2023届高考高三英语二轮复习专题：定语从句-做题技巧课件（共44张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2023届高考高三英语二轮复习专题：定语从句-做题技巧课件（共44张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-19 20:53:36 | ||
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(共44张PPT)
定语从句
做题技巧
考点1：关系代词和关系副词的选用
The woman — she lives next door — is a doctor.
定语从句/关系从句
The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
关系代词
先行词
注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略
关系代词指代人用“who”或”that”
We know a lot of people— they live in London.
定语从句/关系从句
We know a lot of people who live in London.
关系代词
先行词
注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略
关系代词指代人用“who”或”that”
The machine— it broke down — has now been repaired.
定语从句/关系从句
The machine which broke down has now been repaired.
关系代词
先行词
注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略
关系代词指代物用“which”或”that”
Barbara works for a company_____________.
The book is about a girl ________________.
What was the name of the horse __________
The police have caught the men __________.
they stole my car
it makes washing machine
it won the race
she runs away from home
which makes washing machine
who runs away from home
that won the race
who stole my car
The woman — I wanted to see her— was away on holiday.
定语从句/关系从句
The woman I wanted to see whom was away on holiday.
关系代词
先行词
The woman whom I wanted to see was away on holiday.
关系代词作宾语代人用“whom， who, that,或省略”。
Have you found the keys— You lost the keys
定语从句/关系从句
Have you found the keys You lost which
关系代词
先行词
Have you found the keys whichYou lost
注：关系代词作宾语代物用“which，that, 或省略”。
Are these the keys_____________.
They party_________________ was no fun.
I like the people_____________
George is somebody__________.
We went to a party last night
You can rely on George
I work with a lot of people
You were looking for some keys
you were looking for
we went to last night
I work with
you can rely on
I went back to the town- I was born in the town.
I went back to the town I was born where/in which.
I went back to the town where/in which I was born.
注：关系副词where作地点状语，Where=介+which “where”不能省略。
I went back to the town （which/that）I was born in.
There were many days- we ate only one meal in those days
定语从句/关系从句
There were many days- we ate only one meal when/in which.
There were many days when/in which we ate only one meal.
注：关系副词when作时间状语， “when”=介+which
在非正式语体中：关系副词when 时常省略，也可用that替换
The reason- I became a teacher for this reason - is that I like kids.
The reason I became a teacher why/for which is that I like kids.
The reason (why/for which) I became a teacher is that I like kids.
注：关系副词why作原因状语，用“why”=for+which
在非正式语体中：关系副词why时常省略,也可用that替换
The way- You answer the questions in this way– was admirable.
The way you answer the questions in which/that was admirable.
The way (in which/that) you answer the questions was admirable
注：关系词作方式状语，用“in which/that ”
在非正式语体中：关系词通常省略
= How you answer the questions was admirable
考点2：考查whose的用法
On the second floor is our classroom whose door
is broken.
whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语， 后跟名词。指物时，whose＋名词＝名词＋of which＝of which＋名词。
= On the second floor is our classroom
the door of_______is broken.
which
= On the second floor is our classroom
of_______the door is broken.
which
We saw some people— their car had broken down.
定语从句/关系从句
We saw some people whose car had broken down.
关系代词
先行词
We saw some people. Their car had broken down
注：关系代词whose作定语，主要代人，也可代物。
不可省略，whose后紧跟其限定的名词
The table whose leg got broken is mine.
The table the leg of which leg got broken is mine.
The table- its leg got broken -is mine.
注：关系代词whose作定语
代物时=N+of which/ of which+N。
The table of which the leg got broken is mine.
考点3：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
【1】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用which / whom / whose
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
Recently I bought an vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
Mr Smith, in whose department she worked,came to see her.
【2】“复合介词短语+关系代词”
这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用都逗号分开，从句常用倒装语序
He lived in a big house, in front of which ________________ (耸立一棵大树).
