课件42张PPT。【美文阅读】
交通阻塞已经成为各大城市最头疼的问题，在解决这个问题的过程中，世界知名城市都在各显神通，效果如何呢？让我们一起去领略一番吧！You may ride on your bicycle in a rush to get to school every morning.You may fight to get a bit of space on a bus or on the subway.You may also watch taxis crawl their way through traffic jams.
No matter where you are，all big cities around the world have traffic jams these days.But although they all have their problems，many cities also have a type of transport that has become a cultural icon(文化标识)．In London，to avoid the traffic above ground，people use the“underground”，also called the“Tube”．The city has the oldest and most complicated underground railway system in the world and is the pride of many Londoners.With 12 lines and 275 stations across the city，the Tube，is normally the quickest and easiest way of getting around London.In London，you are never far from a Tube station.New York is famous for its Yellow cabs.They serve as a quick and easy way of getting across Manhattan，where the subway doesn't take you everywhere.Stopping a cab is easy；just stick out your arm like you
do in any city.But，with over 12,000 yellow cabs in the Big Apple，they also cause traffic jams.
Since 1873 when the first cable car started public service，the slow and noisy vehicle has been a symbol of San Francisco.Although once damaged by a serious earthquake and challenged by cars，it is never caught in traffic jams and provides better views than the subway.But there are no such symbols in Los Angeles.If you visit you'd better rent a car.The city's public transportation is terrible.It can take hours to get across town by bus.The subway covers just a small part of the city centre.The light rail line only runs between the Long Beach hotel area and the city centre.That's why Angelenos love their private cars more than any other people in the world.【答案】 1.I had better use subway to go out.
2．Because Yellow cabs serve as a quick and easy way of traveling.
3．It tells us how people in the city avoid the traffic jams.教师用书独具演示●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给内容的学习，了解下一课时即将出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，将对下一节课内容的全面理解起到了铺垫作用。●教学地位
此部分内容是是对下一课时的感悟和预习，合理利用本学案，能大大提升下一课时的课堂效率，有效促进学生对新单元学习的热情，提升课堂的积极活跃程度，并能在课上能与老师形成较为默契的配合。●新课导入建议
让学生讨论个人在上学路上的交通方式，直接导入新课。在设计这堂课时，要从引导学生培养绿色出行习惯的角度出发，介绍有关的词汇和表达，给学生布置具有一定挑战性的任务，让学生以绿色交通在我身边为题进行讨论或口笔头描述。演示结束 Ⅰ.篇章结构
根据P36的Reading部分，在表格中填入恰当的单词或短语，每空不超过3个单词【答案】 1.flat 2.bicycle parking 3.pollution 4.free public transport 5.neighbourhoods 6.short journeys 7.leave 8.thieves 9.chip 10.insertⅡ.语篇理解
阅读P36的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．The“return of the white bikes”means .
A．people returned the bikes they borrowed
B．thieves returned the bikes they stole
C．bikes reappeared in Amsterdam2．The following offers convenience for cycling in Amsterdam except .
A．flat ground
B．friendly citizens
C．bicycle paths
3．In the 1960s，people in Amsterdam .
A．couldn't drive cars in the city centre
B．only rode white bikes
C．had the chance to enjoy free transportation4．Compared to the bikes in the 1960s，the returning bikes .
A．can't be stolen easily
B．are specially designed
C．Both A and B5．According to the passage，we know .
A．tourists can use the white bikes as well as local people
B．no cars are allowed in central Amsterdam
C．people can enjoy city centre streets without cars only in Amsterdam
【答案】 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.AⅢ.课文缩写
从方框中选择恰当的单词或短语，完成下列短文
indeed；within weeks；neighbourhood；convenient；benefits；flat；allow；wherever；actually；without cars
People have been enjoying the 1. of cycling in Amsterdam for years.It is a good city for cycling because it is 2. and therefore is 3. for bikes.In the 1960s，a group of cycling fans had an idea.They thought it would be better if cars weren't 4. in the city center and only bicycles were.They painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in lots of 5. for people to use.6. someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use.But the problem was that thieves took all the bicycles 7. .More than thirty years later，the “white bike” is back in town.The new “white bike” is not 8. white but is an unusual design with bright colours.Now there is already less traffic in central Amsterdam.9. ，thanks to the ideas，like the cycling fans in the 1960s，many people around the world have been enjoying city centres streets 10. for many years.【答案】 1.benefits 2.flat 3.convenient 4.allowed 5．neighborhoods 6.Wherever 7.within weeks 8.actually 9.Indeed 10.without carsⅠ.词义搭配
1．effect A．suited to one's needs or to the situation；not causing any difficulty
2．benefit B．a result or condition produced by a cause
3．convenient C．giving cause for hope of success
4．hopeful D．to be useful，profitable，or helpful to；to gain advantage5．indeed E．sth.that follows from an action or set of conditions；result
6．consequence F．to say why you think sth.is right or wrong；to provide reasons for or against
7．argue G．certainly，really，even true
【答案】 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.G 6.E 7.FⅡ.短语填空
feed up；in the 1960s；more than；thanks to；work out；for years；around the world；within weeks
1． his effort，it is more successful than we have expected.
2．True friendship is worth money.
3．I believe that you can this problem by yourself.
4．They spent a year voyaging .5．I'm with this boring life.
6． ，his confidence had spread throughout the team.
【答案】 1.Thanks to 2.more than 3.work out
4．around the world 5.fed up 6.Within weeksⅢ.句型背诵
1．They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.
他们认为如果不让汽车驶入市中心，只让自行车进入，那会对每个人都有好处。
2．Wherever someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use.
他们可以将自行车留在完成旅行的任何地方以便其他人使用。3．The problem was that it didn't work...
问题是这种做法行不通。
4．A boy，all wet，is coming out of the pond in the park.
一个男孩浑身湿透了，从公园的池塘里出来。课件105张PPT。教师用书独具演示●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过对学案中重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，并能够运用这些词语造句。3．通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
4．通过对现在完成进行时的教学，让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识。
●教学地位
词汇学习和记忆是英语学习的一个重要环节，在课堂教学中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和记忆英语单词和短语是本部分教学的重点所在。本课时的语法是现在完成进行时，应根据学生的实际基础状况做耐心细致的讲解。●新课导入建议
可以尝试用学生日常生活的话题互动式引入本课：
T：I think most of us like going experience different types of transport. Some transport in your daily life is very important, do you think so?
S：
T：We know about all kinds of ways of travel, such as bus, car, bicycle, balloon, boat, the underground and so on. What is your favorite type of transport in your family?Tell the class. Use some key words to help you. (Show some slides about types of transport)
S：
T: Why do you like this kind of transport?
S：演示结束 1．effect n．结果；效应；影响
What effects have the white bikes had？(教材P36)
这些白色自行车起什么作用？
In effect，he has no choice.实际上，他没有选择的余地。in effect实际上
take effect奏效；生效
put/bring...into effect实行；实施
come into effect生效；开始实施
have a (n)．..effect on/upon对……有……影响The new law will take effect next May.
这项新的法律将于明年五月生效。
The recommendations will soon be put into effect.
这些建议不久将付诸实施。2．fed up不愉快的；厌烦的
You look fed up！(教材P36)你看起来不高兴！
She felt tired and a bit fed up.
她觉得累，还有点厌烦。
I'm really fed up with this constant rain.
我真的对这连绵不断的雨烦透了。
Anna got fed up(with)waiting.安娜等烦了。
【提示】 fed up用作表语；后接名词、代词时须用with；接动名词时可用with，也可不用with；接从句时不用介词。feed...on/with...用……喂养……
feed on...以……为主食；以……当饲料
feed up...给……吃营养食物；养肥；使吃饱
feed...to...把……喂给……
Bats fly at night and feed on insects.
