper. C.A guidebook. D.A detective novel.
解析 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了一项重要的研究，研究发现在教学中学习更有助于提高学生的学习效果，所以此文章最有可能出自报纸。故选B项。
长难句分析
句意：花时间传授自己所学知识的学生比花同样时间重新学习的学生表现出更好的理解和记忆知识的能力。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.be divided into 被分成…… 2.perform vi.表现；运转（好/不好） vt.做；履行 vt.&vi.表演
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 个人经历 词数： 252 难度： &8& 建议用时： 14分钟
It’s a moving story. A primary school teacher in Kentucky went above and beyond to . .1. . that a special student was included during a fun class field trip.
The student was a 10-year-old girl named Ryan Neighbors. Born with a defect called spina bifida （脊柱裂）, she has to use a wheelchair for her . .2. . life. Because of the lack of wheelchair access, previous school trips had been a . .3. . to the young girl. This year, Neighbors’ family learnt from the school that the class would be . .4. . the Ohio State Park, which was obviously inaccessible to her. So the family started to plan a（n） . .5. . trip to cheer her up. Fortunately, Jim Freeman, who teaches the class next door to Neighbors’ classroom, . .6. . and volunteered to carry her around the park using a special backpack.
Freeman’s . .7. . brought Shelly King, Neighbors’ mother, to tears. “It is said that Freeman carried our daughter on his back all the way to explore the state park. It . .8. . my heart,” said Shelly. “He was so . .9. . that he strove （努力） to make sure that Neighbors was included and not . .10. . .” So Shelly went to social media to . .11. . Freeman. So far, the post has been . .12. . thousands of times.“This is just one of the physical acts that we do daily in school. It was nothing more than a way to . .13. . a student in need,” Freeman . .14. . .
15. . , for Ryan Neighbors the generous deed provided a lesson that would likely stick with her for years.
1.( )A.insist B.ensure C.convince D.agree
B
解析 句意为：肯塔基州的一名小学教师在一次有趣的班级实地考察中，不遗余力地确保了一名特殊学生的加入。根据下文中的he strove to make sure that Neighbors was included可知，肯塔基州的一名小学老师竭尽全力，确保一位特殊的学生能够参与到有趣的实地考察中。故选B项。
2.( )A.entire B.short C.previous D.typical
A
解析 句意为：她出生时有一种叫作脊柱裂的缺陷，一生都得坐轮椅。根据上文中的Born with a defect called spina bifida可知，瑞安·内博斯从出生起就患有脊柱裂，因此她的一生都需要在轮椅上度过。故选A项。
3.( )A.pleasure B.chance C.mission D.challenge
D
解析 句意为：由于没有轮椅通道，以前的学校旅行对这个小女孩来说是一种挑战。根据上文中的Because of the lack of wheelchair access可知，缺少轮椅专用通道使得旅行对于坐轮椅的瑞安·内博斯来说是充满挑战的，所以说以前的学校旅行是一种挑战。故选D项。
4.( )A.wandering B.heading C.visiting D.leaving
C
解析 句意为：今年，内博斯的家人从学校得知，他们的班级要去参观俄亥俄州立公园，那里显然是（内博斯）去不了的。根据下文中的the Ohio State Park可知，这一次班级计划去俄亥俄州立公园旅行，此处表达“参观公园”。故选C项。
5.( )A.free B.occasional C.regular D.alternative
