初中英语牛津译林版七年级下册同步课件：Unit 7 Abilities Period 3 Grammar (共50张PPT)

(共50张PPT)
Period 3 Grammar
Unit 7 Abilities
A. Using can, could and may
1 We use can or could to talk about ability. We use can to talk about present ability and use could to talk about ability in the past.
Millie can speak good English.
Shirley cannot ride a horse.
The old man could swim across the Yangtze River.
TIP
We write cannot as one word.
2 We use can, could or may to ask for permission. Could sounds more polite than can. May is formal.
— Can I borrow your bike, Millie
— Yes, you can. Here you are.
— Could I smoke here
— Sorry, I’m afraid you can’t.
—May I use your mobile phone
—Of course you may.
TIP
We can also use be able to to talk about ability.
A trip to South Hill
The students are going to South Hill. Amy is talking to Mr Wu about the plete their conversation with can, could or may.
Amy: (1) __________________ I take my cousin Shirley with us, Mr Wu
Can/May/Could
Mr Wu: Yes, you (2) _____________. But we’ll get there by bike. (3) _________ she ride a bike
Amy: Yes, she (4) _________. South Hill is a good place to have fun. (5) ______________ we go camping there
Mr Wu: I’m afraid you (6) _________.
Amy: I see. (7) _________ I make a call on your mobile I left mine at home.
can/may
Can
can
Can/Could
can’t
May
Mr Wu: Of course you (8) _________. By the way, (9) _________ you take your camera with you, Amy ①
Amy: No problem. ②
温馨提示：此符号表示“考点精讲点拨”链接。
may
can/could
B. Using What and How to express strong feelings
We use What ...! or How ...! in a short phrase to express strong feelings about someone or something.
How dangerous!
What a brave man!
We make sentences with What ...! and How ...! like this:
Noun phrase
What a beautiful flower (it is) !
beautiful flowers (they are) !
an interesting idea (he has) !
interesting ideas (you have) !
nice music (it is) !
Adjective
How beautiful (the flower is) !
beautiful (the flowers are) !
interesting (his idea is) !
interesting (your ideas are) !
nice (the music is) !
TIP
We use a noun phrase after What to form an exclamation.
We use an adjective after How to form an exclamation.
What can Superman do
Millie is asking Simon what he knows about Superman. Help Millie complete the conversation with What and How.
Millie: What can Superman do, Simon
Simon: Superman can see through walls.
Millie: (1) _________ amazing! His eyes are just like X-rays.
Simon: Yes. He can also burn things with his eyes.
How
Millie: (2) _________ special eyes he has! How about his ears
Simon: He can hear things far away.
Millie: (3) _________ strange! What else can he do
Simon: He can stop a train with his hands.
Millie: (4) _________ strong he is! Can he fly
Simon: Yes. He can fly as fast as light.
Millie: (5) _________ a wonderful man!
What
How
How
What
①By the way, (9) ____ you take your camera with you, Amy
by the way 顺便问一下, 顺便说说
e.g. What’s the time, by the way
顺便问一句, 几点钟了？
考点1
口语中的常用语。通常用作插入语，表示说话人要转入一个新话题。
与way相关的短语还有：
① all the way 自始至终
② on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
③ lose one’s way 迷路
④ in the way 挡道
中考在线1：—_______ you show me the way to the post office
—Of course. _______, why do you want to go to the post office
[泰州姜堰期末]
A. Could; By the way B. Must; In the way
C. May; On the way D. Can; On my way
A
【点拨】Could/ Can you show me the way to... 是向别人问路的常用表达方式。在表示话题转移时要用by the way。故选A。
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②No problem.
No problem. 没问题。
e.g. —Could you help me carry the bag It’s so heavy.