蝙蝠在夜间飞行，以昆虫为食。【教师备课资源】
“厌烦”短语小聚：
be/get/become fed up with
be/get/become tired of
be/get/become bored with
be/get/become sick of【对接高考】
(2013·湖北高考)Butterflies a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
A．carry on B．feed on
C．put on D．focus on
【解析】 四个动词短语的主要含义：carry on“继续”；feed on“吃，以……为食”；put on“上演，穿/戴上”；focus on“聚焦于”。句意：蝴蝶以花卉产生的一种甜甜的液体为食，蜜蜂和别的昆虫则采集这种液体。根据句意选B，表示“吃，以……为食”。
【答案】 B3．benefit n．利益；好处v.(使)受益
People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.(教材P36)多年来，人们一直享受着在阿姆斯特丹骑自行车的益处。
It is said that Yoga is of great benefit to human health.
据说瑜珈对人体健康有极大好处。
We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone.
我们应该把这笔钱花在大家都能受益的事上。benefit from/by...从……中受益
be of benefit (to) (对……)有益的
for the benefit of 为了……的利益，为……
beneficial adj.有益的
be beneficial (to...) (对……)有益的
The plants benefited from the rain.
植物得益于这场雨。
Sports are beneficial to building our bodies.
体育运动有益于增进我们的体质。4．It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and therefore is convenient for bikes.(教材P36)这是个骑自行车的好地方，因为道路平坦，因此方便骑自行车。
(1)therefore adv.所以；因此
Their car was bigger and therefore more comfortable.
他们的汽车更宽敞，因此也更舒适。
We have a growing population，and therefore we need more food.我们的人口在增长，因此需要更多的食物。therefore正式用语，为副词，常用于数学、逻辑和其他精细的推论中，特别用以表示严密的推理；连接两并列分句时，其前常用分号。so可作连词，前用逗号或直接连接句子，用于简洁的会话和日常的文体中，推理不必严密。(2)convenient adj.方便的；便利的
A bicycle is often more convenient than a car in towns.
在城镇骑自行车常常比开车方便。
It's very convenient to pay by credit cards.
用信用卡付款很方便。①if/when it is convenient to/for sb.
如果某人方便的话
It is convenient for sb.to do sth.
某人方便做某事
②convenience n．方便；便利
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
for the sake of convenience 为方便起见Will three o'clock be convenient for you?
三点钟对你来说方便吗？
Please come at your(earliest)convenience.
请您在方便时(尽早)前来。
【提示】 convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而是要用事物作主语或用it作形式主语。【教师备课资源】
convenience store便利商店
conveniently adv.方便地完成句子
④为了方便起见，图书馆的书都分为不同的类别。
，the library books are separated into different categories.
⑤当你方便的时候，来看看我。
Come and see me whenever .
【答案】 ④For the sake of convenience ⑤it is convenient to/for you5．in the 1960s 20世纪60年代
In the 1960s，a group of cycling fans han an idea.(教材P36)在20世纪60年代，一群自行车迷提出了一个想法。①表示在某个世纪的几十年代，用“in the＋年份(尾数为0)＋s/'s”。有时年份前还可加修饰语early/middle/late，表示在“某世纪某年代的早期/中期/晚期”。
in the early 1990s/1990's在20世纪90年代早期
in the late 1760s/1760's在18世纪60年代晚期
②“in one's＋逢十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十岁的时候”。
in his teens在他十几岁时
in her twenties在她20多岁时6．hopeful adj.有希望的
They were hopeful that this would help to save energy，reduce pollution and provide free public transport.(教材P36)他们希望这样做能有助于节约能源、减少污染和提供免费的公共交通设施。
I feel hopeful that we'll find a suitable house very soon.我对很快找到合适的房子抱有希望。be/become hopeful about...对……充满希望
hope n．& v．希望
hopefully adv.有希望地；怀有希望地
hopeless adj.无望的；无能的
hopelessly adv.无望地
hopelessness n．绝望感They are all hopeful about the future.
他们都对前途充满希望。
She is always full of hope for the bright future.
她总是对美好的明天充满希望。【对接高考】
(2013·浙江高考)If we leave right away， we'll arrive on time.
A．hopefully B．curiously
C．occasionally D．gradually
【解析】 句意：如果我们马上出发，我们将有望按时到达。hopefully有希望地；curiously好奇地；occasionally偶尔地；gradually逐渐地。由题干意思可知正确答案为A项。
【答案】 A7．Wherever someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use.(教材P36)不管人们在哪里结束旅程，他们都将把自行车放在那里以便其他人使用。
wherever“无论到哪里”，引导让步状语从句。
Wherever he goes，he always remembers you.
不管他去哪儿，他总是记着你。
Children will play wherever they happen to be.
小孩子走到哪里玩到哪里。①no matter＋疑问词(where/when/how/what/who/which)只能引导让步状语从句，此时相当于疑问词＋ever；疑问代词(what/who/which)＋ever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句，且引导名词性从句时，疑问词＋ever比单独用疑问词的语气强。
②wherever adv.究竟哪里，究竟到哪儿。用于问句，表示惊讶。Wherever can he have gone？他究竟会到哪儿去了呢？
Wherever has he put the book?
他究竟把书放在哪儿了呢？
You can take whatever you like.(宾语从句)
你可以拿你喜欢的任何东西。
No matter what(＝Whatever) you say，he won't believe you.(让步状语从句)不管你说什么，他都不会相信你。【对接高考】
(2013·江苏高考)In the global economy，a new drug for cancer， it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A．whatever B．whoever
C．wherever D．whichever【解析】 通过分析句子结构可知， it is discovered在句中作状语。在这个状语从句中，不缺少构成句子的主要成分，所以引导词只能在从句中作状语，从而选择具有副词性质的词成为答题的关键。分析四个选项可知符合条件的只有C项(wherever)，故答案选C。句意：在全球经济中，无论是在哪儿发现一种治疗癌症的新药物，这都将会在全球产生很多经济方面的可能性。
【答案】 C8．However，more than thirty years later，the“white bike”is back in town—this time with a computer chip to record its every move！(教材P36)然而，30多年后，“白色自行车”又回来了——这次每辆车上都装有电脑芯片来记录它的每一次行动！
(1)however adv.然而；不过
He was feeling sad.However，he went to work.
他感觉不舒服，然而他还是去上班。(2)more than多于；超过
This city has a population of more than 1,000,000.
这个城市人口超过一百万。more than＋数词 超过，多于(相当于over)
more than one＋n.不止一个……(作主语时，谓语用单数)
more than＋n.不只是……，不仅仅是……
more than＋adj./adv./v.非常/十分……
more than＋句子(常含can/could)超出……的能力范围More than one house was burnt down in the fire.
不止一所房子在火灾中烧毁。
Jason is more than a lecturer；he is a writer，too.
杰森不仅是个演讲家，还是个作家。【教师备课资源】
than短语集锦：
more...than...比……更……；与其说(后者)倒不如说(前者)
not more than...至多，不超过
no more than...不过，仅仅(＝only)
no more...than...和……一样不……(否定两者)
not more...than...(前者)不如(后者)……
less than...少于……not less than...不少于，至少
no less than...有……之多，多达
no less...than...与……一样……(肯定两者)
rather than而不是
other than除了，不同于9．Indeed，thanks to the good ideas of lots of people，like the cycling fans in the 1960s，many people around the world have been enjoying city centre streets without cars for many years.(教材P36)实际上，多亏人们献计献策，就像20世纪60年代的自行车迷那样，世界各地的人们多年以来都在享受市中心没有汽车的环境。
(1)indeed adv.当然；确实
He is a great man indeed.他实在是一个伟人。
This is indeed an involved sentence.
这确实是个复杂的句子。①indeed常用于加强“very＋adj./adv.”的意义，即very＋adj./adv.＋indeed的结构中，没有very便不能用indeed。
②在简短的回答中，indeed常与助动词连用，用于强调同意。
They can run very fast indeed.
他们确实可以跑得非常快。(2)thanks to由于；多亏
It was thanks to your timely help that we accomplished the task on time.
多亏你及时帮忙，我们才按时完成了任务。
Thanks to the bad weather，the match had been put off.由于天气不好，这场比赛被推迟了。10．consequence n．后果；结果
a past activity that has some consequences in the present(教材P37)过去的行为对现在造成后果
Many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of overpopulation.
