课件35张PPT。Period Ⅴ Culture Corner & Bulletin Board1．besides adv.& prep.而且；此外；除……之外
Besides the temple，visitors can enjoy the grounds outside，where there are more than 1，000 stone tablets and over 100，000 tombs.(P46)除了孔庙，游客们还可以在寺庙外游玩，那里有1000多个石碑和100000多个墓冢。I'd like to go to fetch the parcel for you in the post office.Besides，walking is good for my health.我愿意为你到邮局取邮包，而且，步行对我的健康也有好处。besides/except/except for/except that/apart from What do you like doing apart from(besides) swimming？除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？
I ate everything apart from(except) the soup.
除了汤没喝外，其他的我都吃了。
Your composition is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
除了几处拼写错误外，你的作文写得很好。【对接高考】
(2012·湖南高考)Bicycling is good exercise；________，it does not pollute the air.
A．nevertheless B．besides
C．otherwise D．therefore
【解析】 句意：骑自行车是一种很好的运动方式，而且又不会造成大气污染。故选B(besides而且，加之，除此以外)。
【答案】 B用apart from/besides/except/except for/except that填空
①He was standing still________his lips moved a bit.
②I had nothing on__________my socks.
③__________English，he speaks several other foreign languages.
④No one went to see the film__________Tom.
⑤__________being too large，it just doesn't suit me.
【答案】 ①except that ②except for ③Besides/Apart from ④apart from/except ⑤Apart from2．surround vt.环绕；围绕；包围
Surrounded by fields，mountains and rivers，the Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and summer.(P46)周围环绕着田野、山脉和河流，春夏两季时的古城丽江看上去就像一块翡翠般的玉石。
A crowd surrounded him.一群人围着他。surrounded adj. (后面与by/with连用)
被……环绕着的
surrounding adj.周围的
surroundings n．环境
surround n．周边；周围The old man was surrounded by a troop of children.
老人被一群孩子围住了。
The pond mirrors the surrounding trees.
那个池塘映出周围的树木。完成句子
①________(被……围绕)lots of trees and flowers，my house looks more beautiful.
②The town's water comes from ________(周围的)hills.
③He (被包围着)by people who like him.
【答案】 ①Surrounded by ②surrounding
③was surrounded3．be home to...……的家园
The valley is also home to many protected species of plants including bamboo.(P46)
河谷也是包括竹子在内的许多受保护植物物种的家园。
The jungle is home to tigers.
丛林是老虎的栖息地。at home在家
make oneself at home＝feel at home不拘束；舒适自在
get home到家
on one's way home在某人回家途中
be away from home离开家
set up home建立家庭；成家Won't you take a seat and make yourself at home?
请你坐下，随便一点好吗？
He met his old friends on his way home.
他在回家的途中碰到他的老朋友们。完成句子
①我会尽力使您有宾至如归的感受。
I'll try my best to make you____________．
②大海是鲸鱼和鲨鱼的家。
The ocean____________the whale and the shark.
【答案】 ①feel at home ②is home to4．It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
It's finally our turn to do the wallboard in the school hall！(P47)终于轮到我们在学校大厅出墙报了！
It's my turn to recite the text.
轮到我背诵这篇课文了。
It's your turn to clean the blackboard.
轮到你擦黑板了。take turns(in doing sth./to do sth.)依次；轮流做……
by turns 轮流地；交替地
in turn 依次；轮流； 转而；反过来They took turns to look after the patient.
他们轮流照看病人。
Language is the carrier of culture and in turn is influenced by culture.
语言是文化的载体，反过来文化对语言起着制约作用。完成句子
①我和我夫人通常轮流做饭。
My wife and I usually____________．
②我们每个人都得依次说一说这项新政策是如何影响我们的生活的。
Each of us____________ has to say how the new policy has affected our lives.
③我们轮流照看这个小男孩。
We looked after the little boy____________．
【答案】 ①take turns to cook ②in turn ③by turns5．send in 呈；上交；送(作品)参展；派遣
Our theme is going to be about ART and DESIGN and we need you to send in your ideas and work by MONDAY 16 FEBRUARY.(P47)我们的主题是关于艺术和设计，并且我们需要你们在2月16日星期一之前提交自己的构思和作品。
You'll have to send in your card.
你得递上名片。send sb.off 给某人送行
send away 撵走；开除
send back 送还；退回
send for 派人请
send sb.mad 使某人发疯
send up 发射；使上升 A large crowd went to the airport to send him off.
一大群人前往机场为他送别。
Since she is seriously ill，we have to send for a doctor at once.既然她病得厉害，我们要马上去请医生。用send的短语填空
①When did China ________ its first man-made satellite?
②Her mother was ill and she ________ a doctor.
③His servant was ________．
【答案】 ①send up ②sent for ③sent awayⅠ.单词拼写
1．The Old Town of Lijiang is one of the most ________(著名的)heritage sites in China.
2．The Temple of Confucius was ________(最初)built in 478 B．C..
3．What is the most famous product in your ________(当地的)area?
4．Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Area is a________(独特)natural wonder.5．Our town is ________(环绕)by mountains，fields，and rivers in three sides.
【答案】 1.outstanding 2.originally 3.local 4.unique 5.surroundedⅡ.单项填空
1．There are many other ways to advertise________broadcasting advertisements on radio and TV.
A．except B．as well
C．beside D．besides【解析】 句意：除了广播和电视上传播广告外，还有许多其他的广告形式。except除了，不包括在内；as well也；beside在……旁边；besides除了，包括在内。根据many other可以判断是包括在内的含义，故选D。
【答案】 D
2．Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits，which ________increase the risk of heart disease.
A．in turn B．in return
C．by chance D．by turns
【解析】 in turn(插入语)转而，依次，而又；in return作为报答；by chance(＝by accident)偶然地，无意中；by turns轮流地，依次。句意：紧张的环境会导致诸如不良的饮食习惯等不健康行为，而后者又会增加患心脏病的危险。
【答案】 A3．That mountain is________this kind of wolf.
A．the home to B．home to
C．the home with D．home with
【解析】 句意：那座山是这种狼的大本营。be home to...“……的家园”，为固定短语，符合语境。
【答案】 B4．The magazine English Square asks its readers to ________their comments about the best article in every edition.
A．send in B．send for
C．send off D．send up
【解析】 句意：《英语广场》杂志要求读者对每一期的最佳文章发送评论。send in 递送，呈报；send for派人请；send off给……送行；send up发射，故选A。
【答案】 A5．________by lots of wild flowers，the farm house looks more attractive.
A．Surrounded
B．Being surrounded
C．Having surrounded
D．Having been surrounded
【解析】 句意：在大量野花的包围下，那户农舍看起来更有吸引力。the farm house和surround之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，因此选A。
【答案】 AⅢ.完成句子
1．一切发生的那么快，我都来不及思考。
Everything happened ____________I hadn't any time to think.
2．依我看来，你应该抽出些时间去锻炼身体。
__________，you should __________to take exercise.
3．你得出了什么结论？
What conclusion have you ____________？
4．出去散散步怎么样？
What about________________？5．他们轮流擦黑板。
They ________________．
【答案】 1.so quickly that/quickly，so that 2.In my opinion；spare some time 3.drawn/come to/arrived at 4.going out for a walk 5.take turns to clean the blackboard/clean the blackboard by turns课件41张PPT。【美文阅读】
剪纸俗称“窗花”，是我国最普及的民间艺术之一。有着全面，美化，吉祥的表现特征。让我们了解一下其悠久的历史和象征意义吧！Paper-cutting is a very special visual art of Chinese handicrafts.One saying is that it originated from the religious ceremony of offerings.The ancient people cut papers into animals or people.They either buried them with the dead or burned them on the funerals，wishing that things that paper stands for could be with the dead.After hundreds of years' development，now they have become a very popular means of decoration among country folk，especially women.It is easy to learn about cutting a piece of paper but very difficult to master it with perfection.Beginners need only a knife and paper.For craftsman，they need knives and gravers of various types to make complicated(复杂的)patterns.For complicated patterns，people first pasted the pattern on the paper and then used various kinds of knives to make it.No mistake can be made during the process otherwise the work would fail.
Paper-cutting covers nearly all topics，from flowers，birds，animals，legendary people，figures in classic no-vels，to types of facial make-up in Beijing Opera.Paper-cutting has various styles in different parts of China.
In the past，women living in the countryside gathered in their free time to make paper-cutting，which is a way to judge their skillfulness.As society develops，fewer and fewer still regard it as a profession.At present，there are factories and associations for paper-cutting in China.Exhibitions and exchanges are held regularly and books of this kind are published.Paper-cutting has changed from decoration to a kind of art.At the same time，paper-cutting also appears in cartoons，on stage，in magazines or in TV series.【诱思导学】
1．Why did ancient people burn paper animals or people on the funerals?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2．If a mistake is made during the paper-cutting，what should the craftman do?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________ 3．Is paper-cutting still popular today?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
【答案】 1.They wanted them to go with the dead.
2．They should have the process again and the previous work will be wasted.
3．Yes，as a kind of art，it is still popular.Period Ⅰ Previewing教师用书独具演示●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给内容的学习，了解下一课时即将出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，将对下一节课内容的全面理解起到了铺垫作用。●教学地位
此部分内容是对下一课时的感悟和预习，合理利用本学案，能大大提升下一课时的课堂效率，有效提升学生学习英语的热情，促进课堂的积极活跃程度，并能在课上能与老师形成较为默契的配合。●新课导入建议
让学生讨论艺术设计对各自生活和学习的影响，直接导入新课。在设计这堂课时，要从激发学生的兴趣出发，介绍有关的背景知识，给学生布置具有一定挑战性的任务，让学生以如何设计班级迎新年板报为话题进行讨论或口笔头描述。●教学流程设计演示结束Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P36的Reading部分，在表格中填入恰当的单词或短语【答案】 1.Racing Horse 2.poetry 3.at high speed 4.shades of grey 5.interest 6.guessing 7.thought 8.elegantly 9.detail 10.blackⅡ.语篇理解
阅读P36的Reading 部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．How did Xu Beihong show the moving hair on the horse's mane and tail?
