北师大版（2019） 选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 Conservation 单元习题课件 (共143张PPT)

(共143张PPT)
选择性必修第一册
Unit 3 Conservation
01
Topic Talk & Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It is of great ________ （urgent） to find out the main cause of the accident.
urgency
解析 句意为：查明事故的主要起因是十分紧迫的事情。 “be of+抽象名词”为固定结构，常用来表明事物的特点或特征，其含义相当于对应的形容词含义，即be of great urgency与be very urgent含义相同。故填urgency。
2.Human activities are very likely to cause the next mass __________ （extinct）.
extinction
解析 句意为：人类活动非常有可能引起下一次大规模的物种灭绝。设空处作cause的宾语，根据语境可知应填名词extinction。
3.The society was set up to preserve ___________ （endanger） species from dying out.
endangered
解析 句意为：成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种不致灭绝。设空处修饰其后面的名词species，应用形容词作定语，故填endangered。
4.The little girl was __________ （incredible） excited to see her birthday gift.
incredibly
解析 句意为：看到自己的生日礼物时，这个小女孩极其激动。设空处修饰形容词excited，应用副词作状语，描述其激动的程度。
5.Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse ________ （mass） amounts of data through multiple
layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain.
massive
解析 句意为：深度学习人工智能可以模拟人类大脑的复杂网络，通过多层次分析大量的数据。分析句子结构可知，设空处需用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语amounts of data；mass的形容词为massive，意为“巨大的；大量的”。故填massive。
6.Two people were arrested yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals into Europe from South
America ________ （legal）.
illegally
解析 句意为：昨天，两名从南美洲非法携带动物进入欧洲的人在巴黎的一个机场被捕。设空处需用副词作状语，修饰动名词短语bringing animals into Europe from South America。根据语境可知，此处表示“非法地”，故填illegally。
7.All of these human activities pose a real threat ___ the hummingbird population.
to
解析 句意为：所有这些人类的活动都对蜂鸟的数量构成了真正的威胁。a threat to… 为固定搭配，意为“对……的威胁”，故填to。
8.It is not unusual that an increasing number of species are being wiped ____ on Earth.
out
解析 句意为：越来越多的物种正在从地球上消失，这并不罕见。wipe out为固定搭配，意为“彻底毁灭”，此处为其被动形式。故填out。
9.Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame ____ the alarm clock.
on
解析 句意为：很多人认为早上起床很困难，并将责任归咎于闹钟。put the blame on sth为固定搭配，意为“将责任归咎于某事/物”。
10.Many young people, most of _______ were well-educated, headed for other regions to chase their
dreams.
whom
解析 句意为：很多年轻人，其中大部分是受过良好教育的，前往其他地区去追逐自己的梦想。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句。在“介词+关系代词”结构中，如果修饰的先行词为人时，使用关系代词whom；如果修饰的先行词为物时，使用关系代词which。句中的先行词为young people，故应用whom。
根据提示补全句子。
1.我们不能简单地以破坏我们仅有的栖息地为代价，来寻求工业发展中的高利润。（名词risk）
We can’t simply seek high profits from industrial development ___ ____ _____ ___ damaging our only
living habitat.
at
the
risk
of
2.据专家建议我们应当减少盐的日常消耗来保持健康。（cut）
It is advised by the experts that we should ____ ______ ____ the daily consumption of salt to stay
healthy.
cut
down
on
3.很多珍稀物种都面临着灭绝的威胁。（die）
Many rare species are _______ ____ ______ ___ ______ ____ .
facing
the
threat
of
dying
out
4.我们每个人在环境保护中都有自己的作用，都可以为世界带来改变。（role）
Every single one of us ____ ___ _____ ___ _____ ___ the career of conservation and can make a
difference to the world.
has
a
role
to
play
in
5.新的调查显示，我市高峰期的交通拥堵状况是非高峰时的三倍。（倍数表达法）
According to new research， in our city, the traffic in the rush hour is ______ ______ ________ _____
normal.
three
times
heavier
than
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.To those _____ have read the book, the young actors and actresses brought the characters alive again.
who
解析 句意为：对于那些读过这本书的人来说，年轻的演员们让书中的人物再次鲜活起来。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为those，指人，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导该从句。
2.[全国新高考Ⅰ2022] The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____
live within the Giant Panda Range…
that
解析 句意为：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫分布区内的所有物种提供更有力的保护…… 分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为species，指物,关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词前面有all修饰，应用that引导该从句。故填that。
3.The reason _____ I love Western music is that the piece of music named Fate Symphony by
Beethoven has inspired me a lot to move on when I am in difficulty.
why
解析 句意为：我之所以喜欢西方音乐，是因为贝多芬的《命运交响曲》这首音乐在我遇到困难的时候给了我很多激励，让我继续前进。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导定语从句，修饰名词reason，设空处在句中作原因状语，故用why引导该从句。
4.I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors, _______ can help them know more about Chinese
culture.
which
解析 句意为：我可以介绍中国绘画技巧给游客，这能帮助他们更多地了解中国文化。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句，即“介绍中国绘画技巧给游客”这件事，定语从句缺少主语，故填which。
5.In history, Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games is the first Games _______ all venues （场地） are
powered by clean energy.
where
解析 句意为：在历史上，2022年北京冬奥会是第一个所有场馆都由清洁能源供电的奥运会。本题考查定语从句，先行词为Games，属于抽象地点，从句不缺成分，故填where。
6.[全国甲2022·改编] The way _____ you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your
companions.
that
解析 句意为：你拿筷子的方式对于避免惹恼你的同伴很重要。本题考查定语从句，先行词为The way，表示“方式，方法”，后面的定语从句不缺成分则可以用that或in which来引导，也可以省去关系词，故此处填that。
7.The sushi bar, the walls of _______ painted navy blue, is indeed an ideal place for us office workers,
especially after work.
which
解析 句意为：寿司店的墙壁漆成了海军蓝，对我们办公室工作人员来说，尤其是在下班后，它确实是一个理想的地方。此处是“名词+介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是The sushi bar，指物，设空处作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。
8.Our school offers a variety of out-of-class activities, ________ which we all benefit a lot.
from/by
解析 句意为：我们学校提供各种各样的课外活动，我们都从中受益匪浅。本句是将介词提前的定语从句，由固定搭配benefit from/by… 可知，设空处应用介词from或by。
9.The National Half Marathon, _______ popularity is growing much stronger, has become our annual
sport gala.
whose
解析 句意为：全国半程马拉松已经成为我们一年一度的体育盛会，其受欢迎程度越来越高。分析句子结构可知，此处使用了非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词The National Half Marathon，在从句中作定语，故填whose。
10.____ it suggests, in baseball this means that a batter is out after making three unsuccessful attempts
to hit the ball.
As
解析 句意为：正如它所暗示的，在棒球运动中这意味着击球手在三次击球尝试失败后出局。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的整个主句，在从句中作宾语，所以应用as来引导该从句；设空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填As。
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 人与自然 词数： 175 难度： &1& 建议用时： 7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the last 500 million years, there have been five mass extinctions in which all species were
almost completely wiped out in Earth’s history. There are 1. . （vary） reasons for
extinctions, volcano eruptions, climate changes and asteroids hitting the Earth 2. . （include）.
According to the scientists, it is very likely that the sixth mass extinction is around the corner,
3. . is attributed to human activities instead of those normal natural causes.What’s 4. .