许多人认为贫穷是人口过剩带来的直接后果。as a consequence of＝in consequence of＝as a result of由于；因为……的缘故
as a consequence＝in consequence＝as a result结果；因此
consequently adv.结果；因此
answer for the consequences对后果负责
take/suffer/face/deal with the consequences
承担后果As a/In consequence of your laziness and rudeness，I am forced to dismiss you.
由于你的懒惰和粗野，我不得不辞退你。
The bank refused to help the company；consequently，it went bankrupt.
银行拒绝资助这家公司，因此该公司破产了。【教师备课资源】
①as a consequence(a不能省略)＝in consequence(in后不加冠词)。
②表示因果关系的一些常见的短语：as a result of由于；because of因为；due to由于，归因于；thanks to多亏了；owing to由于，因……缘故。11．work out锻炼身体，做运动；计算，算出；成功；制订出；总计；结果为(教材P37)
She worked out the problem with no difficulty.
她毫无困难地解决了这个问题。
The research centre worked out a new plan and decided to carry it out immediately.
研究中心拟订出一项新计划并决定立即实施。work at从事；致力于，钻研
work for为……工作，为……做事
work off除去；解除
work on继续工作；影响；从事于
work over检查；研究
work with与……共事，与……合作I have had to work for every single penny I earned.
我挣的每一便士都是辛苦工作得来的。
I spent some time in working over these books.
我花了一些时间去好好研究这些书籍。⑤Don't worry now；everything will work all right in the end.
【答案】 ①out ②at ③off ④on ⑤out12．argue v．争辩，争吵；说服
argue with someone(教材P37)同某人争辩
The lawyers argued the case for hours.
律师们对那个案件辩论了好几个小时。argue about...争论……
argue for/against赞成/反对
argue with sb.about/over sth.因……而与某人争论
argue sb.into/out of＋n./doing说服某人做/不做We argued her into joining us in the party.
我们说服她参加了宴会。
We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.
我们跟服务员争执那顿饭的价钱。【教师备课资源】
argument n．争论，辩论
get into an argument 吵了起来
have an argument争论，争吵观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会现在完成进行时的用法。
①People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.
②Both locals and tourists have been using the white bikes.
③Many people around the world have been enjoying city centre streets without cars for many years.[自我总结] 以上三句时态结构一致，都是have/has＋been＋doing结构，这种时态结构被称作 时，表示动作从 发生一直持续到 ，可能仍会进行下去。
【答案】 现在完成进行；过去；现在现在完成进行时
一、现在完成进行时的构成
现在完成进行时由“have/has been＋动词的现在分词”构成，第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have。
二、现在完成进行时的肯定式、否定式、一般疑问式及其回答
列表如下：(以动词work为例)三、现在完成进行时的用法
1．表示发生在过去一直持续到现在的动作。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍继续进行下去，动词常用延续性动词，并常带有表示动作起始时间的状语，如since last week，since 1992等或由since引导的时间状语从句；也可以带有表示时间段的状语，如for an hour，for a few days，these days等。
I have been writing the letter since then.
从那时起我一直在写这封信。
We have been studying for nearly 3 hours.
我们已经学了近3个小时了。2．表示不久前刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文来判断。
Sorry! I'm late.How long have you been waiting for me？很抱歉！我来迟了。你等我多长时间了？四、不能用现在完成进行时的情况
1．某些不能用于进行时的动词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时，只能用现在完成时。如：see，hear，know，have，like，be等。
他已经感冒两个星期了。
(×)He has been having a cold for two weeks.
(√)He has had a cold for two weeks.
2．不具有延续意义的动词，如finish，come，go，marry等不能用于现在完成进行时。Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·福建高考)The girl has a great interest in sport and badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
A．took B．is taking
C．takes D．has been taking【解析】 句意：这个女孩对运动很感兴趣，在过去的3年里一直一周两次去上羽毛球课。本题的关键信息是时间状语over the last three years，表示以现在为起点的过去的3年时间。“take”这个动作从过去到现在一直有规律地(一周两次)持续，并且有可能持续下去，符合现在完成进行时的特点，所以选D项。本题的干扰项是C项，做题时要注意抓住关键信息——时间状语。
【答案】 D2．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)The manager the workers how to improve the program since 9 a．m.
A．has told B．is telling
C．has been telling D．will have told
【解析】 句意：经理从上午9点开始就一直在告诉工人们如何改善这个项目。本题的关键信息词是“since 9 a．m.”。since引导的时间状语多与完成时连用，而且此句强调从上午九点开始到现在，经理“一直”在说，符合现在完成进行时的语法规则。
【答案】 C3．(2012·浙江高考)—Alvin，are you coming with us?
—I'd love to，but something unexpected .
A．has come up B．was coming up
C．had come up D．would come up
【解析】 ——阿尔文，你和我们一起来吗？——我很愿意去，不过发生了一些意外的事情。根据句意，此处是指因为发生了一些意外的事情，造成了“我”不能去，符合现在完成时“过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响”，故选A。B项表示(过去)即将来临；C项表示过去的过去；D项表示过去将来，均不符合语境。
【答案】 A4．(2012·江西高考)—Look！Somebody the sofa.
—Well，it wasn't me.I didn't do it.
A．is cleaning B．was cleaning
C．has cleaned D．had cleaned
【解析】 句意：——看！有人把沙发打扫干净了。——噢，不是我，我没有打扫。本题强调对现在造成的影响或结果(打扫干净)，故用现在完成时。
【答案】 C5．(2012·安徽高考)In order to find the missing child，villagers all they can over the past five hours.
A．did B．do
C．had done D．have been doing
【解析】 句意：为了找到丢失的孩子，在过去的5个小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切。over the past five hours通常与完成时连用，可排除A和B。再结合can为现在时，可知在过去到现在的这段时间里村民们一直在寻找，并有可能继续找下去，因此，符合现在完成进行时的使用条件。故选D。
【答案】 D6．(2011·陕西高考)His first novel good reviews since it came out last month.
A．receives B．is receiving
C．will receive D．has received
【解析】 句意：他的第一本小说自从上个月出版以来受到了良好的评价。根据since it came out last month可知本句应用现在完成时，故选择D项。
【答案】 D7．(2011·北京高考)Tom in the library every night over the last three months.
A．works B．worked
C．has been working D．had been working
【解析】 句意：在过去的三个月里，汤姆一直每晚都在图书馆工作。根据时间状语over the last three months及语境可知用现在完成进行时，故选C项。
【答案】 C8．Now that she is out of job，Lucy going back to school，but she hasn't decided yet.
A．had considered B．has been considering
C．considered D．is going to consider
【解析】 由hasn't decided yet可知consider这个动作正在进行且还要继续下去，只有现在完成进行时和现在进行时可以表示这个意思。
【答案】 B【解析】 句意：自从1989年11月份创立以来，APEC(亚太经合组织)已经经历了约24年的发展历程。根据since引导的从句可知，应该用现在完成时，又根据常识可知APEC(亚太经合组织)未解散，将继续生存下去，故用现在完成进行时。
【答案】 D10．Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School，where she English for a year.
A．studies B．studied
C．is studying D．has been studying
【解析】 句意：凯西正在阳光学校的课堂上记语法笔记，她在这里学英语已经一年了。表示动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，且还在持续，故用现在完成进行时。
【答案】 DⅡ.用所给动词的正确时态完成下列句子
1．You should go to bed.You (watch) TV for 5 hours.
2．I (write)letters since 6 o'clock.
3．I (look)for him everywhere.Where can he be?
4．They (help) us since five o'clock this morning.
5．I ( work)in this school since I graduated from college.Now I am still working here.
6．You know，I (look)for a job for three months，and this is my first formal interview.【答案】 1.have been watching 2.have been writing 3.have been looking 4.have been helping 5.have been working 6.have been looking 7.stayed 8.has been playing/has played 9.has been reading 10.have been waiting课件94张PPT。教师用书独具演示●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的词汇及用法。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点词汇和句式的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些词汇和句式，并能够运用这些句式造句。3．通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够熟练的掌握现在完成时和现在完成进行时的语法功能。
4. 听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
●教学地位
现在完成时和现在完成进行时的语法内容及其它们之间的区别让学生感觉区分度较小，易混易错的地方层出不穷。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是本课时学习的关键。 ●新课导入建议
Answer these questions to prepare yourself.
