北师大版 （2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit 5 Education Topic Talk &Lesson 1 Enlightening a Mind单元习题课件(共140张PPT)

(共140张PPT)
选择性必修第二册
Unit 5 Education
01
Topic Talk &Lesson 1 Enlightening a Mind
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The little girl can’t wait to open her gift with ___________ （excite）.
excitement
解析 句意为：这个小女孩怀着激动的心情迫不及待地要打开她的礼物。根据介词with的提示可知，设空处应用名词，作介词的宾语。
2.________ （initial）, he did not win the financial support from his parents.
Initially
解析 句意为：最初，他没有得到父母的经济支持。设空处置于句首，作状语，应用副词。
3.Only by finishing all the _______ （pain） training can you win the gold medal.
painful
解析 句意为：只有完成所有痛苦的训练，你才能获得金牌。设空处后面为名词，因此需要用形容词，作定语。
4.We should have sympathy ____ people in difficulty.
for
解析 句意为：我们要同情处于困境中的人们。have sympathy for… 为固定表达，意为“同情……”。
5.He recommended the young man ___ our firm and it is because of his recommendation that we have
an excellent worker now.
to
解析 句意为：他给我们公司推荐了一位年轻人，正是因为他的推荐，我们现在有了一名出色的员工。recommend sb/sth to sb为固定搭配，意为“向某人推荐某人/某物”，故此处应填介词to。
6.The young man insisted that he didn’t steal money and that he _________________ （set） free
instantly.
（should） be set
解析 句意为：这位年轻人坚称他没有偷钱，并坚决要求马上释放他。句中的and连接两个并列的宾语从句。insist作“坚称”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气；作“坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“（should+）动词原形”，且he和set之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填（should） be set。
7.In order to get his ideas ___________ （understand）, he explained his plans in as much detail as
possible.
understood
解析 句意为： 为了使他的想法被理解，他尽可能详细地解释了他的计划。get sth done为固定搭配，意为“使某物被……”，设空处需要使用过去分词形式，作宾补。
8.He is so eager to have his spoken English _________ （improve） that he practises it every morning.
improved
解析 句意为：他如此渴望提高英语口语，所以每天早上都练习。此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，设空处作宾补，应用非谓语动词，improve和his spoken English之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。故填improved。
9.We were walking along the riverbank ______ we heard someone crying for help.
when
解析 句意为：我们正在沿着河岸走，忽然听到有人哭喊着求救。本句考查固定句式sb be doing… when…，意为“某人正在做……这时/突然……”。
【知识拓展】when的其他常用句型
（1）be about to do… when… 意为“正要做……，这时……”。如：I was about to give up when my father came and inspired me to keep going.我正要放弃，这时父亲来了，激励我坚持下去。
（2）sb had （just） done sth when… 意为“某人（刚）做完某事，这时……”。如:I had just finished my work when she came in.我刚刚做完工作，这时她进来了。
（3）be on the point of doing… when… 意为“正要做……，这时……”。如:He was on the point of saying something when the phone rang.他正要说话时电话铃响了。
10.This is ______ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
what
解析 句意为：这就是我父亲教我的——永远要直面困难，并抱有最大的希望。设空处引导表语从句，在从句中作宾语，意为“……的东西”，故填what。
根据提示补全句子。
1.我们中的一些人渴望参加班级活动；另外一些人则紧张又焦虑。（eager）
Some of us ____ ______ ___ take part in the class activities; others are nervous and anxious.
are
eager
to
2.那些缺乏自信的人在面对令人沮丧的事物时常常会放弃。（tendency）
Those who are lacking confidence ______ ___ _________ ___ give up in the face of frustrations.
have
a
tendency
to
3.在认识几个简单的字词后，这个小孩对读书很感兴趣。（enthusiastic）
The little kid _______ ___________ ______ reading books after knowing some simple words.
was/is
enthusiastic
about
4.据建议，儿童使用电子产品的时间应该限制在每天半小时以内。（restrict）
It is proposed that the screen time for children _______ ____ _________ ___ less than half an hour a
day.
should
be
restricted
to
5.显然，残疾人正得到更多的来自社会的关爱。（apparent）
___ ___ _________ _____ the disabled are provided with more care and love from society.
It
is
apparent
that
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Getting this report ______ （do） in such a short time was quite a difficult job.
done
解析 句意为：在如此短的时间内完成这份报告是一项相当困难的工作。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“get+宾语+宾补”结构；do与report之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式作补足语，故填done。
2.Judy and I had our car _______ （park） in an underground car park near Trafalgar
Square, where we could get our car battery ________ （charge）.
parked
charged
解析 句意为：朱迪和我把车停在了特拉法尔加广场附近的一个地下停车场，在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。此处考查“have/get+宾语+宾补”结构。第一空前的our car和park之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应该使用过去分词作宾补，故第一空填parked；第二空前的car battery与charge之间也是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故第二空填charged。
3.He’s a good watch repairer and can get the clock ______ （go） again.
going
解析 句意为：他是个很好的修表师傅，能让钟重新运转起来。此处为“get+宾语+宾补”结构，此处go表示“运转”，go与宾语the clock之间为逻辑上的主动关系。故填going。
4.You should get your draft _________ （polish） before you hand in your composition.
polished
解析 句意为：你应该在交作文之前把草稿润色一下。polish作动词时意为“润色，修改”，polish和get的宾语draft之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填polished。
5.Who would you rather have ______ （copy） the passage, Tom or Alice
copy
解析 句意为：你想要谁来抄这篇文章呢，汤姆还是艾丽斯？ have sb do sth表示“让某人做某事”，此处为不定式作宾补，省略了不定式符号to。故填copy。
6.When his mother had him ____ （do） his homework, he decided to have the light ________ （burn）
all night to pretend to be working hard.
do
burning
解析 句意为：当他妈妈让他做作业时，他决定让灯整夜亮着假装努力学习。本题考查“have+宾语+宾补”结构。have sb do sth表示“让某人做某事”，设空处为不定式作宾补，省略了不定式符号to，故填do；第二空前的the light和burn之间为逻辑上的主动关系，且此处表示动作持续进行，应用现在分词作宾补，故填burning。
7.Don’t worry. I’ll have it ______ （type） and get someone ________ （send） it to you tomorrow.
typed
to send
解析 句意为：别担心。我会把它打印出来，明天叫人寄给你。it与动词type之间为逻辑上的被动关系，have sth done表示“让某事被做”，故第一空填typed；get sb to do sth表示“让某人去做某事”，故第二空填to send。
8.You can always get your writing ________ （check） by reviewers at the website Daily Themes
before you share it.
checked
解析 句意为：在你分享文章之前，你可以随时在Daily Themes网站上让评论者检查你的文章。分析句子结构可知，此处为“get+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，check和writing之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填checked。
【易混辨析】现在分词、过去分词和不定式作宾补的用法区别
（1）现在分词作宾补，表示主动和进行。I found those students studying very hard.我发现那些学生学习非常努力。（主动）I have kept you waiting a long time.我让你久等了。（动作持续进行）
（2）过去分词作宾补，表示被动和完成。He heard his name called.他听见有人叫他的名字。（被动）She felt a great load taken off her mind.她感到如释重负。（动作已经完成）
（3）不定式作宾补，表示主动和将要进行的动作。I'll get someone to do it for you.我将找人帮你做这件事。（主动和将要进行）
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 人物故事 词数： 186 难度： &1& 建议用时： 7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever heard some 1. . （inspire） stories of the disabled Helen Keller is one
2. . deserves to be mentioned. Helen, a well-recognised female author, had several strong
3. . （restrict） to her body. She could not read or write 4. . her early age, but later she
mastered several languages. Anne Sullivan, a teacher at a school for the disabled, played an irreplaceable
role in Helen’s growth and achievements. Anne adopted simple approaches to teaching, 5. .
