2023届高考高三英语二轮复习专题课件：定语从句语法疏通课件(共66张PPT)

(共66张PPT)
定语从句
语法疏通
知识准备
什么是定语：
用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。
定语 修饰和限定名词和代词的词。通常由形容词，代词(多为形容词性物主代词），数词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词和从句（定语从句）来担当。
a kind girl,
a book on the desk
I have homework to finish.
the fallen leaves
the boy who is very smart
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置。
The girl in red is his sister.
The boy called Jim is my brother。
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now
Which one is Harry Porter
The boy is Harry Porter .
定语从句相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。
1. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who, whom(作宾语成分）, whose, that,
which
关系副词：when（时间）, where（地点）,why（原因）
名词/代词 + 定语从句
Which one is Harry Porter
The boy _______________________ is Harry Porter .
who is wearing glasses
定语从句
一、概念:　在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.
Harry Porter is a smart boy.
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
形容词作定语
句子作定语,修饰boy, 叫做定语从句
(在主句中作定语)
定语分两种：
限制性和非限制性
非限制性定语从句前面有______
,
先行词 (antecedent)
关系词 (relative)
定语从句(attributive clause)
关系代词
关系副词
that, which, who, whom, whose
where, when，why
The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Porter .
二、用法:　
关系代词 关系副词
起连词作用，本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语 即起连接作用，本身又在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语
who,whom(…的人） whose(某人的…） which(…东西，指物) that(…的人或物，指物或人） as(象…那样的，和…相同，正如)
when(…的时候，修饰的时间名词)
where(…的地方修饰场所、方位等名词)
why(…原因；…理由)
Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质
the machine
a machine
that /which
关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词
先行词和关系词的关系
1.A plane is a machine that can fly.
2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.
3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up
by his grandfather.
4.The school where I study is far from my home.
the machine = that
the boy =who
the boy’s =whose
in the school = where
关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
关系代词和关系副词的作用：
1、引导作用 2、替代作用
3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
Eg: 1.Those who want to go please should be ready.
2. Bill, who was my student , asked me questions.
关系词引导定语从句，同时指代先行词在 定语从句中充当的成分
所以先行词在定语从句中不再出现,也不用其他词代替
Bill is a boy who I teach him.
关系代词:引导定语从句的关系代词
These are the trees which / that were planted last year.
先
行
词
是
人
who
whom
whose
that
which
先行词是物
These are the students who / that won the first place last year.
关系副词:引导定语从句的关系副词
when, where, why
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的成分
when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
Fill in the form.
关系代词 指代 在定语从句充当的成分
that
which
who
whom
whose
人
主语，宾语
人
物
人，物
人，物
宾语
主语，宾语
主语，宾语
定语
Have a try
指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：
1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
( )
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )
3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
( )
4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.
( )
主语
宾语
定语
宾语
Fill in the form.
关系副词 指代 在定语从句充当的成分
when
where
why
时间
地点
原因
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
1. I’ve come to the point
I can’t stand him.
a war will
某些抽象地点名词如：point,situation, case，stage,condition,occasion，atmosphere，spot，scene, position，system等表示“程度，情况，情况，舞台，条件，场合，气氛，点，场景，位置，系统”或为activity，party等表示“活动，聚会”意思而且作定语从句中的状语时，其后定语从句常由where引导。
2. The country is in the situation break out at any time.
关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。不能省略.
关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词结构。
1、When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。
He told me the date when(on which) he joined the Party.
2、Where指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语。
This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ago.
3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。
I know the reason why(for which) she was so angry.
1. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：
e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms with which I’m not familiar.
2. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：
e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
关系代词前介词的确定
The book __________ I heard was written 20 years ago.
The people __________ the man spoke weren’t listening.
The film __________ I fell asleep was very boring.
The pen __________ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.
The little creature __________ scientists are interested is known as ET.
The gun __________ he was shot was never found.
of which
to whom
in which
with which
in which
by which
This is the car ____which I paid 100$.
