课件43张PPT。【美文阅读】
无论在自己熟悉的场合还是在陌生的场合，和人闲聊是必不可少的一个交际方式。那怎么样闲聊，闲聊的话题又该是什么，又仿佛是很多人感到棘手的问题。本文就闲聊这个话题给了一些建议，我们一起看看吧！First of all, making small talk is not difficult only for English learners, but also for many native speakers of English. However, small talk can be especially difficult for some learners because making small talk means talking about almost anything and that means having a wide vocabulary that can cover most topics.
How to improve small talk skills?
Now that we understand the problem, the next step is to improve the situation. Here are some tips to improve small talk skills. Of course, making effective small talk means lots of practice, but keeping these tips in mind should improve overall conversational skills.·Do some research
Spend time on the Internet, reading magazines, or watching TV specials about the type of people you are going to meet. For example: If you are taking a class
with students from other countries, take time after the first few days of class to do some research. They will appreciate your interest and your conversations will be much more interesting.
·Use the Internet to gain specific vocabularyThis is related to doing research about other people. If you have a business meeting, or are meeting people who share a common interest (a basketball team, a tour group interested in art，etc.), take advantage of the Internet to learn specific vocabulary. Almost all businesses and interest groups have glossaries(词汇表) on the Internet explaining the most important jargon(行话) related to their business or activity. 教师用书独具演示●教学目标
初步掌握本课文中的词汇，浅层次理解课文，了解相关的背景知识。
●课标解读
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。●教学地位
本单元是选修六的第一课，学生对语言的学习已经有了初步的积累，通过本节的教学，让学生了解生活中的闲谈、聊天内容，目的是帮助学生认识不同文化背景中谈话时的交际规则和交谈的基本技巧，提高学生的社会交际能力。进一步通过学习英语文化中的交际方式，提高跨文化理解能力。演示结束 Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读文章，然后完成下面表格Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P2－3的Vocabulary and Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．The topic of small talk can't be ________.
A．your own studies
B．popular music or films
C．some strangers' private lives
2．Benjamin Disraeli's words want to tell us ________.
A．to talk about ourselves more
B．to learn to listen to others patiently
C．to ask others about their information3．The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．how to communicate with others
B．how to start to do small talk
C．how to develop your listening skills
4．The passage suggests that at social occasions, you ________.
A．should talk as much as you can
B．can talk about whatever topic you like
C．should learn to listen to others5．How can you show that you are listening to somebody who is talking?
A．Look away from him or her.
B．Just look at his/her shoulders.
C．Smile, nod and keep eye contact.
【答案】 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.CⅢ.课文缩写
用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写
involve; confidently; lack the confidence; social skills; prepare; expect impress; recognize; in addition; make more friends
Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you can 1.________？ Would you love to go to a party and talk 2.________to every guest? Do you want to 3.________but 4.________to talk to people you don't know?You needn't worry about situation like these if you have good 5.________. And they are easy to learn. It helps if you do a little advance planning.
First, learn how to do small talk. Small talk is very important and 6.________you for more serious conversations. Be prepared! Have some low-risk conversation openers ready.
Second, develop your listening skills. Communication 7.________speaking and listening. Remember that you won't 8.________people if you talk yourself too much.At last, learn the rules. There are different social rules in different countries. You need to know when to arrive at the party. 9.________， you should know how long you should stay and when you have to leave. Some hosts 10.________flowers or a small gift, but in other places you needn't if you don't want to.
【答案】 1.recognize 2.confidently 3.make more friends 4.lack the confidence 5.social skills 6.prepares 7.involves 8.impress 9.In addition 10.expectⅡ.短语填空
make friends; be nervous about; think of; look away from; in addition; find out
1．They could ________ no way to save the situation.
2．You need money and time, ________， you need diligence.
3．Don't look anybody directly in the eye but don't ________ them either.
4．He has a pleasant manner, and finds it easy to ________.5．That man used artful means to ________ secrets.
6．At first she ________ making the crossing in such stormy weather.
【答案】 1.think of 2.in addition 3.look away from 4.make friends 5.find out 6.was nervous aboutⅢ.句型背诵
1．Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don't know?
你愿意多交朋友却缺乏同陌生人交流的自信吗？
2．Be prepared! Have some low-risk conversation openers ready.
有备无患！准备好几句不太会出错的开场白。
3．That way, you don't damage your confidence!
那样，你就不会失去你的自信！4．Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours!
和一个人谈论他自己，他就会和你说上几个小时！
5．When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen, no matter how dull the person's speaking may be.
当一个人发表见解时，不管他说得多么无聊，其他人都应该倾听。课件58张PPT。教师用书独具演示●教学目标
重点词汇的理解与应用。
●课标解读
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生能够区分didn't need to do和needn't have done的区别；并掌握情态动词＋have done表推测的用法。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。●新课导入建议
教师用small talk的方式和学生进行交谈，可以根据学生不同的情况选择不同的topic，例如：T: What do you think of yesterday's football match between your class and Class 3? S1：... S2：...演示结束 1．confidently adv.自信地
Would you love to go to a party and talk confidently to every guest？(P2)你愿意去参加一个聚会，并且自信地同每一位客人谈话吗？
She walked confidently across the hall.