（repeated） spelt new words by writing on Helen’s hands, and asked her to imitate these spellings. In
the beginning, Helen would not learn the words 6. . they could be touched, such as water, dolls，
etc. Gradually, her interest grew and she explored complicated and abstract words. In the process of
learning the word “think”, she struggled a lot and made breakthroughs by accident when 7. .
（finish） a small task. As for the word “love”, she felt 8. . （discourage） after trying
many times without understanding it. Despite many failures, Anne kept on encouraging her 9. .
（try）. Helen carried on thinking and suddenly realised it was as beautiful as the sun and clouds. It
was Anne that 10. . （enlighten） Helen’s mind and brought a broad world to her.
inspiring
who
restrictions
at
repeatedly
unless
finishing
discouraged
to try
enlightened
1._________
inspiring
解析 根据设空处后的名词可知，设空处需要用形容词作定语，修饰名词stories。inspiring意为“鼓舞人心的”，符合语境。
2._____
who
解析 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为one，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语。当先行词为one/ones且指人时，关系代词通常只用who。
3.___________
restrictions
解析 设空处前有strong修饰，作had的宾语，应用名词；且根据several可知此处应填名词的复数形式。
4.___
at
解析 at one's early age为固定搭配，意为“在某人很小的时候”。
5.__________
repeatedly
解析 设空处为副词，作状语，修饰动词spelt。
6._______
unless
解析 分析句子成分可知，设空处引导条件状语从句，应填unless，意为“如果不……”。
7._________
finishing
解析 根据提示词when可知，此处为时间状语从句的省略，从句省略了与主句相同的主语和be动词，即省略了she was，故设空处应填写现在分词finishing。
【知识拓展】状语从句的省略
在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，可以用省略结构。状语从句的省略必须具备两个条件：（1）从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it；（2）从句的谓语动词含有be动词。此时可以省略从句的主语和be动词。
8.___________
discouraged
解析 结合语境可知，此处指海伦在多次尝试后，仍无法理解“爱”的含义，内心感到沮丧。故填discouraged。
9._______
to try
解析 encourage sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故填不定式to try。
10.___________
enlightened
解析 分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句，强调句子的主语Anne；且本句陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填enlightened。
A
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 学校教育 词数： 279 难度： &2& 建议用时： 6分钟
Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said, “Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”
A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.
Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His toy constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a .downside.. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”
“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep ”
“Oh, sure.”
“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative, such as flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you ”
“Nobody. I do it.”
“Really—at night, when you’re asleep ”
“Sure.”
“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay ”
1.Why did the teacher use Tinkertoys in class ( )
A
A.To know more about the students. B.To make the lessons more exciting.
C.To raise the students’ interest in art. D.To teach the students about toy design.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.可知，作者在课上使用万能工匠这种玩具的目的是想要更多地了解学生。故选A项。
【语篇导读】五年前，作者在西雅图的一所学校教授艺术。新学期伊始，为了更多地了解学生，他要求学生利用万能工匠这种玩具创造作品。作者曾经发现一位十分有创造力的学生，并觉得他的创造力可以激发班上其他同学。
2.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3 ( )
D
A.He liked to help his teacher. B.He preferred to study alone.
C.He was active in class. D.He was imaginative.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence meant that… whose creativity would infect other students.可知，这个十分有创造力的男孩想象力极其丰富。故选D项。
3.What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean ( )
B
A.Mistake. B.Drawback. C.Difficulty. D.Burden.
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章第四段第二句I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.可知，作者冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的风险，说明鼓励这种思维方式也有不足之处。downside与drawback（缺点）意义相近。故选B项。
4.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams ( )
A
A.To help them to see their creativity. B.To find out about their sleeping habits.
C.To help them to improve their memory. D.To find out about their ways of thinking.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后七段中的对话内容，尤其是倒数第五段第二句The student would tell something wildly imaginative…和最后一段“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay ”可知，作者鼓励学生们说出自己最有趣的梦，并鼓励他们白天在课堂上要像晚上在梦里一样大胆地想象。作者这样做的目的就是让学生们看到自己的创造力和想象力。故选A项。
【长难句分析】
句意：他的存在意味着我在课堂上有了一个意想不到的教学助手，他的创造力会感染其他学生。
B
体裁： 说明文 题材： 语言学习 词数： 287 难度： &3& 建议用时： 8分钟
“Baby signing” classes established to improve language skills actually make little difference to children’s development, according to new research. Scholars claimed there was no evidence that the lessons—in which babies are taught simple gestures to communicate their everyday needs—enable children to talk quicker than others.
In a three-year study, it was claimed that the method could make mothers more responsive to their children’s behaviour but failed to actually increase babies’ vocabulary. An active home environment in which parents regularly talk to their children was much more effective, researchers warned.
Baby signing is now a multimillion-pound industry, with thousands of mothers and fathers paying for classes, books and DVDs. Young children are taught simple gestures for words and phrases to communicate their everyday needs, such as “milk” “more” “all gone” “food” and “tired”. It is claimed that the technique brings great benefits, including improving the relationship between mothers and children, helping language development and even increasing a child’s intelligence.
But research from the University of Hertfordshire has found no evidence that using baby signing helps to improve children’s language development. The scholars added, “Baby signing has become big business and mums, particularly first-time mums, or less confident parents feel the pressure to do it. Some even think ‘If I don’t do it and everyone else does, I must be a bad mother.’”
Nevertheless, baby signing experts barely sustained the findings. Wendy Moat, 45, who has been running baby signing classes for three years, said that the classes encouraged speech development, and might help develop a higher IQ. She said, “So many mums say that their children talk so well because they did baby signing when they were babies. Parents wouldn’t say it if they didn’t believe it.”
1.Which of the following may help improve children’s language skills ( )
B
A.Using simple words and phrases. B.Talking to them as much as possible.
C.Buying them more books and DVDs. D.Creating a serious home environment.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的An active home environment in which parents regularly talk to their children was much more effective可知，在活跃的家庭氛围中，父母尽可能多地和孩子交谈可能有助于提高儿童的语言技能。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项最新研究结果——为提高语言技能而开设的“婴儿手语”课程实际上对儿童的语言技能发展几乎没有什么作用。
2.According to Paragraph 4, what may cause some new mothers to choose baby signing classes ( )
A
A.They are influenced by others.
B.They are sure of the effects of the classes.
C.They don’t want to be looked down upon.
D.They don’t know how to teach their children.
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“… Some even think ‘If I don't do it and everyone else does, I must be a bad mother.’”可推知，一些新手妈妈选择婴儿手语课是受他人影响，是一种盲目跟风的行为。
3.What does the underlined word “sustained” in the last paragraph mean ( )
C
A.Obtained. B.Sought. C.Approved of. D.Figured out.
解析 词义猜测题。首先需要明确画线词后的the findings指的是第四段提到的研究发现，即赫特福德大学的研究发现没有证据表明使用婴儿手语有助于加快他们的语言发展。但根据提示词Nevertheless可知，婴儿手语专家的观点和研究发现应是对立的。因此可推知，sustain与approve of意思相近，sustain意为“支持”。
4.What’s the main idea of the text ( )
D
A.How to teach children to communicate effectively.
B.Baby signing classes increase children’s intelligence.
C.How to improve the relationship between mothers and children.
D.Baby signing classes fail to improve children’s language skills.
