备战2023中考英语语法知识梳理——专题十一非谓语动词（河北）(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
专题十一 非谓语动词
专题十一 非谓语动词
栏目导航
数据纵览 考情分析
1
数据共享 考点聚集
2
知识导图
非谓语动词
不定式
动名词
分词
2013—2022年河北中考命题分析
数据纵览 考情分析
1
根据近几年非谓语动词的考查数据分析,这一部分并不是河北省中考命题的要点,但这是学生初中英语学习的重点。尤其是不定式与动名词的用法更是学生掌握的重点,对于完形填空、阅读理解的文本理解很关键,书面表达中非谓语动词的使用频率也是很高的 考生在备考时要掌握不定式、动名词、分词的用法;牢记固定搭配,书面表达中要注意非谓语动词的用法,能准确遣词造句
考点综述
满分攻略
2023预测 (★★☆) 预测2023年河北中考单项选择不会直接考查非谓语动词,但会与其他考点一起出现,连词成句可能对此考点有所体现,考查学生的综合能力
考点 年份 不定式 动名词 分词（现在分词、过去分词）
题号 题目设置 题号 题目设置 题号 题目设置
2022 — — — — — —
2021 — — — — — —
2020 — — — — — —
2019—2015 — — — — — —
2014 33 充当forget的宾语 — — — —
2013 39 充当decide的宾语 — — — —
续表
数据共享 考点聚焦
2
不定式
动名词
分词
考点 一
考点 二
考点 三
不定式
考点考法强化
1. (2022·唐山路北区二模) What can we do 　　 the environment
A. protecting B. protected C. to protect D. protects
2. (2022·邵阳改编) — How can I prevent COVID-19, Dad
— 　　 healthy, you should always wear a mask and wash hands frequently.
A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. To keeping
C
C
11
15
12
13
14
6
10
7
8
9
1
5
2
3
4
考点 一
3. (2022·天津) The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree　　　　____ it.
A. sell　 B. sells　 C. sold　 D. to sell
4. (2022·宿迁) — Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills
— Certainly. I advise you 　　 a diary in English every day.
A. to keep　B. keeping　C. kept　D. keep
D
A
11
15
12
13
14
6
10
7
8
9
1
5
2
3
4
5. (2022·扬州) 　　 the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door.
A. Reach B. To reach C. Reaching D. To reaching
6. (2022·怀化改编) The teacher told Jack 　　 off the light when he left the classroom.
A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned
B
C
11
15
12
13
14
6
10
7
8
9
1
5
2
3
4
7. (2022·云南) If you want 　　 your pronunciation, keep on practicing every day.
A. improve B. improved C. improving D. to improve
8. (2022·达州) The local government advises people 　　 to other places 　　　　it is not necessary during the pandemic.
A. travel; unless B. to not travel; if
C. not to travel; unless D. not to travel; if
D
D
11
15
12
13
14
6
10
7
8
9
1
5
2
3
4
9. (2022·重庆) The new year is coming. Teachers encourage us new hobbies.
A. develop B. developing C. to develop D. developed
10. (2022·辽阳一模) 　　 English well, I have to practice reading every day.
A. Speak B. To speak C. Speaking D. Spoken
C
B
11
15
12
13
14
6
10
7
8
9
1
5
2
3
4
11. (2022·龙岩上杭县一模改编) The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games encourage 300 million people 　　 winter sports.
A. practise B. practising C. to practise D. practised
12. (2022·琼海二模改编) — Our school-leavers’ party is coming.
— Wow. I can’t wait 　　 the exciting day.
A. celebrate B. celebrating C. to celebrate D. to celebrating
C
C
11
15
12
13
14
6
10
7
8
9
1
5
2
3
4
13. (2022·沈阳沈河区二模) Every Saturday, Joe went to a local hospital　　　　____ after the patients.
A. to look B. looking C. looked D. looks
14. (2022·包头二模) — What did you save your money for
— 　　 a new computer.