（bad）, the speed of extinction caused by human activities is 1,000 times faster than normal.
Generally speaking, human activities vary from overfishing 5. . factory farming. With a sixth mass
extinction 6. . （occur）, more than three quarters of all species 7. . （expect） to
disappear altogether. As 8. . result, the survival will be put at risk without water, air, forests and other
basic living resources.
varied/various
included
which
worse
to
occurring
are expected
a
9. . （fortunate）, there are many efficient and immediate steps we can take to avoid the
extinction before it is too late, like setting up natural preserve areas for wild animals. We also need to
develop greener and more natural resources. In 10. . （conclude）, small changes make a big
difference.
Fortunately
conclusion
1._____________
varied/various
解析 设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰reasons，可填varied，意为“各种各样的；形形色色的”，也可填various，意为“各种各样的；各种不同的”。
2._________
included
解析 分析句子结构可知，此处为独立主格结构，独立主格的逻辑主语为名词短语和动名词复合结构，此处表示“包括在内的”，应填过去分词included。
3._______
which
解析 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the sixth mass extinction，引导词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。
4._______
worse
解析 what's worse为固定表达，意为“更糟糕的是”，在句中作状语。
5.___
to
解析 from… to… 为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。
6._________
occurring
解析 设空处所在部分为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，该部分在句中作状语。With后的宾语a sixth mass extinction和动词occur之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故使用其现在分词形式。
7.____________
are expected
解析 分析句子成分可知，句中缺少谓语；根据上下文时态和语境可知，应使用一般现在时的被动语态，表示“预计”。
8.___
a
解析 as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果；因此”。
9.___________
Fortunately
解析 此处为副词作评注性状语，表明看法。
10.__________
conclusion
解析 in conclusion为固定表达，意为“总而言之”。
A[全国新高考Ⅰ2022]
体裁： 议论文 题材： 自然与环境 词数： 346 难度： &2& 建议用时： 7分钟
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula （芝麻菜） was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story.It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” （but quite eatable） vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished （有瑕疵的） produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think.“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
【语篇导读】本文通过叙述作者一次偶然的浪费食物的故事引出论证的主题——浪费食物不仅是道德问题，还会导致环境问题。文章最后给出建议，希望人们能够减少食物浪费。
1.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story ( )
B
A.We pay little attention to food waste. B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat. D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的I try to be mindful of food… 和I had unthinkingly bought way too much可知，作者并非故意浪费食物，而是因考虑不周买多了菜，最终导致食物浪费。作者通过亲身经历想表明我们有时会在不经意间浪费食物。故选B 项。
2.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text ( )
B
A.Moral decline. B.Environmental harm. C.Energy shortage. D.Worldwide starvation.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的That makes food waste an environmental problem.可知，浪费食物导致环境问题。故选B 项。
3.What does Curtin’s company do ( )
D
A.It produces kitchen equipment. B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits. D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen… which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.和by taking donations and collecting blemished produce可知，柯廷的公司旨在把有瑕疵的农产品变成健康的食物。故选D 项。
4.What does Curtin suggest people do ( )
A
A.Buy only what is needed. B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week. D.Eat in restaurants less often.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的by not purchasing more food than necessary和by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat可知，柯廷建议人们不要购买超出必要的食物并且在餐厅就餐时不要让其提供你不会吃的配菜，A项（只买需要的食物）符合柯廷的建议。故选A 项。
长难句分析
句意：生产无人食用的食物浪费了用来种植它的水、燃料和其他资源。这使食物浪费成为环境问题。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.be mindful of 记着（想着）某事，考虑到某事
2. end up doing sth 最终做某事
[安徽十校联盟2023高二联考] B
体裁： 说明文 题材： 环境保护 词数： 309 难度： &3& 建议用时： 8分钟
The Okapi Wildlife Reserve, located in the Democratic Republic of the Congo （DRC）, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home to one-sixth of the remaining wild okapi in the world. It protects many other wildlife species as well as one-fifth of the Ituri forest. But despite its status, the reserve is under threat from human activities.
Mining, deforestation （滥伐森林）, and illegal hunting are all threatening the reserve, and criminals have murdered several people, including forest guards, since 2012. Forest loss is expanding rapidly. In 2020, the most deforestation in the Okapi Wildlife Reserve since records began in 2002 was recorded via satellite data. Since 2002, the area has lost about 7% of its total forest cover. Most recently, satellite data shows deforestation along the Ituri River in late 2021, likely from illegal gold mining.
“These miners are literally eating the reserve out of its wildlife by hunting these animals for food. There is almost no wildlife left around the mine itself, and wildlife numbers are greatly reduced around mining towns,” said Gabriel Nenungo, a coordinator of geologists in Ituri Province.
Protecting the reserve is important for the endangered okapi and other wildlife that call the region home, but preserving the area’s forests is of particular significance in dealing with climate change.
“The forests of DRC, more than forests in the Amazon and in Asia, store carbon even in times of drought and rising temperatures,” explained John Lukas, co-founder of the Okapi Conservation Project.“Preserving the forests of Eastern DRC not only provides habitats for okapi, elephants and chimpanzees but gives humans time to adjust our source of energy to be more sustainable and carbon neutral （碳中和的）. Hopefully the Western world will financially support the countries of the Congo Basin to value their forests as sources of life and not just a kind of goods to be sold.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。刚果民主共和国的 狓野生生物保护区是 狓和众多野生动物的避难所，但近年来，该保护区受到采矿、偷猎、滥伐森林等人类活动的威胁。
1.What happened to the forests in the Okapi Wildlife Reserve ( )
C
A.Forest guards hunting. B.Mining via satellites.
C.About 7% of forest loss since 2002. D.One-fifth of wild animals leaving.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Since 2002, the area has lost about 7% of its total forest cover.Most recently, satellite data shows deforestation along the Ituri River in late 2021, likely from illegal gold mining.可知，自2002年以来，该地区的森林覆盖面积减少了约7%。故选C项。
2.Why has so much wildlife disappeared around the mines ( )
A
A.Wild animals are killed for food. B.The temperature there is very high.
C.The habitat is not suitable for wildlife. D.Wild animals are infected with deadly diseases.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的These miners are literally eating the reserve out of its wildlife by hunting these animals for food.There is almost no wildlife left around the mine itself可推知，金矿周围野生动物消失的原因是矿工们猎捕它们当作食物。故选A项。
3.Why is it particularly important to protect the forests in the reserve ( )
B
A.Gold mines are in the forests. B.The forests affect climate.
C.The forests are home to wild species. D.A good life can be led by selling trees.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 preserving the area's forests is of particular significance in dealing with climate change 可知，保护森林对改善气候有利。故选B项。
4.Which of the following might be the best title for the text ( )
D
A.Current Situation of the Okapi Wildlife Reserve
B.Gold Mines Found in the Okapi Wildlife Reserve
C.Protecting the Wildlife in the Okapi Wildlife Reserve
D.Endangered Okapi Reserve Threatened by Human Activities
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开头点明主旨，介绍了 狓野生生物保护区的重要地位，并说明保护区现在正受到人类活动的威胁；接下来几段分析了保护区受到威胁的原因和保护该地的重要性。全文都是围绕“ 狓野生生物保护区受到人类活动的威胁”这个主题展开，D项（濒危 狓的保护区受到人类活动的威胁）适合做本文的最佳标题。故选D项。
[浙江温州十校联合体2023高二期中] 体裁： 说明文 题材： 科普知识 词数： 233 难度： &4& 建议用时： 8分钟
Climate change has increased average temperatures by 1℃ over the past century, making heat waves more frequent and intense than those at any point in recorded history. . .1. . A study published in the journal Nature Climate Change found global warming responsible for 37 percent of heat-related deaths between 1991 and 2018.