A．By drawing in black ink.
B．By drawing in red ink.
C．By drawing quickly.2．What is Qi Baishi's style of painting?
A．Drawing portraits of beautiful women.
B．Drawing simple things from everyday life and leaving audience space to imagine.
C．Drawing moving horses.
3．How does Chen Yifei emphasize the women?
A．By drawing her beautifully.
B．By making the background red.
C．By adding details to their fan and dress and paint the background black.4．In Qi Baishi's forties，he mainly painted pictures of ________．
A．scenery B．birds C．insects
5．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Chen Yifei lived a longer life than Xu Beihong.
B．Chen Yifei's Poppy，which sold for US$503，000，is the most valuable painting by Chinese artists.
C．In Xu Beihong's paintings，there is usually a poem.
【答案】 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.BⅢ.课文缩写
从方框中选择恰当的单词或短语，完成下列短文pictures of scenery；the audience；artist；images；valuable；exhibitions；portraits；promote；tradition；imaginationA Matter of Taste
Xu Beihong(1895-1953)was important in modern Chinese folk art because he developed the 1.________ of combining poetry with painting.Between 1933 and 1940, he held a number of 2.________ in Asia and Europe to promote 3.________．The painting，named Racing Horse was one of his masterpieces.Qi Baishi(1863-1957)was one of China's greatest painters.He worked with wood during his early youth.Then between 1902 and 1909, he travelled across the country and painted many 4.________. His interest changed later to simple 5.________. Qi Baishi's style of painting often leaves 6.________guessing and makes them use their 7.________．
Chen Yifei(1946-2005)was a very successful 8.________．His soft 9.________of beautiful women are very10．________．In 1997，one of his paintings，named Poppy sold for US$ 503，000.
【答案】 1.tradition 2.exhibitions 3.Chinese art
4．pictures of scenery 5.images 6.the audience
7．imagination 8.artist 9.portraits 10.valuableⅠ.词义搭配
1．abstract A．something only imagined and not real
2．imagination B．to win something through one's effort
3．gain C．existing only in the mind
4．exhibition D．protective covering that protects something from direct sunlight5．promote E．a small part that can be considered separately from the whole
6．shade F．to give extra weight to (a communication); to stress, single out as important
7．emphasise G．to contribute to the progress or growth of
8．detail H．a collection of things (goods or works of art etc.) for public display
【答案】 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.H 5.G 6.D 7.F 8.EⅡ.短语填空at high speed; fix one's eyes on; deep in thought; combine...with...; across the country；add...to...; so far; during one's lifetime1．He lay still in bed and was________________．
2．The TV series became popular______________．
3．We must build our country________________．4．I have had no reply from her________________．
5．He's lived several places________________．
6．She________________the picture.
【答案】 1.deep in thought 2.across the country 3.at high speed 4.so far 5.during his life 6.fixed her eyes onⅢ.句型背诵
1．Qi Baishi's style of painting often leaves the audience guessing and makes them use their imagination.
齐白石的绘画风格常给观赏者留出运用想象力解读其内涵的余地。
2．In the painting a young woman sits alone and is_deep_in_thought．
在这幅画里，一位年轻女子独自坐着陷入沉思。3．I wish I_could_have_bought a painting，but they are too expensive for me!
我希望我能买一幅画，但是它们对于我来说太贵了！课件120张PPT。Period Ⅱ Warm-up & A Matter of Taste教师用书独具演示●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过对学案中重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，并能够运用这些词语造句。(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对介词的一般用法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识。
●教学地位
词汇是构成句子的最小单位，在英语学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和记忆英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。本课时的语法是介词的一般用法，是对初中已学语法的延伸和扩展，学生有一定的基础，学习起来应该比较轻松。●新课导入建议
可以尝试用学生日常生活的话题互动式引入本课：
T: I think most of us like drawing something in your spare time. Drawing is part of our life, do you think so?
S：T: We know there are all kinds of paintings in the world. What are your favorite paintings? Tell the class. Use some key words to help you. (show some slides about paintings)
S：
T: Why do you like these paintings?
S：●教学流程设计 演示结束1．abstract adj.抽象的；泛泛的(不具体)；难以理解的；深奥的
style：realistic，abstract，pop，modern(P35)
风格：现实主义的，抽象的，流行的，现代的
Beauty is abstract but a house is not.
美是抽象的，而房屋不是抽象的。
His idea seems a little abstract.
他的主意有点儿让人费解。abstract n．摘录；摘要 v．提取；摘要
abstract sth.from sth.从某物中提炼出某物
in the abstract抽象地；在观念上；在理论上 Rubber is abstracted from trees.
橡胶是从树木中提取的。
Consider the problem in the abstract.
从理论上考虑一下这个问题。猜测下列句中abstract的词性和词义
①Your explanation is too abstract for me.________
②Please write an abstract of this article.________
③This machine can abstract salt from sea water.________
④Please abstract this scientific article.________
【答案】 ①adj.深奥的 ②n.摘要 ③vt.提取
④vt.做摘要2．straight(P35)adj.直的；诚实的 adv.直接，立即
Anne loved Rome with its open spaces and long straight avenues.安妮喜欢罗马开阔的空地和笔直的长街。
The truck ran straight towards us.
这辆卡车朝我们直冲过来。
【提示】 straight既可作形容词，也可作副词。没有straightly这个词。in a straight line成直线地
straight off/away立刻，马上
come straight to the point 开门见山，直奔主题
tell sb.straight out 直截了当地告诉某人
keep sb.straight 使某人端正自己的行为 History never travels in a straight line.
历史从来都不是直线发展的。
He should be arrested straight off.
应该立即逮捕他。完成句子
①I'll do it________(立刻；马上)．
②I'll come________(开门见山地说)—your work isn't good enough.
【答案】 ①straight away ②straight to the point单句改错
③She looked me straightly in the eye.
_______________________________________________
【答案】 ③straightly→straight3．imagination(P35)想象力；创造力
Picasso is a painter of rich imagination.
毕加索是个想象力十分丰富的画家。
They were successful beyond imagination.
他们的成功超乎想象。
【教师备课资源】
imaginative adj.具有想象力的
imaginable adj.可想象的；想象得到的
imaginary adj.虚构的；幻想的 American football really caught the imagination of the British public.美式足球确实使英国民众入迷。
You can imagine how surprised I was.
你可以想象我是多么惊讶。完成句子
①她心中所构思的超乎了我们的想象。
What she has in mind is ____________．
②在孩提时代，我并未想象成为一名作家。
I didn't ________ in my childhood.
【答案】 ①beyond our imagination ②imagine becoming a writer4．pain(P35)n.疼；痛
He felt a sharp pain in his knee.
他感到膝盖一阵剧痛。
She hated to say the words，for fear of causing pain.
她讨厌说那些话，怕伤害了别人。(be)in pain疼痛；在苦恼中
have a pain in the leg/back etc.腿/背等疼
spare no pains(to do sth.)不遗余力；全力以赴
take pains(to do sth.)尽力；费事；下功夫
with great pains煞费苦心地
painful adj.疼痛的；令人痛苦的
painfully adv.疼痛地；痛苦地Take these pills if you're in pain.
要是疼痛你就服下这些药片。
He always takes great pains to keep his parents happy.
他总是不遗余力地让他父母高兴。
He educated his children with great pains.
他煞费苦心地教育他的子女。pain/ache/hurt It pained her to admit that she was wrong.
承认自己的错误使她感到很痛苦。
Every bone in my body seems to ache.
我全身疼痛。
My legs hurt after covering such a long distance.
在走完了这么远的路程之后我感到腿疼。用pain/ache/hurt的适当形式填空
①She was deeply________(伤害) by his unkind words.
②It gave us much________(悲痛) to learn of the sad news.
③The noise of the traffic made me________(头痛)．
④She had a________(疼痛的) cut on her thumb.
⑤The doctor are treating his________(牙疼)．
【答案】 ①hurt ②pain ③headache ④painful ⑤toothache5．Between 1933 and 1940，he held several exhibitions in Asia and Europe to promote Chinese Art.(P36)
在1933年到1940年期间，他在亚洲和欧洲举办多场展览来宣传中国艺术。
(1)exhibition n．展览；展出；展览品
We went to an exhibition of Chinese paintings at the museum.我们去博物馆参观中国画展。on exhibition展出
for exhibition作为展览之用
exhibit v．展览；展出
exhibitor n．展览者；参展者Some of the children's paintings are now on exhibition at school.现在学校里正展出孩子们的一些画。
Next week those goods will exhibit in that shop.
下个星期，这些货物将在那家商店展出。完成句子
①The photographs will be________(展出) until the end of the month.
②He lent me all the antiques________(作为展览之用)．
【答案】 ①on exhibition ②for exhibition(2)promote v．促进；推动；促销；推销；提升
The band has gone on tour to promote their new album.这个乐队已开始巡回宣传他们的新唱片。
Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster.
我们的老师已被提升为校长。①be/get promoted得到提升；获得晋升
promote growth/prosperity/understanding促进增长/繁荣/了解
be promoted from...to...从……升级为……
②派生词：promotion n．推广；促销；推销；提升
promoter n．筹办人；倡导者 He failed in all his attempt to get promoted.