Use the key words below to help you.
Air hostess; baggage; boarding card; carriage; check－in; flight; gate; information desk; passenger; passport control ; platform; public transport; seat; ticket; ticket collector
1．There are many words or phrases above about travel; can you choose some of them to tell us a story?2．Can you imagine or describe some problems about transport?
Show some words to help students: accident; air pollution; bus service; carbon monoxide; car park ; crossroads highway; pedestrian area; speed limit; traffic jam; traffic lights; tunnel演示结束 1．sensitive adj.敏感的；能理解的
Mary，the American ambassador is a sensitive woman who is very friendly and gets on well with people.(教材P38)玛丽，那位美国大使是一位非常善解人意的女士，她非常友好，与人相处融洽。
He's very sensitive about his weight.
他很忌讳别人说他胖。
It's made me much more sensitive to the needs of the disabled.它使我更加明白残疾人的需要。be sensitive about/to...对……敏感的
be sensitive of...意识到；认识到
It is sensitive of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是正确的
She is sensitive to what people think of her.
她很敏感人们对她是怎么想的。2．likely adj.可能的
“He's most likely still in bed，”thinks Mary.(教材P38)
“他很可能还在睡觉，”玛丽想。
John's likely to go to the beach tomorrow.
约翰明天可能去海滩。sb./sth.be likely to do sth.某人/某物极有可能做某事
It is likely that...……是可能的
The weather is likely to be fine.＝It's likely that the weather will be fine.天气可能好转。【教师备课资源】
likely adv.可能地
likelihood n．可能性
Not likely！(口)不可能！才不呢！(强调否认或拒绝)【解析】 所填词做表语，主语是人，由more来修饰，意思是：更可能。其中四个选项中possible和probable也都“可能的”之意，但他们做表语时主语只能是物，sure在此处意思不恰当。
【答案】 A3．“I'd better take more responsibility for my own life，”she thinks.“I rely on Hao Qi too much！”(教材P38)“我最好还是为我自己的生活多承担点责任，”她想，“我太依赖郝奇了！”
(1)responsibility n．负责；责任；职责
Both of us were fully aware of our responsibilities.
我们俩都对自己的职责有充分的认识。take/have the responsibility for sth.对……负责
responsible adj.负责任的，对(某人)负责的
be responsible for对……负责
respond v．回答；反应；应答
response n．回答He will have responsibility for sales.
他将负责销售。
Would someone take responsibility for bringing Paul home？有人负责带保罗回家吗？(2)rely on依赖；依靠
Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help/to help us.如今，我们越来越依赖计算机协助工作。rely on/upon sb./sth.依靠某人/某物
rely on/upon...for...依赖；依靠……
rely on/upon sb.to do sth.依靠/指望某人做某事
rely on/upon it＋that从句 相信……；指望……
reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的You can't rely on the weather.(＝it may well be bad)
这天气可是靠不住。
They have to rely on the river for their water.
他们用水只好依靠这条河。
You may rely on it that I shall always help you.
你要相信我会一直帮助你的。
【提示】 rely on与depend on，see to等词后如需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it作形式宾语。4．check in托运；办理手续，存取某物
I've already checked in my luggage.(教材P39)
我已经把行李托运了。
I want to check in these books.
我想托运这些书。
Where can I check in?
我可以在哪儿办理登记手续？check into登记住进……
check out办理旅馆付账或退房手续
check off核对
check on sb./sth.核实某人/某物
She has just checked into the hotel.
她刚刚在旅馆办好住宿登记。5．pull up(车辆)停止；训斥(某人)
She pulled up suddenly at the traffic lights.(教材P39)
她突然把车在交通灯前停下来。
All the cars and buses were pulled up，for there was a terrible accident on the road.所有的车辆都停下了，因为路上发生了一起严重的交通事故。
He was pulled up by the chairman.
他被主席训斥了一顿。pull down拉下(遮帘、帘子等)；拆毁，拆掉(建筑物)
pull in (列车)到达，进站；(船、车)靠向一边，停靠
pull out驶离路边；驶出
pull through渡过难关，摆脱危难
Plans have been put forward to pull down and rebuild the area.已提出计划，要把这个地区的房屋推掉重建。
The boat pull out into the middle of the river.
那只船划出到了河中央。【教师备课资源】
pull at拉扯
pull on/off穿戴/脱(袜子，手套等)
pull over车(船)驶向一边
pull together齐心协力6．so far迄今为止
I've designed five or six different cars so far.(教材P40)
迄今为止我已经设计了五六款不同的汽车。
So far no solid facts can support his theory.
迄今为止还没有可靠的事实可以支持他的理论。
We have learnt about 3,000 English words so far.
迄今为止我们已经学习了大约3 000个英语单词。①同义短语：up till now；up to now；up to the present；until now。
②与far相关的短语和句型
so far as 只要
so/as far as I know 据我所知
as/so far as it goes就其本身而言；就目前的情况而论I will help you as far as I can.
我将竭尽全力来帮助你。
So far as I know，they're coming by car.
据我所知，他们将坐汽车来。7．take place发生
Where do these races take place？(教材P40)
这些(汽车)比赛是在哪儿举行的？
The Olympics take place every four years.
奥运会每四年举行一次。
I don't know exactly what took place in the classroom.
我不知道教室里到底发生了什么。take one's place就坐，就位
take the place of＝take someone else's place代替
in place of sb./sth.代替……，顶替……
Take your places for the next dance.
各就各位，准备跳下一个舞。
Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in China.在中国，电气化火车现在已经取代了蒸汽机车。Traffic jams in the town happen everyday.
城里的交通天天堵塞。
Did it occur to you to close the window?
你有没有想到关窗户？8．impression n．印象；感觉
I want people to have a good impression of solar cars.(教材P40)我想让人们对太阳能汽车有个好印象。
What's your impression of him?
你对他的印象如何？(他给你的印象怎样？)
I got the impression(that) they'd just had an argument.
我感到他们刚刚争论过。①have/get a good/bad impression of sb./sth.
对某人/某物的印象好/不好
make an impression on sb.
对某人造成影响/留下印象
②impress vt.给……留下印象；使铭记
impress sb.with sth.给予某人深刻印象
impress sth.on/upon sb.使某人铭记某事物
be impressed with/by对……留下深刻印象
③impressive adj.给人印象深刻的She impresses her teacher with her diligence.
她的勤奋给老师的印象很深。
The general is an impressive man.
那位将军是个令人肃然起敬的人物。9．appreciate vt.欣赏，鉴赏；感激，感谢
She'll appreciate it.(教材P41)她会喜欢上它的。
You can't really appreciate foreign literature in translation.看翻译作品不能真正欣赏到外国文学原著的美妙之处。
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
你今天下午回电话我将非常感激。We greatly appreciate your timely help.
对于您的及时帮助我们十分感激。
I'd appreciate it if you'd wait here for my return.
如果你要在这儿等我回来，我会很感激的。
【提示】 ①当appreciate表“感激”时，后面宾语一般是事情或it作形式宾语，如果表示“感激某人”则用thank sb.。
②it表示在条件、时间等的情况下所隐含的句子。这样用法的动词还有hate，love，like，dislike等。观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会现在完成时和现在完成进行时的用法。
①People have been worried about pollution caused by fuels.
②You've been designing solar racing cars for a long time.
③I have been interested in cars since kindergarten.④I have designed five or six different cars so far.
⑤I have been taking part in races for about four years.
⑥So far I've only written the first few chapters.[自我总结] 以上六句话都表示 开始的动作，延续到 的过程。其中①③④⑥句的结构为：have/has＋过去分词，是 ；②⑤句的结构为：have/has＋been＋现在分词，是 。
【答案】 过去；现在；现在完成时；现在完成进行时现在完成时和现在完成进行时
一、现在完成时的构成
1．现在完成时由“has/have＋动词的过去分词”构成，第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have。
2．现在完成时的肯定、否定、一般疑问式及其回答(以do为例)。二、现在完成时的概念及其用法
1．某动作开始于过去，持续到现在(也许还将持续下去)表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有：lately，recently，in the last/past few days/years(在过去的这几天/年里)，since then，up to now，so far(至今)等。
In the past few years，great changes have taken place in my hometown.