她自信地走过大厅。
I can confidently promise that this year is going to be very different.
我可以信心十足地保证今年将大不一样。①confident adj. 自信的；有信心的；有把握的
be confident that＋从句 相信……
be confident about/of 相信；对……确信的
be confident in 信任
②confidence n．信任；把握；信心；知心话
earn/win/gain one's confidence取得某人的信任
in (strict) confidence 秘密地，暗中
take into one's confidence 向……吐露心事； 以……为心腹I think I am fully confident of his success.
我想我完全肯定他能成功。
One has to be confident in himself.
一个人一定要对自己有信心。
I should like to exchange a few words with you in confidence.我想私下和你交换点意见。
He wouldn't take me into his confidence.
他不愿把我当作知己。用confident的适当形式填空
③He felt at ease and about the future.
④I'll tell you in strict that they are going to get divorced.
⑤He spoke and with ease.
【答案】 ③confident ④confidence ⑤confidently2．lack vt.缺乏；不足 n．缺乏；无
Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don't know？(P2)你想结交更多的朋友但又缺乏同你不认识的人交流的自信吗？
He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.
他工作不错，但似乎缺乏信心。
They lacked for nothing. 他们什么都不缺。①lack sth.缺乏……
lack for (money/nothing)缺(钱/什么都不缺)
②lack n. 缺少， 缺乏
the/a lack of ……不足
for lack of缺乏，因……而没有
③lacking adj. 缺少的，缺乏的
be lacking in缺乏；没有(只能用于有关人、物、事本质上的性质缺乏)He is lacking in responsibility.他缺乏责任心。
The plants died for lack of water.
这些植物因缺水而枯萎。
Her decision seems to show a lack of political judgment.她的决定似乎显示出缺乏政治判断力。
【提示】 lack是表示状态的及物动词，不用于被动结构，也不用于进行时。lack用作名词时基本意思是“缺乏，不足”，不可数，只用作单数形式，其前面加不定冠词a，常与介词of连用。【对接高考】
(2010·福建高考)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities space.
A．in search of B．in place of
C．for lack of D．for fear of
【解析】 句意：由于缺少空间，大城市里建起了越来越多的摩天大楼。for lack of因缺乏……，符合句意。in search of寻找；in place of代替；for fear of唯恐。
【答案】 C3．be nervous about对……神经紧张/胆怯/焦虑不安
And are you nervous about the idea of being at a social event in another country? (P2)你是否一想到要在别的国家参加社交活动就觉得忐忑不安？
Nobody knows what she is nervous about.
没有人知道她为什么紧张不安。
I'm very nervous about taking the exam.
我对参加考试紧张不安。 be nervous of/about doing害怕做某事
make sb. nervous使人烦躁不安
be nervous about/of sth.对……紧张/不安
She was nervous of meeting strangers, but she put on a bold front and went to the party.她怕见陌生人，然而她却装出一副勇敢的样子去参加聚会。
The merest little thing makes him nervous.
最微不足道的小事也会使他紧张。nervous/anxious【教师备课资源】
be worried about 对……担心
be curious about 对……好奇
be mad about 对……入迷
be particular about 对……讲究
be optimistic about对……乐观，有信心用nervous/anxious填空
③ Don't be so about the exam—you will make it.
④I was about the children when they didn't come back home from school.
【答案】 ③nervous ④anxious4．And they are easy to learn. (P2)而且这些技巧学起来也容易。
本句中的to learn虽然与主语they是被动关系，但仍然要用其主动形式，这是因为它放在了形容词easy后面。形容词easy, difficult, hard, nice, good, dangerous, interesting, important, expensive, fit, comfortable, pleasant, impossible后面接不定式作状语，即使这个不定式与主语是动宾关系，也要用主动形式。The question is easy to answer.这问题容易回答。
The problems are impossible to settle.
解决这些问题是不可能的。
The chairs were fairly comfortable to sit on.
这些椅子都相当舒适。【解析】 句意：这台机器很容易操作，任何人都可以在几分钟内学会使用它。此句式中动词不定式作状语，与句子主语构成动宾关系，故用主动形式表达被动意义。分析本题时我们首先要分析出句子的结构：sth.is＋形容词＋非谓语动词，这样我们知道在这个结构中，非谓语动词使用的是动词不定式，因此排除A、C两项；B项采用的是动词不定式的进行式，表达的是一个正在进行中的动作，而“这种机器很容易操作”是一个常态。
【答案】 D5．People with good social skills communicate well and know how to have a conversation.(P2)具备良好社交技能的人能很好地和别人交流并且知道怎样交谈。
how to have a conversation作谓语动词know的宾语，相当于how they should have a conversation。
I don't know how to do it.＝I don't know what to do.我不知道怎么办。
【提示】 当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可改为wh-＋to v．的形式。wh-＋to v．结构在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语。作主语时谓语动词通常用单数。常见的疑问词有who(m)，how, when, where, which, what等。
When to go for the picnic hasn't been decided.
什么时间去野炊还没定下来。
He told me how to answer all the questions in English.他告诉我怎样用英语回答所有的问题。
The problem is where to find the financial aid.