他为晋升所做的一切努力都失败了。
He was promoted from (a)clerk to assistant manager.
他由办事员被提升为副经理。完成句子
③He will soon____________(被提升为) the position of director.
④The area____________(正被推广) as a tourist destination.
⑤They worked for the____________(促进) of world peace.
【答案】 ③be promoted to ④is being promoted ⑤promotion6．Across this painting，named_Racing_Horse，we can see a horse running at_high_speed like a missile across the sky.(P36)在这幅名为《奔马》的画作中，我们可以看到一匹飞速奔驰的马像导弹一样划过天空。
(1)此句中named Racing Horse 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰名词painting，相当于一个非限制性定语从句which is named Racing Horse过去分词作定语时，经常表示被动或完成的动作。The boy knocked over by a car this morning is my deskmate.今天上午被车撞倒的那位男孩是我的同桌。
I'm quite sorry to have lost the book borrowed from the school library.
非常遗憾我把从校图书馆借阅的那本书弄丢了。
【对接高考】
(2013·陕西高考)The witnesses________by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A．questioned B．being questioned
C．to be questioned D．having questioned【解析】 考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处需要一个非谓语动词作witnesses的后置定语；且判断动词question与witnesses间为被动关系；根据非谓语动词短语中标志词just now可知动作question已经完成。故可选A。区别：done作后置定语意为“已被……的”；being done作后置定语意为“正被……的”；to be done作后置定语意为“将被……的”。
【答案】 A
句型转换
①The story，which was written by a young girl，became popular with the young.
→The story，____________，became popular with the young.②Mrs.White showed her students some old maps borrowed from the library.
→Mrs.White showed her students some old maps____________from the library.
【答案】 ①written by a young girl ②that/which were borrowed
(2)at high speed高速
It's dangerous to go round corners at high speed.
高速转弯很危险。with all(great) speed 全速地/很快地
at full(top，high，low) speed 全(高、低)速
at(a speed of)50 miles per hour
以每小时50英里的速度【教师备课资源】
put on speed 加速
speed vi.&vt.急驰；快行；加快
speed up 加速
The bus moves along at a slow but steady speed.
公共汽车以缓慢而稳定的速度前进。
完成句子
③Tom finished the work____________(很快地)．
④They got to the spot of the accident____________(以最快的速度)．
⑤We were travelling____________(以每小时40英里的速度)．
【答案】 ③with great speed ④at full/top speed
⑤at(a speed of)40 miles per hour7．shade n．阴凉处；阴影部分 v．遮住；(色调)逐渐变化
He also used different shades of grey in a creative way to show the sweat along the horse's body.(P36)他还创造性地运用不同的灰影来表示马身上流淌的汗水。
We sat down to rest under the shade of a tree.
我们坐在树阴下休息。put sb./sth.in(to) the shade
使某人/物相形见绌；使黯然无光
in the shade 在阴凉处
under the shade of a tree 在树荫下
shade...from...使……免受……的照射Stay in the shade.Don't get sunburnt.
待在阴凉处。不要被晒伤了。
You should shade your eyes from the sun.
你应该遮起你的眼睛以避开阳光。shade/shadow用shade/shadow的适当形式填空
①Let's sit in the________for a while.
②As the sun went down we cast long________on the lawn(草坪)．
【答案】 ①shade ②shadows8．fix one's eyes on 注视；凝视
Its black eyes，which are fixed on the cabbage，show the creature's interest in the vegetable.(P36)
它的黑眼睛正盯着白菜，显露出对白菜的极大兴趣。
Everyone fixed their eyes on the new student.
大家都注视着那个新学生。fix sth. on/upon sb./sth.集中(目光、注意力、思想等)于某人/某事物
fix on确定；决定；选定
fix up 修理，整理；安顿，安排
fix(up)a/the date for...为……确定日期
with one's eyes fixed on 注意力集中于……【教师备课资源】
fix sth.to/onto/on sth.把……安装/固定到……上
fix one's mind/attention on集中心思/注意力于……
have an eye for sth.对某事物有鉴赏眼光
keep an eye on sb./sth.照看某物/某人
catch one's eye 引起某人的注意 We have finally fixed on a place to have the concert.
我们终于定好了举行音乐会的地点。
I've fixed up(for us)to go to the theatre next week.
我已安排好(我们)下星期天去看戏。完成句子
①Her eyes____________(紧盯着) the notice on the wall.
②We've ____________(为……确定日期) the wedding.
【答案】 ①were fixed on ②fixed a/the date for9．leave sb.doing sth.让某人做某事
Qi Baishi's style of painting often leaves the audience guessing and makes them use their imagination.(P36)齐白石的绘画作品常给观赏者留出运用想象力解读其内涵的余地。
They walked off and left me sitting there all by myself.他们走了，让我一个人孤零零地坐在那里。leave后的宾语补足语可以是形容词、介词短语、动词不定式或过去分词等结构，该结构常表示“让……处于某种状态，让……去做某事”。You'd better leave the door open.
你最好让门开着。
I'm sorry I've left some of your questions unanswered.
很抱歉，你提出的有些问题我没有回答。完成句子
①他的话使我陷入了沉思。
What he said left me__________．
②他对这个令人激动的故事竟然无动于衷。
The moving story__________．
③他的病使他身体虚弱。
His illness__________．④什么事使他离开了这么长时间？
What has left him________for so long?
【答案】 ①thinking deeply/deep in thought ②left him unmoved ③left him weak ④away
10．typical adj.典型的
The painting，named Poppy，is a typical example of Chen's style.(P36)这幅名为《罂粟》的画是陈逸飞艺术风格的经典杰作。
Turkey is a typical food for the Thanksgiving Day dinner.
火鸡是感恩节晚餐的代表性食物。be typical of 是……的典型特征
It is typical of sb.to do sth.做某事是某人的个性；某人一向如此This painting is fairly typical of his early work.
这幅画是他早期作品中相当典型的代表作。
It is typical of him to be at work ahead of time.
提前上班是他一贯的做法。完成句子
①这是有当地风味的饭菜。
The meal________________local cookery.
②她这个人一向爱忘事。
It was________________forget.
【答案】 ①is typical of ②typical of her to11．deep in thought陷入沉思
In the painting，a young woman sits alone and is deep in thought.(P36)在这幅画里，一位年轻女子独自坐着陷入沉思。
He sat there，deep in thought.
他坐在那里，陷入沉思。
【提示】 deep/lost in thought 可在句中用作表语、状语、定语或宾补。at the thought of...一想到……
without a moment's thought立即，不加思考地I feel nervous at the thought of the coming exam.
我一想到即将来临的考试就害怕。
I agreed without a moment's thought.
我没有片刻的思考就同意了。完成句子
①Mother used to scold the boy____________(不加考虑地)．
②He cheered up____________(一想到) seeing his son again.
③____________(因为埋头思考)，he almost ran into a car.
【答案】 ①without a moment's thought ②at the thought of ③Deep/Lost in thought12．To emphasise the woman even more，Chen adds a lot of detail to the fan and the cloth of her dress，and chooses to paint the background behind the woman black.(P36)为更进一步突出这位女子，陈逸飞在她的扇子和衣服的布料上加入很多细节，并选择黑色作为女子背后的背景颜色。
(1)emphasise vt.强调
It should be emphasised that this is only one possible explanation.应该强调的是，这只是一种可能的解释。emphasis n．强调；重点
lay/put/place emphasis on
把重点放在……；着重于；强调
It cannot be emphasised enough that...
无论怎么强调……也不过分Special emphasis should be laid/put/placed on language study.语言的学习应该受到格外的重视。完成句子
①不要过于强调语法。
Don't________________grammar.
②老师无论怎么强调英语的重要性也不过分。
________________that the teacher emphasises the importance of English.
【答案】 ①put/lay/place too much emphasis on ②It cannot be emphasised enough(2)detail n．细节；琐事；详细；明细
We need to discuss a few details before you start.
在你开始之前，我们需要讨论一些细节问题。
The full details of the agreement have not yet been made public.协定的全部细节尚未公布。in detail 详细地
for further details 欲知详细情况
go into detail(s) 详细叙述；逐一说明Please explain the problem to us in detail.
请向我们详细解释这个问题。【对接高考】
(2011·江苏高考)We'd better discuss everything ________ before we work out the plan.
A．in detail B．in general
C．on purpose D．on time
【解析】 句意：制订计划前我们最好把一切事情详细讨论一下。in detail表示“详细地”，符合句意。
【答案】 A完成句子
③简要地告诉我所发生的事情，不要详述。
Tell me what happened in a few words；don't____________．
④若家长需要获取更多有关此活动的详情，欢迎致电校务处。
Parents are welcome to call the office about the activity____________．
【答案】 ③go into detail(s) ④for further details13．I_wish_I_could_have_bought_a_painting，but they are too expensive for me！(P37)我希望我能买一幅画，但是它们对于我来说太贵了！
wish＋that-clause(that常省去)。宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，表示“未实现或不太可能实现的愿望”。
构成形式：I wish I were rich enough to buy a new car.
我希望我足够富有买得起新车。(与现在事实相反)
How I wish I had got the information earlier!
我是多么希望当时早点得到这信息啊！(与过去事实相反)
Is it going to snow this afternoon？If so，I wish you would stay.今天下午将要下雪是吗？要是如此，我希望你留下来。(表示对将要发生事情的一种愿望)【对接高考】
(2011·北京高考)—Where are the children？The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they________always late.