A. Buy B. Bought C. To buy D. Buying
A
C
11
15
12
13
14
6
10
7
8
9
1
5
2
3
4
15. (2022·重庆开州区模拟) — Let’s go to the movies this weekend.
— Sorry, but my parents and I have decided 　　 to Mountain Xuebao for camping.
A. go B. going C. to go D. went
C
11
15
12
13
14
6
10
7
8
9
1
5
2
3
4
学法方法点拨
1. 不定式的构成
基本形式: to +动词原形(这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,有时可以省略)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not(+to)+动词原形”。
动词不定式具有动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,有不同的时态和被动语态,但它没有人称和数的变化。
2. 不定式的句法功能
功能 知识拓展 例句
作主语 不定式作主语时,通常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。其结构为: It +be +adj. (+for/of sb.)+动词不定式. It’s easy for me to do it well.
对于我来说,我可以轻易地把它做好。
功能 知识拓展 例句
作宾语 ①作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。常见的后面接动词不定式的动词(短语):agree(同意)、afford(负担得起)、begin (开始)、decide (决定)、expect (期望)、forget(忘记)、help(帮助)、hope/wish(希望)、learn(学习)、like(喜欢)、manage(完成,应付)、offer(提供)、prefer(更喜欢)、prepare(准备)、 pretend(假装)、plan(计划)、promise(承诺)、refuse(拒绝)、want/would like(想要)等 ② find, think等后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在后面 You must learn to look after yourself.
你必须学着照顾自己。
I can’t afford to buy the ring. 我买不起这枚戒指。
续表
功能 知识拓展 例句
作宾语补足语 ①常见的后面接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有: advise(建议)、allow(允许)、ask(要求)、expect (期望)、force(强迫)、help(帮助)、invite(邀请)、teach (教)、tell(告诉)、warn(警告)、want/would like(想要) ②在make、let、see、feel、notice、hear、watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to(但在被动语态中to不能省略) Can you teach me to swim 你能教我游泳吗
I saw him cross the street. /He was seen to cross the street. 我看见他穿过了街道。
续表
功能 知识拓展 例句
作表语 多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换为作主语 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
作定语 不定式作定语,要放在被修饰词的后面 Would you like something to eat
你想要些吃的东西吗
作状语 表目的 I went to the store to buy some food.
我去商店买了些吃的。
表原因 I’m sorry to trouble you. 我很抱歉给你添麻烦了。
表结果 He was too excited to say a word.
他太激动以至于一句话也说不出来。
续表
功能 知识拓展 例句
和疑问词连用 不定式常和疑问词what、which、when、where、how连用,在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分 “疑问词+不定式”这一结构常用于tell、know、advise、teach、find out、decide、discuss等动词后, 充当宾语 I don’t know what to say.
我不知道该说些什么。
I haven’t decided where to go for my summer holiday. 我还没决定去哪里过暑假。
续表
考点考法强化
1. (2022·章丘区校级模拟) 　　 is a lifelong journey because every day brings us something new.
A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Learns
2. (2022·遂宁) — The art festival is coming. It’s a good chance to show ourselves.
— You are very good at 　　. And you will be the most popular star.
A. singing B. sing C. to sing D. sang
B
动名词
A
3
7
4
5
6
2
1
考点 二
3. (2022·岳阳改编) Many students practice 　　 in the morning because of the P.E. exam.
A. run B. running C. ran D. to run
4. (2022·青岛模拟) During our vacations, we should avoid 　　 up late at night to be more active.
A. stay　 B. to stay　 C. stayed　D. staying
B
D
3
7
4
5
6
2
1
5. (2022·河池宜州区模拟) Please return me the book after you finish ____　　it.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. to reading
6. (2022·绥化三模改编) Jim has the most books in our class. He spends as much time as he can 　　.
A. reads　　B. read C. reading D. to read
7. (2022·济南章丘区三模) We should spend at least one hour every day 　　　　____ sports to keep healthy.
