北师大版（2019） 选择性必修 第四册 Unit 12 Innovation Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking （重点 词、句）课件（13张PPT）

(共13张PPT)
Unit 12
Innovation
Lesson 3
Stephen Hawking
02
03
句子控
语法汇
模块
导航
01
词汇斩
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．They ________ (overcome) some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, which was beyond our expectations.
词汇斩
【解析】
1．overcame　根据空后的completed可知，此处应用一般过去时。句意为：他们克服了一些困难，提前完成了工作，这超出了我们的预期。
2．As long as we have a strong will, the temporary difficulties ________ (overcome) and we can live through them with a better preparation for the future.
3．Overcome ________ excitement, he could hardly say a word.
词汇斩
【解析】
2．will be overcome　as long as引导条件状语从句时，主句和从句遵循“主将从现”的时态原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。主句主语the temporary difficulties与overcome之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。句意为：只要我们有坚强的意志，暂时的困难就会被克服，我们会渡过难关，更好地为未来做准备。
3．with/by　be overcome with/by… 意为“(感情上)受到……的极大影响”，Overcome ________ excitement在此处作状语，省略了be动词，故填with或by。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Even mother chimps regularly decline ________ (share) food with their children.
2．The number of trees higher than two feet has declined ________ 50%, the new study finds.
3．The past decade has witnessed a decline ________ the deaths from the disease because of the progress in medicine.
词汇斩
【解析】
1．to share　句意为：甚至作为母亲的黑猩猩也经常拒绝和它们的孩子分享食物。
2．by　句意为：新的研究发现，高于两英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。
3．in/of　句意为：由于医学的进步，过去的十年里，该疾病的死亡人数减少了。
二、翻译句子。
1．The whole team’s performance began to decline after the first defeat.
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2．自从这条法规生效起，公共场合吸烟者的数量一直在减少。
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词汇斩
【解析】
1．在第一次失败之后，整个团队的表现开始下滑。
2．Since the law came into effect, the number of smokers in public places has been on the decline/in decline/declining.
定向练3
一、同义句转换。
In spite of the fact that Henry is not good at communicating with others, he still dreams of becoming a salesman.
→________ ________ ________ ________ Henry is not good at communicating with others, he still dreams of becoming a salesman.
→________ Henry is not good at communicating with others, he still dreams of becoming a salesman.
词汇斩
【解析】
Despite the fact that; Although/Though/While
二、翻译句子。
尽管天气不好，我们仍然度过了一个美好的周末。
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词汇斩
【解析】
Despite/In spite of the bad weather, we still had a wonderful weekend.
句子控
定向练
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1．Do you know the things and persons ________ they are talking about
2．That is the very painting ________ I’ve been looking for.
3．The first American movie ________ I watched was Titanic.
4．This is the best museum ________ I have visited all my life.
【解析】
1．that　先行词为两个并列成分且包含人和物，关系词用that。
2．that　先行词被the very修饰，关系词用that。
3．that　先行词被The first修饰，关系词用that。
4．that　先行词被最高级the best修饰，关系词用that。
句子控
5．Everything ________ we saw at the exhibition was very interesting.
6．You can take any seat ________ is free.
7．The little problems ________ we meet in our daily life may be a source of inspiration for great inventions.
【解析】
5．that　句意为：我们在展览会上看到的一切都很有趣。先行词为不定代词Everything，且定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用关系代词that引导该从句。
6．that　句意为：你可以坐任何空着的座位。先行词被any修饰限定，且定语从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that引导该从句。
7．that/which　句意为：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感源泉。先行词虽被little修饰限定，但little在此意为“小的”，且定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用关系代词that/which引导该从句。
定向练
翻译句子。
1．由于机器故障，列车不得不停下来。(failure; due to)
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2．多亏了你的帮助，我按时完成了工作。
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3．你去不去都取决于你。(up to)
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语法汇
【解析】
1．The train had to stop due to (a) machine failure.
2．Thanks to your help, I have finished the work on time.
3．Whether you go or not is up to you.
4．他不顾我说了什么，粗鲁地打断了我。(without; 介词短语作状语)
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5．我是在最后期限的前几天完成这项工作的。(ahead; deadline)
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6．除了结尾部分，这是一部好的电影。　
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7．你应该反省自己的错误，而不是一直与她争论。
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语法汇
【解析】
4．Without regard to what I said, he rudely interrupted me.
5．I finished the work several days ahead of the deadline.
6．Apart from the ending, this is a good film.
7．You should reflect on your mistakes, instead of constantly arguing with her.