解析 主旨大意题。 本文是一篇说明文，文章第一段已明确给出本文主要话题——为提高语言技能而开设的“婴儿手语”课程对儿童的语言技能发展几乎没有什么作用。通读全文可知，下文所述的各项研究结果都围绕这一观点展开。因此本文主旨是婴儿手语课程不能提高儿童的语言技能。
【方法总结】如何概括说明文的主旨大意
说明文的文本通常具有文章结构清晰、层次分明的特点。在概括说明文的主旨大意时，要重点关注文章的首段和尾段，以及各段首句尾句。一般说明文会按照“总—分—总”或者“总—分”等结构来展开，主旨段落或者主旨句通常出现在文章或每一段的开头或结尾。只要找准文章的主旨段落和每个段落的主旨句，自然就能概括出文章大意了。例如第4题，根据第一段内容就能大概了解本文要介绍的内容；从第二段首句、第三段最后一句以及第四段的首句可知，全篇都是对第一段的展开说明和论证，本文为“总—分”结构，由此便可以根据第一段的关键信息得出答案。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.claim vt.声称；断言；索取
2. responsive adj.积极回应的；反应快的；灵敏的
体裁： 说明文 题材： 学习方法 词数： 252 难度： &4& 建议用时： 8分钟
[江苏苏州2023高二期中] If you dream of mastering a language, make the process more fun and
your learning more successful with these tips:
Find your motivation. Wish you had paid more attention in high school Spanish class 1. .
Perhaps all you wanted out of the class was a good grade, or to meet graduation requirements. These
factors are “extrinsic （外在的） motivators”, but the most successful language learners are “intrinsically”
motivated. 2. .
Pick your tools. It might take some trial and error , but you’ll figure out which resource works
best for you. Mobile apps combine your learning with games, so if you could easily spend hours
playing on your phone, you’ll likely find learning similarly addictive. 3. . Excellent textbooks, grammar
guides, and workbooks with answer keys let you see how you’re doing.
4. . Kids get it wrong all the time.They’ll say, for instance, that they “goed” to school and played
with other “childs”. Although kids often misapply the general rules, they gradually pick up on the
patterns and use them in new situations. Just bury yourself in your chosen language as much as you
can.
C
E
B
D
Try less. It seems contrary to common sense. 5. . So rather than stare fixedly at a vocabulary list,
run your eyes over the words while you listen to pure music. Or turn on subtitles （字幕） in the
language you’re learning even as you watch TV in your native language. But don’t devote your full
attention to them—just enjoy the show and absorb what you can. The less you stress, the more you’ll
be able to learn.
G
A.Do experiments.
B.And don’t forget books.
C.Consider why you didn’t.
D.Don’t sweat your mistakes.
E.So pick a language you are excited to use.
F.That is what successful language learners do.
G.But you’re more likely to pick up a language when you aren’t highly focused.
【语篇导读】文章给出了四条建议，让掌握一种语言的过程更有趣，让你的语言学习更成功。
1.___
C
解析 上文中的Wish you had paid more attention in high school Spanish class 是虚拟语气结构，说明有些人在高中时并没有在课上花更多心思，而下文中的Perhaps all you wanted out of the class was a good grade, or to meet graduation requirements.则给出了当时没花心思的可能的原因，所以C项（想想你为什么没有）可以很好地起到承上启下的作用，符合语境。
2.___
E
解析 根据本段主题句可知，本段主要说明要找到你的动力，空前的but the most successful language learners are “intrinsically” motivated说明要找到（学习的）内在动力，E项（所以选择一种你喜欢使用的语言）即为一种内在动力。故选E项。
3.___
B
解析 下文中的Excellent textbooks, grammar guides, and workbooks with answer keys let you see how you're doing.介绍了可以使用的书籍的具体分类，所以设空处应该推荐使用书籍。B项（不要忘了书籍）符合语境。
4.___
D
解析 根据设空处的位置并分析文章结构可知，此处为本段的主题句，且应为祈使句。空后描述孩子们在使用语言时经常会犯错，但是他们会逐渐掌握这些模式，由此告诉人们要专心于自己选择的语言，不要担心会犯错，最终会像孩子学习语言一样逐渐掌握语言规则。D项（不要担心你会犯错）能够概括本段内容。
5.___
G
解析 根据上文中的Try less.It seems contrary to common sense.可知，本段建议人们少努力，虽然似乎有悖常理，但这样的建议是有道理的，G项（但当你的注意力不是高度集中的时候，你更有可能学会一门语言）给出了答案，说明了这样建议的原因：不要太过于关注语言学习，放松下来效果可能会更好。故选G项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.master vt.掌握；精通；控制（情绪） n.大师；能手
2.combine… with… 把……与……结合
3.bury oneself in… 埋头做某事
进阶词汇
trial and error反复试验；不断摸索
02
Lesson 2 The Objectives of Education
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.We are asked to put great emphasis on the ___________ （acquire） of practical skills.
acquisition
解析 句意为：我们被要求重视实际技能的获得。根据设空处前的定冠词the和后面的介词of可知，此处应用acquire的名词形式，作介词on的宾语。
2.He had been hanging around aimlessly in the ___________ （surround） town for the whole day.
surrounding
解析 句意为：他已经漫无目的地在附近的镇上闲逛一整天了。设空处作定语修饰后面的名词town，应用surround的形容词形式。
3.A graduate with sound ______________ （judge） is more competitive in the job market.
judg（e）ment
解析 句意为：一个判断力强的毕业生在就业市场中会更有竞争力。设空处作with的宾语，且被形容词sound修饰，应用名词judg（e）ment。
4.The top priority of education is to cultivate a sense of _____________ （responsible） among the
students.
responsibility
解析 句意为：教育的首要任务是培养学生的责任感。设空处应用名词作介词of的宾语。“a sense of+n.”为固定表达，意为“……感”。
5.The two boys have taken the opposite directions ___________ （respective） for exploring the right
path to the exit.
respectively
解析 句意为：这两个男孩各自走向了相反的方向，以寻找通往出口的正确路线。设空处应用副词作状语，修饰谓语。
6.Regardless ___ a severe lack of experience, he still applied for that challenging job.
of
解析 句意为：尽管严重缺乏经验，他还是申请了那份有挑战性的工作。regardless of为固定表达，意为“不管，不顾”。
7.This young man contributed himself ___ helping those exposed to the disaster.
to
解析 句意为：这名年轻人投身于救助受灾人员的工作。contribute oneself to doing sth为固定搭配，意为“投身于做某事”，其中to为介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填to。
8.Successful education enables the young generations __________ （behave） with integrity.
to behave
解析 句意为：成功的教育使年轻一代能够正直行事。enable sb to do sth为固定表达，意为“使某人能做某事”，to do 在该结构中作宾补。
9.___ matters a lot to stimulate the learning interest of the students.
It
解析 句意为：激发学生的学习兴趣，这一点尤为重要。设空处应用It作形式主语，后面的不定式结构为句子真正的主语。
10.Being a teacher is not only about passing knowledge, ____ about providing more new possibilities for
the students’ future.
but
解析 句意为：做一名老师不仅要传授知识，而且要为学生的未来提供更多的新的可能性。分析句子结构可知，本句考查not only… but （also）… 结构,意为“不仅……而且……”。
体裁： 说明文 题材： 学校教育 词数： 197 难度： &5& 建议用时： 7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Does the university you attend or the major you choose determine your success in the future
According to a recent survey 1. . （conduct） by China Youth Daily , 48.6% of
participants believe that the university one goes to 2. . （play） an important role in 3. .
（shape） their future. On the other hand, 33.8% of people hold the view that it’s what you do at
university 4. . matters.