D
解析 句意为：因此，这家人开始计划另一次旅行，让她高兴起来。根据上文中的which was obviously inaccessible to her可知，由于内博斯没办法去参观俄亥俄州立公园，因此，家人开始为她计划一次她可以参与的旅行作为替代。故选D项。occasional意为“偶尔的”；alternative意为“可替代的”。
6.( )A.dropped in B.stepped in C.moved on D.calmed down
B
解析 句意为：幸运的是，内博斯教室隔壁班级的老师吉姆·弗里曼主动提出用一个特殊的背包带着她在公园里走。根据下文中的volunteered to carry her around the park using a special backpack可知，吉姆·弗里曼施以援手，主动提出要用特殊的背包背着内博斯去旅行。故选B项。drop in意为“顺道拜访”；step in意为“施以援手”； move on意为“继续前进”；calm down意为“平静下来”。
7.( )A.ambition B.courage C.generosity D.determination
C
解析 句意为：弗里曼的慷慨让内博斯的母亲谢莉·金热泪盈眶。根据上文中的volunteered to carry her around the park using a special backpack和下文中的brought Shelly King, Neighbors' mother, to tears可知，吉姆·弗里曼主动提出用特殊的背包背着内博斯去旅行，这是一种慷慨相助，故选C项。ambition意为“雄心”；courage意为“勇气”；generosity意为“慷慨”；determination意为“决心”。
8.( )A.melted B.stopped C.stole D.broke
A
解析 根据上文中的Freeman carried our daughter on his back all the way to explore the state park可知，弗里曼老师一路上都背着谢莉的女儿在公园里探险，谢莉被老师的行为所温暖，所以感觉心都要融化了。故选A项。
9.( )A.open-minded B.energetic C.different D.warm-hearted
D
解析 句意为：“他是如此热心，以至于他努力确保内博斯被包括在内而不是被排除在外。”根据上文内容可知，弗里曼并不是内博斯的老师，但他主动背着她去旅行探险，说明他是一个热心的人。故选D项。
10.( )A.dealt with B.left out C.taken over D.turned down
B
解析 根据上文中的he strove to make sure that Neighbors was included可知，弗里曼尽力让内博斯参与到旅行中来，所以用not left out表达“不被忽略”。故选B项。deal with意为“应付”；leave out意为“不包括”；take over意为“接管”；turn down意为“调低；拒绝”。
11.( )A.praise B.encourage C.select D.follow
A
解析 句意为：所以谢莉在社交媒体上称赞了弗里曼。根据上文语境可知，谢莉很感激老师背着自己的女儿参观公园，所以在社交媒体上表扬了弗里曼老师的行为。故选A项。
12.( )A.provided B.claimed C.approved D.shared
D
解析 句意为：到目前为止，这则帖子已经被分享了数千次。根据上文中的social media可知，大家在社交媒体上看到这则帖子后，纷纷转载分享。故选D项。
13.( )A.help B.reward C.choose D.educate
A
解析 句意为：“这只是我们在学校每天作出的行为之一。这不过是帮助有需要的学生的一种方式。”弗里曼回应道。根据上文弗里曼背着内博斯参观公园的故事以及空后的a student in need可知，此处指帮助有需要的学生。故选A项。
14.( )A.admitted B.responded C.continued D.added
B
解析 根据弗里曼所说的话可知，他是在对内博斯的母亲对自己的表扬作出回应。故选B项。
15.( )A.Moreover B.Instead C.However D.Therefore
C
解析 句意为：然而，对瑞安·内博斯来说，这一慷慨的举动给她上了一课，可能会让她铭记多年。根据上文弗里曼所说的话This is just one of the physical acts that we do daily in school.It was nothing more than a way to _____ a student in need以及下文for Ryan Neighbors the generous deed provided a lesson that would likely stick with her for years可知，上下文在内容上是转折关系，用however表示转折。故选C项。
03
Lesson 3 So Close, Yet So Far
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Tom admits that playing online games sometimes leaves him __________ （distract） from class.
distracted
解析 句意为：汤姆承认，玩网络游戏有时候会使他上课时分心。此处为“leave+宾语+宾补”复合结构，表示“注意力分散的”，应用形容词作宾补，故填distracted。
2.Recently, one-third of middle school students _____________ （suffer） from peer pressure.