A．weren't B．hadn't been
C．wouldn't be D．wouldn't have been【解析】 句意：——孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。——我但愿他们不要老是迟到。wish后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。故选A项。
【答案】 A
翻译句子
①但愿你当时来听报告了。
I wish ___________________________________________________.
②但愿我能年轻十岁。
I wish _________________________________________.
③如果有一天我能飞到月球上就好了。
I wish _______________________________________.【答案】 ①you had come to the lecture ②I were ten years younger ③I could fly to the moon some day观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会介词的用法。
①During his lifetime，he developed the tradition of combining poetry with painting.
②Between 1933 and 1940，he had several exhibitions in Asia and Europe to promote Chinese art.
③We can see a horse running at high speed like a missile across the sky. ④In 1997，one of his paintings sold for US$503，000.
[自我总结] 以上四句都含有多个介词，①句中的介词有：________；②句中的介词有：________；③句中的介词有：________；④句中的介词有：________。
【答案】 during，of，with；between，in；at，like，across；in，of，for介词
介词(preposition)又叫做前置词，一般置于名词之前。它是一种虚词，一般不重读，在句中不单独作任何句子成分，只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语、状语、表语、补语或介词宾语。2．表示时间之前用before，之后用after或in。
表示“在某段时间之后”，介词in短语常与将来时连用。
after与表示“某段时间”的词语连用时，句子谓语动词常用过去时。
after与表示“某一特定时间”的词语连用时，句子动词用过去时、将来时均可。
We'll have to finish the work before rain season.
雨季到来之前，我们得干完这些活。Please wait here.I'll come back in a few minutes.
请在这儿等一下。我几分钟后就回来。
He came back from abroad after two years.
两年后他从国外回来了。
We'll come back after five o'clock.
我们将在五点以后回来。3．表延续的一段时间用for和since。
for后只接表示一段时间的词语。而since只接表示特定时间点的词语。
I have been here for two hours.我来这儿两小时了。
I have worked here since 1996.
自1996年以来，我一直在这儿工作。4．by，during，till，until表时间。
by表示时间点，表示“不迟于，到……时候为止”。
during可以表示一段持续的时间，也可以表示这段持续时间中的某一点或一刻，视具体情况而定。
till与until也可以表示一段时间。一般来说，till在肯定句中与延续性动词连用，until则常用在否定句中，与瞬间动词连用。
Your son will be all right by supper time.
到晚饭时你儿子就会好了。He called on me during my absence.
他来看我时我不在。
He had stayed in Shanghai till last week.
他在上海一直待到上星期。
Don't go away until I come back.
我回来你才能离开。二、表示地点的介词
1．表示地点的in和at。
介词in通常表示大地方，而at通常表示小地方。所谓的大地方或小地方是相对而言的。
He arrived at New York in America two days ago.
两天之前他到达了美国的纽约。
2．表示地点的at和to。
at和to都可以表示“朝向……”，但是at表示“以某一点为目标”，而to则单纯表示方向。
Don't shout at me.别对我叫喊。
This road leads to Paris.这条路通往巴黎。3．表示地点的in，into和within。
in表示一种静态，意思是“在……之中”。
into表示一种动态，意思是“到……之中”。
within表示“在……之内”，不超出某一范围。
He is working in the study now.
此刻他正在书房学习。
The man walked into the house in the dark.
这个男子在黑暗中走进了房子。
He kept within doors all day yesterday.
他昨天一整天都在屋里。三、表示“以……(方式)”，“用……(语言)”的介词用in
He finished his task in a strange way.
他用奇怪的方式完成了任务。
They talked in English.他们英语交谈。
Please write in pencil，not in ink.
请用铅笔写，不要用钢笔写。四、表示“用……，由……”用by；表示“用……工具”用with；表示“穿过……”用across和through，表示“沿着”用down和along
Ancient Chinese people wrote with writing brushes.
古代中国人用毛笔写字。
He was beaten by his father.
他被他父亲打了一顿。
I walked through the forest.
我穿过了森林。Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·福建高考)Nothing is so easy as ________ parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.
A．of B．to C．by D．for
【解析】 句意：父母很容易对自己的孩子产生很高的期望值。本题考查句型be＋形容词(easy)＋for sb.to do...中的介词。
【答案】 D2．(2012·辽宁高考)The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place ________ the main road at the far end of the lake.
A．to B．for C．off D．out
【解析】 句意：Well Hotel坐落在湖泊那头一个安静的地方，远离主路。off距，离，到(远至某处)，离开。
【答案】 C3．(2012·浙江高考)________ all the animals I've ever had，these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.
A．From B．Of C．For D．With
【解析】 句意：在所有我养过的动物中，这两只狗对语言最敏感。此处of用来表示范围，在……之中。from，for，with均不可以用来表示范围。
【答案】 B4．(2012·陕西高考)An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ________ it.
A．against B．for C．to D．with
【解析】 句意：意见达成一致看来是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。against反对；for为了；to向，对；with和。根据句意应选择A项。
【答案】 A5．(2012·安徽高考)You can change your job，you can move house，but friendship is meant to be ________ life.
A．of B．on C．to D．for
【解析】 句意：你可以换工作，可以搬家，但友谊却是受用终生的。for life意为：一生，终生。其余三项均不符合语境。
【答案】 D6．(2012·北京高考)Do you think this shirt is too tight ________ the shoulders?
A．at B．on C．to D．across
【解析】 句意：你觉得这件衬衫肩膀的位置太紧了吗？across the shoulders指肩宽，两肩的距离，故选择D项。
【答案】 D7．(2012·上海高考)________passion，people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.
A．For B．Without C．Beneath D．By
【解析】 句意：如果没有热情，人们会缺乏创造性思维所需要的动机或快乐。for为了，对……；without没有，不用；beneath在……下面；by由，用，到……时。根据句意可知正确答案为B项。
【答案】 B8．(2013·山东高考)The Smiths are praised________the way they bring up their children.
A．from B．by C．at D．for
【解析】 考查介词。句意：史密斯夫妇因为他们养育孩子的方式而受到称赞。短语be praised for...“因……而受到称赞”。
【答案】 B9．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)It was a real race________time to get the project done.Luckily, we made it.
A．over B．by C．for D．against
【解析】 考查介词。句意：这真是一个需要争分夺秒才能完成的项目。幸运的是，我们圆满完成了。四个选项中的介词只有against与time构成against time，争分夺秒，故选D。
【答案】 D10．(2011·重庆高考)Shirley，a real book lover，often brings home many books to read ________ the library.
A．in B．for C．by D．from
【解析】 句意：雪莉，一个十足的读书爱好者，经常从图书馆借很多书回家看。表示“从某处”用介词from，故选D。
【答案】 DⅡ.用适当的介词填空
1．The two buildings are similar________the whole.
2．The teacher limited his students________500 words for their compositions.
3．Everyone in the class is expected to participate______the discussion.
4．He valued the house for me________20，000 pounds，which is ________my financial ability.
5．He is hoping to compete________the London marathon.6．He tried________vain to catch the butterfly on the flower.
7．I am not really familiar________their local laws；you'd better turn to a lawyer________help.
8．She has been________hospital for days but her illness just started________a common cold.
9．As the President's car drew up，the crowd broke______loud applause.
10．Don't you know that the fabric was painted________hand?【答案】 1.on 2.to 3.in 4.at；beyond 5.in 6.in 7.with；for 8.in；with 9.into 10.by课件89张PPT。Period Ⅲ Great Buildings & Chinese Paper Art教师用书独具演示●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点词汇和句式的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些词汇和句式，并能够运用这些知识点造句。(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够熟练的运用定语从句的语法功能。
(4)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
●教学地位
定语从句的语法内容是学生感到相对难以掌握的，语法规则较多，易混易错的地方层出不穷。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是学生学好英语的关键，不应该简单地让学生死记硬背语法条文。●新课导入建议
Answer these questions to prepare yourself.
Use the key words below to help you.
light; shining; round; soft; square; dark; bright
1．What words should you use when describing paintings?
2．What subjects of paintings or pictures do you like best when you choose the items?●教学流程设计演示结束1．feature(P38)n.特征；特色
Her mouth is her best feature.
她的嘴是她容貌上最好看的部分。
Wet weather is a feature of the area.
天气潮湿是这个地区的一个特色。feature v．是……的特征；以……为特色；起重要作用；是主要特色
feature in在……中起主要作用The car features an anti?lock braking system.
这种车装有防抱死刹车系统。
Violence seems to feature heavily in all of his books.
暴力似乎是他所有作品中的主要特色。feature/characteristicHis method of study was characteristic.
他的学习方法是别开生面的。用feature/characteristic填空
①Noise is a________of city life.
②A________of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.
【答案】 ①feature ②characteristic2．ruin(P38)vt.使毁灭；毁坏；n.毁灭；崩溃
Laziness will ruin one's prospects.
懒惰会使人自毁前程。
We visited the ruins of the temple.
我们参观了那个庙宇的遗迹。in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪
fall into ruin 破败；坍塌
bring...to ruin 使……毁灭The castle now lies in ruins.
这座城堡现在已是一片废墟。
A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution.革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。damage/destroy/ruin The strong wind damaged several houses.
强风损坏了几间房子。
The earthquake destroyed many lives.
这次地震夺走了许多人的生命。用damage/destroy/ruin的正确形式填空
①The earthquake________almost the whole town.
②The fire________the castle.
③Hundreds of houses in the area were ________ by the storm.
【答案】 ①destroyed ②ruined ③damaged3．sort of adv.几分，有点，稍微(修饰形容词或动词)
Inside，it's sort of strange.(P39)里面，有点奇怪。
The man was sort of peculiar.