For Fu Chenxi, an economics major at the University of Alberta, Canada, a prestigious university
does bring many unseen 5. . （benefit）.“Without access 6. . academic training, lectures and
experiences of different clubs in college, I wouldn’t have got my first internship successfully in a
leading commercial bank,” he said.
7. . , Chen Yufei, 20, who studies Japanese at Tianjin University of Science & Technology,
believes that choosing the right major has much more 8. . （weigh） than choosing a good
university.
Both the university and one’s major are important, but they don’t 9. . （necessary）
determine your life, according to Chu Zhaohui, 10. . researcher of the National Institute of Education
Sciences.It’s what one has learnt and how he has been cultivated that’s the most important.
conducted
plays
shaping
that
benefits
to
However
weight
necessarily
a
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。根据《中国青年报》最近的一项调查，多数人认为人们就读的大学对未来起着重要作用。但是中国教育科学研究院的研究人员称大学和专业同等重要，但是它们未必会决定一个人的人生。
1.__________
conducted
解析 句意为：根据《中国青年报》最近的一项调查，48.6%的受访者认为人们所就读的大学对他们未来的发展起着重要的作用。设空处修饰a recent survey，作后置定语，应用非谓语动词；survey和conduct之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词，故填conducted。
2.______
plays
解析 句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词；结合语境和believe可知，从句应用一般现在时，从句主语the university是第三人称单数，从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式，故填plays。
3.________
shaping
解析 介词in后的动词应用动名词形式，故填shaping。
4._____
that
解析 从句部分为强调句型 “it is+被强调部分+that+其他部分”，此处强调了主语从句what you do at university。故填that。
5.________
benefits
解析 benefit既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词。根据空前的many可知，此处应用名词复数。故填benefits。
6.___
to
解析 access to是固定搭配，意为“接触……的机会”。故填to。
7._________
However
解析 上一段举例强调好的大学带来的好处，设空处所在段落则举例强调好的专业的重要性，前后形成转折关系，故填However。
8._______
weight
解析 设空处作has的宾语，应用名词，结合语境可知，此处表示“选对专业比选一个好的大学重要得多”，weight意为“重要性”时为不可数名词。故填weight。
9.___________
necessarily
解析 此处应用副词修饰动词determine。not necessarily为固定搭配，意为“不一定”。故填necessarily。
10.___
a
解析 此处泛指“一名中国教育科学研究院的研究员”，应用不定冠词，researcher的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a修饰。故填a。
长难句分析
句意：根据《中国青年报》最近的一项调查，48.6%的受访者认为人们所就读的大学对他们未来的发展起着重要的作用。
A[福建龙岩一级校联盟2023高二期中]
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 人物传记 词数： 289 难度： &6& 建议用时： 8分钟
George Shull was born in 1874 on a farm in Clark County, Ohio, and his knowledge of plants and hybrids came at an early age. Being needed on the farm, Shull received his early formal education ..off and on.. However, it was supplemented （增补） by intensive home study so that by 1892 he was teaching in a public school, and later attending Antioch College.
In 1901, he graduated from Antioch and went to the University of Chicago to do graduate work. With his knowledge of botany and experience with farming practice, Shull passed a Civil Service exam, and was appointed as a botanical assistant at the U.S. National Herbarium. He also worked at the Bureau of Plant Industry as a botanical expert examining the plants and animals of Chesapeake Bay and Currituck Sound. The data he collected during this time was to comprise his PhD thesis （论文）. And in 1904 he was appointed to be in charge of plant work at the Station for Experimental Evolution.
He began working on corn in 1905. Following Gregor Mendel’s example, Shull obtained purebred （纯种的） lines of corn through self-pollination （自花授粉）. The purebred lines were less healthy and productive, but when he crossed the purebred lines, the hybrid yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields. He immediately recognised the potential for using this strategy to improve crop yields.
In 1915, Shull accepted a professorship at Princeton University. With his encouragement, Princeton University Press began the publication of a new journal, Genetics . Shull was the managing editor for about ten years. Genetics is still one of the top international science journals.
Shull retired in 1942. He and his wife spent most of their later years with their children and grandchildren.
【语篇导读】文章讲述了著名植物学家乔治·沙尔的学习和工作经历以及重要成就。
1.What does the underlined part “off and on” in Paragraph 1 mean ( )
D
A.Not surprisingly. B.Very formally. C.Very excellently. D.Not regularly.
解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句中的Being needed on the farm可知，乔治·沙尔小时候需要做农活，所以无法正常接受正规教育。由此可推知，off and on意为“断断续续地；时不时地”。故选D项。
2.What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about ( )
C
A.George Shull’s contributions. B.George Shull’s research.
C.George Shull’s work experience. D.George Shull’s education.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句With his knowledge of botany and experience with farming practice, Shull passed a Civil Service exam, and was appointed as a botanical assistant at the U.S.National Herbarium.和第二段最后一句And in 1904 he was appointed to be in charge of plant work at the Station for Experimental Evolution.可知，第二段主要是讲乔治·沙尔的工作经历。故选C项。
3.What was so special about Shull’s method of corn breeding ( )
D
A.It completely relied on self-pollination. B.It was first published in Genetics .
C.It was widely accepted in Ohio. D.It focused on crossing purebred lines.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的The purebred lines were less healthy and productive, but when he crossed the purebred lines, the hybrid yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields.He immediately recognised the potential for using this strategy to improve crop yields.可知，沙尔的玉米育种方法的特殊之处在于专注杂交纯种品种。故选D项。
4.How does the author mainly develop the text ( )
B
A.By giving examples. B.By following time order.
C.By making comparisons. D.By presenting a scientific study.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句George Shull was born in 1874…，第二段第一句In 1901, he graduated from Antioch and went to the University of Chicago to do graduate work.，第三段第一句He began working on corn in 1905.，第四段第一句In 1915, Shull accepted a professorship at Princeton University.和最后一段中的Shull retired in 1942.可知，这篇文章是按照时间顺序进行叙述的。故选B项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
appoint vt.任命；委派；约定
进阶词汇
comprise vt.组成；构成;包含；包括
B[辽宁沈阳市郊联体2022高二期中]
体裁： 说明文 题材： 生活方式 词数： 296 难度： &7& 建议用时：8分钟
It’s normal for teens to want to stay connected with their social circle, but what about that happening in the middle of the night Journal of Youth Studies recently published new research showing that one in five teens from 12 to 15 regularly wake to spend all night on social media. Not surprisingly, the research also showed that these social . .night owls. . were three times more likely than others to feel tired at school and that girls were more likely than boys to be called to the teacher’s office.
The blue light produced by cellphones and computers makes the brain to stay awake, so it’s easy to see why a teen might be up all night. A study in Psychological Science showed the same brain reaction: When teens saw large numbers of “likes” on their posts, they stayed awake with excitement as if they had eaten chocolates or won money. Besides not catching up on sleep and interrupting their sleep cycle, teens may never fully enter deep sleep that may be responsible for brain development and learning.
Considering about 72% of children from 6 to 17 sleep with some electronic media in their bedrooms, parents need to set rules sooner rather than later.
“Providing access to social media is a favour that children can earn and also lose,” Janie Feldman, an expert who treats sleep disorders （紊乱）, reminds parents.“The bad effect is clear, so teens and parents should discuss and agree on its use, timing and access. When teenagers agree to the rules, it’s easier for parents to control how much time they use the phones or computers.”
1.What does the underlined part “night owls” in Paragraph 1 refer to ( )
B
A.Girls who are often called to the teacher’s office.
B.Teens who stay up late on social media.
C.Teens who are busy with their homework at night.
D.Boys regularly waking in the middle of the night.