问题是到哪里寻求经济援助。【对接高考】
(2010·辽宁高考)—It's no use having ideas only.
—Don't worry. Peter can show you to turn an idea into an act.
A．how B．who
C．what D．where
【解析】 答句句意：不要担心。Peter可以向你展示如何把点子变为行动。分析句子结构可知，此处“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作宾语，how表示方式。
【答案】 A6．advance adj.预先的，在前的
It helps if you do a little advance planning.(P2)
要是预先做些准备，将会对你有所帮助。
They declared war without advance warning.
他们没有预先警告就发动了战争。
It is a popular show, so advance booking is essential.
这是个很受欢迎的演出，所以一定要提前订票。①advance n. 在前头，事先，预先，前进
in advance of 在……前面，比……提前(进步)，超过……
in advance预先，提前
on the advance 逐渐上升(涨)
with the advance 随着……的增长，与……俱进地
make great advances in在……取得很大进展
②advance vi.&vt.前进，预付，提前
advance towards向(某人或某处)推进，逼进
advance on/upon向(某地)推进，进逼，向(某人)发起进攻
③advanced adj. 先进的，高级的Everything was fixed in advance.
一切都是预先安排好的。
We should make arrangements in advance of the meeting. 我们应当在开会前做好准备工作。
The storm is advancing towards the city.
暴风雨正向这座城市袭来。
The soldiers advanced on the enemy.
战士们向敌人发起进攻。
England is an advanced industrial country.
英国是一个发达的工业国家。④在过去十年里，他们在医学方面取得了巨大的进步。
They have in medicine in the last ten years.
【答案】 ①in advance ②has been advanced ③on the advance ④made great advances7．think of考虑；想起；想出
...think of things to tell people about your studies. (P2) 考虑与别人交流你的学习情况。
I've been thinking of changing my job.
我一直在想换工作。
I can't think of his phone number.
我想不起他的电话号码。think about (doing) sth. 考虑(做)某事
think up/out想出，设计出，发明
think of...as... 把……看作
think...over 慎重考虑，仔细考虑
think highly/well/much/little of sth./sb.对某事/某人评价高/不高Please think the plan over and let me know your decision.请好好考虑那项计划，然后把你的决定告诉我。
We must think up a plan for developing the business.
我们得想出一个方案来扩展我们的生意。
His heroic behavior was thought highly of by people.
他的英勇行为得到了人们的高度评价。④我们班同学认为他是最聪明的人。
We the cleverest person in our class.
【答案】 ①do you think of your boss ②think of
③thinks highly of ④think of him as8．look away from把目光从……上移开
Don't look away from the person who's talking to you. (P3)不要把目光从正在跟你说话的人身上移开。
She looked away from the tragic scene.
她掉过头去，不忍看那一幕惨象。
When you talk with someone, never look away from their face.
和某人说话的时候，眼睛永远都不要离开他们的脸。look around环视，四下张望
look back回顾
look forward to盼望，期待
look into调查
look on旁观
look out当心，注意
look up向上看；查找
look up to尊敬，敬仰
look through 浏览，仔细查看She never looks back to the old days with regret.
她从不怀着悔恨的心情回顾过去。
We look forward to the return of spring.
我们期待着春天的到来。
A working party has been set up to look into the problem.已成立工作组调查该问题。
Children should look up to their parents.
孩子应当尊敬父母。9．in addition 除此之外，另外
In addition, you need to know how long you should stay, and when you have to leave. (P3)另外，你需要知道该待多久，还有该在何时离开。
In addition, fund managers lack bargaining power.
此外，基金管理者缺乏议价能力。
In addition(to the names on the list), there are six other applicants.
除此(名单上的名字)之外，还有六个申请人。in addition 此外 (＝as well ＝ besides )
in addition to 除……之外 ，还…… (＝as well as＝besides)
In addition to an album, I gave him a pen and a pencil.除了一本照相簿外，我还给了他一支钢笔和一支铅笔。
【提示】 in addition to意为“加在……上”或“不但……”，其中to是介词，因此用in addition to doing sth.，而不是in addition to do sth.。10．find out 了解(到)；找出(信息)
In most places, you don't have to take a gift to a party—but find out first！(P3) 在大多数地方，参加聚会你不必带礼物——但你得事先弄清楚。
Try to find out the cause of the accident.
设法找出事故发生的原因。
We shall find out the truth early or late.
我们迟早会查明事实真相。find/find out/look for课件82张PPT。教师用书独具演示●教学目标
重点词汇的理解与语法的掌握。
●课标解读
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够区别运用didn't need to do和needn't have done。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。演示结束 1．application n．申请，申请书；应用，运用
So...you wrote in your application form that you're interested in mountains. (P5)所以……你在申请表中填写到你对山感兴趣。
There were more than 300 applications for the six jobs.有300多人申请了这6份工作。
The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency. 把新的科学发现运用到工业生产上，通常可以提高效率。an application form申请表
apply for sth.申请某物
apply to sb. for sth.向某人申请某物
apply to适用于
apply...to...将……应用到……
apply oneself to专心致志于……We should not only know the theory but also how to apply it to practice. 我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。
I am applying for a fellowship.我在申请研究生奖学金。
He is now applying himself to the study of traditional Chinese medical science.他现在正致力于中医的研究。④从北京师范大学毕业后，他申请了一份英语教师的工作。
After graduation from Beijing Normal University, he
as an English teacher.