have suffered
解析 句意为：近期的一项研究显示，三分之一的中学生都遭受过同辈压力。设空处前面为主语，由此可知suffer作谓语，根据时间提示词Recently可知，应该用现在完成时。当分数、百分数修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由名词的单复数形式决定。
3.The boy felt a strong sense of __________ after receiving the __________ exam result.（depress）
depression
depressing
解析 句意为：这个男孩在收到令人失望的考试结果后，（情绪）非常低落。“a sense of+名词”为固定搭配，意为“……感”，第一空应填名词depression；第二空作定语，修饰exam result，应用形容词，根据语境，此处表示“令人失望的”，应填-ing形式的形容词depressing。
4.We received a flood of ___________ （complain） from customers about the lack of parking facilities.
complaints
解析 句意为：我们收到了大量来自客户的投诉，抱怨缺乏停车场所。根据空前的a flood of可知，此处应填名词复数形式，complain是动词，其名词形式为complaint。
5.This boy delayed finishing his tasks __________ （constant） due to various excuses.
constantly
解析 句意为：这个男孩总是以各种各样的借口推迟完成工作。设空处修饰谓语delayed，应用副词作状语。
6.If your blood pressure is too high, you are advised to make an ____________ （appoint） with your
doctor.
appointment
解析 句意为：如果你的血压太高，建议你跟你的医生约一下。设空处在不定冠词an后，需要填单数名词，故填appointment。固定短语make an appointment with sb 意为“和某人约定”。
7.Tom, please do not keep the water ________ （flow） all the time.
flowing
解析 句意为：汤姆,请不要让水一直流。在“keep+宾语+宾补”复合结构中，需要考虑宾语和宾补在逻辑上的主被动关系，water 和flow 在逻辑上为主动关系，因此用现在分词作宾补。
8.The new organisation aims ________ （help） handle the peer pressure of the primary school students.
to help
解析 句意为：这个新的组织力求帮助处理小学生们遇到的同辈压力问题。aim to do sth为固定用法，意为“力求做某事”。
9.______ worries us most is that the number of the kids dominated by computers is growing fast.
What
解析 句意为：最让我们担忧的是，沉迷于电脑的孩子的数量正在迅速增加。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“所……的事情”，故填What。
10.Those _____ are addicted to chasing after new friends constantly will miss the true ones.
who
解析 句意为：那些沉迷于不断地追寻新朋友的人终会错失真正的朋友。设空处引导定语从句，根据语境可知，先行词Those指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。
根据提示补全句子。
1.人们更易于和兴趣相投的人交往。（associate）
People are easier to ____ __________ _____ those sharing the same interest.
be
associated
with
2.杰克逊刚到新学校时很渴望结识新朋友。（desperate）
Jackson _____ _________ ___ make new friends the moment he came to the new school.
was
desperate
to
3.因专注于读书，他并没有注意到我进来。（obsess）
_________ ________ his book, he did not notice my coming.
Obsessed
by/with
4.如果你无法合理安排你的时间，你最终会考试不及格。（end up）
If you are not capable to organise your time wisely, you will _____ ____ _______ the exam.
end
up
failing
5.我们享受着因特网带来的众多益处，其中包括远程学习的快速发展。（include）
（1）We are enjoying many benefits from the Internet, _________ ____ _________
___________________ of remote learning.
including
the
rapid/fast
growth/development;
（2）We are enjoying many benefits from the Internet, ____ _________ __________________ of remote
learning _________ .
the
rapid/fast
growth/development
included
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 人物故事 词数： 312 难度： &9& 建议用时： 8分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the modern age 1. . the Internet becomes an irreplaceable part of our daily life, people
spend too much time on phones. I am 2. . （engage） in posting updates, reading new messages,
answering e-mails, as well as 3. . （scroll） through social apps all the time, even when having
a shower.
4. . seems that the Internet brings people closer to each other. 5. , in reality, it brings more
depression and 6. . （lonely） on me. For one thing, social networking online has dominated
most of my spare time, causing me to delay important things, such as homework, tasks and maintaining
real relationships. Day after day, I feel 7. . strong sense of dissatisfaction and depression from work.