解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的one in five teens from 12 to 15 regularly wake to spend all night on social media可知，night owls是指“将整夜的时间都花在社交媒体上的青少年”。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。最近的一项新研究表明，12至15岁的青少年中有五分之一的人经常把整夜的时间都花在社交媒体上。睡眠问题会影响青少年的大脑发育和他们的学习。
2.How do teens react when seeing many “likes” on their posts according to the study ( )
A
A.They are too excited to go to sleep. B.They fall asleep easily and happily.
C.They are tired of going to school. D.They decide to make more good friends.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的When teens saw large numbers of “likes” on their posts, they stayed awake with excitement可知，当青少年看到自己的帖子有大量的“赞”时，他们会因为兴奋而无法入睡。故选A项。
3.What suggestion does Janie Feldman give to parents ( )
A
A.Making rules of access to the media together with their children.
B.Getting their children to do homework through computers.
C.Encouraging their children to stay connected with online friends.
D.Stopping their children from using cellphones.
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的teens and parents should discuss and agree on its use, timing and access可知，贾妮·费尔德曼建议父母应该和孩子一起讨论和商定使用社交媒体的一些规则，如使用时间和使用权利等。故选A项。
4.What is the main idea of the text ( )
D
A.Deep sleep makes a big difference to brain development.
B.Kids are trying to win back the trust of their parents.
C.Social media may have a bad effect on all kinds of people.
D.Social media may cause teens sleep disorders.
解析 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一项新的研究：很多青少年经常熬夜，把整夜的时间都花在社交媒体上。手机和电脑产生的蓝光使大脑保持清醒，使他们难以入睡。因此文章的主要观点与社交媒体和青少年睡眠的关系有关，即社交媒体可能会引起青少年睡眠紊乱。故选D项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
be responsible for 成为……的起因；对……有责任
进阶词汇
catch up on 弥补（工作、睡眠等）；赶做（未完成的事）
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 个人经历 词数： 240 难度： &8& 建议用时： 13分钟
[河北张家口一中2022高二开学考试] I was born blind. Of all the stories of my early childhood, the one about a tree is my mother’s favourite.
I was only two when the . .1. . occurred. We had just arrived home from a trip. Mum lifted me out of the car and . .2. . to speak to the driver. I took advantage of my brief . .3. . to dash across the lawn （草坪）—and hit a large maple tree! I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and . .4. . on my backside. Mum expected me to start crying, but I just sat there for a minute. Then I . .5. . myself up and kept right on going. Mum always . .6. . here that, as many times as I . .7. . across the lawn after that, I never again crashed into that tree.
Mum loves to use this story as an example. It reminds her that children don’t enter life . .8. . to take risks or unwilling to . .9. . again when they fall down. She never wanted me to lose the . .10. . as I grew older. When I . .11. . my major life decisions, I was still that little girl tearing full-speed across the lawn. I studied abroad and later moved away from my parents’ home to look for a job. Through years of . .12. ., I have become a respected teacher in a school serving high-need students.
We are almost certain to get . .13. . at some point during the process of achieving our goal. When that happens, don’t sit in the grass and . .14. .. Just get up and keep on going. It will all be worth it . .15. ..
【语篇导读】作者生来便是盲人，小的时候有一次不小心撞到了一棵树，但作者没有哭，而是站起来继续往前走。这种不怕冒险、遇到挫折仍勇于前进的精神一直伴随着作者的生活、学习和工作。
1.( )A.incident B.change C.illness D.problem
A
解析 根据下文内容可知，下文讲述的是上文提到的“故事”的具体经过，所以此处表示当这个事件 （incident）发生时，作者只有两岁。
2.( )A.feared B.refused C.forgot D.turned
D
解析 根据空前的Mum lifted me out of the car和下文提到作者独自跑开可知，此处应该是作者的妈妈抱作者下车后就转身 （turned） 去和司机说话了。
3.( )A.delay B.absence C.freedom D.rest
C
解析 根据上文提到的作者的妈妈在和司机说话（没有管作者），以及空前的took advantage of和空后的dash可知，作者应该是趁妈妈不注意时，即获得短暂的自由（freedom）时，冲向了草坪。
4.( )A.landed B.slept C.laughed D.wept
A
解析 根据空前的I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk可知，作者跑得太快以至于撞上了树干。由此可知，作者被弹开后一屁股坐到了地上。land on one's backside意为“某人（摔倒后）屁股着地”。
5.( )A.woke B.picked C.warmed D.gave
B
解析 根据上文中的I just sat there for a minute和空后的 kept right on going以及最后一段倒数第二句Just get up and keep on going.可知，此处应该是指作者从地上站起来。pick oneself up 意为“（跌倒后）站起来”，符合语境。wake up 意为“叫醒”；warm up 意为“（使）变暖”；give up 意为“放弃”。
6.( )A.adds B.replies C.admits D.supposes
A
解析 由下文提到作者穿过草坪很多次但再也没有撞到过那棵树可知，下文为故事的后续，所以此处应表示作者的妈妈总会继续补充说。add意为“补充说；继续说”。
7.( )A.drove B.lived C.stood D.zoomed
D
解析 由语境可知，此处与上文中的dash across the lawn相呼应，设空处应与dash意思相近。zoom意为“快速移动;迅速前往”，符合语境。
8.( )A.able B.ashamed C.afraid D.anxious
C
解析 根据空后的or unwilling to和语境可推知，此处表示害怕去冒险。
9.( )A.ask B.share C.learn D.try
D
解析 根据空后的when they fall down与最后一段倒数第二句Just get up and keep on going.可推知，此处表示再次尝试 （try）。
10.( )A.honesty B.toughness C.kindness D.curiosity
B
解析 根据第二段中作者撞到树后没有害怕，而是继续前行且再也没有撞到过那棵树可知，作者的妈妈希望作者不要丢失这种坚韧不拔 （toughness） 的精神。
11.( )A.regretted B.reviewed C.made D.explained
C
解析 根据语境可知，此处表示作者作重大的人生决定时。make a decision是固定搭配，意为“作出决定”。
12.( )A.memories B.efforts C.research D.experience
B
解析 根据本句后半部分中的I have become a respected teacher可知，作者后来成了一位受尊敬的老师，这是需要多年的努力 （efforts） 才能做到的。
13.( )A.mixed up B.fed up C.knocked down D.settled down
C
解析 根据上文作者的故事和下文中的When that happens, don't sit in the grass… 可知，此处表示我们在实现目标的过程中几乎都会遭遇一些挫折。knock down意为“撞倒”，此处喻指受挫。
14.( )A.play B.relax C.dream D.cry
D
解析 根据语境可知，此处表示当遇到挫折时，不要坐在草地上哭,与第二段中的Mum expected me to start crying相呼应。
15.( )A.all at once B.in the end C.in either case D.as a result
B
解析 通读全文可知，此处作者表明观点：只要不怕失败，坚持不懈，勇往直前，最终（你所付出的努力）会是值得的。in the end 意为“最后；最终”，符合语境。all at once意为“突然”；in either case意为“（两种情况中的）任何一种情况”；as a result意为“结果”。
03
Lesson 3 Understanding
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He felt depressed that he lost the ______________ （approve） of his old colleagues.
approval（s）
解析 句意为：失去老同事们的认可，这让他感到沮丧。设空处作lost的宾语，根据句意和设空处前的定冠词the可知，设空处应用名词。approval意为“认可”时既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，故填approval（s）。
2.It is believed that folk idioms tend to bear much ________ （wise）.
wisdom
解析 句意为：人们认为民间惯用语通常富含智慧。根据空前的bear可知，设空处应用名词，作bear的宾语。
3.We have found the solid theory ________ which our new plan is based.