The following is what happens if you’re the next to be killed. First, your brain sends a series of messages to your sweat glands （汗腺） telling them to increase sweat production. Then your heart starts beating faster to pump blood to the skin while blood flow is directed away from important organs like your liver, kidneys and gut （肠道）. . .2. .
If heatstroke occurs, your body might get hot and direct so much oxygen-rich blood to the skin that it suffocates （把……闷死） vital internal organs. If your body fails to cool you down, its internal temperature might start to climb from a normal level to about 40℃. . .3. . You may feel it start as a dull headache. Before long, you might lose consciousness. Your brain might begin to swell.
While you struggle to stay awake and avoid dizzying confusion, the excessive internal heat is damaging your gut, thus causing an inflammatory （炎症的） response. . .4. .
That’s just part of what we know about how extreme heat kills you. . .5. . A lot of what we know comes from studies on animal models, like mice and rats, or from examinations of people dying of heatstroke.
A.At that temperature, your brain becomes affected.
B.As the heat rises quickly, so does the number of deaths.
C.As temperatures tick ever higher, that figure may well rise.
D.That’s because we can’t study it in humans in the laboratory.
E.Surviving the organ failure might require an emergency transplant.
F.Sometimes, that alone is enough to create problems for a weak or aging heart.
G.If left untreated, what follows is a flood of organ failure that leads to your death.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了极端高温导致人类生病或死亡的过程。
1.___
B
解析 根据后文的A study published in the journal Nature Climate Change found global warming responsible for 37 percent of heat-related deaths between 1991 and 2018.可知，前文应该强调的是热浪造成死亡，即两者之间的正相关关系。B项引起下文，符合语境。故选B项。
2.___
F
解析 根据前文的Then your heart starts beating faster to pump blood to the skin while blood flow is directed away from important organs like your liver, kidneys and gut.可知，此处从热浪对身体各个器官产生影响的机理入手，对热浪如何会造成死亡进行分析，由此可知，后文应阐述该消极影响所产生的后果，故F项符合语境。其中，F项中的that指代前文内容。故选F项。
3.___
A
解析 前文的If your body fails to cool you down, its internal temperature might start to climb from a normal level to about 40℃.提到身体内部温度可能会从正常水平攀升到40摄氏度左右，A项指出身体内部温度发生这样变化的影响，即大脑开始感染。A项中的that temperature即前文中的40 ℃。故选A项。
4.___
G
解析 根据前文内容可知，第一段介绍了极端的炎热会使人死亡；从第二段开始，文章介绍了极端炎热导致人死亡的过程；再根据本段中的While you struggle to stay awake and avoid dizzying confusion, the excessive internal heat is damaging your gut, thus causing an inflammatory response.可知，本段介绍的是体内温度过高会损伤肠道，继而引发炎症反应。G项（如果得不到治疗，随之而来的就是许多脏器衰竭，最终导致死亡）承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。
5.___
D
解析 根据上文的That's just part of what we know about how extreme heat kill you.可知，关于极端高温如何会造成人类死亡我们仅仅知道其中的一部分，后文说这是因为我们所获得的很多信息都来自对动物样本的研究，因为我们不能对人类机体本身进行研究，D项解释了原因，承上启下，符合语境。故选D项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
intense adj.强烈的；剧烈的；紧张的
进阶词汇
1.consciousness n.神志清醒；意识；观念
2.swell vi.肿胀；膨胀
02
Lesson 2 War on Plastic Packets
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.As was reported, a collection of valuable stamps _____________ （wrap） in delicate handmade bags
in a stamp display last week.
was wrapped
解析 句意为：据报道，在上周的邮票展中，一批价值不菲的邮票被包装在精致的手工袋中。分析句子结构可知，设空处为主句的谓语，wrap与主语之间为被动关系，故设空处应用被动语态；主句主语中心词为collection，谓语应用第三人称单数形式；根据时间状语last week可知，此处表示发生在过去的动作，时态应用一般过去时。
2.Supermarkets call on __________ （consume） to take reusable bags with them.
consumers
解析 句意为：超市呼吁消费者自备可重复使用的购物袋。call on sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“呼吁某人做某事”。根据后面的them可知，此处应用复数形式。
3.There is a widespread ________ （anxious） about the overuse of plastic products in our daily life.
anxiety
解析 句意为：人们普遍对日常生活中塑料制品的过度使用表示担忧。设空处作主语，被冠词a和形容词widespread修饰，应填名词。
4.It is high time we raised the __________ （aware） of environmental protection of the public.
awareness
解析 句意为：现在是我们提高公众的环保意识的时候了。设空处作raised的宾语且被定冠词the修饰，需要填写名词形式。
5.The wrapping paper stops products ______________ （pollute） by fluids during transport, like water
or oil.
being polluted
解析 句意为：包装纸可以使产品在运输过程中免受水、油等液体的污染。stop sb/sth （from） doing sth为固定用法，意为“阻止某人/物做某事”，此处表被动，要用动名词的被动形式。
6.The next morning he hired a boat and set out ________ （find） the well-known painter.
to find
解析 句意为：第二天早上，他雇了一条船出发去寻找那位著名的画家。set out to do sth为固定用法，意为“开始做某事；着手做某事”，故填to find。
7.All too often, great words in a book end up ___________________ （turn） into cinematic “turkeys”.
turning/being turned
解析 句意为：很多时候，书中的精彩文字最终变成了失败的电影。end up doing sth为固定用法，表示“以做某事告终”，所以设空处应用动名词形式作宾语；turn （…） into… 表示“（使）变成”，既可作及物动词短语，又可作不及物动词短语，故填turning/being turned。
8.Immediate measures should be taken to do away _____ the disposable plastic products.
with
解析 句意为：（人们）应立刻采取措施摒弃一次性塑料制品。do away with为固定搭配，意为“摆脱；废除”。
9.We have put off the picnic until next week, ______ the weather may be better.
when
解析 句意为：我们已经把野餐的时间推迟到了下周，到那时天气也许会更好。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when。
10.Humans are not fully aware _____ environmental protection has been of great urgency.
that
解析 句意为：人类还没有充分意识到环境保护的紧迫性。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导形容词后面的宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分且语义完整，故填连接词that。
体裁： 说明文 题材： 净零能耗建筑 词数： 203 难度： &5& 建议用时： 8分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to the US Department of Energy, the specific definition of a zero-energy building is: An
energy-efficient building 1. . , on a source energy basis, the actual annual delivered energy is less
than or equal 2. . the on-site renewable exported energy. It harvests solar energy using panels （嵌板）
installed on the roof. When there is 3. . （sufficient） solar energy, the building will draw
energy from the power grid （输电网）. Over the course of the year, 4. . amount of energy taken
from the grid will be zero, achieving net-zero energy consumption.
Net-Zero Energy （NZE） buildings are a response to rapidly 5. . （rise） energy prices and
climate change. Currently, the development of several technologies critical to the support of NZE
buildings 6. . （advance） rapidly, namely PV panel efficiency, appliance efficiency etc. The
NZE concept can be applied not only to individual buildings but also to groups of buildings 7. .