For another, in real face-to-face communication with friends, we are often interrupted by the never-ending
flow of updates in our phones, thus making others uncomfortable. It is not strange that some people are
bending over the phone, with their eyes 8. . （fix） on the screen.
9. . （consequent）, it is high time that we 10. . （lift） our heads to enjoy the
view outside the window before we are too addicted to phones.
when
engaged
scrolling
It
However
loneliness
a
fixed
Consequently
lifted
1.______
when
解析 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词modern age，在定语从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。
2.________
engaged
解析 be engaged in doing sth为固定表达，意为“忙于做某事”。
3._________
scrolling
解析 as well as 连接并列成分，设空处的形式应与前面的posting, reading和answering保持一致，故填动名词形式。
4.___
It
解析 固定句型it seems that… 意为“好像……；似乎……”，故此处填It。
5._________
However
解析 根据语境可知，本句和前一句呈明显的转折关系，且设空处与后面用逗号隔开，故填副词However。
6.__________
loneliness
解析 bring sth on sb意为“给某人带来/招致某种不好的事情”，且空前有and连接并列成分depression,故填名词。
7.___
a
解析 a sense of… 为固定搭配，意为“……感”。
8.______
fixed
解析 此处为“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构在句中作状语，根据固定短语fix one's eyes on sth可知，eyes和fix之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此需要填过去分词形式。
9._____________
Consequently
解析 此处需要用副词置于句首，作结果状语。
10.______
lifted
解析 it is high time that sb did/should do sth为固定句式，意为“是某人做某事的时候了”，that引导的主语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”，should通常不可省略。故填lifted。
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 人物故事 词数： 312 难度： &10& 建议用时： 8分钟
[安徽马鞍山二中2023高二期中] 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A study found that 1. . takes about 34 hours of investment to shift from a superficial
acquaintance to a true friendship. According to the study, a total of 11 interactions are required to move
from acquaintance to friendship, with the average friendship 2. . （take） 5.5 months to turn into
something solid.
According to the study, “One of the big problems about friendships has been that they are very
3. . （depend） on continued investment of time, so if you aren’t able 4. . （see）
individuals at the necessary rate, they’re just going to slide.”
it
taking
dependent
to see
The study found certain 5. . （quality） are most important for friendship. In particular,
61% of respondents believe a sense of humour is an essential ingredient of friendship, and 44% say it’s
about holding similar values. For 26%, friendship 6. . （drive） by similar interests and
activities. People also say friendship is based on being trustworthy （26%） and reliable （23%）.
The researcher Robin Dunbar became famous 7. . his classic theory that people can maintain
meaningful relationships with about 150 others. This is not only based on brain size, but also 8. .
amount of time and investment it takes to maintain connections with each other. Within their 150
relationships, the average person has about five people who are close friends—the people you can really
rely on, and with 9. . you can establish a strong connection and have the 10. . （deep）
relationships.