on/upon
解析 句意为：我们已经找到了支持我们新计划的可靠的理论。根据句子成分划分可知，设空处和which共同引导定语从句，be based on/upon为固定搭配，故设空处需用介词on/upon。
4.The new proposal is worthy ____________ （take） into serious consideration.
to be taken
解析 句意为：这项新的提议值得认真考虑。be worthy to be done为固定搭配，意为“值得被……”。
5.The village, __________ （abandon） here for a long time, used to be a busy place.
abandoned
解析 句意为：这个村庄废弃了很长一段时间，它在过去是个热闹的地方。分析句子结构可知，abandon在句中应用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语The village之间为被动关系，设空处应用过去分词作定语。故填abandoned。
6.The engine won’t start. Something seems _____________ （go） wrong with it.
to have gone
解析 句意为：发动机发动不起来，似乎是出了什么毛病。连系动词seem后接to have done，表示“似乎已经做/发生了……”，符合句意，故填to have gone。
7.It ___________ （assume） that such kind of stress is caused by too much work.
is assumed
解析 句意为：人们普遍认为，这种紧张是工作过重所致。设空处考查非人称转述结构It is said/reported/assumed that…。
8.Experts urged that immediate action ___________________ （take） to protect the sea from being
polluted.
（should） be taken
解析 句意为：专家强烈要求立即采取行动来保护海洋不受污染。urge意为“敦促；强烈要求”，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“（should+）动词原形”；action与take之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填（should） be taken。
9.No joy can match _____ of a hot water bath on a cold winter day.
that
解析 句意为：没有什么快乐可以和寒冷冬日里洗一个热水澡的快乐相比。设空处考查代词that 的用法，代指前面的不可数名词joy。
10.Young __________ the boy is, he has a sound knowledge of survival skills in the wilderness.
as/though
解析 句意为：尽管这个男孩年龄小，但他有着扎实的荒野生存技能知识。as/though引导让步状语从句时，需要将从句中的表语或状语提前至句首，从句进行倒装。
根据提示补全句子。
1.显然，卡车司机应该负这场车祸的全部责任。（obvious）
___ ___ ________ _____ the truck driver is to blame for the car accident completely.
It
is
obvious
that
2.这个年轻人提出了相反的观点，但是没有任何人为他（的观点）辩护。（defence）
The young man put up the opposite argument with no one ______________ ___ ____ ________.
coming/leaping
to
his
defence
3.假如是你负责这项工作，你会怎么处理这场纷争？（assumption）
____ ____ ___________ _____ you are in charge of the task, how will you settle the dispute
On
the
assumption
that
4.我父母常向我强调正直和诚实的重要性。（urge）
My parents often _____ ________ ____ the importance of integrity and honesty.
urge
on/upon
me
5.是你的努力而不是你的运气使你被名校录取。（强调句）
___ ___ ____ your luck but your efforts _____ bring you the admission to a top university.
It
is
not
that
体裁： 说明文 题材： 社会文化 词数： 192 难度： &9& 建议用时： 8分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As Bacon said, who questions much, shall learn much, and remember much. In history, there are
endless questions that promote human civilisation to a higher degree. In the 17th century 1. .
people tended to believe more in religions than facts, great scientists like Bacon and Galilei went against
the mainstream view of that period. They searched 2. . the truth of science on the basis of
3. . （analyse）. At that time, the earth 4. . （believe） to stand still, but
Galilei disagreed and was urged to continue his further exploration. Ironically, people grew angry and put
him in prison when Galilei proved Aristotle wrong, who was a highly 5. . （respect） scientist.
However, anyone is likely 6. . （make） mistakes, Aristotle and Galilei included. With countless
questions raised and solved, our knowledge of the world is 7. . （increasing） expanded.
We appreciate the past great men for their wisdom, for they are brave enough to challenge
8. . （them） as well as inspiring the future generations to explore more unknown and
brand-new areas.That’s, owing 9. . them, we constantly deepen our understanding of the world. On
10. . whole, a world full of questions is exactly the one that we are fighting for.
when
for
analysis/analyses
was believed
respected
to make
increasingly
themselves
to
the
1.______
when
解析 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。
2.____
for
解析 search for sth为固定表达，意为“探索某物”。
3._______________
analysis/analyses
解析 根据介词of可知，设空处应用名词作宾语，analysis意为“（对事物的）分析”时，既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，故填analysis/analyses。
4._____________
was believed
解析 设空处为前一个并列分句的谓语，the earth与believe之间为被动关系，应用被动语态;由时间状语At that time可知应用一般过去时；分句的主语the earth为单数概念，谓语应用单数形式。
5._________
respected
解析 根据语境可知，设空处应用形容词作定语，意为“受尊敬的”。
6._________
to make
解析 be likely to do sth为固定表达，意为“有可能做某事”。
7.____________
increasingly
解析 设空处应用副词作状语，修饰is expanded。
8.___________
themselves
解析 分析句子成分可知，设空处作动词challenge的宾语，又因该动作的承受者和发出者一致，故使用反身代词。
9.___
to
解析 owing to为固定搭配，意为“由于；因为”。故填介词to。
10.____
the
解析 on the whole 为固定搭配，意为“总体而言”。故填the。
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 学习经历 词数： 296 难度： &10& 建议用时： 8分钟
[山东济南历城二中2023高二开学考试] 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
Varatha Shanmuganathan is an 89-year-old woman in India. She has become the 1. . （old）
person to get a master’s degree at Canada’s York University. When she isn’t dancing or singing with her
grandchildren, she’s busy 2. . （realise） her many dreams.
This is not Shanmuganathan’s first master’s degree. After earning her bachelor’s degree, she returned
to Sri Lanka 3. . （teach） Indian history and English. In 1990, she 4. . （receive）
her first master’s degree from the University of London. When she found out York University offered
free tuition 5. . senior citizens, Shanmuganathan said she 6. . （immediate） knew it was
her last chance to make her dream of studying political science come true. She began her studies in
2019.
oldest
realising
to teach
received
to
immediately
“She will act as a powerful role model for 7. . （woman） of all ages,” York University
President Rhonda Lenton said. Despite her achievements, Shanmuganathan said she is not quite finished
yet in 8. . （educate）. Her next plan is to write 9. . book about post-war Sri Lanka.“Find
out what you really want to achieve and pursue it until the end. Think of something 10. . not only
interests you, but is also beneficial to others. Go on after it, get it, do it and achieve it,”
Shanmuganathan said.
women
education
a
that
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了89岁的硕士研究生瓦拉塔·尚穆加纳坦在老年时期的学习经历，及其在激励人们学习方面的积极影响。
1._______
oldest
解析 句意为：她已成为在加拿大约克大学获得硕士学位的最年长者。根据句意及空前的定冠词the可知，此处表示“最年长者”，故用形容词最高级作定语，修饰名词person，故填oldest。
2._________
realising
解析 句意为：当她不和孙子孙女一起跳舞或唱歌时，她便忙于实现她的许多梦想。此处考查短语be busy doing sth，表示“忙于做某事”，故设空处填realising。
3._________
to teach
解析 句意为：获得学士学位后，她回到斯里兰卡教授印度史和英语。根据语境可知，此处表示她回到斯里兰卡的目的是教授印度史和英语，应用不定式短语作目的状语，故填to teach。
4._________
received
解析 句意为：1990年，她于伦敦大学获得了自己的第一个硕士学位。根据时间状语In 1990可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填received。
5.___
to
解析 句意为：尚穆加纳坦说，当她发现约克大学为老年人提供免费课程时，她马上就意识到这是她实现学习政治学的梦想的最后机会。此处考查短语offer sth to sb，表示“为某人提供某物”，故填to。
6.____________
immediately
解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰动词knew，应填副词immediately。
7.________
women
解析 句意为：约克大学校长朗达·伦顿说：“她将成为各个年龄段女性的强大榜样。”根据句意及of all ages可知，此处表示“各个年龄段的女性”，设空处应用可数名词复数，故填women。
8.__________
education
解析 句意为：尽管她取得了成就，但尚穆加纳坦说她的求学之旅还没有完全结束。设空处作介词in的宾语，应用名词，表示“教育”，故填education。
9.___
a
解析 句意为：她的下一步计划是写一本关于战后斯里兰卡的书。此处泛指“一本书”，故用不定冠词修饰。故填a。
10._____
that
解析 句意为：想想那些不仅让你感兴趣，而且对他人有益的事情。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词something，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that。
【知识拓展】当定语从句的先行词为something, anything, nothing, everything, any, much, all等不定代词时，关系词只能用that。
A[河北秦皇岛一中2022高二月考]
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 人物故事 词数： 352 难度： &11& 建议用时： 7分钟
Rehan Staton recently found out he was accepted by Harvard Law School. For him, the sky’s the limit, but it wasn’t always that way.