（serve） by a renewable energy system.
where
to
insufficient
the
rising
is advancing
served
One 8. . （limit） of the NZE concept is that, at present it is difficult to apply to single-
storey buildings and virtually impossible to a multi-storey building.
Although there are difficulties in implementation, it appears that NZE marks a major shift in high-
performance green buildings, which 9. . （combine） extreme energy conservation and efficiency
with renewable energy systems 10. . （produce） buildings that are energy self-sufficient.
limitation
combines
to produce
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了净零能耗建筑的支撑技术和存在意义。
1._______
where
解析 句意为：根据美国能源部的定义，零能耗建筑具体指以一次能源为衡量单位，实际年能源消耗小于或等于现场可再生能源输出的节能建筑。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为An energy-efficient building;on a source energy basis为插入语；关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
2.___
to
解析 句意见上一题解析。be equal to为固定搭配，意为“与……相等”。故填to。
3.___________
insufficient
解析 句意为：当太阳能不足时，建筑将从输电网中获取能量。设空处修饰名词短语solar energy，在句中作定语，应用形容词；根据下文的the building will draw energy from the power grid可知，只有太阳能不足的时候，建筑才需要从输电网中获取能量，应填sufficient的反义词。故填insufficient。
4.____
the
解析 句意为：在这一年中，从输电网获取的能量为零就会实现净零能耗。此处表示“……的数量”，应用the amount of；an amount of表示“一定数量的……”。故填the。
5.______
rising
解析 句意为：净零能耗建筑是为了应对快速上涨的能源价格和气候变化。rapidly _______ energy prices and climate change作介词to的宾语，设空处作energy prices的定语，表示“上涨的”，rise与energy prices之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填rising。
6.____________
is advancing
解析 句意为：目前，对支撑净零能耗建筑至关重要的几项科技正在迅速发展，即光伏板效率、电器效率等。本句缺少谓语动词，根据语境以及时间状语Currently可判断，此处表示一段时间内正在进行的动作，时态应用现在进行时；主语为the development，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is advancing。
7._______
served
解析 句意为：净零能耗的概念不仅适用于单个建筑，也适用于由可再生能源系统服务的建筑群。分析句子成分可知，设空处作后置定语，应用非谓语动词，serve和被修饰词groups of buildings之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填served。
8.__________
limitation
解析 句意为：净零能耗概念的一个局限性是，目前它很难应用于单层建筑，也几乎不可能应用于多层建筑。设空处在句中作主语，其前有One修饰，此处应用单数可数名词；结合句意可知，此处表示“局限性；不足之处”，故填limitation。
9._________
combines
解析 句意为：尽管在实施过程中存在困难，但净零能耗似乎标志着高性能绿色建筑的重大转变，它将极度节能和效率与可再生能源系统结合起来以建造出能源自给自足的建筑。设空处在定语从句中作谓语，根据上文中的marks可知，此处表示一般性陈述，应用一般现在时；定语从句的关系代词指代前面提到的NZE，从句的谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填combines。
10.___________
to produce
解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处在which引导的定语从句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to produce。
A[江西宜春八校2023高二联考]
体裁：说明文 题材：环境保护 词数：327 难度： &6& 建议用时：7分钟
A highly expected project to get plastic out of the massive pool of ocean debris （垃圾） is ready to begin its first period from Alameda, California. The creators of the project, called The Ocean Cleanup, say their system can remove 90 percent of the plastic in the ocean by 2040.
It’s those larger pieces that the cleanup system will stop. The system features a 600-metre-long line of unmoored booms （未系泊的水栅） that act as an artificial shoreline travelling with the wind, waves and ocean currents while rounding up plastic debris. Beneath the surface, the booms drag a 3-metre-long skirt, through which only the tiniest bits of plastic can escape. Currents will naturally push the line of booms into a U-shape, herding plastic particles （颗粒） so they’re easier to collect.
The booms are also tricked out with solar-powered lights, anti-collision （防冲撞） systems and satellite aerials （天线） to avoid ships and help project scientists keep track of the system’s location. Periodically, support ships will cart the collected plastic bits back to land for recycling.
The launch of “System 001” will be a test for the first of a planned fleet of about 60 such systems. Once launched, System 001 will undergo two weeks of field testing off the California coast, says Lebreton, The Ocean Cleanup’s lead oceanographer. If all goes well, it will head to the North Pacific, arriving within five weeks of the launch date.“We’re hoping to bring the first plastic back before the end of the year,” he says.
The Ocean Cleanup representatives say their project is meant to work consistently with such upstream measures. Even while trying to change human behaviour, the team argues, it’s still worth trying to remove whatever is already out there floating near the surface.“The whole point is that we want to try to collect as much as possible,” Lebreton says.
Whatever the result of this deployment, some experts trying to tackle the plastic trash problem applaud The Ocean Cleanup for raising awareness of the issue.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一个备受期待的可以从大量海洋垃圾中提取塑料的项目的创建者表示，到2040年，他们的清理系统可以清除海洋中90%的塑料。
1.What can we know about the cleanup system ( )
D
A.It has been launched for several times. B.It’s also called The Ocean Cleanup.
C.People don’t think much of it. D.It may remove most large ocean plastic.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The creators of the project, called The Ocean Cleanup, say their system can remove 90 percent of the plastic in the ocean by 2040.和第二段第一句It's those larger pieces that the cleanup system will stop.可知，清理系统可能会清除大部分大型的海洋塑料。故选D项。
2.What’s the use of the skirt the booms drag ( )
C
A.Acting as a shoreline. B.Travelling with waves.
C.Collecting plastic particles. D.Pushing the booms’ line into a U-shape.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Beneath the surface, the booms drag a 3-metre-long skirt, through which only the tiniest bits of plastic can escape.Currents will naturally push the line of booms into a
U-shape, herding plastic particles so they're easier to collect.可知，水栅拖的挡板是为了收集塑料颗粒。故选C项。
3.What does the underlined part “tricked out” mean in Paragraph 3 ( )
A
A.Equipped. B.Filled. C.Covered. D.Poured.
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的with solar-powered lights, anti-collision systems and satellite aerials to avoid ships and help project scientists keep track of the system's location可知，这些水栅还配有太阳能灯、防碰撞系统和卫星天线以避开船只，并帮助项目科学家跟踪系统的位置，由此可猜测，画线部分的意思是“配有”。故选A项。
4.How do some experts view The Ocean Cleanup ( )
B
A.It’s vital for protecting the ocean from plastic waste.
B.It contributes to informing people of ocean pollution.
C.It’s far from perfect and needs improvement before use.
D.It has won applause from ocean-protection organisations.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段Whatever the result of this deployment, some experts trying to tackle the plastic trash problem applaud The Ocean Cleanup for raising awareness of the issue.可知，一些专家认为这个项目能起到让人们了解海洋污染问题的作用。故选B项。
[河南安阳2023高二段测] B
体裁： 说明文 题材： 人与环境 词数： 339 难度： &7& 建议用时： 8分钟
Minh Anh Ho is sitting beside a microscope. Her classmates are busy with other tasks. One is interviewing the mayor for a TV news station. Another is running the electric company. As a researcher for a company that repurposes plastic, Minh Anh Ho is studying a sheet of cling wrap （保鲜膜）.“It’s a really important job,” she says.“Plastic takes a really long time to disappear, so it would be good to come up with something else to do with it and not just throw it away.”