qualities
is driven
for
the
whom
deepest
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于友谊的研究。
1.___
it
解析 句意为：一项研究发现，从肤浅的认识到真正的友谊，大约需要34个小时的投入。it takes sth to do sth为固定句式，意为“做某事要花费多少时间”。故填it。
2._______
taking
解析 句意为：根据这项研究，从泛泛之交到成为朋友总共需要11次互动，平均需要5.5个月的时间，友谊才会变得稳固。分析句子结构可知，此处是“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，结合语境可知，此处表示“平均需要5.5个月的时间”，the average friendship和take之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故填taking。
3.__________
dependent
解析 句意为：关于友谊的一个重要问题是，它们非常依赖于持续的时间投入，所以如果你不能以必要的频率见到对方，友谊就会慢慢消失。分析句子结构可知，空前是系动词are，此处为主系表结构，空前有副词very修饰，设空处应用形容词作表语。故填dependent。
4._______
to see
解析 句意见上一题解析。be able to do为固定搭配，意为“能够做……”。故填to see。
5._________
qualities
解析 句意为：研究发现，某些品德对友谊最重要。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词certain，所以设空处应填名词，此处quality意为“品德”，为可数名词，根据are可得知，应该用名词复数形式。故填qualities。
6._________
is driven
解析 句意为：26%的人认为，友谊是由相似的兴趣和活动驱动的。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以设空处作本句谓语，结合语境和空后的by可知，此处表示被动含义，所以应该用被动语态；此处为客观陈述，应该用一般现在时，主语是friendship，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is driven。
7.____
for
解析 句意为：研究人员罗宾·邓巴因其经典理论而闻名，他认为人们可以与大约150人保持有意义的关系。become famous for为固定搭配，表示“因……而变得有名”。故填for。
8.____
the
解析 句意为：这不仅取决于大脑的大小，还取决于维持彼此联系所需的时间和投入。此处特指维持联系所需的时间和投入的总量，应用定冠词。故填the。
9._______
whom
解析 句意为：在他们的150个人际关系中，平均每个人大约有5个亲密朋友——他们是你可以真正依赖的人，你可以和他们建立稳固的联系，拥有最深厚的关系。分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是the people，指人，关系词在从句中作with的宾语。故填whom。
10.________
deepest
解析 句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词relationships，所以设空处应填形容词；再根据句意可知，此处表示强调“最深厚的关系”之意，应用形容词的最高级。故填deepest。
【知识拓展】“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，“介词+关系代词”整体在定语从句中作状语。注意，在该结构中，关系代词通常用whom, which, whose，而不用that。如：She came into the house, on whose wall there was a portrait of Einstein.她进入了房间，房子的墙壁上有一张爱因斯坦的画像。
A
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 人物故事 词数： 312 难度： &11& 建议用时： 8分钟
Students were eating lunch when a fire broke out at Marysville School. The incident left a big mark on students, teachers and parents as they watched the school went up in flames. All the 460 students as well as the 50 staff were left unharmed but after their school was destroyed, they had to move to another building.
Lana Penley, who had started her second year as a headmaster for Marysville, said everyone needed relief from the accident.“We were already a school that struggled, and then adding the fire on top of it, we really thought we needed to find a social and emotional subject that connects to the heart to overcome our psychological damage,” Penley said.
It was after the school opened its doors again that Penley and her staff found a solution in the MindUP programme, founded by actress Goldie Hawn and the Hawn Foundation. MindUp helps kids who are suffering from a high level of stress develop skills they need to grow healthily in a complicated world. Penley used the programme as a way to relieve mental damage from the fire, as well as supporting many of her students who live in poverty.
Even teachers benefited from the programme. Teachers got a “brain break” before staff meetings so they could recharge and focus on the task ahead. MindUp had made all the people in the school become positive.
MindUp is based on research. In a study looking at the positive benefits of the subject, Kimberly Schonert-Reichl, a professor from University of British Columbia, asked fourth and fifth graders about their experience.82% of children said they had a more positive outlook, 81% developed ways to increase their happiness, and 58% of the kids expressed a desire to help their classmates more frequently.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了马里斯维尔学校利用MindUP 项目帮助师生走出火灾阴影的故事。
1.What’s the problem for the school after the fire according to Lana Penley ( )
D
A.It needed money to build a new school.
B.Injured students and teachers couldn’t be treated at once.
C.The school couldn’t teach kids to deal with emergencies.
D.Students and teachers were suffering from pain and they needed relief.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中Lana Penley… said everyone needed relief from the accident.可知，拉娜·彭利觉得火灾之后全校师生都需要缓解伤痛。故选D项。
2.What can we learn from the passage ( )
A
A.Lana Penley tried to help poor students after the fire.
B.Some parents blamed the school for the fire.