The 24-year-old college student was raised by a single father who worked three different jobs. Despite his father’s best efforts, financial burdens steadily mounted.Staton’s study in middle school had suffered but he kept pushing himself forward. He said growing up was tough and he used to struggle in school. One teacher even suggested he switch to a special education class.
But with the help of a tutor who worked with Staton for free, Staton’s grades improved. He continued to improve academically while training to be a professional boxer in high school. However, his options for college . .dwindled. . after suffering an injury, which ruined the chances of him turning professional in sports. He was rejected by every school he applied to.
To help support his family, Staton took a job collecting trash at a local sanitation company, which he said changed his life in ways he never imagined.“Most of my co-workers were formerly imprisoned. It caught me by surprise how much the people at the bottom of society uplifted me and really wanted me to make something of myself,” he told the reporter.“They encouraged me to reapply to different colleges. They had nothing but uplifting words for me and my future.”
With persistence, he took the LSAT （Law School Admission Test） and applied to nine schools—getting admitted to five. Ultimately, he decided to commit to Harvard Law School—and he’ll never forget all the people who helped him get there.“Throughout this time, people ask me, ‘How did you do it ’ It’s more about how could I not do it when everyone is breaking their backs for me, and pushing me to win,” Staton said.“When you have a support system, you want to give it your best shot. Because as much as you’re investing in yourself, you have others investing in you too.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从小成长艰难的里恩·斯塔顿通过努力和他人的支持被哈佛法学院录取的故事。
1.What can we know about Staton from Paragraph 2 ( )
B
A.He received special care from his teacher. B.He used to have poor academic performance.
C.He worked three jobs to help support his family.
D.He lost sight of his goal due to family difficulties.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Staton's study in middle school had suffered… he used to struggle in school.One teacher even suggested he switch to a special education class.可知，斯塔顿过去的学习成绩很差。故选B项。
2.What does the underlined word “dwindled” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ( )
A
A.Decreased. B.Changed. C.Appeared. D.Continued.
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文after suffering an injury, which ruined the chances of him turning professional in sports可知，在一次受伤后，斯塔顿失去了成为职业运动员的机会，他可以选择的大学也减少了。故选A项。
3.What made Staton surprised while working as a trash collector ( )
C
A.The mixed backgrounds of his co-workers. B.The misunderstanding about garbage men.
C.The strong encouragement from his co-workers. D.The misfortune of people at the bottom of society.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的It caught me by surprise how much the people… make something of myself可知，斯塔顿做垃圾清理工时，来自同事的大力鼓励让他感到惊讶。故选C项。
4.What can we infer from the text ( )
B
A.Courage is resistance to fear and pain. B.Success comes from sweat and support.
C.Achievements come from failures. D.Progress takes place outside the comfort zone.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，斯塔顿参加了法学院入学考试，申请了九所学校，并被五所学校录取。 谈及自己如何获得成功时，斯塔顿说：“重要的是，当每个人都在竭尽全力地支持我，敦促我取得胜利的时候，我怎么能不这么做呢？”故可推知，成功来自汗水和支持。故选B项。
长难句分析
句意：人们普遍担心，孩子们在大自然中花费的时间不够，因此，他们可能错过大自然为社交技能、学习、身体健康和幸福所带来的潜在好处。
B[安徽皖豫名校联盟2023高二联考]
体裁： 说明文 题材： 介绍说明 词数： 344 难度： &12& 建议用时： 8分钟
Australian data indicate that less than a quarter of children aged 5—14 achieve the recommended 60 minutes of physical activity every day and spend just over two hours each day sitting or lying down for screen-based activities. There is widespread concern that children are not spending enough time in nature and, as a result, that they may be missing out on the potential benefits that nature has to offer for social skills, learning, physical health, and well-being.
For teachers in the know, nature-based play and learning is wonderful. For example, cooking on an outdoor fire can include a range of curriculum （课程） skills—maths and measurement of food materials, important fire and safety skills, reading and writing, and comprehending skills from the recipe, as well as imagination in finding the best sticks to use as skewers. Simple activities can equally deliver benefits: Using sticks to show how fractions （分数） are part of a whole can explain problem-solving in a hands-on way and help children better grasp more complex maths concepts.
An Australian study found that while all teachers believed that nature-based play and learning can deliver huge benefits to children, seven out of ten teachers felt that their knowledge and confidence were limiting their ability to make full use of these opportunities at school. Difficulties in using nature-based play and learning for teachers include: limited knowledge and confidence in how to add it to learning or how to operate the class outside （78%）; a crowded curriculum limiting their ability to adopt new learning （54%）; a lack of understanding/support from others in the school （38%）.
Reducing these difficulties must be a focus to ensure children are able to judge nature-based play and learning opportunities at school. We must find ways to support teachers in upskilling and feeling confident in delivering learning opportunities in nature. Training, education, and support at the school level are important for teachers to take the next step, but so are system-level approaches to consider how nature-based learning can be formally included into the curriculum.
1.What do experienced teachers think of nature-based play and learning ( )
A
A.Good academic teaching through lively activities.
B.A kind of everyday physical activity for all students.
C.A practical student activity to feel the beauty of nature.
D.A survival adventure to train students to live independently.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的For teachers in the know, nature-based play and learning is wonderful.可知，有经验的老师认为，基于自然的游戏和学习是很好的。第二段For example后面的内容是对这一观点进行举例说明。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的一项新研究表明，教师需要学会如何将基于自然的游戏与学习和孩子的课程最好地联系起来。
2.Why do most teachers have difficulty adopting nature-based play and learning ( )
C
A.They think students won’t like the learning. B.They are worried about parents’ disagreement.
C.They have not enough time and experience. D.They have got used to the classroom teaching.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Difficulties in using nature-based play and learning for teachers include: limited knowledge and confidence in how to add it to learning or how to operate the class outside （78%）; a crowded curriculum limiting their ability to adopt new learning （54%）可知，老师缺乏必要的课时和经验是推广基于自然的游戏与学习的主要障碍。故选C项。
3.How can nature-based play and learning be widespread ( )
B
A.By offering teachers a pay rise. B.By adding it to the required curriculum.