你能帮我拿一下那个包吗？它太沉了。
—No problem! 没问题！
考点2
no problem 可以用在不同场合。当表示愿意相助或事情容易做时可以说no problem，意思是“没问题”；回答别人的道谢或道歉时，也可以说no problem，意思是“不客气、没关系”。
中考在线2：—My English is poor. Could you help me with it
—_______. [铜仁]
A. Thank you B. Me, too
C. No problem D. See you
【点拨】本题用交际法。考查交际用语。句意：—我的英语很差, 你能帮我一下吗？—没问题。A. 谢谢你；B. 我也是；C. 没问题；D. 再见。结合语境可知, 这里表示肯定回答 “没问题”。
C
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这三个都是情态动词。情态动词本身有一定的意义, 但它们没有人称和数的变化, 需和动词一起构成句子的谓语, 表示说话者的情感、态度和语气。
can, could, may 的用法
can 和could 表示能力
(1) can 是最常用的情态动词, 意为“能, 会”, 用来谈论某人现在的能力；could 是can 的过去式, 用来谈论某人过去的能力。
e.g. I couldn’t understand his words last year, but now I can. 去年我还不能理解他的话, 但现在我能理解了。
考点1
(2) can 谈论能力时, 其同义词组为be able to, 意为“能够, 会”, 后跟动词原形, 二者一般可互换。但can 只用于现在时和过去时(could) 两种时态, 如果要用于其他时态, 如一般将来时等, 就需要使用be able to。
e.g. You will be able to pass the exam tomorrow.
明天你能通过考试。
中考在线1：What an amazing robot! It _______ cook more than 5, 000 dishes. [连云港]
A. shall B. need C. must D. can
【点拨】考查情态动词的用法辨析。句意：多么令人惊讶的机器人啊！它能够烹饪5000 多种菜肴。shall 将要；need 需要；must 必须, 一定；can 能, 表能力。表示能力, 应用can。故选D。
D
中考在线2：Oh! Mum, where’s my notebook I _______ find it. [天门]
A. can’t B. needn’t
C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
【点拨】can’t 不能；needn’t 不需要；shouldn’t不应该；mustn’t 禁止。根据首句“哦, 妈妈, 我的笔记本在哪里？”可知, 此处表示不能找到我的笔记本。故选A。
A
can, could 和may 表示许可
我们也可以用情态动词can, could 和may 来表示
请求或许可。情态动词could 表示一种委婉的语气, 比用can 表达更有礼貌, 常用于问句中。
考点2
［易错点］其回答不能用could, 只能用can。 may 比can 更正式。
e.g. —Could I borrow your ruler ？
我可以借你的尺子吗？
—Yes, you can. 是的, 你可以。
/—Sorry, you can’t. 对不起, 你不可以。
中考在线3：—Mum, it's too hot. _______ I swim in the lake with my friends
—No, you _______. That’s too dangerous! [咸宁]
A. Could; can’t B. Need; couldn’t
C. Must; needn’t D. Should; can’t
【点拨】本题用词义辨析法。句意：—妈妈, 太热了。我可以和朋友们在湖里游泳吗？—不, 你不能。太危险了！ Could 表示“能, 可以”, 语气更委婉；can’t 表示“不能”。由句意可知, 第一空用Could提出请求, 第二空用can’t 表示“不能”。故选A。
A
中考在线4：—______ I take a seat here
—No, you can’t. They’re only for the old and children.
[自贡]
A. May B. Must C. Will
【点拨】考查情态动词的用法。根据下文“不, 你不能。它们只是为老人和孩子们准备的。”可知, 本句为询问“我可以坐在这儿吗 ”may 意为“可以”。故选A。
A
can 和may 表示推测
can 表示推测时, 常用于否定句, can’t 意为“不可能”；may 表示没有把握的猜测, 意为“可能”。
e.g. He may be at home now. 他现在可能在家里。
The Japanese book can’t be Alice’s. She studies English.
这本日语书不可能是爱丽丝的。她学英语。
考点3
中考在线5：—Jane, I saw your mother yesterday.
—It _______ be her. She is working abroad. [葫芦岛]
A. mustn’t B. can’t
C. shouldn’t D. couldn’t
【点拨】本题用词义辨析法。考查情态动词的用法辨析。句意：—简, 我昨天看见你妈妈了。—不可能是她。她现在在国外工作。mustn’t“一定不要”, 表示禁止；can’t“不可能”, 表示否定的推测；shouldn’t“不应该”；couldn’t“不能；不会”。根据“She is working abroad”可知, 这里表示否定推测。故选B。
B
中考在线6：—What will the weather be like tomorrow
— It _______ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. I am not sure.