【答案】 ①applications ②apply yourself to ③apply to ④applied for a job2．favour＝favor n．恩惠，照顾；喜爱；支持；帮助
I have a favour to ask. (P7)我有一件事请你帮忙。
He is so independent that he hates asking favours of other people.他性格独立，万事不求人。
The court decided in his favour. 法庭的判决对他有利。do sb.'s favour＝do a favour for sb.帮某人忙
ask sb.'s favour＝ask a favour of sb.请求某人帮忙
in favour of支持，赞同
favour v. 支持，喜欢，赞同
Did he favour your suggestion ? 他赞成你的建议吗？
Would you please favour us with your presence?
能否荣获你的大驾光临？3. Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it.(P8) 每当我张口，就会讲错话。
(1)句中every time是连接词，引导时间状语从句。英语中表示时间的each time, the moment, the minute, the instant, the day, the year, next time等短语也可以引导时间状语从句。从句常用一般现在时，或一般过去时，强调经常性的习惯或动作。英语中有些表示时间的名词短语可以充当连词，引导时间状语从句。有此用法的名词短语主要有以下几种形式：
①the＋瞬间名词：the minute，the instant，the second，the moment等。
②由time构成的名词词组：the first/last time，each/ every time, next time, anytime等。
③the＋时间名词：the day，the week，the year等。
④部分副词如immediately，directly，instantly等也可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句。Every/Each time we see her, she is always working hard.我们每次见到她，她都在拼命地工作。
I found myself in an entirely new world the moment I arrived in Beijing. 我一到北京就感到耳目一新。
You don't have to look up every new word in the dictionary every/each time you come across it while reading an article.读文章时，你不必一遇到生词就去查字典。(2)put one‘s foot in it＝put one’s foot in one‘s mouth犯使人难堪的错误，说错话
stand on one's own feet独立自主，不依赖别人
put one's best foot forward给别人留下一个好印象
jump in and get your feet wet到实践中去学习，取得经验I certainly put my foot in my mouth at the party last night. 我昨晚在聚会上无意中说错了话。
You should put your best foot forward because there are twenty other people after the same job.
你得给他们留下个好印象才行，因为有二十多个人都在争夺这个工作。When you have grown up, you have to learn to stand on your own feet. 当你长大了，你必须学会独立。
But it's the best way to learn: when you meet an American, try a few words—jump in and get your feet wet.
不过，当你见到美国人时，你不妨试着说一点。到实践中去学是最好的办法。4．absence n．缺乏，不存在
Esther Greenbaum's major shortcoming was that she had a completes absence of small talk. (P8)埃斯特·格林鲍姆最大的缺点是她对于闲聊方面(的知识)十分匮乏。
Absence of rain caused the plants to die.
因缺少雨水导致植物枯死。
I soon noticed his absence from school.
我很快便觉察到他缺课了。in/during sb.'s/ sth.'s absence＝in/during the absence of sb./sth.(某人)不在时；缺少(某物)
absence of mind心不在焉；精神恍惚
in the absence of由于缺乏
in sb.'s absence 某人不在时，某人外出时
be absent from缺席，不在；缺少Behave yourself during my absence.
我不在时要规矩点。
In the absence of water, plants would not grow well.
如果缺少水，植物就不会长势良好。
She was absent from school with a cold.
她因感冒而没去上学。5．as a consequence 因此，结果
In fact, she had never learnt the basic rules of social communication, and as a consequence, she made systematic mistakes every time she opened her mouth.(P8) 实际上，她从来就没有认识到社交的基本规则，因此每次张嘴说话，都会经常性地犯错误。
As a consequence, he got the first place in this grade exam.结果，他在本次考试中获得了年级第一名。
As a consequence, they had no control over the outcome.结果是他们对成果没有控制。in consequence 结果
of no consequence 无意义(不重要)
in consequence of(＝as a consequence of ) 由于……
take the consequences 承担后果He studied hard, and in consequence he passed the exam.他努力学习，因此通过了考试。
Don't worry.It's of no consequence.
别担心，这无关紧要。
【提示】 as a consequence＝as a result＝in consequence＝consequently结果，因此，而as a consequence of＝as a result of＝in consequence of由于……，是介词短语。6．apology n. 道歉，致歉
“Oh sorry，” said Esther without any apology.(P8)
“哦，对不起”，埃斯特略微歉意地说。
He offered me an apology for losing my book.
他因丢了我的书而向我道歉。
You are wrong. Please make an apology to your deskmate.你错了，请向你的同桌道歉。make/offer an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.为(做了)某事向某人道歉
accept an apology接受道歉
owe sb. an apology应向某人道歉
apologize vt. 道歉
apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 为(做了)某事向某人道歉
I must apologize for not being able to meet you.