A. to play　B. played　C. playing　D. play
B
C
C
3
7
4
5
6
2
1
学法方法点拨
1. 动名词的构成
动名词由“动词原形+-ing ”构成。
2. 动名词的句法功能
功能 知识拓展 例句
作主语 谓语动词用单数形式 Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在阳光下读书对你的眼睛有害。
功能 知识拓展 例句
作宾语 动名词可作动词或介词的宾语。常见接动名词的词或短语有:avoid(避免)、consider(考虑)、enjoy(喜欢)、finish(完成)、imagine(想象)、keep(坚持)、practice(练习)、mind(介意)、suggest(建议)等, be busy doing忙于做某事, be worth doing值得做, be/get used to doing习惯做, can’t help doing(情不自禁做), have fun doing(做……开心), feel like doing(想要做), give up doing(放弃做), look forward to doing(期望做) The girl practices playing the piano every day. 这个女孩每天练习弹钢琴。
We have fun working together. 我们一起工作很开心。
续表
功能 知识拓展 例句
作表语 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换为作主语 My work is cleaning the house. =Cleaning the house is my work. 我的工作是打扫房间。
作定语 动名词作定语要位于所修饰的词之前 She is in the reading room.
她在阅览室里。
续表
考点考法强化
1. (2022·天水麦积区模拟) How much do you know about the girl ____　　beside Ms Liu just now
A. stood B. to stand C. stands D. standing
2. (2022·扬州江都区二模) A new high-speed railway station Yangzhou 　　　　Shanghai will be built soon.
A. connecting; to B. connected; to C. connects; with D. connected; and
D
分词
A
4
8
5
6
7
3
1
2
考点 三
3. (2022·常州一模) 　　 with the price of houses, the price of cars has become a little lower recently.
A. To compare B. Comparing C. Compared D. To be compared
4. (2022·天津滨海新区模拟) — What are you doing
— I’m reading a book 　　 by Mo Yan.
A. written B. writes C. writing D. to write
C
A
4
8
5
6
7
3
1
2
5. (2022·哈尔滨香坊区模拟改编)— Would you like to go to the library with me
— I’d love to, but my bike is broken, so I must have it 　　 right now.
A. repair B. to repaired C. repaired D. repairing
6. (2022·哈尔滨香坊区模拟改编) When 　　 difficulties, we should be brave.
A. face B. to face C. facing D. faced
C
C
4
8
5
6
7
3
1
2
7. (2022·杭州模拟) Look! There are so many students 　　 in the pool.
A. swim B. are swimming C. swimming D. to swim
8. (2021·齐齐哈尔克东县模拟) — Have you watched the movie Hi, Mom(《你好,李焕英》)
—Yes, it is about 　　 a daughter loves her mother.
A. calling; how B. calls; how many
C. called; how much D. called; how many
C
C
4
8
5
6
7
3
1
2
学法方法点拨
1. 分词的构成
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+-ing”形式构成;过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”,但也有不规则的形式。现在分词表主动、进行;过去分词表被动、完成。
2. 现在分词的句法功能
功能 知识拓展 例句
作定语 分词作定语,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词 Do you know the boy playing on the playground 你认识在操场上玩耍的男孩吗
作状语 现在分词的逻辑主语为句子的主语 The worker came into the room, carrying a heavy box. 这位工人搬着一个重箱子进入了房间。
作补语 现在分词作补语,被补充说明的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系) I saw the boy dancing when I passed by.
当我经过的时候,我看到这个男孩在跳舞。
3. 过去分词的句法功能
功能 知识拓展 例句
作状语 分词或分词短语作状语时,可表示时间、伴随、原因、结果、让步、条件等 The teacher came in, followed by some students. 老师进来了,后面跟着一些学生。
作定语 表示被动或完成,单个分词置于所修饰词前,分词短语则后置 He is an unexpected visitor.
他是个不速之客。
作表语 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征;过去分词表示某种状态 The girl was excited about the news. 这个女孩对这则消息感到兴奋。
功能 知识拓展 例句
作补语 过去分词作补语,被补充说明的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系) My mom wants to have her hair cut. 我妈妈想把头发剪了。
续表