那男子有点古怪。
I sort of like him，but I don't know why.
我有点喜欢他，但不知道为什么。sort of＝a little/a bit/kind of一点儿
a sort of＝a kind of一种
all sorts of＝all kinds of各种各样的
some sort of某种 I don't like all sorts of music.
我并不是喜欢各种音乐。
I suppose we shall be having some sort of celebration for the bride.我想我们还是来为新娘庆祝一番吧。完成句子
①他们以各种各样的名义干这种事。
They did it under____________names.
②把爷爷独自留下来，我们有些担心。
We were____________worried about leaving our grandfather alone.
【答案】 ①all sorts of ②sort of4．Chen Zijiang is a paper-cutting expert whom I interviewed for my article on Chinese Art.(P40)陈子江是我为写有关中国艺术的文章而采访过的剪纸专家。
(1)paper-cutting剪纸(为合成词)
英语中将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词方法叫合成法。(1)复合名词：
①名词＋名词 football 足球
②形容词＋名词 greenhouse 温室
③动词＋名词 pickpocket 扒手
④副词＋名词 income 收入
⑤动词＋副词 breakup 瓦解
⑥名词＋介词＋名词 sister-in-law 嫂子(2)复合形容词：
①名词＋形容词 world-famous 世界闻名的
②名词＋分词 heart-broken 伤心的
③形容词＋分词 good-looking 好看的，new-born 新生的
④副词＋分词 far-reaching深远的，well-known 出名的
⑤形容词＋名词＋ed warm-hearted 热心肠的
⑥数词＋名词 three-year-old 三岁的完成句子
①我们用了3小时的旅程才到娱乐园。
It took us ________ journey to get to the amusement.
②北京是一个世界闻名的城市。
Beijing is____________________．
【答案】 ①a three-hour ②a world-famous city(2)interview v．采访；与(人)面谈 n．会见，采访，面试
I interviewed him about some things.
就一些事情，我采访了他。
The Prime Minister gave an interview after the conference.首相在会后接受了采访。interview sb.about sth.就某事采访某人
give an interview接见；接受采访
have an interview for sth.为……参加面试
have an interview with sb.与某人面谈/会见
interviewer n．采访者；(进行)面试的人
interviewee n．被面试者；被采访人I have an interview for a new job tomorrow.
我要找新的工作，明天有次面试。
Joe will have an interview with the president of the company.乔明天与公司总裁有个会谈。完成句子
③露茜准备去一家公司面试。
Lucy is going to____________in a company.
④面试官问了每个面试者不同的问题。
The________asked each________different questions.
【答案】 ③have an interview ④interviewer；interviewee5．date back(to)追溯到
Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty！(P40)人们曾经在南北朝时期的墓穴中发现过动物形状的剪纸！
The church dates back to 1173.
这所教堂是在1173年建的。date from追溯到
out of date过时
up to date最新
up?to?date adj.最新式的【教师备课资源】
make a date for sth.定下做某事的日期
set/fix a date for sth. 约定做某事的日期
have a date with sb.同某人约会 The custom dates from the time when men wore swords.这习俗从人类佩刀剑时就有了。
My ID card is out of date.我的身份证过期了。
All our information is up to date on the computer.
我们计算机上的信息都是最新的。
【提示】 date back to相当于date from，只能用于主动语态，不能用于被动语态和进行时，但可用其v.-ing形式作定语、补语、状语等。谈论现存的物品或建筑物时，虽然这一事物建造于过去某一时期，但仍用一般现在时。完成句子
①This building ________(追溯到)1823.
②This book is ________(最新的)．
【答案】 ①dates back to/dates from ②up to date6．purpose n．目的；意图；用途
Mr.Chen went on to explain that there are three types of paper cuts which people still make today；paper cuts for decoration，for religious purposes and for design patterns.(P40)陈先生接着解释说，人们今天仍然在做的剪纸有三种：装饰用的剪纸、宗教目的用的剪纸和式样设计用的剪纸。
I'm not sure about the main purpose of their activity.
我对他们活动的主要目的不明确。
For what purpose did you go to Africa?
你去非洲的目的何在呢？on purpose 故意地
on purpose to do 为了……而特意地做某事
with/for the purpose of 出于……的目的；为了……【教师备课资源】
to the purpose 合乎目的的(地)；中肯的(地)
serve/answer a/the purpose达到……的目的The boy made a noise on purpose to draw others' attention.这男孩制造噪音是为了吸引别人的注意力。
Disney went to the town for/with the purpose of finding a job.为了能找到一份工作，迪斯尼进城了。用正确的介词填空
①The purpose ________ their visit is to ask for help.
②He didn't tell her the news________purpose，but it really made her sad.
③I am coming________the purpose of telling you the good news.
【答案】 ①of ②on ③for/with7．character n．(书写或印刷的)字；字体
Paper cuts which show the Chinese character for double happiness are often used to celebrate weddings.(P40)
中国“囍”字的剪纸常用来庆贺婚礼。
He writes Chinese characters well.
他汉字写得很好。character性格，品质，特色；(书、剧本中的)人物；名声，声望
in character 符合某人的性格
out of character 不符合某人的性格
build(up)one's character 磨炼意志
characterless adj.无特色的
characteristic adj.特有的；n.特征，特色
characterize vt.使……具有特点，是……的特征The students vary from one to another in character.
学生们的性格各不相同。
Her behaviour last night was quite out of character.
她昨晚的举止与她的性格很不相符。
This is good for building up one's character.
这有利于磨炼意志。猜测下列句中character的意思
①His character is very different from his wife.________
②You can look up a character under its radical(部首)． ________
③I find all the characters in his new play amusing.
________
④I wish this book was written in bigger characters.
________
【答案】 ①性格 ②汉字 ③人物角色 ④字体8．be related to与……有亲属关系；与……相关/有联系
People to whom the dead person was related would make these offerings on special days and during festivals.(P40)死者亲属会在特殊的日子或节日剪这些祭祀剪纸。
She said we were related to him in some way.
她说我们和他有点亲戚关系。
What he does can't be related to what he says.
他所做的和他所说的联系不起来。relate sth.to/with sth. 把……与……联系起来
relate v．有联系；把……联系起来
relation n．关系；联系；亲戚
in relation to 关于，涉及；相对……而言 Does the new law relate only to theft?
新的法规是否只涉及盗窃案？
Latest development in relation to the disease will be discussed in detail in next chapter.
下一章会详细地谈论这种疾病的最新进展。用relate to/be related to填空
①No one would ________him ________full marks.
②Hitler________the Second World War.
【答案】 ①relate；to ②was related to9．try out试用；试验
I was also ready to try out paper?cutting for myself.(P40)我还准备好了亲自制作剪纸。
Jamie could hardly wait to try out his new bike.
杰米迫不及待地想试一下他的新自行车。
They are trying out a new presenter for the show.
他们正在为这个节目试用一位新的主持人。try on试穿
try one's luck碰运气
try out for sth.参加……选拔；试演……
try for 力争获得
try one's best尽力Try the shoes on before you buy them.
鞋子要先穿上试一试再买。
They went to Shenzhen to try their luck there.
他们去深圳碰碰运气。用适当的副词或介词填空
①Try ________ the new medicine for a year and we'll see how well it works.
②Though he has been left far behind，he is still trying ________ the victory.
③Girls like to try ________ beautiful dresses，but they seldom buy them.
【答案】 ①out ②for ③on观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会定语从句的用法。
①Chen Zijiang is a paper-cutting expert whom I interviewed for my article on Chinese Art.
②Paper-cutting is something that he learned to do from an early age.
③A present for parents whose child has recently been born might show a paper cut of children.④People to whom the dead person was related would make these offerings on special days and during festivals.
[自我总结] 以上四个复合句均含有一个________。这四个定语从句修饰的先行词分别是：________；________；________；________。
【答案】 定语从句；expert；something；parents；people定语从句
一、基本概念
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词起形容词作用的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。用来引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词通常有下列三个作用：(1)引导定语从句；(2)代替先行词；(3)在定语从句中担当某个成分。二、基本用法
1．that既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious.(作宾语)
我煮的面条很好吃。
The woman that spoke to me in the shop is my aunt.
在商店里和我说话的那个妇女是我的姨妈。2．which仅指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
China is a country which has a long history.(作主语)
中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
The fish(which)we bought this morning was not fresh.(作宾语)我们今天早晨买的鱼不新鲜。3．who指人，在定语从句中作主语，在口语中也可作宾语，作宾语时可省略。
The man who is shaking hands with my teacher is my father.(作主语)
正在和老师握手的那个人是我父亲。
The girl (who) I spoke to is a nurse.(作宾语)
和我说话的那个女孩是一位护士。
4．whom指人，是who的宾格形式，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。
She is the manager(whom)you want to know.(作宾语)
她是你想认识的那个经理。5．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。
I know a boy whose father is an engineer.(作定语)
我认识一个男孩，他的父亲是位工程师。
She saw a film whose name she has forgotten.(作定语)
她看了一部电影，名字她忘记了。【提示】 whose在定语从句中指物时可说成“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”的形式。
He has written a book whose name I've forgotten.
＝He has written a book the name of which I've forgotten.＝He has written a book of which the name I've forgotten.他写了一本书，我忘了书名。6．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的那个人吗？
Those who are in their fifties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.
那些年龄在五十岁以上的人被要求于今天下午去体检。三、关系代词的特殊用法
1．关系代词只用that不用which的情形
(1)当something，anything，nothing，the one，all，much，few，any，little等作先行词或先行词被any，few，little，no，all修饰时，只用that，不用which。
This is all (that) we have learned from her.