我因为没能接你而向你道歉。7．cautious adj.谨慎的，慎重的，小心的
Esther was never cautious about other people's feelings. (P8)埃斯特从来不留意别人的感受。
I am cautious of giving offence.我谨防得罪人。
The students are cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling.学生们在拼写时非常小心，以避免出错。cautious about/of谨防
be cautious to do sth. /that-clause 小心做……；谨慎做……
caution n．警告；慎重；戒备
with caution 留心(慎重；留心地；慎重地)
caution vt. 劝……小心；警告
caution sb. about sth. 就(某事)警告(某人)
caution sb. against sth./doing sth. 警告(某人)不要做(某事)
caution sb. for sth./doing sth. 因……事警告某人He told us to proceed with caution.他要我们谨慎行事。
The weather-forecaster cautioned us about the icy roads.气象预报员提醒我们注意结冰后的道路。
He cautioned us against playing in that busy street.
他告诫我们不要在那条交通繁忙的街道上玩耍。8．cheer sb. up 使某人高兴/振作起来
She tried to cheer him up.(P8) 她试图让他高兴起来。
I tried to cheer her up, but failed.
我努力让她高兴起来。
Cheer up! I'm sure you'll feel better tomorrow.
振作起来！我肯定你明天会好些的。
cheers (用于祝酒)干杯
cheer sb. on 为某人喝彩，为某人加油
cheer for sb. 为……喝彩叫好，为……鼓劲加油
be of (good) cheer 兴致勃勃Let's go to the football game and cheer for our favorite team.咱们去看足球比赛，为咱们最喜爱的球队呐喊助威。
We did our best to cheer him on when he was about to give up.当他将要放弃时我们尽力鼓励他。
The old man was of good cheer. 那老人情绪很好。9．go through经历，经受(尤指苦难或艰难时期)
One of her acquaintances, a salesman in the firm, was going through a very messy divorce and was very depressed. (P8)和她在同一家公司做推销员的一个熟人正陷入离婚窘境，他为此非常沮丧。
How can she keep smiling after all she has gone through？她经历了所有这一切后怎么还能笑容满面？
South Africa was going through a period of irreversible change. 南非正在经历一场不可逆转的变革。go through还有以下一些意思：
①通过，穿过
②翻阅；翻找；整理
③通读；彻查
④重复；例行做The bill went through Parliament without a vote.
没有投票国会议案就通过了。
It was evident that someone had gone through my possessions.显然有人翻过我的物品。
Going through his list of customers is a massive job.
查阅他的客户名单是个相当费劲的活儿。
Every night, they go through the same routine: he throws open the bedroom window, she closes it.
他们每天晚上都要上演这么一出戏：他打开卧室的窗户，她又把它关上。【教师备课资源】
go up 增长；上升；被兴建起来
go wrong 出毛病；弄错；发生故障
go all out 鼓足干劲，全力以赴
go by 经过；顺便走访；凭……判断
go easy 安闲；从容不迫
go across 穿过，横过
go after 追逐，追求
go against 违背，作对
go back 回转，回顾，追溯
go down 沉下； 落下； 降低go for 去找某人，想得到……，争取
go forward 前进；发生
go in for参加；从事，致力于；喜欢，爱好
go into 进入；调查，着手处理
go off 中断，停止供应；继续干，一度中止后再继续干10．leave out 省去，删去
Notice how certain words are left out in informal conversation. (P10)
注意在非正式的谈话中有些单词是怎样省略的。
The editors decided to leave out this chapter to make the book shorter.
编辑们为了让这本书更精简，决定要删除这个章节。
We can leave out the second sentence.
我们可以省去第二句话。leave behind使落后，丢在后面；忘带，留下
leave for出发去(某地)
leave about 把……随便乱放
leave aside搁置，不考虑
leave off 停止，中断
leave over 留下，剩下，剩余
leave... with 将……留给……照管
on leave 在休假Let's leave the matter aside for a moment.
我们把这件事搁一会儿再说。
No food has been left over after the meal.
饭后没有剩下什么。
You can leave a message with his secretary.
你可以留个条交给他的秘书。④别把东西到处乱扔。
Don't leave .
【答案】 ①be left behind ②left Beijing for ③leaves out ④your things about11．interrupt v．打断
Esther interrupted her, “Hey，so you married him！” (P9)埃斯特打断她的话说：“嗨！那么你嫁给他了？”
Don't interrupt her now; she will answer the questions later.现在不要打断她的话，她稍后再回答问题。
He tried to speak, but she interrupted him.
他想说话，但被她打断了。①interrupt sb./oneself in sth. 打断； 打扰； 中断
interrupt sb./ sth. with sth./doing sth.打断； 打扰
②interruption n. 打岔；中断
The speaker interrupted himself in the midst of his speech.演讲人在演讲中间中断了讲话。
It is not polite to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions.不断提问打断演讲者是不礼貌的。
I was able to get on with my work without interruption. 我可以不受打扰继续我的工作了。观察下列的句子，体会didn't need to do 和needn't have done的区别。
①My friend Mary speaks good Mandarin, so I didn't need to translate the speech for her yesterday.