The learning centre where Minh Anh Ho and her class are spending their day is designed to introduce kids to working life. Students run an imaginary town, with each kid doing a different job in a different business. Each year, about 83% of all sixth graders in Finland go through the programme. It teaches them not just about business and working, but also, as Minh Anh Ho’s “job” makes clear, about the circular（循环的）economy.
Most societies have linear （线性的） economies, which operate on a “take, make, waste” model. Natural resources are taken from the Earth and made into products, which are usually thrown away if left over. In 2016, Finland became the first country to use a “road map” to a circular economy. This model focuses on the transformation of existing products. Businesses rely on recycled or repurposed materials and use fewer raw materials to make their products. That reduces the amount of waste going into landfills.
Education has always been a central part of Finland’s plan. Kindergarten director Liisa Woitsch is sitting on the floor with students and a broken wooden chair.“Do we just throw it away now,” she asks, “or can you think of anything else that can be done with it ” A little boy pounds on the chair. He says it can be used as a drum.
Anssi Almgren helped design the programme.“Children have so many great ideas,” he says.“We wanted to enable them to think about solutions. But changing a society by educating its youth takes time.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一名学生在学习项目中研究保鲜膜，从而引出主题——关于“循环经济”的教育。
1.Why does the author mention Minh Anh Ho’s study in Paragraph 1 ( )
A
A.To stress the importance of reducing plastic waste. B.To show how excited the student is.
C.To express his concern over the study. D.To praise the student’s concentration.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It's a really important job,” she says.“Plastic takes a really long time to disappear, so it would be good to come up with something else to do with it and not just throw it away.”可知，作者在第一段中提到这名学生在学习中心研究保鲜膜，其目的是向读者们强调减少塑料垃圾的重要性。故选A项。
2.How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 3 ( )
C
A.By providing reasons. B.By following time order.
C.By making comparisons. D.By giving examples.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Most societies have linear economies, which operate on a “take, make, waste” model.以及In 2016, Finland became the first country to use a “road map” to a circular economy.This model… 可知，本段通过将线性经济和循环经济进行比较来展开本段内容。故选C项。
3.What is the main purpose of a circular economy ( )
A
A.To reduce the waste of resources. B.To keep a higher living standard.
C.To increase the use of raw material. D.To discover new types of natural resources.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的This model focuses on the transformation of existing products.Businesses rely on recycled or repurposed materials and use fewer raw materials to make their products.That reduces the amount of waste going into landfills.可知，循环经济模式注重对现有产品进行转化，循环经济的企业依靠回收或再利用的材料以及使用更少的原材料来生产产品，这减少了进入垃圾填埋场的垃圾数量。由此推知，循环经济的目的是减少资源浪费。故选A项。
4.What is the text mainly about ( )
C
A.The lessons from a learning centre. B.An introduction to linear economies.
C.The education on the circular economy. D.Finland’s plans for economic development.
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一、二段对学习中心的描述，以及最后一段中的 “We wanted to enable them to think about solutions. But changing a society by educating its youth takes time.”可知，文章通过介绍一名学生在学习项目中研究保鲜膜，从而引出主题——关于“循环经济”的教育，即文章主要介绍了关于“循环经济”的教育。故选C项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.come up with 想出；提出
2.transformation n.转变
3.enable vt.使能够
熟词生义
pound 熟义：n.磅；英镑 生义：vi. & vt.连续重击 vi.（心脏）剧烈地跳动
词缀拓展
re- prefix 再；重新；恢复原状
repurpose vt.改变……的用途；把……用作其他目的
[全国新高考Ⅱ2022] 体裁： 记叙文 题材： 人物故事 词数： 202 难度： &8& 建议用时： 14分钟
Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it . .1. .. She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive . .2. ., but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel . .3. ..
They’re part of a new form of the . .4. . economy:an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in . .5. . homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s . .6. ..
It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully . .7. . their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to . .8. .. But house sitting also offers a level of . .9. . they can’t find in a hotel.“It’s like . .10. . at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
The couple has a high . .11. . rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s . .12. .. For Jessica, that means . .13. . plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house . .14. . and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house.“You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right . .15. .,” she says.
1.( )A.indoors B.online C.single-handed D.full-time
D
解析 根据下文She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.可知，这位25岁的年轻人和她的丈夫在过去的两年间一直在环游世界，即专职旅行。full-time意为“全职地；专职地”，符合语境。indoors意为“在室内”；online意为“在线地”；single-handed意为“独自”。
2.( )A.game B.service C.vacation D.procedure
C
解析 根据上文可知，杰茜卡在过去两年的时间里一直在专职环球旅行，所以这可能听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期。vacation意为“假期”，符合语境。service意为“服务”；procedure意为“手续”。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了杰茜卡和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的故事。
3.( )A.safe B.busy C.helpful D.affordable
D
解析 根据but可知，此处与上文构成转折关系，故本句表达了专职旅行可能听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们可以负担得起自己的旅行。affordable意为“负担得起的”，符合语境。
4.( )A.local B.private C.sharing D.agricultural
C
解析 根据下文economy: an online group of house sitters以及Throughout their no-cost stays并结合常识可知，此处指共享经济。故sharing符合语境。local意为“当地的”；private意为“私人的”；agricultural意为“农业的”。
5.( )A.strangers’ B.parents’ C.co-workers’ D.neighbors’
A
解析 根据上文可知，他们在环球旅行，所以他们是住在世界各地的陌生人的家里。故strangers'符合语境。
6.( )A.favor B.defense C.honor D.absence
D
解析 根据上文they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner's可推断，他们应是在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。absence意为“缺席；不在”，符合语境。favor意为“帮助”；defense意为“防御”；honor意为“荣誉”。
7.( )A.plan B.explain C.compare D.complete
A
解析 根据下文中的scheduling可知，此处表示他们认真计划旅行。plan意为“计划”，符合语境。explain意为“解释”；compare意为“比较”；complete意为“完成”。
8.( )A.buy B.transport C.choose D.please
D
解析 根据上文中的they feed pets可知，他们住在陌生人家里帮房主喂养宠物，由此可推知，此处指某些宠物有时很难取悦。please意为“使高兴”，符合语境。transport意为“运输”。
【知识拓展】please熟词生义
考生熟悉的please的意思为“请；请问”，作感叹词，用于客气地请求或吩咐。但please在此处意为“使高兴；使满意”。如：He is a difficult man to please.他是个难以取悦的人。
9.( )A.support B.comfort C.control D.attention
B
解析 根据下文It's like ____ at a friend's house可推断，照看房屋也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。comfort意为“舒适；舒服”，符合语境。support意为“支持”；control意为“控制”；attention意为“注意力”。
10.( )A.cooking B.staying C.waiting D.studying
B
解析 根据上文可知，他们环球旅行时住在陌生人的家里；再根据空前提到的好处可推知，此处指像是住在朋友家一样，非常舒适。stay意为“暂住”，符合语境。
11.( )A.success B.survival C.growth D.unemployment
A
解析 根据下文可知，杰茜卡和丈夫住在他人家里的时候做了很多事情，比如给宠物拍很多照片等，由此可推知，此处指他们被接受成为看房人的成功率很高。success意为“成功”，符合语境。survival意为“存活”；growth意为“生长”；unemployment意为“失业”。
12.( )A.budget B.abilities C.expectations D.understanding
C
解析 根据下文提到这对夫妇做了很多让房主开心的事情可推知，他们的成功率高是因为他们总是超出房主的预期。expectation意为“预期”，符合语境。budget意为“预算”；ability意为“能力”；understanding意为“理解”。
13.( )A.admiring B.donating C.sending D.borrowing
C
解析 根据上文可知，这对夫妇在房主不在家的时候帮忙照顾宠物，故此处应指把快乐的宠物的照片发给房主。send意为“发送”，符合语境。admire意为“钦佩”；donate意为“捐赠”。
14.( )A.clean B.open C.simple D.empty
A
解析 根据上文可知，他们在照看房屋，所以此处指他们会保持房子的清洁。clean意为“清洁的；干净的”，符合语境。open意为“开放的”；simple意为“简单的”；empty意为“空的”。
15.( )A.guess B.decision C.response D.impression
B
解析 根据语境可知，房主选择了他们当看房人，所以杰茜卡说他们想让房主觉得自己作了正确的决定。decision意为“决定”，符合语境。guess意为“猜测”；response意为“回应”；impression意为“印象”。
03
Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Bacteria are an _________ （annoy） problem for astronauts.