这是所有我们从她那儿了解的情况。
(2)先行词被the only，the very修饰时，只用that。
These are the very points that puzzle me.
这些正是使我迷惑的地方。(3)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。
This is the most beautiful and cleanest city that I have visited in China.
这是我游览过的中国最美丽也最干净的城市。
(4)先行词既有人，又有物时。
He talked about the men and the places that attracted him.他谈论了吸引他的那些人和物。(5)主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the hotel that you stayed at last night?
你昨晚住的是哪一家旅馆？
(6)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
China isn't the country that it was.
中国已不是过去的样子了。2．关系代词只用which不用that的情形
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
This is the map by which we can get to the national park.借助这张地图我们能到达那个国家公园。
(2)先行词是that或those时。
I don't like those which he gave me.
我不喜欢他给我的那些。(3)一个先行词有两个并列定语从句时，为了避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which，且that和which在定语从句中作宾语时，第一个that可省略，而第二个一般不省略。
The car (that) I bought for my son and which he sold two years later is on the market.我为我儿子买的而两年后他又卖掉了的那辆车现在又上市了。Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·福建高考)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those________lives were affected.
A．whose B．that C．who D．which
【解析】 考查定语从句。其中those作为先行词，定语从句中缺少lives的定语，故用whose。
【答案】 A2．(2013·湖南高考)Happiness and success often come to those________are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A．whom B．who C．what D．which
【解析】 考查定语从句。先行词为those，指人；定语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。
【答案】 B3．(2013·浙江高考)The children，________had played the whole day long, were worn out.
A．all of what B．all of which
C．all of them D．all of whom
【解析】 考查定语从句。先判断为定语从句，先行词为children，故答案为D。
【答案】 D4．This is one of the best films________shown this year.
A．that have been B．which has been
C．that has been D．which have been
【解析】 先行词是films，所以定语从句的谓语应是have been，排除B、C。films前面有形容词的最高级来修饰，所以应用关系代词that。
【答案】 A5．Is there anyone in your class________family is in the countryside?
A．who B．who's
C．which D．whose
【解析】 根据句子结构可知，关系代词应做定语修饰family。所以D项正确。
【答案】 D6．I'm interested in________you have said.
A．all that B．all what
C．that D．which
【解析】 如果选C、D，前面没有先行词。所以应排除。本句中定语从句的先行词是all。关系词又在定语从句中做宾语，所以应用that，A项正确。B项中what不能引导定语从句。应排除。但是B项中去掉all可用what引导宾语从句。
【答案】 A7．(2011·山东高考)The old town has narrow streets and small houses________are built close to each other.
A．they B．where
C．what D．that
【解析】 先行词是houses，并在定语从句中作主语，故D项正确。A、C两项不能引导定语从句，B项应在定语从句中作状语。
【答案】 D8．(2011·课标全国卷)The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A．that B．which
C．whose D．what
【解析】 先行词the writer 与定语从句的主语story之间为所属关系，关系词在从句中作定语，因此用关系代词whose。
【答案】 C9．(2011·福建高考)She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A．which B．where
C．what D．who
【解析】 分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用which。
【答案】 A10．(2011·上海高考)You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family.
A．which B．where
C．when D．as
【解析】 先行词为taxis，从句中谓语动词hire后差宾语，故用关系代词which。
【答案】 AⅡ.把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句
1．The fan is on the desk. You want it.
________________________________________________
2．The city was beautiful. We spent our vacation there.
_______________________________________________
3．The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.
______________________________________________
4．The students will not pass the exam. They don't study hard.
_______________________________________________ 5．The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.
__________________________________________
6．The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.
__________________________________________
7．The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.
__________________________________________
8．The train was late. It was going to Nanning.
__________________________________________9．He is such a naughty boy. He annoyed his teacher.
__________________________________________
10．The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.
__________________________________________
【答案】 1.The fan that you want is on the desk. 2.The city where we spent our vacation was beautiful. 3.The magazine which he has taken away is mine. 4.The students who don't study hard will not pass the exam.5．The woman you saw in the park is our geography teacher. 6.The letter I received yesterday is from my sister.
7．The play that we saw last night was wonderful.
8．The train which was going to Nanning was late. 9.He is such a naughty boy as annoyed his teacher. 10.The tree he is climbing is quite tall.课件85张PPT。Period Ⅳ Dream Houses & Communication Workshop教师用书独具演示●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，理解并能熟练运用。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点词汇的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些词汇。(3)通过对这些知识点的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本单元情景交际：“描述场所，讨论绘画”的讲解，培养学生情景交际的能力。
(5)借助本学案写作提升的讲解，培养学生用英语描写梦想中的房子，逐步提升学生用英语描绘自己心中理想之城的能力。●教学地位
本课时讲解的知识点是以教材重点词汇和句式出现的先后顺序依次呈现的。通过一篇相关话题的写作训练，思路点拨→词汇热身→句式温习→连句成篇。一步一步教会学 ●新课导入建议
每一位同学的性格和兴趣各不相同，所以每一位同学理想中的未来家园也各有不同，结合各自不同的生活习惯和生活背景，让同学们各自表达自己喜欢的理想中的未来家园，共同探讨怎样的建筑和设计风格才是他们未来理想的幸福栖身之所。●教学流程设计 演示结束语篇理解
阅读P42的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．The family left the flat on Loomis because________．
A．the rent was very high
B．the living condition there was poor
C．the water pipes broke2．Which is NOT true about the dream house?
A．It has running water and they don't need to carry water over from the next door.
B．The house is white surrounded by trees.
C．Everyone has a washroom of his or her own.
3．Which of the following descriptions about the house on Mango Street is TRUE?
A．It's small and red with wide steps.
B．It has large windows and ordinary stairs.
C．There is only one small washroom.
【答案】 1.B 2.C 3.CⅠ.单词填空
从课文中找出下列单词，对应释义，填在前面的横线上
1．________ of small width compared with length
2．________ kindness，forgiveness
3．________ apply water to(sth.)；soak in water
4．________ tube through which liquids or gases can flow
5．________ normal；usual
【答案】 1.narrow 2.mercy 3.bathe 4.pipe 5.ordinaryⅡ.补全短语
1．到……为止 ________ the time...
2．同情/怜悯某人 have mercy ________ sb.
3．即使如此 even ________
4．梦想；幻想 dream ________
5．计算出；设法弄懂；制定出 work ________
【答案】 1.by 2.on 3.so 4.of 5.out1．The house on Mango Street is ours，and we don't have to pay rent to anybody，or share the yard with the people downstairs，or be careful not to make too much noise，and worried about the landlord being angry.(P42)芒果街的房子是我们自己的，不用给任何人交房租，不用和楼下的住户共用院子，不用小心翼翼地不大声喧哗，也不用担心房东生气。(1)rent n．租金；租借 v．租用；租借；把……租给
I don't earn enough to pay the rent.
我的收入不够交房租。
We rented small houses nearby for a year.
我们在附近租了一年的小房子。①for rent出租；招租
pay rent to向……付租金
②rent sth.(out)to sb.把某物租给某人
rent sth.from sb.从某人那儿租借某物【教师备课资源】
at a high rent 以高租金
free of rent 免收租金There are no apartments in this building for rent.
这幢大楼里没有公寓出租。
I pay rent to a third party，not directly to the landlord.
我把房租交给第三者，没有直接交给房主。hire/rent They hire out boats by the hour.
他们按小时出租小船。完成句子
①________(多少租金)do you pay for this place?
②She agreed to________(将这个房间租给我)．
用hire/rent的适当形式填空
③Let's________a car for the weekend.
④She________out rooms to students.
【答案】 ①How much rent ②rent the room to me ③hire ④rents(2)share vt.分享；共用 n．(分享到的)一份；股份
Will you share an apartment with me?
你愿意与我合租一套房子吗？
The manager holds more than 50% of the shares in the company.经理在公司中占有百分之五十多的股份。share in 分享；分担
share...with 与……合用
go shares 分摊；平分【提示】 share用作及物动词时，接名词、代词作宾语，可用于被动结构。用作不及物动词时，与in连用，后常与抽象名词连用(如cost，joys，fun，troubles，happiness等)。He is willing to share in his sorrow.
他愿意分担他的悲伤。
Don't you pay for all this；let's go shares.
你不要付全部的费用，让我们来分摊吧。
完成句子
⑤Mary ________________(与……合用一个小房间)her sister.
⑥During the travel，we________(平分)in hiring a car.
【答案】 ⑤shares a small room with ⑥went shares2．even so 即使这样；尽管如此
But even so，it's not the house we thought we'd get.(P42)但即使这样，那也不是我们想得到的房子。
There are a lot of spelling mistakes；even so，it's quite a good essay.
尽管有许多拼写错误，但它仍不失为一篇佳作。even if/even though 即使；纵然
even now/then 甚至到现在(那时)；即便如此 Many college students are going to have problems in finding jobs even if they get A levels.很多大学生即使通过了高级水平考试，他们以后找工作也会有问题。
I have explained again and again，but even now they do not understand.
我已解释了一遍又一遍，尽管如此，他们还是不明白。完成句子
①However，________(尽管如此) he could not shut off the noise.
②He will come on time________(即使) it rains.
【答案】 ①even so ②even if/though3．mercy n．慈悲；怜悯；同情心
He had no mercy so we had to leave fast.(P42)
他没有同情心，所以我们不得不赶快离开。
They had little mercy on their enemy.
他们对敌人决不留情。
We never show mercy to bad people.