C.The school was in very good condition before the fire.
D.Lana Penley was one of the founders of the MindUp programme.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中Penley used the programme as a way to relieve mental damage from the fire, as well as supporting many of her students who live in poverty.可知，拉娜·彭利在火灾发生后，努力帮助一些贫困的学生。故选A项。
3.What are the numbers in the last paragraph used to show ( )
C
A.A positive attitude has helped kids perform well at school.
B.This school has set a good example for others.
C.MindUp works well in this school.
D.It is beneficial to help others.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，一位教授通过询问四年级和五年级学生的经历来了解该课程的积极益处，随后给出了这些数字来证明，因此最后一段中的数字是用来表明MindUp在这所学校很有效。故选C项。
4.What can be the best title for the passage ( )
B
A.The MindUp Programme Will Become a Must for Every School
B.The MindUp Programme Helps Students Relieve Pain
C.How to Rebuild a School After a Fire
D.How to Escape From a Fire at School
解析 主旨大意题。根据第三段中It was after the school opened its doors again that Penley and her staff found a solution in the MindUP programme, … MindUp helps kids who are suffering from a high level of stress develop skills they need to grow healthily in a complicated world.以及第四段中MindUp had made all the people in the school become positive.，再结合本文主要讲述的马里斯维尔学校利用MindUP 项目帮助师生走出火灾阴影的故事，可推出B项“MindUp项目帮助学生减轻疼痛”最适合做文章标题。故选B项。
B[河北石家庄二中2023高二开学考试]
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 人物故事 词数： 312 难度： &12& 建议用时： 8分钟
In a recent staff meeting, my colleagues and I discussed ways to ease the current stress our 11th-grade students were feeling. I offered a successful strategy that I use for organising work in the classroom—negotiating （协商） due dates. The assistant replied, “Yes, a good idea, being flexible with due dates.” Flexible That was not the word I used, and to me, those two words are not interchangeable; flexibility and negotiation are not the same thing.
Being flexible can help decrease stress and anxiety in the classroom. It shows willingness on the part of the teacher to listen, engage in conversation with students, and shift and adapt when possible. But the balance of power has not really shifted. The student still needs to ask for permission, which may or may not be given. In a week when my work seems manageable, I may be feeling generous, but in a week when my workload is high, I may be less likely to lean towards flexibility. So flexibility might mean an extra hour, half a day, or a few days.
In either case the student has no power. In many ways, by the time students reach the stage of having to ask, it’s too late. The stress has already increased, and students are placed in a position where they may make poor decisions, like skipping classes, to get some extra time.
Negotiation is different. It happens at the beginning of the process and is a proactive approach that encourages shared ownership, an acceptance of equal responsibility. Negotiating brings the teacher and students together to address the issue equally. The date by which work will be done is a question for all, but the student does need to do the work, and the teacher needs to assess it. There are competing needs and schedules and workloads.
Sometimes even the smallest things are worth considering carefully. In teaching, there is nothing small. As a teacher, I usually self-reflect my practice, and strengthen my practice.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述的是灵活性和协商在课堂上对学生的影响。
1.What does the author think of the assistant’s reply ( )
B
A.It is a convincing statement. B.It is a wrong interpretation.
C.It is a detailed description. D.It is a positive response.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的That was not the word I used, and to me, those two words are not interchangeable; flexibility and negotiation are not the same thing.可知，作者认为助手的回答是一种错误的理解。故选B项。
2.What is the author’s opinion of being flexible ( )
D
A.It makes the students feel free. B.It is a win-win choice in class.
C.It is a strategy to remove stress. D.It allows the teacher the final say.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The student still needs to ask for permission, which may or may not be given.可知，作者对灵活性的看法是，它让老师有最后的发言权。故选D项。
3.How does negotiation work according to the author ( )
C
A.By encouraging competition among students. B.By helping teachers assess their responsibility.