annoying
解析 句意为：细菌对航天员来说是个令人气恼的问题。设空处修饰名词problem，应用形容词。此处指事物的性质是“令人心烦的”，应用-ing形式的形容词，故填annoying。
2.Although running _________ （regular） can’t make you live forever, it is more effective at
lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
regularly
解析 句意为：尽管经常跑步无法使你长生不老，但是它却比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长寿命。设空处修饰动词running，应用副词作状语。
3.Human activities in all forms are speeding up the ___________ （destroy） of nature.
destruction
解析 句意为：各种各样的人类活动正在加速大自然的毁灭。speeding up后面缺少宾语，且设空处被定冠词the修饰，故填名词destruction。
4.He shakes with ______ （angry） on hearing his son has suffered from unfair treatment.
anger
解析 句意为：当听到他的儿子遭受了不公平的对待，他气得发抖。介词with后接名词作宾语。
5.He dropped behind other classmates this term, fully _________ （addict） to computer games.
addicted
解析 句意为：这学期他的功课落后于其他同学，缘于他完全沉迷于电脑游戏。此处为形容词短语作原因状语。be addicted to… 意为“沉迷于……”。
6.The largest conference room can seat 1,000 guests, making it the most ________ （suit） for major
conferences, award dinners and fashion shows.
suitable
解析 句意为：最大的会议室能坐1,000名宾客，最适合举办大型会议、颁奖晚宴和时装表演。根据句意和设空处前面的the most可知，设空处应填形容词，此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，设空处为形容词作宾补。故填suitable。
7.__________ （compare） to private cars, public buses are more friendly to the environment.
Compared
解析 句意为：与私家车相比，公共汽车对环境更加友好。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词作状语，compare 和主语public buses之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故使用其过去分词形式。
8.There is no exact answer, ___ is often the case in science.
as
解析 句意为：没有确切的答案，这在科学中非常常见。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，根据语境可知，此处表示“正如……”，故用as作关系代词指代前面提到的整个句子。
9.She and her family bicycle to work, _______ helps them keep fit.
which
解析 句意为：她和她的家人骑车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词为前面整个句子，故填which。
10.Corn production has jumped by nearly 125 percent over the past few years, ____________ rice has
increased by only 7 percent.
while/but/yet
解析 句意为：在过去的几年里，玉米产量增加了将近125%，而水稻产量仅仅增加了7%。设空处前后分别为完整的句子，前后语义构成对比或转折，故用while/but/yet连接两个并列分句。
根据提示补全句子。
1.你曾经经历过被困在严重的交通拥堵中的困境吗？（stick）
Have you ever experienced such a dilemma where you _________ ______ ___ heavy traffic jams
were/got
stuck
in
2.这位卡车司机已经在公路上连续驾驶六个小时了，他既疲惫又焦虑。（形容词作状语; stress）
The lorry driver has been driving on the highway for six hours in a row, ______________ _____
________ ____ .
exhausted/tired
and
stressed
out
3.气候变化和全世界日益增长的私家车数量紧密相关。（related）
Climate change ___ _______ _______ ___ the increasing number of private cars in the world.
is
closely
related
to
4.你应该做的是不要再为你的失败找借口。（excuse）
What you should do is to stop ______________ ________ ____ your failure.
finding/making
excuses
for
5.当遇到心理问题时，向专家寻求专业的帮助是一种明智的选择。（turn）
It is a wise choice to _____ ___ experts ____ professional help when coming across psychological
problems.
turn
to
for
体裁： 说明文 题材： 环境与交通 词数： 177 难度： &9& 建议用时： 7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the past several decades, the number of private cars 1. . （go） up at a soaring speed,
2. . （bring） varieties of problems to both human society and the environment. Take road
safety for example, 3. . average of 2,500 people die from vehicle accidents every year. Meanwhile,
greenhouse gases 4. . （emit） into air are the major cause of global warming and climate
change. As 5. . （individual）, is there something that we can do
6. . （obvious）, it is never too late to take immediate action. It is strongly advised
7. . （walk） or cycle for short journeys and to use public transport as much as possible. If we
really have to use a car, sharing cars with others is cheaper and 8. . （friendly） to the
environment. You play an important role in improving the disturbing situation. If your street is filled
9. . heavy traffic, many options are waiting for you, including writing to the papers, asking for a
speed limit and going to the city government. 10. . is expected, small personal changes will make a
big difference to the whole world.
has gone
bringing
an
emitted
individuals
Obviously
to walk
friendlier
with
As
1._________
has gone
解析 根据句首的时间状语In the past several decades可知，句子谓语应用现在完成时；主语为the number of private cars，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。
2._________
bringing
解析 句子已有谓语动词，与设空处无连词连接，由此判断此处应用非谓语动词形式。此处表示私家车数量增长带来的一些问题，应用现在分词作结果状语。
3.____
an
解析 “an average of+n.”为固定表达，意为“平均……”，其中average为名词。
4.________
emitted
解析 句中已有系动词are，与设空处之间无连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词形式。greenhouse gases和emit之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
5.___________
individuals
解析 individual既可作形容词，意为“个人的”，也可作名词，意为“个人”。此处为名词，应用复数形式。
6.__________
Obviously
解析 此处为副词作评注性状语。
7.________
to walk
解析 此处It为形式主语，and连接的并列短语作真正的主语，由and后的不定式短语可知，此处应填动词不定式。
8._________
friendlier
解析 设空处和cheaper为并列成分，故使用形容词的比较级形式。
9._____
with
解析 be filled with… 为固定搭配，意为“充满……”。
10.____
As
解析 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的一整句话，且从句位于主句前面，故填As。
体裁：说明文 题材：人与环境 词数：175 难度： &10& 建议用时：7分钟
[浙江台州2022高二期中]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is 1. . （common） known that the emission （排放） of carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases causes great effect on our planet. To control climate change, great efforts
2. . （make） across the world in the past few decades. In 1978, China began 3. .
national-level afforestation project—the Three-North Shelterbelt Program, also 4. . （know） as the
“Great Green Wall”. The project has seen trees planted in 13 provinces and autonomous regions of
northern China to act 5. . windbreaks （防风林）. The Kubuqi Desert in Inner Mongolia has also set
a good example to those 6. . （struggle） against desertification （沙漠化）. Now about 33%
of the Kubuqi Desert is covered with trees and bushes.
commonly
have been made
a
known
as
struggling
In September, 2020, China set new goals 7. . （deal） with the problem, aiming to have
carbon dioxide emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality （碳中和） before 2060.