我们对坏人是决不容情的。have mercy on sb.同情某人
show mercy to对……表示同情
without mercy毫不留情地
at the mercy of受……支配
It's a mercy that...幸运的是；幸亏【教师备课资源】
beg for mercy讨饶
allow no mercy不能宽恕
merciful adj.仁慈的；宽恕的
mercifully adv.仁慈地；宽恕地The mother left the dying baby in the hospital without mercy.那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。
It was a mercy that the whole family survived the earthquake.这次地震中一家人都幸免于难，真是不幸中之大幸。mercy/pity用mercy/pity填空
①She looked at those orphans with________．
②He showed little________to the prisoners.
【答案】 ①pity ②mercy4．bathe vi.洗澡；沐浴 vt.给……洗澡
And we'd have a basement and at least three wash-rooms so when we wanted to bathe we wouldn't have to tell everybody.(P42)我们将有一间地下室，还有至少三个洗手间，这样我们想洗澡的时候就不用告诉每个人了。
The small village is bathed in brilliant sunshine.
小村子沐浴在灿烂的阳光里。
Have you bathed your baby yet?
你给你的婴儿洗澡了吗？go bathing 去洗澡
be bathed in/with 沐浴在……中
bath n．洗澡；浴缸
have/take a bath 洗澡It is wonderful for us to take/have a bath on so hot a day.对我们来说，在这么热的天里游泳很棒。完成句子
①护士正在给婴儿洗澡。
The nurses ____________ the babies.
②她总是让和她交谈的人仿佛沐浴在和煦的微风中。
She always made people talking with her seem to ____________ the warm breeze.
【答案】 ①were/are bathing ②be bathed in5．dream of 梦想；渴望
This was the house Papa talked about when he dreamed of being rich and this was the house Mama dreamed up in the stories she told us before we went to bed.(P42)这是爸爸梦想富有时所讲述的房子，也是在睡觉前妈妈给我们讲的故事中她所梦想的房子。
Only at the age of 18，I saw before me the most exciting prospects an architect can dream of.只有在18岁时，我看到了一个建筑师梦寐以求的锦绣前程。dream about＝dream of 梦想，后跟名词/代词/动名词
dream up 虚构；凭空想象
dream a．..dream做一个……梦 We used to dream about living abroad.
过去我们常常梦想去国外生活。
It's strange that you dream up a novel idea like this.
真奇怪你竟能想出这么新奇的主意来。用dream短语的适当形式完成句子
①I shouldn't ________ going unless you wanted me.
②She can always ________some new reasons for not doing anything unpleasant.
【答案】 ①dream of/about ②dream up6．hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
It's small and red with narrow steps in front and windows so small that you'd think they were holding their breath.(P42)房子很小，是红色的，前面是窄窄的楼梯，窗子小得让你觉得它们在屏住呼吸。
How long can you hold your breath?
你能屏住气多长时间？
He held his breath while the results were read out.
宣读结果时，他屏住了呼吸。lose one's breath 喘不过气来；呼吸困难
out of breath＝short of breath 上气不接下气
take breath 歇一歇；喘口气
take a breath吸一口气
breathe v．呼吸【教师备课资源】
hold back隐瞒；制止
hold down压制；抑制(热情等)
hold up延迟；阻碍；搀扶；支撑；举起
hold on不挂断(电话)；继续；坚持
hold out维持
hold off拖延；保持距离 She ran so fast that she was out of breath.
她跑得太快了，都有些上气不接下气了。
He took a deep breath and dived into the pool.
他深吸了一口气，然后跳入水池。完成句子
①屏住呼吸，数到十。
________________and count to ten.
②当他到达那里时，已经上气不接下气了。
When he got there，he________________．
【答案】 ①Hold your breath ②was out of breath/lost his breath7．Out_back_is_a_small_garage for the car we don't own yet and a small yard that looks smaller between the two buildings on either side.(P42)出门往后院走有一间小车库，但现在我们还没有车，还有一个小院子，夹在路两边的高楼中显得更小。
(1)本句是一个倒装句，即Out back is a small garage...and a small yard...。句子的主语是a small garage and a small yard，当地点状语放在句首时，所引导的句子应用完全倒装，即“地点状语＋谓语＋主语＋其他”。
In front of our classroom stands a tall tree.
在我们教室前面有一棵大树。完全倒装的几种情形：
①表示地点的介词短语位于句首且谓语为be，lie，stand，come 等不及物动词时(若主语是代词而不是名词，句子不倒装)
②地点副词(here，there)、方向性副词(out，in，down)及时间副词(now，then)等位于句首且谓语为be，go，come等不及物动词时(若主语是代词而不是名词，句子不倒装)③一些表示祝愿的句子里主谓也常完全倒装
④为强调表语或保持句子平衡，形容词短语/分词短语提至句首时，句子的主谓常完全倒装There comes the taxi.出租车来了。
Away she went.她走开了。
Long live the Chinese Communist Party.
中国共产党万岁。
Gone are the days when she was young.
她年轻的日子一去不复返了。【对接高考】
(2010·陕西高考)John opened the door.There________he had never seen before.
A．a girl did stand B．a girl stood
C．did a girl stand D．stood a girl
【解析】 句意：约翰打开门，那里站着一个他之前从未见过的姑娘。本题考查倒装句型。当there，here，away，down等副词置于句首且主语为名词时，要用完全倒装形式。所以D选项正确。
【答案】 D句型转换
①The boy rushed out as soon as the class was over.
→Out ________ as soon as the class was over.
②Three pictures hang on the wall.
→On the wall____________________．
【答案】 ①rushed the boy ②hang three pictures(2)either adj.(两者中)任一的 adv.也(否定句中)pron.(两者中)任何一个
You may use either computer.
两台计算机你可以随便用一台。
He won't go and I won't go either.
他不去，我也不去。
Either of the plans is equally dangerous.
这两个计划中，任何一个都有同样的危险。both/either/neither【提示】 在either of和neither of结构中，谓语动词也可用复数。
Both of them are tall.他们两个人都高。
Either of them is/are tall.他们两个任何一个都高。
Neither of them is/are tall.他们两个都不高。用both/either/neither填空
③Tom is going to buy________a guitar or a piano.
④It is________hot nor cold in winter here.
⑤I work________on sunny days and on rainy ones.
【答案】 ③either ④neither ⑤both8．conclusion n．结论；结束
Paragraph 4: conclusion－why you want to live there.(P44)第四段：结尾——为什么你想住在那里。
I've come to the conclusion that he's not the right person for the job.我断定他不适合做这项工作。reach/draw/come to/arrive at a conclusion
得出结论
in conclusion最后
bring...to a conclusion结束……
conclude v．得出结论；结束；断定It is still too early to reach a conclusion on this point.
在这一点上作出结论还为时过早。
We concluded from the studies that equality between the sexes is still a long way off.我们从这些研究中得出结论，两性之间的平等仍有很长的路要走。完成句子
①我们最终得出结论。
We ____________ finally.
②最后，我想说我今天很开心。
____________，I'd like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
【答案】 ①have reached/drawn/come to/arrived at a conclusion ②In conclusion描写你梦想中的房子
本单元写作任务是描写梦想中的房子。
描写梦想之屋时，通常要包括这样一些方面：梦想之屋的类型，梦想这样房屋的原因、位置，还有描述它的形状、大小、材料、结构、内部设施、功能、独特特征，对这个梦想之屋的评价。
当我们描写梦想之屋时，常常要包括以下步骤：(1)梦想之屋的类型：是宫殿、木屋、别墅……，并说明理由。
My dream house is a small wooden cottage so that I can get close to nature.
I'd like a big villa for my big family.
(2)梦想之屋的位置：在市中心、郊区、乡下……
The house should be located on the coast.
I'd like a house in the centre of town.(3)梦想之屋的特点：形状、材料、颜色、风格……
The house is made of stone.
It is very big and modern.
(4)梦想之屋的内外设施、配备家具、组成部分。
Trees surround the house.
In front of the house is a swimming pool.
It is equipped with fine furniture.
(5)对梦想之屋的整体评价或结束语。
That is my dream house.
The dream house is really pleasant.[常用句型]
①It looks like.../It is like.../It is big/small...
②It is...long/tall.../It has an area of.../It covers...
③There is...in it./It has...
④It is made of.../It is constructed with.../...is used to build it.
⑤It is convenient/easy/good for.../It provides.../It makes...假设你是王晓明，请根据你校美化校园的规划，用英语给你在美国的笔友Peter写一封信，介绍该规划。信的主要内容如下：注意：1.短信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
2．词数：100左右。
3．参考词汇：雕塑statue(n.) 植物园botanical garden(n.)
Dear Peter，
I would like to tell you that our school has worked out a new program.______________________________________
______________________________________________ __________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Welcome to our school if you have any chance.
Yours，
Wang Xiaoming[思路点拨]
本次写作任务要求规划校园的美化情形，属于说明文。写作时要按照一定的顺序进行描述，注意选择合适的介词来介绍方位的基本情况。整体时态以一般将来时为主。[词汇热身]
1．制定 ____________
2．规划 ____________
3．把……变成 ____________
4．根据 ____________
5．植物园 ____________
6．雕塑 ____________
7．激励某人去做某事 ____________
【答案】 1.work out 2.program 3.turn...into... 4.according to 5.a botanical garden 6.statue 7.encourage sb.to do sth.