在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
He has been busy writing a book recently.
最近他一直在忙着写书。2．过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响，注意这时说话者说话的重心是过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有already，just(刚刚)，yet，never，before等。
I have already seen the film.(＝I know the film now.)
我已经看过这部电影。
3．This/That/It is the first/second/...time＋that从句that从句中谓语动词要用现在完成时。
This is the first time(that) I have come here.
这是我第一次来这里。4．在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已经完成的动作。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.只有我亲眼看到，我才会相信你的话。(强调“看完”)
I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.
我干完了工作就和你一起去。(强调“干完”)
5．瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词，还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。(×)He has come to Beijing since last year.
(√)He has lived in Beijing since last year.
(×)He has joined the army for 3 years.
(√)He has served in the army for 3 years.
(√)He joined the army 3 years ago.
(√)He has been a soldier for 3 years.
(√)It is 3 years since he joined the army.
(√)He has joined the army.常见的瞬间动词和短语有：come，go，get to/reach/arrive at，leave，buy，sell，open，close，get up，join/take part in，begin/start，return/give，borrow/lend，become/turn，bring/take，die，finish/end，receive/hear from，marry，break，lose，jump等。三、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
1．完成性
现在完成时的“已完成”用法强调动作的完成，现在完成进行时侧重于表示未完成。
I've dialled four times.I don't think anyone is in the office.我已经拨了四次电话了，我认为办公室里没人。
I've been dialling.I don't think anyone's in the office.
我一直在打电话，我认为办公室里没人。2．动作的持久性
现在完成时表示动作过程的持续性，而现在完成进行时更强调动作延续时间的长久性。
I have stayed in Lisbon for six weeks.
我在里斯本待了六周。
I have been staying in Lisbon for six weeks.
我在里斯本待了六周了。3．动作的频繁性
现在完成时同某些频度副词或数字连用时，表示反复的但可能有间断的动作，现在完成进行时可以表示断断续续地重复的动作，但不能同表示具体次数和具体数字的词并用。
I've posted a dozen postcards，but received none.
我已寄出一打贺卡了，可一张别人的也没收到。
I've been posting postcards since early December.
自十二月初开始，我一直都在忙着寄贺卡。I've read this book Pride and Prejudice several times.(√)
I've been reading this book Pride and Prejudice several times.(×)
《傲慢与偏见》这本书我已经读过好几遍了。 4．感彩
现在完成时感彩不浓，而现在完成进行时带有较为强烈的感彩。
You have been disturbing me.
你一直在打断我的话。
Someone has been speaking ill of me.
有人在一直说我的坏话。5．其他用法
(1)现代英语中，像lie，rest，wait，stay，sleep等谓语动词更倾向于用现在完成进行时。
The baby has been sleeping for about ten minutes.
这孩子已经睡了大约十分钟了。
(2)It is＋一段时间＋since＋从句时，从句一般用过去时。
(3)It/This is＋the first time＋从句，从句往往用现在完成时。【解析】 句意：在过去的三十年里，参加健身计划的人数急剧增加。由时间状语during the last three decades可知，本句要用现在完成时态，所以正确答案为B项。注意对现在完成时态的时间状语in/during/over the last/past ten years，so far，since...等的积累。
【答案】 B2．(2010·江苏高考)—Why，Jack，you look so tired!
—Well，I the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A．was painting B．will be painting
C．have painted D．have been painting
【解析】 句意：——怎么了，杰克，你看起来很疲倦！——噢，我一直在粉刷房子，明天必须完工。由句意，可知paint这一动作一直延续到tomorrow，故用现在完成进行时。
【答案】 D3．(2010·天津高考)We on this project for four hours.Let's have a rest.
A．are working B．have been working
C．worked D．had worked
【解析】 句意：我们一直工作了4个小时了。我们休息一会吧。根据语境判断该动作从过去发生并持续到现在，应该用现在完成进行时。
【答案】 B4．(2013·山东高考)—Oh no！We're too late.The train .
—That's OK.We'll catch the next train to London.
A．was leaving B．had left
C．has left D．has been leaving【解析】 句意：——噢，不！我们太晚了。火车已经离开了。——没什么。我们将乘坐下一班去伦敦的火车。根据对话中的关键信息“我们太晚了”以及“我们将乘坐下一班火车”可知他们要乘坐的火车已经走了，故用现在完成时。选项A为过去进行时，选项B为过去完成时，选项D为现在完成进行时，均不符合题意。
【答案】 C5．Thousands of Palestinian people their lives for the peace of their own country.
A．have been laying down B．have laid down
C．have been laid down D．were laying down
【解析】 句意：成千上万的巴勒斯坦人为了他们国家的和平而一直在献出生命。强调一直在做某事，动作的延续，故用完成进行时。完成进行时强调动作一直在延续，没有停止，而完成时强调动作到说明时刻不再进行。另外，短语lay down one's life是“献出生命”的意思。
【答案】 A6．—Hi！We have not seen each other for almost two years.
—I in a company as a secretary.
A．had worked B．have work
C．worked D．have been working
【解析】 由时间状语for almost two years可知应该是现在完成时，若强调动作的持续可用现在完成进行时。
【答案】 D7．This is the first time we a film in the cinema together as a family.
A．see B．had seen
C．saw D．have seen
【解析】 句意：这是我们全家第一次在电影院看电影。the＋序数词＋time＋(that)引导的定语从句，从句中动词时态用完成时；参照is可知此处应该用现在完成时。
【答案】 D8．—Hi，Tracy，you look tired.
—I am tired.I the living room all day.
A．painted B．had painted
C．have been painting D．have painted
【解析】 由all day可知，从早上开始一直在粉刷墙并可能继续刷下去。
【答案】 C9．My friend，who on the International Olympic Committee all his life，is retiring next month.
A．served B．is serving
C．had served D．has served
【解析】 根据时间状语all his life判断此处应用完成时态，再结合主句的谓语动词is retiring可知应用现在完成时。
【答案】 D10．Ever since his childhood，he of being a policeman.
A．has dreamed B．was dreaming
C．dreamed D．dreams
【解析】 句意：从小时候起他就梦想当一名警察。ever since...从……(时间)起，用于完成时中。
【答案】 A【答案】 1.are doing→have you been doing 2.Have you done→Did you do 3.come→came 4.didn't see→hasn't seen 5.passed→have passed 6.had→have 7.have been knowing→have known 8.rains→has been raining 9.wondered→wonder/am wondering 10.Are...cycling→Have...been cycling课件77张PPT。教师用书独具演示●教学目标
1．通过学案中所给出的重点词汇的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些词汇。
2．通过对这些知识点的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。3．借助本学案写作提升的讲解，培养学生用英语写图标类调查报告的能力，逐步培养学生用英语书写应用文体的习惯。
●教学地位
本单课时讲解的知识点是以教材重点词汇和句式出现的先后顺序依次呈现的。通过一篇相关话题的写作训练，思路点拨→词汇热身→句式温习→连句成篇。一步一步教会学生如何写出一篇调查报告。●新课导入建议
在科技发达的今天，每一位同学都有多样性的出行交通选择，结合本课时即将阐述的汽车文化，让同学们各自表达自己的日常出行方式，探讨什么样的方式最绿色环保。演示结束 Ⅰ.语篇理解
1．What are the A10，the M11 and the M25?
A．Cars. B．Roads. C．Stations.
2．What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Advice about how to give up using cars.
B．Introduction of the traffic in Britain and the ways to deal with.
C．Six easy ways to improve the environment.3．What produces most of the carbon monoxide in the atmosphere in London?
A．Factories.
B．People.
C．Car engines.
【答案】 1.B 2.B 3.CⅡ.经典句子
1． ，what kind of car is it?
如果有车的话，那是什么车呢？
2．This morning took me forty minutes to work.
今天早上我开车上班用了四十分钟。
3．How often do we arrive at work or school ？
有多少次我们极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒地到达学校或办公室？4．Sometimes it can take longer，but ？
有时候乘公共交通工具可能会多花一点儿时间，但是这又有什么关系呢？
5．Do of these things that suit you.