Carbon neutrality 8. . （refer） to achieving zero carbon dioxide emissions. If China’s goal is
achieved, it will lower 9. . （globe） warming by around 0.2℃ to 0.3℃ alone, according to
Climate Action Tracker （CAT）. It is the biggest single reduction 10. . has been estimated by CAT.
to deal
refers
global
that
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国在控制气候变化方面所作的努力。
1.__________
commonly
解析 句意为：众所周知，二氧化碳和其他温室气体的排放对我们的地球造成了巨大的影响。设空处修饰谓语is known，应用副词。故填commonly。
2.________________
have been made
解析 句意为：在过去的几十年中，为了控制气候变化，全世界都作出了巨大的努力。根据时间状语in the past few decades可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语great efforts为复数，谓语动词应用复数形式；主语与make之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填have been made。
3.___
a
解析 句意为：1978年，中国开始实施国家级植树造林项目——三北防护林工程，也称“绿色长城”工程。project是可数名词，意为“项目”，此处泛指“一项国家级植树造林项目”，且national-level的发音以辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
4._______
known
解析 句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处与谓语动词之间无连词连接，应用非谓语形式，且project和know之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填known。
5.___
as
解析 句意为：该项目已在中国北方13个省和自治区种植树木作为防风林。act as意为“充当”，为固定搭配。故填as。
6.__________
struggling
解析 句意为：内蒙古库布其沙漠也为那些抗击沙漠化的地方树立了一个好榜样。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语形式，且those 和struggle之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填struggling。
7.________
to deal
解析 句意为：2020年9月，中国为解决这一问题制定了新的目标，力争在2030年前实现碳达峰，并在2060年前实现碳中和。此处应填不定式作目的状语。故填to deal。
8.______
refers
解析 句意为：碳中和是指实现二氧化碳零排放。设空处在句中作谓语，且是陈述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时；主语Carbon neutrality不可数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填refers。
9._______
global
解析 句意为：据气候行动追踪组织说，如果中国的目标得以实现，仅全球变暖就将降低约0.2℃至0.3℃。设空处修饰名词warming，应用形容词。故填global。
10._____
that
解析 句意为：这是气候行动追踪组织估计的最大单次降幅。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为 single reduction，从句缺少主语，且先行词被形容词最高级biggest修饰，所以应用关系代词that引导该从句。故填that。
A[河南南阳一中2022月考]
体裁： 议论文 题材： 人与环境 词数： 332 难度： &11& 建议用时： 7分钟
I had been living with Dino and his family, who lived and worked in the rainforest, for ten days or so. They were the “bad guys”, burning much of the western Amazon to turn it into cattle farms. They were also some of the nicest and warmest hosts. They are a family trying to survive in a very tough environment through hard work. Their view and understanding of the problems the Amazon faces are different from mine. I see the Amazon as an extraordinarily valuable life that should be treasured and protected at all costs—the world needs it, and we all need it. However, the Dinos see the Amazon as a vast, lasting resource that feeds them. After talking with them, I realised their respect for it was as deep as my own: They just saw it very differently.
Cattle farming in the Amazon is perhaps mainly responsible for the fires we are seeing now. It is an industry of cutting forest, burning it and turning it to cattle farms. Fires spread throughout the Amazon every year as a result of that practice. Putting cattle on the land means replacing trees with animals that produce damaging levels of greenhouse gases. This is just about the most stupid thing humans can do.
One morning after a fire, I returned to the land. I felt as though I had seen the blue smoke rise from those blackened tree trunks that remained upright, which are monuments to human stupidity.
The problems the Amazon faces are perhaps more complex now than ever before, but they are curable. We need to decide where and how we appoint and apply values based on sensible economic models that favour both the farmer and the forest. One of the issues facing the Brazilian Amazon now is a loosening of regulations by the current administration which has opened up more land for deforestation （毁林） and burning. This could be disastrous, both for the Amazon and the rest of the world.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述自己进入亚马孙雨林与当地居民居住的经历，思考和探讨了亚马孙雨林亟待解决的问题。作者认为巴西政府应该采取更严厉的措施来解决亚马孙雨林面临的问题。
1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about？( )
A
A.The consequences of cattle farming. B.The main cause of forest fires.
C.The causes of greenhouse gases. D.The importance of cattle farming.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的Fires spread throughout the Amazon every year as a result of that practice.Putting cattle on the land means replacing trees with animals that produce damaging levels of greenhouse gases.This is just about the most stupid thing humans can do.可知，由于这种做法，亚马孙雨林每年都会发生火灾。把牛放到土地上意味着用会产生有害温室气体的动物来代替树木。这大概是人类能做的最愚蠢的事情。由此可知，第二段主要讲述了养牛业给亚马孙雨林带来的后果。故选A项。
2.How did the author feel when returning to the land after a fire ( )
B
A.It helped the author recall his memory about the land.
B.It reminded us about our foolishness of destroying the land.
C.It’s not surprising to see the land destroyed by the fire.
D.It’s amazing to see the trees keep straight after the fire.
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的I felt as though I had seen the blue smoke rise from those blackened tree trunks that remained upright, which are monuments to human stupidity.可知，作者觉得好像看到了那些变黑的树干冒出的蓝烟，那些树干还挺立着，这是对人类愚蠢行为的见证。由此可知，作者在发生火灾后返回雨林，看到的景象提醒作者人类破坏土地的行为很愚蠢。故选B项。
3.What can we know according to the text ( )
A
A.The author and the Dinos respected the Amazon equally in different ways.
B.Cattle farming is not to blame for the fires happening in the Amazon.
C.The problems the Amazon faces are more complex and can’t be solved.
D.The Dinos are considered to be bad for burning the forest to make a fortune.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的After talking with them, I realised their respect for it was as deep as my own: They just saw it very differently.可知，在和迪诺及其家人交谈之后，作者意识到他们对雨林的尊重和自己对雨林的尊重一样深：他们只是看问题的角度非常不同。由此可知，作者和迪诺一家以不同的方式同样尊重亚马孙雨林。故选A项。
4.What should the Brazilian government do to solve the Amazon problems？( )
C
A.Prevent the deeds of burning. B.Offer more land.
C.Take stricter measures. D.Appoint economic models.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的One of the issues facing the Brazilian Amazon now is a loosening of regulations by the current administration which has opened up more land for deforestation and burning.This could be disastrous, both for the Amazon and the rest of the world.可知，目前巴西亚马孙雨林面临的问题之一是现任政府放松了监管，这对亚马孙雨林和世界其他地区来说都是灾难性的。由此可知，巴西政府应该采取更严厉的措施来解决亚马孙雨林的问题。故选C项。
长难句分析
句意：巴西亚马孙雨林目前面临的问题之一是现任政府放松了监管，使更多的土地遭受森林砍伐和焚烧。
B[天津耀华中学2023高二期中]
体裁： 说明文 题材： 介绍说明 词数： 336 难度： &12& 建议用时： 7分钟
A major new facility to pull CO2 out of the atmosphere has started operating in Iceland, which is a boost to an emerging technology that experts say could eventually play an important role in reducing greenhouse gases.