This is the car ____which I spent 100$.
This is the car ____which I go to work every day.
This is the car ______ which I can’t go to work.
This is the car ____which the old man was knocked down.
This is the car ____which a boy threw a stone.
This is the car ______which we talked .
This is the car ____which the window was broken.
/
for
on
in
without
by
at
about
of
3.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：
Whose引起从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，即 the+ n + of +which/whom 如：
eg.
They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.
They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
1)Hangzhou is the place ______ I went last summer.
2)He read the book ___________ his sister had told him about.
3) The reason ______________ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam.
4) I remember the day ____________ my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.
5) Please give me the reason ______ you were late.
6) I will go back to the place ______________ I grew up and live there forever.
why/ for which
where
which/that/ x
When/on which
why
Where/in which
Have a try
This is the reason__________ he gave me.
This is the reason___________ he was late.
that/which
why
This is the factory ________ my father worked.
This is the factory ___________ my father visited .
that/which
where
October 1 is a day _________ we will never forget.
October 1 is a day ______our new China was founded.
that/which
when
EX.
难点：关系代词还是关系副词
先行词为时间、
地点、原因的名词时
关系词在 定从中作 主语或者 宾语时
=
conclusion :
关系词在 定从中作 状语时
如何选用定语从句的关系词
1.首先分清主句和定语从句
2.判断从句中缺少什么成分，若缺主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若缺状语，则选择关系副词；
3.再看先行词，指人用who,whom,that,
whose,that; 指物用 that，which。
1. who, whom, whose, that 用法区别
① who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The man is a worker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
分解
作主语
② whom 作定语从句的宾语
The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.
The woman is a teacher.
They wanted to visit the woman.
分解
作宾语
③ that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.
The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
可省略
The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
④ whose 作定语从句的定语
(whose既可以指人，也可以指物).
I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.
分解
I know the girl.
The girl’s mother is a teacher.
作定语
I have a book whose cover is yellow.
2. which, that 的用法
which /that 作定语从句的主语和宾语.
I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.
This is a truck which / that is made in China.
作主语
作宾语
可省略
which / that 指物,作主语,不能省。作宾语，可以省。
This is a book
I bought the book yesterday.
This is the book which/that I bought yesterday.
The dog has been found.
The dog was lost.
The dog which was lost has been found.
① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.
This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
3. 只能用that的情况
②先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that you lend me.
③ 当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。
Everything that we saw in this film was true.
This is all that I want from the school.
④ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last,only, just, very, right, last修饰时。
1. This is the very book that belongs to him.
2. This is the very book that I am looking for these days.
⑤ 主句已有who或which时
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.
⑥ 当先行词同时指人和物时
1. I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.
2. Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about
4. 只能用which的情况
This is the house in which Luxun once lived.
The Changjiang River, which is the longest river in China, runs from west to east into the sea.
* 介词后面和逗号后面不用that
(3)先行词是指物的that,those
She found that which he looked for.
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时
(1)关系代词作介词宾语时
in that
(that)
1.Anyone who breaks the law is punished.
2.Those who break the law are punished.
3.He who breaks the law is punished.
4.He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
在, anyone, those, he,that,you,they 作先行词时(指人）, 用”who” 不用 “that”.
5. when
when可用in/on/at/during +which 代替
用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：
I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.
My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War Ⅱ broke out.
6. where
where可用in/on/at/to + which 代替
用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：
This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.
The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.
7. why
why可用for +which 代替
用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：
There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.
Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.
8. 非限制性定语从句
1. 非限制性定语从句的定义
非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不用that 引导。
My watch, which is very old, stopped again.
2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：
This is the best book that I have read.
This is a good book, which is easy to understand.
(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。
(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。
(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。
Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from Class Two.
My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.
This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.
The weather turned out to be very good, that was out of our expect.
whom
whose
which
9. As 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
1. as引导非限定语从句可以放在句首，句中，或主句
后面； which引导非限定语从句放在主句后面
Eg:As is known to all,Taiwan belongs to China.