做任何适合你做的事。
【答案】 1.If so 2.it；to get 3.stressed out，tired and angry 4.a little bit；so what 5.whichever1．amount n．数量 vt.& vi.合计；总计
Amount of TV advertising(教材P42)电视广告的数量
He owed me ￡ 50，but could only pay half that amount.
他欠我五十英镑，但只能还总数的一半。
English learning involves a large amount of memory work.学习英语需要大量的记忆工作。a certain/fair amount of相当多的
in large/small amount大量地/少量地A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.
＝Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
这座桥花了很多钱。
【提示】 ①a large amount of＋不可数名词＋谓语动词单数形式。②large amounts of＋不可数名词＋谓语动词复数形式。2．How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out，tired and angry？(教材P42)有多少次我们极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒地到达学校或办公室？
句中stressed out，tired and angry作状语，用来说明主语we的状态。tired为过去分词形式的形容词。形容词在句中作状语，其功能在于说明主语的特征或状态。可以作伴随、原因、让步状语。
Afraid of being caught，the thief hid himself in the corner.由于害怕被抓住，这个小偷藏在角落里。(表原因)Ripe，these apples are very sweet.
熟了时，这些苹果是很甜的。(表时间)
The rabbit turned over，dead.
这只兔子翻了个身，死了。(表结果)
Helpless，we watched half a year's food destroyed before us.我们毫无办法，眼睁睁地看着半年的粮食在我们面前给毁掉了。(表伴随)3．compared to/with...与……相比
But anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs of the motor car.(教材P42)但是比起汽车的实际代价，紧张和恼怒还是微不足道的。
Compared to ours，their house is a palace.
他们的房子和我们的相比简直太豪华了．
My handwriting is good，but it is poor compared to my father's.
我的书法很好，但与我父亲的相比，我的就很差了。【提示】 compared to和compared with以被动的形式出现，作状语时，意思没有区别，可以通用，意思为“与……相比”。compare...with/to...把……和……比较
compare...to...把……比作……
compare with...与……匹敌(通常用在否定句中)
in comparison with...与……相比
comparative adj.比较的；相当的We can compare the conditions with theirs.
我们可以把我们的条件与他们的相比较。
Man's life is often compared to a candle.
人生常被喻为蜡烛。4．figure n．数字；数目 v．计算；想；估计
Here are some figures.(教材P42)这里有一些数据。
I've never had a good head for figures.
我对数字一点概念都没有。
My uncle has an income of seven figures a year.
我叔叔一年的收入有七位数。figure out弄明白；计算出
figure on计划；指望
I figured(that) you'd want to see me about it.
我想你会为这件事来找我的。
We still haven't figured out how to do it.
我们仍然想不出怎么去做这件事。5．I admit：I'm addicted to my car.(教材P43)我承认：我沉溺于我的汽车无法自拔。
(1)admit vt.承认，供认；准许进入
I admit my mistake.＝I admit that I was wrong.
我承认是我的错/我错了。
He is unwilling to admit being jealous of his brother.
他不情愿承认他妒忌他的兄弟。She admitted that she had stolen the bicycle.
她承认偷了自行车。
He was admitted to hospital suffering from burns.
他由于烧伤，被送入医院治疗。完成句子
①我儿子已经被北京大学录取了，这使我很自豪。
My son has been Beijing University，which makes me proud.
②我承认我对(玩)网络游戏上瘾。
I computer games.(2)addicted adj.沉溺于……的
I don't want to get addicted to stupid TV programmes.
我不想对愚蠢的电视节目上瘾。addict n．对……有瘾的人；成瘾者v.使沉溺于
be/become addicted to沉溺于……；醉心于
addict oneself to...使自己沉溺于；醉心于……
addiction n．吸毒成瘾，沉溺
addictive adj.上瘾的；(毒品等)使成瘾的At the age of 10，he's already a confirmed television addict.十岁时，他已是一个十足的电视迷了。
It doesn't take long to become addicted to these drugs.
服用这些毒品不要很长时间就会上瘾。6．On average，about forty people travel in one bus，while the same number occupy thirty?three cars.(教材P43)平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小汽车。
(1)on average通常；平均
We fail one student per year on average.
我们平均每年有一个学生不及格。
On average，we receive 5 letters each day.
我们平均每天收到五封信。above/below average在一般水平以上/下，中上/下；在平均数以上/以下
on(an/the) average通常；按平均数计算；一般来说
average v．平均是；平均为
an average of平均为(接数词)His school work is well above/below average.
他的学习成绩在平均水平以上(以下)。
We receive 20 letters a day on average.
我们平均每天接到二十封来信。It is now quite common for women to hold managers' jobs.现在妇女当上经理是很普遍的。
He's not a hero，just an ordinary man.
他不是英雄，只是个普通人。【解析】 句意：他是一个好学生，大多数科目得分高于平均水平。above average高于平均数；below average低于平均数；on average平均起来，一般说来。
【答案】 D(2)occupy vt.占领；占据；占(时间、空间)；占有；使忙碌；(使)全神贯注
During the war，Germany occupied many countries，including France.
战争期间，德国占领了很多国家，包括法国。
His speech occupied half an hour.
他的演讲用了半小时。occupy oneself with /in sth.使自己忙于某事
occupied adj.(人)无暇；忙碌；(物)在使用中；
已占用；不空闲
be occupied with sb/sth./in doing sth.忙于某事
occupation n．职业
I occupied myself in writing letters.我忙于写信。
Please state your name，address，and occupation.
请说出你的姓名、地址和职业。7．suit vt.适合
Do whichever of these things that suit you.(教材P43)
做任何适合你的事。
Her speech was well suited to the occasion.
她的讲话在这个场合十分得体。
A good teacher should suit his lessons to the age of his pupils.一位优秀的老师应使他的课适合学生的年龄。be suited to sth.适宜某事物(to为介词，后跟名词、代词)
be suitable for sth./sb.适合于某物/某人
suitable adj.适合的；适宜的；合适的；相配的
be suitable to do sth.适合做某事
suit n．一套衣服
Dick is ideally suited to the job.
迪克再适合这项工作不过了。8．damage vt.& n．损害；损失
A report last year also showed that air pollution from traffic is increasing and the old buildings in the town are getting destroyed and damaged.(教材P44)去年的一份报告也显示，车辆造成的空气污染正在加剧，该镇的古建筑正在遭到破坏和损毁。
The building was badly damaged by fire.
这座建筑物遭大火严重破坏。
Did the accident cause/do any damage?
那次意外有没有造成损失？【对接高考】
(2013·辽宁高考)The accident caused some to my car，but it's nothing serious.
A．harm B．injury
C．ruin D．damage【解析】 harm意为“危害；伤害”，主要指精神上的伤害；injury意为“受伤”，主要指躯体和情感上的伤害；ruin意为“毁灭；废墟；崩溃”，强调毁灭和不可修复；damage意为“损坏；损毁；损失”，强调使部分功能缺失。句意：这起事故对我的汽车造成了一些损坏，但是不太严重。
【答案】 D【解析】 句意：在1860年10月英法联军烧毁圆明园之后，所有以前的大殿大部分都被毁坏了。ruin“毁坏”，符合题意。damage指不一定全部破坏，还可修复；harm“危害”；若选D可用destroyed。
【答案】 B调查报告的写作(图表类)
调查报告属于应用文的范畴，旨在将调查结果真实、详细、有条理地呈现出来。有关调查报告的英文书面表达题目多以图表作文的形式呈现。题目往往要求我们根据要求将图表信息以文字的形式呈现出来。1．结构安排
根据所给图表的数目及题目所要求呈现的信息的种类等确定段落结构。如“习文练笔”要求对图1的信息进行描述，针对图2中的一个数据所反映的情况分析原因并发表个人看法，那么我们可以把段落确定为2～3个。以两段为例，第一段描述图1的信息，第二段针对图2中的一个数据进行具体分析，并发表个人看法。2．开篇
开篇要明确地指出所做调查的目的，这样也就明确了调查报告所要传达的是哪方面的信息。常用表达：
We have made a survey about...
In order to work out/find out/...we made a survey...