C.By reducing students’ homework and tests. D.By replacing current teachers with younger ones.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Training, education, and support at the school level are important for teachers to take the next step, but so are system-level approaches to consider how nature-based learning can be formally included into the curriculum.可知，将基于自然的游戏与学习列为正式的课程是推广它的关键。故选B项。
4.What is the best title for the text ( )
A
A.Teachers and Nature-Based Play and Learning
B.The Recommended Everyday Physical Activity
C.The Harm to Children From Screen-Based Activities
D.Nature-Based Play and Learning’s Benefits for Children
解析 主旨大意题。通读文章可知，本文主要介绍了澳大利亚的一项新研究，该研究表明教师需要学会如何将基于自然的游戏与学习和孩子的课程最好地联系起来。由此可知，文章最好的标题是“教师和基于自然的游戏和学习”。故选A项。
体裁： 说明文 题材： 学习方法 词数： 284 难度： &13& 建议用时： 8分钟
[安徽亳州二中2022高二期中] Studying and preparing is vital to success in exams. It is, however, difficult to know how to best manage your preparation period until you have some experience. This passage offers some ideas to help those still quite new to exams.
Start your revision early.
There is no substitute for starting revision early. You need to give yourself enough time to review
everything you have studied, and make sure you understand it. 1. .
D
Organise your study time.
2. . You will also find that you have more to revise for some subjects than others. It is worth taking
time to plan your revision and consider how much time you might need for each subject.
Look after yourself during study and exam time.
You will be able to work better if you eat a healthy diet, and get plenty of sleep. This applies to
both your exam period, and when you are revising. 3. . It is also a good idea to take regular exercise
when studying.
4. .
G
C
A
Always doing the same thing, for example, reading over your notes on a subject, is likely to be quite dull. Spice up your revision period by trying different exercises and techniques. Alternatives include：
5. .
Drawing mind maps or other summary diagrams to test what you can remember.
Organising a discussion group with some friends to consider a particular issue.
A.Vary your revision techniques.
B.Have your own revision techniques.
C.Surviving on junk food is not a good idea.
D.Last-minute cramming is much less productive.
E.Doing some sport to relax and better concentrate.
F.Doing practice papers to test your understanding.
G.You will almost certainly find some subjects easier than others.
F
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要为那些还不太熟悉考试的人提供了一些准备考试的方法。
1.___
D
解析 根据本段小标题可知，此段话题主要关于要早点开始复习，因此设空处也应围绕此话题展开，D项意为“等到最后一分钟再死记硬背效率要低得多”符合语境， cram意为“（临考前的）死记硬背”。
2.___
G
解析 由本段小标题可知，本段主要强调学习时间的统筹安排。设空处后一句意为“你还会发现与其他科目相比，你在某些科目上需要复习得更多”，根据话题相关性和逻辑提示词also可知，设空处应谈论相关话题，G项符合语境，表示一些科目复习起来比其他科目更容易。
3.___
C
解析 本段小标题强调在学习和考试期间要照顾好自己的身体。设空处前面的句子谈及饮食、睡眠等方面，设空处后面的句子谈及锻炼身体，这些方面均与本段主题相关，因此设空处也应谈论相关话题，C项中的junk food谈及饮食问题，符合语境。
4.___
A
解析 设空处为本段小标题，根据本段内容可知，本段提及“总是做相同的事情可能会让你感到厌烦”和“可以尝试不同的练习和方法”， 而A项意为“改变你的复习方法”，与本段的具体内容相呼应，符合语境。
5.___
F
解析 根据空前的Alternatives include可知，此处应列举可供选择的学习方法。最后两段建议大家要画思维导图或其他总结图表来测试自己记住了哪些知识，或者可以组织讨论小组来思考某一个特定话题。F项谈及做练习试卷来测试自己对知识的理解，与设空处后的内容都属于可供选择的学习方法，符合语境。
04
Writing Workshop—Reading Club 2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Those who can make quick __________ （adapt） to the new surroundings are preferred in the current
job market.
adaptation
解析 句意为：能够快速适应新环境的人会在现在的就业市场中更受青睐。根据句意和句子成分分析可知，设空处应用adapt的名词形式作make的宾语。adaptation意为“适应”时为不可数名词。
2.For primary school students, the _________ （expose） time to computer games should be reduced
sharply.
exposure
解析 句意为：对于小学生而言，他们玩电脑游戏的时间应被大幅缩短。设空处应用名词，作定语，修饰名词time，用来说明后一名词的种类或类别。
3.My daughter was so ____________ （preoccupy） with her books that she didn’t notice my coming in.
preoccupied
解析 句意为：我女儿如此专注于读书以至于她并未注意到我进来。设空处应用形容词，作表语。be preoccupied with意为“专注于”。
4.Modern teaching _________ （facility） are well equipped in the newly-built classrooms.
facilities
解析 句意为：新建的教室配备了齐全的现代教学设施。根据空后的系动词are和“主谓一致”原则可知，主语需要使用名词的复数形式。
5.As scheduled, I will arrange ____ my secretary to pick you up upon your arrival.
for
解析 句意为：按计划，你一到达，我就安排我的秘书去接你。arrange for sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“安排某人去做某事”，注意arrange在此为不及物动词。
6.If you don’t engage in extra positive social activities, you will restrict yourself ___ your comfort zone
and make no improvement.
to
解析 句意为：如果你不参与其他积极的社交活动，你就会把自己限制在自己的舒适区，不会有任何进步。restrict sb to （doing） sth 是固定短语，意为“把某人限制在……；限制某人只做某事”。故填to。
7.He is reading the latest collection of poetry ________ （entitle） Lost Youth .
entitled
解析 句意为：他正在读最新的诗集，名为《逝去的青春》。根据句子成分划分可知，此处应用非谓语动词短语作定语，修饰其前的名词短语；collection of poetry与entitle之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故使用entitle的过去分词形式。
8.Exchange students usually have a hard time _________ （adapt） to a new culture in the beginning.
adapting
解析 句意为：交换生起初通常会很难适应新的文化。have a hard time doing sth为固定表达，意为“很难做某事”。
9.In the past, we didn’t possess as easy access to digital resources ___ we do today.
as
解析 句意为：过去我们无法像今天一样可以轻松地接触到数字资源。设空处考查固定结构（not） as… as…，表示平级比较。
10.An experienced teacher usually adopts many methods __________ may stimulate the interest of
learners.
that/which
解析 句意为：有经验的老师通常会采用多种可能激发学习者兴趣的方法。根据句子成分划分可知，设空处引导定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，先行词methods指物，故填that或which。
根据提示补全句子。
1.这个孩子太依赖他的父母了,以至于他无法快速适应新的大学生活。（adapt）
The boy is too dependent on his parents to ______ ________ ___ the new college life quickly.
adapt
himself
to
2.你应当提前为会议做好安排。（arrangement）
You are supposed to ______ _____________ ____ the meeting ahead of time.
make
arrangements
for
3.因此，我们已经准备好了各种各样的未来生活所需的实用技能。（range）
As a result, we have prepared ___ ______ ______ ___ practical skills for the future life.
a
wide
range
of
4.新式学校鼓励学生按照自己的节奏来学习。（pace）
In alternative schools, the students are encouraged to study ___ _____ _____ _____ .
at
their
own
pace
5.众所周知，眼下学生的个性化学习需求很难得到充分满足。（as）
____ ___ _______ , the unique learning needs of students are hard to be fully fulfilled for the moment.
As
is
known
A[辽宁沈阳重点高中协作体2023高二期中]
体裁： 记叙文 题材： 求学经历 词数： 375 难度： &14& 建议用时： 8分钟
The chasm （鸿沟） separating Garang Piol from his dream of attending the University of Cape Town, the top university of Africa, in 2018 was wide. The former soldier from the Republic of South Sudan needed money to pay tuition.
In the years after the war’s ending in 2005, he had worked as an electrician in a school where he found a chance of education. Later, he worked for Atlanta’s Carter Center in South Sudan, helping root out （根除） Guinea worm disease. His salary paid for his living expenses and for his education at the Catholic University of Eastern Africa in Kenya, where he e