Mary was late again ,which made the teacher angry.
2. as引导非限定语从句有“正如”“ 正象”之义，而 which 没有,常见的结构有：
As we all know,as everybody can see, as is known to all,
as is said above…
Eg:Paper, as we all know,was first made in China.
10. 注意事项
1. what不引导定语从句.what=all that
I want to give you what I have.(宾语从句）
2. 先行词被the same 修饰时，关系代词既可用that, 也可用as.但意义不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同样的”。
3. 关系副词when/where/why其含义相当于on which/in which/for which等可交替使用。如：The day when/on which I met him first was May 1st.
4.当先行词为专有名词或整个句子是世界上独一无二的名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。
5. way 后面定语从句：
Please pronounce the word the way she does.
I admire the way in which(that) the teacher gave his lessons.
6. 含有定语从句的强调句：
Was it in the reading-room where Kate met you that you read the magazine
It was in the lab which was in the charge of him that they did the experiment
由Who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\ 宾语
1、Do you know the man ___ is talking with your father
A. whose B. who C. which
2、The boys ___ the teacher talked to are from Class One.
A. when B. which C. who
3、Those ___ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
A. who B. which C. whom
4. The gentleman ___ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom
5. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in the room.
A. whom B. what C. which
6. The teacher for ____ you are waiting has come.
A. who B. whom C. that
由Whom 引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语
介词提前时只能用 whom
7. A child ___ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. which B. his C. whose
8. This book is for the students ___ native(本国的) language is not English.
A. that B. of whom C. whose
9. The boy ___ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.
A. who B. whose C. that
由Whose 引导的定语从句, 在句中做定语
10、He prefers to eat the rice ___ in the south.
A. who is grown B. which is grown C. when is grown
11、 The knife ___ I cut the apple with can’t be found.
A. which B. who C. what
12、The room in ___ there are many books is mine.
A. that B. who C. which
13、This is the pen ____ he bought yesterday.
A. which B. who C. when
由Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\ 宾语
介词提前时只能用 which
that
14. All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. which B. that C. what
15. Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. that
先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything只能用that引导
16. It’s the most boring film ___ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. whose
17. This is the first car ___ arrived this morning.
A. which B. who C. that
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导
18. I know all people ___ are from that village.
A. who B. that C. whose
19. There is no water ___ is needed badly.
A. which B. who C. that
20. Please take any seat ___ is free.
A. which B. that C. in which
先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰时只能用that引导
21. That is the very book ___ I was looking for.
A. who B. that C. which
22. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing ___ he owns.
A. who B. that C. which
先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时只能用that引导
23. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books ___ were popular then.
A. who B. that C. which
先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导
24. Who is the worker ___ took some pictures of the factory.
A. who B. that C. which
主句已有who或which时,只能用that 引导
1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.
who/that
which/that
whose
2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.
3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
4. My parents live in a house__________ is more than 100 years old.
5. The boy with _______ John spoke is my brother.
which/that
whom
6. Kevin is reading a book __________is too difficult for him.
which/that
7. Is there anything ________ you want to buy in the town.
8.All ______ we can do is to study hard.
9. The first one _____ stands up is a little boy.
that
that
that
1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.
This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life.
2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.
The man who is running is my uncle.
3. 我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.
I like the music that I can sing along with.
4. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.
The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
PPT模板下载：www./moban/ 行业PPT模板：www./hangye/
节日PPT模板：www./jieri/ PPT素材下载：www./sucai/
PPT背景图片：www./beijing/ PPT图表下载：www./tubiao/
优秀PPT下载：www./xiazai/ PPT教程： www./powerpoint/
Word教程： www./word/ Excel教程：www./excel/
资料下载：www./ziliao/ PPT课件下载：www./kejian/
范文下载：www./fanwen/ 试卷下载：www./shiti/
教案下载：www./jiaoan/
字体下载：www./ziti/
感谢倾听