[朝阳]
A. must B. may C. can’t D. should
【点拨】考查情态动词的用法。句意：—明天天气
如何？—可能会下雨、阴天或晴天。我不确定。由“I
am not sure”可知, 空格中表示可能的推断。故选B。
B
感叹句
感叹句是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句一般由what 或how 引导, 句末加感叹号。what 修饰名词, how 修饰形容词、副词或动词。
[重点] 感叹句的构成：
(1) what 引导的感叹句的主要句型：
考向
what 的基本句型 例句
What+ a/an+ 形容词+ 可数名词单数(+ 主语+ 谓语)! (以元音音素开头的形容词前面要用an) What an interesting story (it is) !
多么有趣的故事啊!
what 的基本句型 例句
What+ 形容词+ 可数名词复数(+ 主语+ 谓语) ! What beautiful flowers (they are) !
多么漂亮的花啊!
What+ 形容词+ 不可数名词(+ 主语+ 谓语) ! What delicious food (it is) !
多么好吃的食物啊!
中考在线7：______ exciting news! The Chinese team successfully arrived at the peak of Qomolangma. [扬州]
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
【点拨】本题用语法判定法。考查感叹句用法。句意：多么令人兴奋的消息! 中国登山队成功登顶珠峰。句中exciting news 是由形容词exciting 修饰名词news 的名词短语, 所以需要用what, 而news 是不可数名词, 不加冠词。故选A。
A
中考在线8：—Look! The kids are playing on the playground.
[营口]
—_______ great time they are having!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
【点拨】本题用语法判定法。考查感叹句。句意：—看！孩子们正在操场上玩。—他们玩得多开心啊！本题符合感叹句“What+(a/an+) 形容词+ 名词+主语+ 谓语+ 其他！”结构, 句子中心词是time, 短语have a good time, 应用what a 引导感叹句, 故选C。
C
(2) how 引导的感叹句的主要句型：
how 的基本句型 例句
How+ 形容词(+主语+谓语) ! How kind (the girl is) !
(这个女孩) 多么善良啊!
How+ 副词(+主语+谓语) ! How well (she dances) !
(她舞跳得) 多好啊!
How+ 主语+ 谓语!(此句型中how 修饰动词, 但动词不提前。) How time flies!
时间过得真快呀!
中考在线9：—_______ smart! This new kind of taxi can go without a driver.
—Amazing! Let’s have a try. [湘潭]
A. What B. How C. What a
【点拨】考查感叹句用法。句意：—这个无人驾驶汽车是多么智能呀！本题是“How + adj./adv. + (主语+ 谓语) !” 感叹句结构。故选B。
B
中考在线10：—______ fast China is developing!
—Yes, we are so lucky to live in such a great country! [百色]
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
【点拨】本题用语法判定法。考查感叹句。感叹句有两种结构：“How+ 形容词或副词+ 主谓结构！”或“What(a/an) + 形容词+ 名词+ 主谓结构！”。分析句子可知, 主谓结构前是副词fast, 应用how引导感叹句, 故选C。
C
1. Mary said she ___________ not sing Chinese songs.
2. I have six dogs. You __________ choose any of them.
3. Tom said that he __________ not put his heart into any work.
4. The boy __________ not be Jack. He has gone to China with his parents.
5. —Where is my card
—I don’t know. It __________ be in your bag.