②He needn't have told me about the news because I had known about it.[自我总结]
didn't need to do 和needn't have done都有“ ”之意，但是didn't need to do是指“ ”；而needn't have done则表示“ ”。
【答案】 过去不必做某事 过去没必要做，实际上也没有做 过去虽然没必要做，但已经做了某事一、need的用法
1．need既可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词。didn't need to do中的need是实义动词用法，而needn't have done中的need是情态动词用法。作为实义动词，need后跟不定式或名/代词作宾语，有人称和数的变化，其变化与一般动词相同；作为情态动词，need和动词原形构成复合谓语，通常用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无人称和数的变化。例如：
He needn't do it.(情态动词)He doesn't need to do it.(实义动词)
他没有必要做这件事。
My father needs three men to help him.(实义动词)
我父亲需要三个人帮助他。2．回答Need I．..?
肯定回答用“Yes，you must.”；否定回答用“No，you needn't/don't need to/don't have to.”。
例如：—Need I pay a certain amount of money to use your telephone? ——用一用你的电话，我需要付一定数量的钱吗？
—Yes, you must.( No, you needn't /don't need to /don't have to.)
——是的，你必须付。(不，你不必付。)3．回答Must I．..？否定回答用“No，you needn't /don't need to/don't have to.”。肯定回答用“Yes，you must.”。例如：
—Must I hand in my application today? 今天我必须交上申请表吗？
—No, you needn't /don't need to /don't have to. 不，你不必。4．表示现在、过去或将来没有必要做某事，但不关心做还是没做，用needn't do sth. /don't need to do sth./don't have to do sth./didn't need to do sth.。例如：
You needn't worry/ don't need to worry/don't have to worry about situations like these if you have good social skills.如果你具备了良好的社交技巧，你就不必担心类似的情况了。
I didn't need to get up early this morning, because it was Sunday today.今天早上我没有必要早起，因为今天是星期天。二、情态动词＋have done的意义和用法
1．表示对过去情况的推测
肯定推测： must have done 肯定做过某事
should have done (按道理或义务)应该做过某事
might have done 也许做过某事(可能性极小)
He must stayed up last night. He seemed tired.
他昨晚很可能熬夜了，他看起来很疲倦。
It might have rained last night, for the ground is still dump.昨晚可能下雨了，因为地面还是潮的。I can't find my purse now.I might have left it in the taxi.我的钱包找不到了，我可能把它忘在出租车里了。
否定推测：can't/couldn't have done 不可能做过……
might not have done 也许没做过……
疑问推测：Could sb. have done sth.? 某人可能做过……吗？
Might sb. have done sth.? 某人会不会做过……？
Could you have known about him three years ago, when he was still unknown？三年前他还不出名，你可能了解他吗？2．表示对过去事情的抱怨或后悔
ought to / should have done本来有义务做而没有做某事
could have done 本来能够做某事而没做某事
need have done 本需要做某事但未做某事
would like / rather have done 本想做某事但没做
You should have cleaned the room. After all, you were on duty yesterday.
你本应该打扫房间，毕竟，昨天该你值日。You should have been more careful just now.
你刚才应该更小心些。
I would like to have gone to the concert with you. A friend of mine called on me.
我本来想和你一起去听音乐会。但我的一个朋友来了。Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·江西高考)We have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
A．may not B．needn't
C．can't D．mustn't【解析】 情态动词表示推测。本题要注意后面的now that从句：Suzie不与我们一起吃饭。所以前面是在说我们本没有必要，needn't have done主要表示某事已经做了，但后来觉得没必要去做，因此常含有责备或遗憾之意，译成汉语通常是“本来不必……”，句意：我们本来不必买这么多食物的，既然Suzie不与我们一起吃饭。
【答案】 B2．(2012·江苏高考)— Happy birthday!
—Thank you! It's the best present I for.
A．should have wished B．must have wished
C．may have wished D．could have wished
【解析】 情态动词＋完成式。A项意为“本应该期望而实际上并非如此”；B项意为“一定希望”；C项意为“也许希望”；D项意为“可能希望”。句意：——生日快乐！——谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。根据句意可知，应选D项。
【答案】 D3．(2012·浙江高考)Had they known what was coming next, they second thoughts.
A．may have B．could have
C．must have had D．might have had
【解析】 虚拟语气中的情态动词。本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：If they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought.。根据had known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might ＋have done，由此可见答案D符合语境。
【答案】 D4．(2013·陕西高考)The children lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
A．must have got B．must get
C．should have got D．should get
【解析】 考查情态动词。副词otherwise之前的句子表示推测，之后的句子表示虚拟。句意：孩子们肯定在树林里迷路了；否则的话，他们就该按计划在湖边的宿营地了。故选A，must have done表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测，意为“过去肯定已经……”。
【答案】 A5．(2013·四川高考)—Why are your eyes so red？You
have slept well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
A．can't B．mustn't
C．needn't D．won't
【解析】 考查情态动词。根据语境“眼睛那么红，昨晚不可能睡得很好”可知，此处考查情态动词can的否定式can't表推测，意为“不可能”。can't have done表示对过去的推测，意为“过去不可能……”。故选A。
【答案】 AⅡ.完成句子
1．John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she (本来没必要步行) back home.