C.By creating harmony and equality in the class. D.By providing a way to reduce students’ workload.
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Negotiating brings the teacher and students together to address the issue equally.可知，协商通过在课堂上创造和谐和平等来起作用。故选C项。
4.What can we infer about the author from the text ( )
B
A.He is expert at arguing with others. B.He is committed to his teaching work.
C.He is worried about the current education. D.He is doubtful about the assistant’s ability.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的As a teacher, I usually self-reflect my practice, and strengthen my practice.可推知，作者致力于他的教学工作。故选B项。
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 人物故事 词数： 312 难度： &13& 建议用时： 8分钟
Many kids and teenagers have cellphones in their hands. However, is it really necessary for them to have phones at school Here are the pros and cons.
Pros
They can get in touch when necessary. The main benefit of having a phone is that your children
can get in touch with you whenever they need to. 1. . They can call the emergency services if
necessary. If your children are in immediate danger, they can use their phones to call not only you but
the emergency services. This is of great benefit and could potentially save your children’s lives.
2. . As long as your children remember to do this, their phones won’t cause distraction in class.
Giving them a standard instead of a smartphone will also reduce the risk of distraction.
C
A
Cons
The latest smartphones can almost double as a computer. It means they offer far more of a
distraction to kids than they used to. 3. . All these characteristics could disturb your children’s
concentration if they play with them in class.
G
Cellphones could interrupt lessons. Many children, even though they are asked to do so, forget to
turn off their phones during lessons and their phones may make sounds. 4. . Besides the distraction
problem, cellphones can also be used to look up answers on the Internet. 5. . The possibility of
children having access to these during exams could be too attractive for them not to take advantage of.
A.Cellphones can be turned off or put on mute.
B.Children use ordinary phones instead of smartphones.
C.This allows you to feel they are safe and easy to reach.
D.Without cellphones, campus life would be less colourful.
E.They have some other functions—a calculator and the ability to save notes.
F.This not only annoys other pupils, but also prevents them from learning well.
G.In addition to texting and making calls, phones also can be used to play games, surf the Internet and
listen to music.
F
E
1.___
C
解析 空前讲孩子带手机可随时联系家人，C项承接上文，阐述孩子可以随时联系家人的好处，故选C项。
2.___
A
解析 该段讲的是避免手机使孩子上课分心的办法，设空处应提出“关上手机或调到静音”的办法，故选A项。
3.___
G
解析 根据设空后的All these characteristics could disturb your children's concentration… 可知，设空处应讲手机的特点，且正是这些特点让孩子分心，故选G项。
【语篇导读】本文主要讨论了孩子上学时带手机的优缺点。
4.___
F
解析 根据前一句中的forget to turn off their phones during lessons and their phones may make sounds以及后一句中的the distraction problem可知，设空处与distraction有关。F项（这不仅打扰别的学生，还妨碍他们好好学习）符合语境。故选F项。
5.___
E
解析 根据下一句The possibility of children having access to these during exams could be too attractive for them not to take advantage of.中的these的含义，可推知选E项。
【方法总结】巧用代词指代或定冠词解7选5
在做7选5时，代词和定冠词起到了非常关键的作用，比如：that和those通常指代上文谈到的人或事物，分别表单数和复数；it指代前文中提到的事物、想法等，表单数；they指代前文中提到的人或物，表复数。如果是第二次谈到某个人或事物，通常会用到定冠词the，有时上下文衔接的关键就在于此。正确分析代词指代的内容，能够帮助我们理解上下文，同时也能从指代中判断出正确选项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.get in touch （with） （与……）联系
2.concentration n.专心；专注；集中
3.have access to 有……可以使用；有接触……的机会
4.take advantage of 利用
进阶词汇
distraction n.[C,U]分散注意力的事物；使人分心的事物
04
Writing Workshop—Reading Club 2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Have you ever received the _________ （invite） to his wedding ceremony
invitation
解析 句意为：你收到他的婚礼邀请了吗？设空处前有定冠词the，因此需要填写invite的名词形式，作received的宾语。
2.Hundreds of ___________ （compete） flowed into the stadium, excited and anxious.