The survey we made recently shows that...3．主体段落
主体段落是呈现调查信息的段落，对于图表类调查报告而言，主体段落是最终实现图文转换的段落。写主体段落时要注意以下几个方面：
(1)圈定所要转换的信息时，要在题目的具体要求下提取信息，并对信息进行明确的分类。
(2)重组信息时，要注意根据题目要求去确定信息表述的详略，重要的信息要明确、详细地说明，一般的了解性信息一笔带过即可。
(3)对所给信息的转述要使用不同的表达方法，反映在文章中也就是要使用不同的词、词组、句型等。4．末段
末段通常用于对调查结果进行总结，也就是根据调查结果推出一个结论，或是针对调查结果发表个人的看法。写此段时要注意结论的客观性、看法的合理性。不可妄加评断。常见表达：
It can be concluded that...
We can make a conclusion that...
In conclusion...
In my opinion...下面是某高中对150名高三学生睡眠时间不足及其原因所作调查的结果。请根据图1提供的信息描述高三学生的睡眠情况，并针对图2中任何一个数据所反映的情况分析原因，并提出你的看法。
参考词汇：图表chart
高三学生每天的睡眠情况高三学生睡眠不足的原因所占比例[思路点拨]
本次写作任务是关于高三学生睡眠状况的调查报告。认真研读两个图表，准确表述图表背后的实质问题是写作的关键一环。写作时千万不要忘记提出自己的看法。总体时态为一般现在时，采用第一人称比较符合写作的要求。[词汇热身]
1．做调查
2．有足够睡眠
3．熬夜学习
4．感到更清醒
5．充分利用白天时间
6．用更有效的方式
【答案】 1.make a survey 2.have enough sleep 3.stay up late studying hard 4.feel more refreshed 5.make the best of daytime 6.in an effective way[句式温习]
1．结果表明62%的学生每天睡觉少于7小时。
The result shows that sleep for just less than seven hours each day.
2．我们可以认为大多数高三学生睡眠不足。
We can conclude that most of Senior 3 students .
3．从表2，我们得知高三学生睡眠不足的原因。
From chart 2， most Senior 3 students don't have enough sleep.4．我们应该晚上好好睡觉，醒来才能感觉更清醒。
We should and wake up feeling more refreshed.
【答案】 1.sixty-two percent of the students
2．don't have enough sleep
3．we learn the reasons why
4．sleep well at night【参考范文】
We have made a survey recently about how much time Senior 3 students can sleep every day among 150 students in a senior high school.The result shows that sixty-two percent of the students sleep for just less than seven hours each day，while thirty-seven percent of them can sleep for seven to eight hours.However，only one percent of the students say they can sleep for over eight hours.We can conclude that most of Senior 3 students don't have enough sleep.From Chart 2，we learn the reasons why most Senior 3 students don't have enough sleep.One of the reasons is that thirty-five percent of the students stay up late studying hard.I think it unwise to do so.We should sleep well at night and wake up feeling more refreshed.So we can make the best of daytime and study better in an effective way.课件34张PPT。强调句型如下：
It was I that/who saw her in the park yesterday.
昨天在公园里看见她的是我。(强调主语)
It was her that I saw in the park yesterday.
我昨天在公园里看到的是她。(强调宾语)
It was in the park that I saw her yesterday.
我昨天看到她是在公园里。(强调地点状语)
It was yesterday that I saw her in the park.
我在公园里看到她是在昨天。(强调时间状语)It wasn't until he came back that I went to bed.
直到他回来我才睡觉。(一定要注意被强调句型中的谓语动词否定的转移)。
【提示】 ①不管强调什么状语，不被强调部分都用that引导。
②not until的强调句型是考查的重点。
③区分定语从句和强调句型的方法：强调句型中如去掉It is/was和that后，句子还原仍成立；而定语从句去掉It is/was和引导词后句子中缺少成分，不成立。【对接高考】
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It was only after he had read the papers Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A．when B．that
C．which D．what【解析】 句意：直到他读了文件之后，格罗斯先生才意识到他面临的任务很难完成。本句为强调句型，强调了时间状语only after he had read the papers。根据强调句结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋剩余部分．”可知选B项。此外，我们也可以将It is/was与空格去掉来验证此句是不是一个强调句。
【答案】 B(2)afford v．买得起；承担得起；经得起；提供
We can't afford to pay such a price.
我们付不起这个价钱。
Dancing affords us pleasure.
跳舞给我们带来快乐。afford sth.负担得起……的费用
afford to do sth.负担得起做……的费用
They did not consider whether they could afford the time or not.他们没有考虑是否抽得出时间。
【提示】 afford常与can，could，be able to连用。2．Ford found a way to mass?produce the motor car cheaply，making it possible for many more people to own one.(教材P46)福特找到了一种廉价的成批制造汽车的办法，这使更多的人拥有汽车成为可能。
句中making it possible for many more people to own one 为现在分词短语作结果状语，可以改为定语从句：which made it possible for many more people to own one。
Another disaster hit a mine in Shanxi，causing many deaths.山西又一次发生了矿难，造成了许多人死亡。The boss was arrested，leaving the workers unemployed.
老板被逮捕了，工人们也失业了。分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。常见以下形式：
①v.＋-ing与句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中的谓语动词同时发生或基本上同时发生。
②having＋v.＋-ed与句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。
③v.＋-ed与句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。④being＋v.＋-ed与句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首。
⑤having been＋v.＋-ed与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发生。Hearing their teacher's voice，the pupils stopped talking at once.一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem，he asked the teacher for help.
因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助老师。
Helped by their teacher，the students finished the task successfully.
在老师的帮助下，学生们成功地完成了任务。【对接高考】
(2013·北京高考) the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.
A．Find B．Finding
C．To find D．Found【解析】 句意：发现这门课程很难，她决定转向难度低一些的课程。本句的主语为she，与find之间为主谓关系，要用现在分词短语作状语，故正确答案为B项。考生可能会受思维定式的影响而选C项，理解成动词不定式作目的状语。由语境可知，此处不是为了发现这门课程很难，故C项不正确。分析清楚主语与非谓语动词之间的关系是解题关键。
【答案】 B④完成了家庭作业，小男孩被允许看电视。
，the boy was allowed to watch TV play.
【答案】 ①thus causing the delay
②Having lived with the girl for 5 years
③Weighing almost one hundred jin
④Having finished his homework3．base n．底部；基地vt.以……作基础
Some of the car companies，like Cadillac，based their designs on airplanes.(教材P46)一些汽车公司，如凯迪拉克，是以飞机为蓝本设计汽车的。
This film is based on a novel by Charles Dickens.
这部影片是根据查尔斯·狄更斯的小说改编的。be based on以……为基础
base...on以……为根据地；把……的基础建立在
base...in把……作为……的据点/总部He bases his designs on Roman mosaics.
他以罗马镶嵌画作为自己设计的基础。
Our parent company is based in Osaka.
我们的公司总部设在奥萨卡。Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·山东高考) at the cafeteria before，Tina didn't want to eat there again.
A．Having eaten B．To eat
C．Eat D．Eating【解析】 句意：以前在那家自助餐馆吃过饭，蒂娜不想再去那里吃了。解答本题的关键是分析句子结构。句子的主语Tina与eat构成主动关系，需用doing；再根据句中的关键词before知“eat”这一动作发生在主句谓语动词“didn't want”之前，故用doing的完成形式having done，因此本题选having eaten。
【答案】 A2．We will have an exam next week the teaching plan.
A．basing B．basing on
C．based on D．based to
【解析】 be based on表示“以……为基础”，此处用作定语修饰名词an exam。
【答案】 C3．It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our work most.
A．who B．which
C．that D．what
【解析】 将题干中的it is和空格剔除，并将剩余部分进行调整可得到“Not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our work most.”所得到的句子结构完整，意义明确，由此可判断题干为强调句型，故空格处应用that。
【答案】 C4．The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance， in the natural light during the day.
A．to let B．letting
C．let D．having let
【解析】 句意：在入口处玻璃门已取代了木门，这样白天就有阳光进来。此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示必然的结果，排除A、C；因为此处不表完成，排除D。
【答案】 B5．—Would you like to go to the Russian ballet this weekend?