2．I (不必早起床) this morning，so I stayed in bed until 9 a．m..
3．You (根本不需要去) there yesterday.
4．Your clothes (需要洗了)．
5．You (不必完成) the work today.
【答案】 1.needn't have walked 2.didn't need to get up early 3.needn't have gone 4.need washing/ to be washed 5.needn't finish课件57张PPT。教师用书独具演示●教学目标
掌握本课文中的词汇，理解课文，熟练掌握用英语表达“有义务”和“无义务”的用法，深度理解“Small talk”的含义并就“Small talk”的话题进行英语表达。●课标解读
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法和给出学生认为合理的建议。
(5)电子邮件的格式。●教学地位
本课时的内容是根据对方提出的问题，给出自己的建议，是以书信形式发现的。本形式是高考作文中常见的一个方面。学好书信的写作方法和给出对方建议在高考中为常考内容。●新课导入建议
我们都生活在错综复杂的社会现实中，我们往往会遇到一些不顺心的事情。同时我们的朋友或家人也会遇到一些烦恼向我们求助。我们怎样处理这些情况呢？那么我们就通过对本文的学习，了解并学会如何处理这种情况。演示结束 Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P11课文，判断正误
1．When you are talking to a dull person in America, you may not listen to him/her. ( )
2．Americans are more active in talking with others than people from other cultures. ( )
3．“We're defined by our jobs ”means that many things about ourselves such as our characters, interests and the usual small talk topics are often influenced by our jobs. ( )4．According to the passage, only those who know each other very well can have highly personal conversation.
( )
【答案】 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.FⅡ.语篇理解
阅读P13课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which of the following sentences can summarize the first paragraph?
A．Small talk is very common in the conversation.
B．Small talk plays an important part in communication.
C．English people like small talk.2．The example given in this passage is intended to .
A．show how to talk to strangers in the cafe or at a party
B．tell us what the AAA is about
C．tell us what should be talked about when chatting with a stranger
3．What do neither of the speakers want to do most?
A．To understand each other.
B．To make friends with each other.
C．To keep silent.4．When ， the AAA model ends during your conversation with a stranger.
A．you and the other person find the common topic to share
B．you don't want to go on with your conversation
C．you find the other person doesn't share your opinion5．The writer's attitude towards the AAA model is .
A．opposed
B．supportive
C．objective
【答案】 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B1．When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen, no matter how dull the person's speaking may be. (P11) 当一个人发表见解时，不管他说得多么无聊，其他人都应该倾听。no matter how＋ adj./adv...引导让步状语从句，可用however ＋adj./adv...来代替。另外， whoever，whomever，whosever，whatever，whichever，whenever，wherever等，可以转换为no matter who(what，when，where，which...)。但是whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever可以引导主语从句及宾语从句，此时不可以换成no matter...的形式。2．But while few American will worry about the questions you may ask, particularly if you clearly show you're aware of cultural differences, they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions. (P11)不过极个别的美国人将非常担心你可能会问的问题，尤其是你明确表明你对文化差异很了解时，他们可能在问你类似的问题非常犹豫。
while是转折连词“虽然”，相当于although。while作连词时，还有“当……时”；“然而”；“只要”之意，分别引导时间状语从句，并列句和条件状语从句。While these icons have different shapes, they are of similar size, color, and texture. 虽然这些图标的形状不同，但是大小、颜色和纹理是相似的。
Lincoln represents the owner's social status in China while it is nothing more than a vehicle in its country of origin. 在中国，林肯轿车象征车主的社会地位，而在原产国只不过是交通工具罢了。3．be aware of 知道
...particularly if you clearly show you're aware of cultural differences...(P11)……尤其是如果你清楚地表明你知道这种文化上的差异……
He doesn't seem to be aware of the problems.
他好像没有意识到这个问题。
You should therefore be aware of some of the traffic laws. 因此，你该注意一些交通规则。①be/ become aware of知道的， 察觉到的
be aware that知道……
as far as I am aware 就我所知
lack of awareness of 对……一无所知
②awareness n．认识；觉察；意识
self-awareness自我意识
eco-awareness环保意识Then he became aware that they were regarding him with interest.
这时，他意识到他们都在饶有兴趣地看着他。
As far as I am aware, nobody else does that.
据我了解，还没有人可以做到这一点。
There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.
人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。aware/conscious/sensible用aware/conscious/sensible填空
③He was badly hurt, but he still remained .
④I am not how long he has lived here.
⑤I don't think the suggestion is very .
【答案】 ③conscious ④aware ⑤sensible4．take the lead 带头，领先
So, many Americans will talk about safe topics because they don't dare to be too curious or personal, but will happily talk about more private matters if you take the lead.(P11)所以，许多每个人谈论一些稳妥的话题，因为他们不敢(表现得)太好奇或太涉及私事，不过，如果你先带头谈论，那么他们将会高兴地谈论更为私人的问题。
As a league member, I'll take the lead.
做为一个团员，我应该带头。
Since he is the leader, he is supposed to take the lead. 既然他是领导，他就要干出点领导的事情来。in the lead 领先；主要的；占主导地位的
under the lead of 在……的领导下
lead in 导入；开场白
lead (in)to 导致；引起
lead through 引入；带领
lead a happy life 过一种幸福的生活 They were in the lead. The finish line was close.