competitors
解析 句意为：数百名参赛者怀着激动且迫切的心情涌入运动场。根据设空处前的Hundreds of可知，此处需要填写名词的复数形式，且根据语境，此处意为“选手”，故填competitors。
3.Born in America, she speaks English with a high ________ （fluent） and accuracy.
fluency
解析 句意为：（因为）出生在美国，她讲的英语很流利而且很准确。根据a high和后面与设空处并列的名词accuracy可知，此处应用名词作with的宾语，fluency意为“流利度，流畅度”。
4._________ （engage） in answering e-mails, he did not move an inch from the computer.
Engaged
解析 句意为：专注于回复邮件，他没有离开电脑半步。be engaged in sth为固定表达，意为“忙于/专注于某事”，设空处在句中作状语，故填Engaged。
5.An excellent teacher is always experimenting with ways to help students stay __________ （motivate）.
motivated
解析 句意为：一位优秀的老师总是在尝试各种方法来帮助学生保持积极性。“stay+adj.”为系表结构，设空处需要填形容词作表语。
6.________ （judge） from his words, we knew clearly that he would hold fast to his principles.
Judging
解析 句意为：从他的话来判断，我们清楚地知道他会坚持他的原则。judging from/by… 是独立成分，意为“依据……来判断”。
7.The Great Wall was built ___ defence of national security.
in
解析 句意为：长城是为了保护国家安全而修建的。名词词组in defence of… 为固定搭配，意为“保护……”，在句子中作状语。
8.His teacher, as well as parents, has approved ___ his final decision recently.
of
解析 句意为：最近，他的老师和父母都同意了他最后的决定。固定短语approve of意为“同意；赞成”，故填of。
9.They have destroyed a lot of equipment __________ （belong） to the local fishermen.
belonging
解析 句意为：他们破坏了很多属于本地渔民的设备。belong to意为“属于”，没有被动形式，句子中已有谓语have destroyed，故此处应填belong的非谓语形式，belong to与equipment之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故填belonging。
10.Teachers are the most reliable people ___ whom you can turn for help at school.
to
解析 句意为：在学校，老师是你可以求助的最可靠的人。此处为“介词+whom”引导的定语从句，先行词为people。此类定语从句中介词的选择要看语境和搭配。turn to sb for help为固定搭配，意为“向某人寻求帮助”，由此可知应填to。
根据提示补全句子。
1.谨以此信，我代表全家向你表示诚挚的欢迎。（behalf）
I am writing to show my sincere welcome to you ____ _______ ___ my whole family.
on
behalf
of
2.（人们的）交流方式中存在着各种各样的文化差异。（range）
There lie ___ ______ ______ ___ cultural differences in communication styles.
a
wide
range
of
3.相较于来自开放文化（环境）的人，日本人绝不会在面对面的交谈中直视对方。（contrast）
___ ________ _______ people from open culture, the Japanese never look directly at the other in a
face-to-face conversation.
In
contrast
to/with
4.文化冲击使新来者很难快速融入新环境。（fit）
Culture shock makes it difficult for newcomers ___ ____ _______ the new surroundings quickly.
to
fit
into/in
5.多让你自己接触一些正能量的榜样，这是一个很好的选择。（surround）
It is a great choice ___ _________ ________ _____ models with positive energy.
to
surround
yourself
with
A
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 人物故事 词数： 312 难度： &14& 建议用时： 8分钟
Coming from a broken home on the mean streets, Quentin had been on the wrong side of the law influenced by secret society and drugs. He has risen and fallen many times, which is why his turnround is all the more inspiring.
Having gotten out of the secret society and later honourably retired from the Marines （海军陆战队）, Quentin struggled with various business adventures inc