—I'd like .But I'm afraid I cannot the time.
A．to go；spare B．to；share
C．to；afford D．to go；spend
【解析】 句意：——你愿意周末去看俄罗斯芭蕾舞吗？——我想去。但是恐怕我抽不出时间来。I'd like to后面承前省略了go to the Russian ballet(this weekend)；afford抽得出时间。A项中spare，也有“抽时间”的意思，但第一空答案中应去掉go。
【答案】 C5．Getting up at 5∶00 a．m. (很适合我)．
6．A guess (以事实为依据的)is called a theory.
【答案】 1.did great damage to 2.visit me frequently 3．have been rising/going up 4.to connect；with 5．suits me fine 6.(that is)based on facts
课件30张PPT。Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1． vi.&n.得益；好处
2． adj.方便的，便利的
3． adj.抱有希望的
4． adj.善解人意的；敏感的
5． n．地道，隧道
6． prep.加，加上7． adj.时常发生的
8． n．票价，车费
9． n．数字，数目
10． vt.承认，供认
11． n．建筑；建筑物
12． n．数量
13． adj.身体的；物质的
14． n．阳光，日光
15． n．幼儿园【答案】 1.benefit 2.convenient 3.hopeful 4.sensitive 5.tunnel 6.plus 7.frequent 8.fare 9.figure 10.admit 11.construction 12.amount 13.physical 14.sunlight 15.kindergartenB．词汇拓展
16． vt.& n．损害，损失→ vt.〈同义词〉破坏，毁坏
17． adv.无处，任何地方都不→ adv.处处，到处
18． n．交叉路口，人行横道→ v．交叉，穿过
19． n．西北，西北方→ n．东南，东南方
20． n．印象，感觉→ v．给……以深刻印象【答案】 16.damage；destroy 17.nowhere；everywhere 18.crossing；cross 19.northwest；southeast 20.impression；impressⅡ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1． 对……产生影响
2． 在20世纪60年代
3． 锻炼身体，做运动
4． 经历，经受，仔细检查
5． 入住登记，报到
6． so far
7． all the time8． stressed out
9． in conclusion
10． look forward to
【答案】 1.have an effect on 2.in the 1960s 3.work out 4.go through 5.check in 6.迄今为止 7.一直，始终 8.紧张的，有压力的 9.最后，总之 10.期待，盼望B．用上面短语的适当形式完成下列句子
11．Trucks are not allowed to the city centre.
12．These things happen .
13．I'm all about this new job.
14． ，I would like to thank you.
15．Parents will the children.
【答案】 11.go through 12.all the time 13.stressed out 14.In conclusion 15.have an effect onB．用上面短语的适当形式完成下列句子
11．Trucks are not allowed to the city centre.
12．These things happen .
13．I'm all about this new job.
14． ，I would like to thank you.
15．Parents will the children.
【答案】 11.go through 12.all the time 13.stressed out 14.In conclusion 15.have an effect onⅢ.仿写式活用句型
1．Before 1908，when Ford's cars became available to the public，it was only the very rich who could afford to own a car.
【句式仿写】 ①就是他帮助我学英语的。
helped me with my English.
②因为坏天气，足球比赛不得不被推迟。
the football match had to be put off.2．How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out，tired and angry?
【句式仿写】 ①他躺在床上，毫无睡意。
He was lying in bed， .
②她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不能相信刚才发生的事情。
For a moment she just stood there， what had just happened.3．He was going through passport control when he realised he didn't have his passport.
【句式仿写】 ①我们正要外出，这时天突然开始下雨。
We out it began to rain suddenly.
②她正在和我谈话，这时她听到有人在喊她的名字。
She with me she heard someone calling her name.4．Wherever someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use.
【句式仿写】 ①你爱去哪儿我们就去哪儿。
We'll go .
②不管你走到哪里，总有密探跟着。
，there's always a spy hanging about.
【答案】 1.①It is he who(that) ②It was because of bad weather that 2.①awake ②unable to believe 3.①were going；when ②was talking；when 4.①wherever you like ②Wherever you go【实例透析】
(2012·广东高考)．..Rules help us live together in harmony，because they show us the right way to 13 others.However，some people argue that rules may be 14 ，having observed that rules change all the time，and that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones－so who is to 15 what is right?
13．A.follow B．instruct
C．treat D．protect14．A.disgusting B．confusing
C．unsafe D．unimportant
15．A.predict B．explain
C．decide D．consider
【解析】 13.C。考查动词，根据此句的意思“规章制度有助于我们和睦相处，因为规章制度告诉我们对待他人的正确方式”不难得出答案。14．B。考查形容词根据同义重现，由最后一句“rules change all the time，and that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones—”可知，规章制度也可能是“令人困惑的”。
15．C。考查动词，根据此句的意思，既然不同学校的规章不同，该由谁来“评定”什么是正确的呢？
【技巧点拨】
在做完形填空时，当考生们面对难度较大的题目时，既要集中精力进行分析归纳，又要相信直觉做出大胆判断。15．A.survive B．happen
C．gain D．win
16．A.adventurous B．active
C．ready D．intelligent
17．A.concern B．arrange
C．adore D．desire
...【解析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。一个老师在课堂上对孩子们说，将来他们中会出现伟大的人物，虽然老师也许并没有在意自己的话，但是其中一个学生(杰克逊)，却认真地对待了老师的鼓励，后来成为美国历史上一个伟大的人物。本文说明了我们要为自己的将来作准备这一个道理。
15. B。考查上下文呼应。句意：你希望发生的而没有正在发生的事情是什么呢？由后面的“that isn't happening”可知答案是B。survive“幸存”；gain“获得”；win“赢得”，均不符合语境。16. C。考查上下文呼应。句意：也许这个答案是你尚未准备好的。后面的“Maybe you need more time to prepare”可知答案为C。adventurous“冒险的”；active“积极的”；intelligent“聪明的”，均不符合语境。
17. D。考查语境逻辑。从前面的“Maybe you need more time to prepare before you are truly ready for that which”可知此处表示你需要更多的时间来为你想要的东西作准备。concern“关心”；arrange“安排”；adore“喜爱”，均不符合语境。【实例透析】
I was at a grocery store one evening. I had1(finished)selecting goods and as I was standing in line waiting for my2(turn), I noticed the woman3(directly)in front of me, who looked as if she had just had some kind of medical4(treatment). Her face looked as if she had known a lot of 5 and was tired of everything. She had bought everything 6 one would need to care for oneself at home. She7(kept)glancing at her groceries and counting the8(money)in her hand. I wish I had money to pay for her groceries. What can I do to9(help)her out?
...5．A.pain B．experiences
C．appointments D．surprise
6．A.in case B．for which
C．so that D．that
【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。“我”在商店购物的时候看到助人为乐的一幕。“我”排队准备结账时，前面一个女士带的钱不够，于是有人出手相助。5. A。6. D。在初次阅读这篇文章时很难对第5、6题作出直接的判断，但如果进行复读就很容易从上文中的medical treatment得出答案，故第5题选A。而对第6题所在的句子进行分析后就会发现：此处用that引导定语从句，that指代前面的everything, 并在从句中作need的宾语。【技巧点拨】
复读是做完形填空的一个比较重要的环节，尤其是考生面对一些难度较大的文章时，第一遍读后往往会对许多问题的答案都似是而非，难以做出决择，但通过复读这些问题往往就会迎刃而解。Rossetti could see that the old fellow was deeply18(moved) . “Who is this fine young artist？”he asked . “Your son？”“No，”said the old man19(sadly). “It is me 40 years ago. If only I had heard your praise then！However, I got 20 and gave up too soon. ”
20. A. concerned B. abused
C. independent D. discouraged【解析】 这是一篇寓意深刻的记叙文。一位老人拿着一些画作让著名画家罗塞蒂进行评价，这位老人在40年前才华横溢，却由于得不到鼓励与帮助而放弃了他的追求。
20. D。如果不仔细阅读，有些考生可能没有发现if only引导的虚拟语气。老人也正是由于没有在四十年前听到这些赞美之词而失去勇气放弃了他的艺术。