The plant in southwest Iceland is the biggest of its kind, its builder says. It is able to capture 900 tons of CO2 every year but it needs heat and electricity to work. It is using energy produced from waste and is built on the roof of a waste incineration plant, and through the burning of rubbish, energy is generated.
Human-sized fans are built into a series of boxes. They take CO2 out of the air, catching it in spongelike filters （过滤器）. The filters are blasted with heat, freeing the gas, which is then mixed with water and pumped deep into underground basalt large caves, where over time it turns into dark grey stone. Pumping CO2 into the ground is just one way to deal with it. The makers are also selling the gas to be used again. The CO2 can be captured just a few 100 miles away. It is pumped through an underground pipeline directly into a greenhouse. Vegetables and other plants love CO2 and higher concentrations of the gas within the greenhouse improve the growth of plants.
By 2050, humanity will need to pull nearly a billion metric tons of CO2 from the atmosphere every year through direct air capture technology to achieve carbon neutral goals, according to International Energy Agency recommendations. The plant in Iceland will be able to capture 4,000 metric tons annually—just a small amount of what will be necessary, but an engineer in Climeworks, the company that built it, says it can grow rapidly as efficiency improves and costs decrease.
“This is a market that does not yet exist, but a market that urgently needs to be built,” said Christoph Gebald who cofounded Climeworks.“This plant that we have here is really the blueprint to further increase the size and really industrialise.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型的二氧化碳捕集设备。
1.What do we know about the carbon capture facility from Paragraph 2 ( )
B
A.It is built at high altitudes. B.It uses waste to produce power.
C.It makes Iceland free of air pollution. D.It produces lots of heat during operation.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的It is using energy produced from waste and is built on the roof of a waste incineration plant, and through the burning of rubbish, energy is generated.可知，该设备建在垃圾焚烧厂的屋顶上，利用焚烧垃圾产生能量。故选B项。
2.What can we expect from the future carbon capture technology ( )
C
A.It will decrease the cost of energy production.
B.It can help reach the carbon neutral goals in advance.
C.It will speed up the reduction of CO2 levels in the air.
D.It may replace the traditional carbon storage system.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的By 2050，humanity will need to pull nearly a billion metric tons of CO2 from the atmosphere every year through direct air capture technology to achieve carbon neutral goals可知，未来的碳捕集技术将加速降低空气中的二氧化碳水平。故选C项。
3.What can be inferred from the passage ( )
A
A.The capture of CO2 in the atmosphere is able to kill two birds with one stone.
B.CO2 will be delivered to greenhouses after being turned into dark grey stones.
C.A major new market to pull CO2 out of the atmosphere has started operating.
D.The plants in Iceland greenhouses can capture a small amount of CO2 .
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的The CO2 can be captured just a few 100 miles away.It is pumped through an underground pipeline directly into a greenhouse.Vegetables and other plants love CO2 and higher concentrations of the gas within the greenhouse improve the growth of plants.可知，捕集二氧化碳不仅能够保护环境、减少污染，还有助于蔬菜和其他植物的生长，可谓一举两得。故选A项。
4.What is Christoph Gebald’s attitude towards building the plant ( )
D
A.Unclear. B.Neutral. C.Disapproving. D.Supportive.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的This plant that we have here is really the blueprint to further increase the size and really industrialise.可知，克里斯托夫·格巴尔德对此持支持态度。故选D项。
[河南中原名校2023高二联考] 体裁： 说明文 题材： 节约能源 词数： 224 难度： &13& 建议用时： 7分钟
Tips on Saving Energy
We all want to save money, and with the cost of living on the rise in the UK, it’s become more important than ever to watch what we spend. . .1. . We use oil, gas and electricity to power and heat our homes.That’s why many of us are looking for ways to save energy so we don’t have to pay for huge fuel bills.. .2. . To try to achieve this, new homes in the UK will be banned from installing new gas and oil boilers by 2025. Having a heat pump instead can help save energy, but they’re unaffordable for many people.
There are some low-budget solutions you can turn to to lower your energy usage. Warm air escapes from our homes easily, so adding draught excluders （密封条） or a towel to block these gaps will help. . .3. . Switching off lights is also a good idea.
But there are lots of other little things we can do around the home that will help save energy and don’t cost a fortune. They could be as good as installing, fitting or making anything. Put lids （盖子） on pots and pans when cooking—the food will be ready quicker. . .4. . Don’t overfill your kettle when boiling water. A combination of small measures like these could reduce household energy bills by about 10%.
So, we’re being encouraged to be more energy efficient. . .5. .
A.Use a microwave to reheat food rather than an oven.
B.Heat pumps and double glazing can be expensive to install.
C.Overfilling your kettle when boiling water will save energy.
D.The biggest increase in our expense at the moment is on energy.
E.Making our home more energy efficient is the obvious way to save money.
F.Besides, it will be worth using some heavy curtains to stop the heat escaping.
G.But our main aim isn’t just financial but also to reduce our carbon footprint, so that our energy usage doesn’t cost the Earth.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些节约能源的小技巧。
1.___
D
解析 根据上文中的with the cost of living on the rise in the UK及下文中的We use oil, gas and electricity可知，上文讲述英国生活成本上升，下文讲述能源的使用，所以设空处是过渡句，应提及能源费用。D项（目前我们开支中增加最多的是能源）承上启下，符合语境。
2.___
E
解析 根据下文中的To try to achieve this, new homes in the UK will be banned from installing new gas and oil boilers by 2025.Having a heat pump instead can help save energy, but they're unaffordable for many people.可知，英国的新住宅将被禁止安装新的燃气和燃油锅炉，使用热力泵可以帮助节约能源，但是许多人负担不起。由此可见，本段主要介绍的是节约能源，故E项（让我们的家更节能是显而易见的省钱方法）符合语境。
3.___
F
解析 根据上文中的There are some low-budget solutions可知，本段主要介绍了一些低成本的节约能源的方式, adding draught excluders or a towel to block these gaps及下文中的Switching off lights是具体的例子，F项（此外，使用一些厚窗帘来阻止热量流失是值得的）也是一种方式，符合语境。
4.___
A
解析 根据上文中的But there are lots of other little things we can do around the home that will help save energy and don't cost a fortune.可知，本段继续提出一些帮助节约能源的建议，且本段提到了pots、pans、your kettle，所以此处应与做饭这一日常生活相关，故A项（用微波炉重新加热食物，而不是用烤箱）符合语境。
5.___
G
解析 根据上文中的So, we're being encouraged to be more energy efficient.可知，最后一段是对本文的总结，G项（但我们的主要目标不只是经济上的，而是减少我们的碳足迹，这样我们的能源使用就不会对地球造成损失）是对上文的总结。故选G项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.on the rise 在上涨；在上升；在加剧
2.ban vt. 禁止；取缔 n.禁止；禁令
3.turn to 改用，开始使用；求助于
04
Writing Workshop—Reading Club 2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Marine pollution partly arises from varieties of ___________ （agriculture） rubbish.
agricultural
解析 句意为：海洋污染物一部分来自各种各样的农业垃圾。设空处修饰后面的名词rubbish，应用形容词。
2.Natural disasters have been ____________ （increasing） frequent in recent decades.
increasingly
解析 句意为：近几十年来，自然灾害变得越