[句式温习]
1．规划的目的是使我们学校更漂亮。
The purposes of the program are ________________．
2．建造一个植物园供我们参观和实践。
A botanical garden will be built for us __________．
3．另外，建一个小花园供我们读书和休息用。
Besides，we are to build a small garden __________．
4．而且，建一些名人雕塑来激励我们努力学习。
What's more，some statues of famous people will be set up to ___________．【答案】 1.to make our school more beautiful 2.to visit and practice in 3.where/in which we can do some reading and take a rest 4.encourage us to work hard[连句成篇]
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________【参考范文】
Dear_Peter，
I_would_like_to_tell_you_that_our_school_has_worked_out_a_new_program.The purposes of the program are to make our school more beautiful，to make the air cleaner and fresher，and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in.According to the program，we will plant different kinds of trees，flowers and grass in and around our school.A botanical garden will be built for us to visit and practice in.Besides，we are to build a small garden in which we can do some reading and take a rest.What's more，some statues of famous people will be set up to encourage us to work harder.Don't you think it a wonderful program?
Welcome_to_our_school_if_you_have_any_chance.
Yours，
Wang_Xiaoming课件32张PPT。Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________ adj.抽象的，深奥的
2．________ adj.直的 adv.直，直接
3．________ n．(色彩的)浓淡；阴影
4．________ adj.典型的
5．________ adv.优雅地
6．________ n．细节，详情7．________ adj.浅的
8．________ n．建筑师
9．________vt.毁灭，毁坏
10．________ n．目的，意图
11．________ n．(书写或印刷的)字，字体
12．________ n．慈悲，怜悯，同情心
13．________ vi.洗澡；沐浴
14．________ adj.狭窄的
15．________ n．窗帘【答案】 1.abstract 2.straight 3.shade 4.typical 5.elegantly 6.detail 7.shallow 8.architect 9.ruin 10.purpose 11.character 12.mercy 13.bathe
14．narrow 15.curtainB．词汇拓展
16．________n．想象；想象力→________v．想象→________adj.可想象的
17．________ n．展览会→________vt.展览
18．________ adj贵重的，有价值的→________n．价值
19．________ adj.宗教的，虔诚的→________n．宗教
20．________ n．幸福，快乐→________adj.幸福的
【答案】 16.imagination；imagine；imaginable 17.exhibition；exhibit 18.valuable；value 19.religious；religion 20.happiness；happyⅡ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．________________sort of
2．________________relate to
3．________________hold one's breath
4．________________in detail
5．________________凝视；专注
6．________________追溯(到)
7．________________试用，试验
8．________________故意地【答案】 1.有几分地 2.把……与……联系起来 3.屏住呼吸 4.详细地 5.fix one's eyes on 6.date back to
7．try out 8.on purposeB．用上面短语的适当形式完成下列句子
9．Chinese currency(货币)can ____________ thousands of years ago.
10．She ____________ the clock on the wall.
11．I have an idea that I need to ____________．
12．He has been acting ____________ strangely lately.
13．If you joke with him，he will think you're laughing at him ____________．
【答案】 9.date back to 10.fixed her eyes on 11.try out 12.sort of 13.on purposeⅢ.仿写式活用句型
1．Qi Baishi's style of painting often leaves_the_audience_guessing and makes them use their imagination.
【句式仿写】 我希望你别老开着灯。
I wish you'd stop ______________．
2．I_wish_I_could_have_bought_a_painting，but they are too expensive for me!
【句式仿写】 但愿你昨天能来这里就好了！
I wish you ______________ here yesterday!3．Our house would be white with_trees_around_it，a great big yard and grass growing without a fence.
【句式仿写】 因为有许多问题要解决，他的日子肯定好过不了。
______________，he is going to have a bad time.4．Out_back_is_a_small_garage for the car we don't own yet and a small yard that looks smaller between the two buildings on either side.
【句式仿写】 坐在房子前面的是一位老人，就是他给我们讲述了长征的故事。
In front of the house ______________ who told us the stories about the Long March.
5．It's finally our_turn_to_do the wallboard in the school hall!
【句式仿写】 我想本周该轮到你开车送孩子们上学了。
I think ______________ drive the kids to school this week.
【答案】 1.leaving the light on 2.had come 3.With a lot of problems to settle 4.sat the old man 5.it's your turn to完形填空解题技法(五)
语篇意识法
语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志语”。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示因果关系的有thus, therefore, so等； 表示改变话题的有by the way, on the contrary等；表示递进关系的有besides, what's more, further等；表示时间关系的有before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等；表示转折关系的有but, while等。而依据“语篇标志语”对完形填空中出现的问题作出分析推断而最后得出正确答案的过程就是语篇意识法。【实例透析】
(2010·辽宁高考)．..46(Lying) in a pool of blood on the basement floor，Kruger felt 47(himself) going into shock(休克)．He shouted for help, __48__ his wife，Brenda，was asleep in their bedroom at the opposite end of the house.__49__ Kruger noticed Inky watching from the top of the stairs.
“Go get Brenda，”Kruger said to Inky.
...48．A.and B．but
C．or D．so
49．A.Thus B．Otherwise
C．Then D．Rather
【解析】 48.B 连词词义辨析。根据“He shouted for help，”和“his wife，Brenda，was asleep in their bedroom at the opposite of the house”可知，这两句话之间是转折关系，所以用but。
49．C 根据这段语篇可以体会到Glen Kruger向妻子求助没有得到回应要绝望时，突然看到了Inky那种喜悦的心情，因此选择then表示“就在那个时候”。【技巧点拨】
考生做题时如果能充分考虑这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文之间的关系。 (1)(2012·江西高考)That holiday morning I didn't have to attend school.Usually，on holidays，Mother 36(allows) me to sleep in.And I would certainly take full advantage of it.On this particular morning，__37__，I felt like getting up early.
...37．A.otherwise B．therefore
C．however D．besides
【解析】 妈妈允许我睡懒觉，我也充分利用这个机会，而后文是说我今天起得很早。前后句意有转折含义，A否则，B所以，D此外，与句意不符。
【答案】 C(2)(2010·辽宁高考)When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was36(surprised)to see that it was an English-English dictionary, also known as a monolingual dictionary. __37__it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one__38__， to be honest, I found it extremely39(difficult)to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and__40__not fully understand the meanings.阅读整篇文章可知，这是一篇记叙文，作者主要描写自己从最初接触英英词典的惊异到习惯使用英英词典以及使用英英词典的好处。因此，考生在理解了语篇，掌握了脉络后，就可以更好地进行推理判断，确定正确答案了。
37．A.Because B．Although
C．Unless D．If
【解析】 前后两句在意义上是让步关系，所以用although引导让步状语从句。而because引导原因状语从句，unless和if引导条件状语从句。
【答案】 B38．A.but B．so
C．or D．and
【解析】 此空格处缺一个连接前后两句话的并列连词，故用并列连词and。
【答案】 D40．A.thus B．even
C．still D．again
【解析】 根据前面的“I would look up words in the dictionary”可知在词典里查单词仍然不能够完全理解词典中单词的释义。
【答案】 C完形填空解题技法(六)
人物情感、态度透析法
由于作者在写作的过程中，难免会夹杂自己的情感，因此在做题的过程中，考生要仔细体会作者对所描写的人物或者发生的事件的态度，这样将有助于确定正确的答案；同时，考生在平时也要多注意某些形容词及与之相对应的副词的用法。【实例透析】
1．(2012·陕西高考)．..Barking 37(loudly) into the air，the dog 38(searched) through the woods until he found the 39(house)．But the girl was not there，so he headed back to the woods.Much to his __40__，he saw his mistress' blue shirt in the distance...
40．A.satisfaction B．disappointment
C．embarrassment D．delight
【解析】 D。此题要求考生辨析情感类名词。狗一直在寻找他的小主人，最终看到了小主人的蓝衬衫，自然是高兴了。故delight是最佳答案。2．(2012·重庆高考)．..45(However)，my parents showed no interest in my garden.My father even 46(shouted) at me because he found it was 47(troublesome) to move around my garden to the driveway.To my mother's __48__，I put in her vase my real roses which，in her eyes，were simply weeds 49(rather_than) flowers.
...48．A.sadness B．displeasure
C．delight D．relief
【解析】 B 故事一开始交代了作者出于逆反心理，建起了花园，父母很不高兴，从这一段的字里行间也能看得出，父亲认为花园妨碍了他走路；母亲认为我插放在花瓶中的玫瑰是杂草而不是鲜花，由此可知，父亲和母亲对作者的做法感到很生气，故此处选B。【技巧点拨】
四步法理解作者意图或态度
首先，完形填空的短文是一个完整的语篇，考生必须结合上下文语境综合考虑。其次，重视首句信息的提示作用，因为它是解题的突破口，同时也或多或少地暗示了作者的写作意图；其次，要抓住描述作者思想情感的词，通常为形容词或副词；最后，疏通全文。考生应在理解大意和把握细节的基础上揣摩作者的写作意图，通过作者的语气和用词来把握作者的情感和态度，切忌主观臆断。(2011·北京高考)．..With my__52__self-confidence comes more praise from teachers and classmates. I have gone from“__53__”in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself, __54__raising my hand—even when I sometimes wasn't 100 percent__55__I had the right answer. Now I have more self-confidence in myself.52．A.expressed B．improved
C．preserved D．recognized
53．A.dreaming B．playing
C．relaxing D．hiding
54．A.by B．for
C．with D．to
55．A.lucky B．happy
C．sure D．satisfied52.B 53.D 54.D 55.C 从该段可以看出作者在老师的鼓励下，从一个缺乏自信的学生逐渐地转变为一个有自信学生的成长过程。作者的行为从“hiding in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself”到“to raising my hand—even when I sometimes wasn't 100 percent sure I had the right answer.”转化，非常形象地描绘了作者的变化过程。