一、用适当的情态动词填空
could
can/may
could
can
may
6. My car is broken. _______ you please give me a lift [盘锦]
A. Must B. Need C. Should D. Could
二、单项选择
【点拨】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我的车坏了。你能让我搭个便车吗 must必须；need需要；should应该；could可以，能够。根据上文“My car is broken.”可推知下文是请求帮助，句型“Could you please do sth. ”意为“你能做某事吗 ” 符合语境。故选D。
D
7. My classmate is jumping so far! I _______ believe my eyes.
[新疆]
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t
C. mustn’t D. can’t
【点拨】考查情态动词。句意：我的同班同学跳得这么远！我____相信我的眼睛。shouldn’t不应该；needn’t 不必；mustn’t不准；can’t不能。联系上一句描述可知，本句是根据客观事实作出的判断，因此用can’t。意为“我简直不能相信我的眼睛。”故选D。
D
8. —_______ you sing an English song
—Yes, I can. [北京]
A. Can B. May C. Must D. Need
【点拨】考查情态动词can在具体语境中的用法。句意为：—你能唱一首英文歌吗？—是的，我能。由答语可知问句是由can引导的。can表示能力，意为“能，会”; may 可能，可以，常用于委婉的请求；must必须，一定；need需要。根据句意可知选A。
A
9. Tom _______ swim last year, but now he _______.
A. can’t; can B. can’t; may
C. couldn’t; can D. couldn’t; may
C
10. —Is that Li Ming over there
—It _______ be him. He has gone to Zhenyuan for the Dragon Boat Festival. [黔东南]
A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. can’t
【点拨】考查情态动词的用法。句意：—那边是李明吗 —不可能是他。他去镇远过端午节了。must表示肯定推测，意为“一定，必定”；mustn’t表示“禁止”；can表示“可以，可能”；can’t表示否定推测，意为“不可能”。根据后一句话可知，“那不可能是他”，故选D。
D
11. —Dina, a theme park will be built in our city next month.
—_______ good news! [淮安]
A. What a B. How a
C. What D. How
【点拨】本题用语法判定法。考查感叹句。句意：—Dina, 我们城市下个月要建造一个主题公园。—多么好的消息啊！形容词good修饰名词news，中心词是名词，用what引导感叹句，news是不可数名词，不加冠词。故选C。
C
12. —The little boy is only three years old, but he can memorize about 50 poems.
—_______ talented boy he is! [滨州]
A. How B. How a C. What a D. What
【点拨】考查感叹句。句意：—这个小男孩只有三岁，但他能记住大约50首诗。—他真是个有天赋的男孩啊！分析句子可知，本句是感叹句，修饰的中心词是可数名词单数boy，要用“What a / an + adj. +可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！”句型表达。故选C。
C
13. —Ivy, _______ hard you are working!
—The teacher always says that the more hard-working we are, the luckier we will be. [凉山]
A. how B. what
C. what a D. what an
【点拨】考查感叹句。句意：—艾薇，你工作多努力啊! —老师常说越努力越幸运。 hard是副词，用how引导感叹句，故选A。
A
14. —_______ useful advice on English learning Mr. Li gave us!
—I agree. I think we have improved our English with his help. [鞍山]
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
【点拨】考查感叹句的用法。句意：—李老师给我们提的有关英语学习的建议是多么有用啊！—我同意你的看法。我认为在他的帮助下，我们的英语已经提高了。本题中心词advice为不可数名词，需要用what来引导感叹句。故选A。
A
15. —_______ hot weather it is! Why not have a cold drink
—Sound good! Let’s go. [遂宁]
A. What B. What a
C. How D. How a
【点拨】考查感叹句。句意：—多么热的天气啊！为什么不喝点冷饮呢 —听起来不错!我们走吧。中心名词weather是不可数名词，符合感叹句句型：What+ adj. + 不可数名词+主语+谓语！故选A。
A
16. I can speak English. (改为一般疑问句, 并作否定回答)
__________ you __________ English
__________, I __________.
17. The old man could ride a horse. (改为同义句)
The old man ________ ________ ________ ride a horse.
三、句型转换
Can speak
No can’t
was able to
18. The food is very nice. (改为感叹句)
__________ __________ __________ it is!
19. What beautiful flowers they are! (改为感叹句)
__________ _____________ the flowers are! [黔南]
20. It is fine weather to row a boat on the lake. (改为感叹句)
__________ __________ weather it is to row a boat on the lake!
What nice food
【点拨】20.句中weather是不可数名词，所以要用“what+形容词+不可数名词” 来构成感叹句。
How beautiful
What fine
本节课主要学习了以下知识点, 请同学们及时巩固练习：
smoke , camera , X-ray, by the way……