他们目前居于领先地位，终点线就在前面不远了。
After the Iraqi war, Iraq, under the lead of U．S.A, is on the road of rebuilding. 伊拉克战争之后，在美国的主导下，伊拉克踏上了重建之路。
In the meeting, he led in the new teaching methods.
在会议上，他介绍了新的教学方法。
The path led through the trees to the river.
那条小路穿过树林通向河边。③这种政策可能导致严重的混乱。
A policy of this type could serious complications.
【答案】 ①takes the lead ②Under the lead of
③lead (in)to5．show off 炫耀
...although some people may not only be open about it, but show off their wealth.(P11)……尽管有些人对此不仅不加隐瞒，而且还炫耀他们的财富。
Don't take any notice of him. He is just showing off.
别管他，他不过在显示自己而已。
He likes to show off his abilities.
他喜欢卖弄自己的才能。④他从不卖弄自己的才能。
He never .
【答案】 ①Show the visitors in ②show you around ③showed up ④shows off his abilities如何写电子邮件
电子邮件属于非正式书信，非正式书信通常是向亲人、朋友、同学、老师或笔友问好，或跟他们联络及分享自己的经历、感受和见解。非正式书信有如下特点：
1．通常不包括正式书信的上款(即收信人及发信人的姓名和地址)。
2．没有一定的格式限制。
3．信件通常以Dear...开始。[题目要求]
假如你叫李华，你的加拿大笔友James想了解一下你参加2013年全国中学生英语夏令营活动的有关情况。请你根据下面的海报给他写一封电子邮件，谈谈有关情况和活动的意义，并邀请他来参加你们的活动。[思路点拨]
本篇文章可以从以下几个方面入手：一、注意内容的完整性，和表达内容的顺序；二、语言通俗，贴近生活；三、把要表达的内容表达清楚。[句式温习]
1．这次夏令营中，我们将举行英语演讲比赛，观看学生表演，游览大连风景名胜。
In the camp, we will ， watch wonderful performances the students and visit places of interest in Dalian.
2．另外，我们还会交流英语学习经验，用英语谈谈我们多姿多彩的校园生活。
Besides, we will and talk about our in English.3．我认为这次夏令营会大大提高我们的口语，我还会交些新朋友。
I think this summer camp will greatly and I will there.
4．我的确希望你们来参加我们的活动。
I do hope you will come and .
【答案】 1.have some English speaking competitions; given by 2.exchange our English learning experience; colorful school life 3.improve my spoken English; make some new friends 4. join in our activitiesBesides, we will exchange our English learning experience and talk about our colorful school life in English. I think this summer camp will greatly improve my spoken English and I will make some new friends there. I do hope you will come and join in our activities.
Yours truly，
Li Hua课件17张PPT。Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1． adj.严肃的
2． adj.预先的，在前的
3． v．叹息
4． n．机会
5． n．责任；义务
6． n．奖品
7． n．移民8． n．签证
9． vt. 使……整洁，整理
10． n．恩惠；照顾
11． n．使馆
12． adj.某些
13． n．回答，答复，回信
14． n．巧合
15． n. 顾客，客户
16． adj.成熟的17． vt.打断
18． vt.想象
19． n．情形，情况
20． n．目的
【答案】 1.serious 2.advance 3.sigh 4.opportunity 5．obligation 6.prize 7.immigration 8.visa 9.tidy 10.favour 11.embassy 12.certain 13.reply 14.coincidence 15.customer 16.mature 17.interrupt 18．imagine 19.circumstance 20.purposeB．词汇拓展
21． adv.自信地→ adj.自信的→ n．信心；信任
22． vt.& n．缺乏，缺少→ adj.缺乏的；缺少的
23． n．申请→ vt.申请；应用；适应
24． n．缺乏，不存在→ adj.缺席的，不到场的
25． n．道歉，致歉→ vt.道歉，致歉26． adj.谨慎的，慎重的，小心的→ n．谨慎，小心
27． n．熟人→ adj. 熟识的；知晓的→ vt. 使熟悉；使认识
28． v．骚扰，妨碍，侵犯→ n. 暴力；侵犯→ adj. 暴力的；猛烈的
【答案】 21.confidently confident confidence 22.lack lacking 23.application apply 24.absence absent 25.apology appologize 26.cautious caution 27．aquaintance acquainted acquaint 28.violate violence violent9． 除此之外；另外
10． 了解到；找出(信息)
11． put one's foot in one's mouth
12． as a consequence
13． cheer sb. up
14． leave out
15． be aware of
16． take the lead
17． show off【答案】 1.①Compare the two sentences and you'll find which one is better. ②Study hard and you'll make great progress. 2.①There is no need for you to apologize. ②There is no need for you to worry about him. 3.①I pretend that I am to be out every time he calls. ②I get nervous every time he does that. 4.①No matter how much I have to pay, I will take it. ②No matter what I said, he just wouldn't listen. 5.①Do remember to take an umbrella when you are out. ②My friend, Tom, does like to eat ice-cream.