【3】介词+which / whom+不定式结构
The poor man has no house in which to live.
= The poor man has no house to live in.
= The poor man has no house in which he can live.
a big tall tree
stood
真题体验：(2017 江苏) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
语法填空：He is the boy with I often play basketball.
The teacher in front of house stands
a tall tree is very patient with his students.
whose
whom
whose
同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别
(1)He loves his parents deeply, both of are very kind to him.
(2)He loves his parents deeply and both of are very kind to him.
whom
them
当关系副词when作时间状语，先行项是：
the day/week/year/morning/evening/moment/instance
the first time/the last time, every time等,关系副词通常省略，也可用that替换
Do you still remember the day (that) we first met.
The last time (that) I saw her, she looked very well.
I haven’t seen them since the year (that) they got married.
Every time (that) the phone rings, he gets nervous.
考点4：as的用法
1.相同点：都可指代整个主句的内容。
2.区别:
(1)含义不同。 ____可译为“像… …那样的，正如… …那样的”通常用于一些固定搭配中，而_______通常译为“这一点，这件事”。
(2)从位置上来看：______引导的定语从句可位于主句前、主句中或主句后,而_______引导的定语从句只能位于主句后.从句动词经常是:see, know, mention. imagine,mention, expect, point out 等词.比如as we know/as is well known to us 众所周知,as is said above 如上所说as was expected正如所预料的那样 as is reported 如报道所说；as has been pointed 如所指出的那样；
(3)用于固定搭配，在定语从句中通常做主语或宾语，即可指人又可指物；
such/so ......as......“像------那样的” the same......as......“和------同样的”
（4）结构：被动语态通常跟在as的后面
(5)as后面跟众所周知的事情
②The boy was away from home for a week, _______ worried his parents very much.
③_______ is reported， the number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
as
which
as
which
which
As
as与which引导的定语从句
3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.
As
which
as\that\which
1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.
as
that
归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as, 结构，做题时容易忽略。
as在定语从句中应充当成分：主语、宾语或表语。
as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。
★ as多用于一些习惯用语中：
as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样
as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as has been said before 如上所述
as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的
当主句中出现such 或so 时,看后面从句
(1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用as
(2)不缺主语和宾语,从句前用that
当主句中出现the same时, 后面从句缺主语或宾语时与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配表同一个事物
做题技巧
是否缺主语或宾语:
as 的使用
This is such an interesting book ____
we all like.
This is so interesting a book _____
we all like.
This is such an interesting book that we all like it.
as
as
定语从句
这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。
定语从句
that
as
定语从句
定语从句
This is the same book _____ I lost.
This is the same book _____ I lost.
这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
这本书就是我丢的那本。
考点5：the way为先行词
在正式文体中，通常以in which或 that 引导，
The way in which you answered the questions
was admirable.
但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which
或 that
The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.
I don’t like the way (that) you laugh at her.
1. The way __ you thought of to solve the problem is wonderful.
A which B in which C whom D whose
2. I don’t like ___ you learn English.
A the way B the way in that
C the way which D the way of which
考点6：一些特殊词之后的where
1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东）
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself
---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on . （06江西）
A. why B. where C. how D. /
考点7：定语从句中的主谓一致现象
填空：I, who____ your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
am
1. I, who ___ your husband, should be responsible for you. (be)
2.He is one of the students who ____ been to America.
He is the (only) one of the students who ____ been to America. (have)
3. To own a computer in families, which we thought
____ impossible 20 years ago, now becomes true. (be)
am
have
has
was
考点8：易混句型
1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of
_______ were black with disease.
b. I saw some trees, the leaves of ______
were black with disease.
2). a. The professor is a little man, on the
nose of ______there is a pair of glasses.
b. The professor is a little man, and on the
nose of ______there is a pair of glasses
是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。
them
whom
which
him
__
__
1.定语从句与并列句
简单句+并列连词+简单句”
非限制性定语从句
1). a. The news ________our volleyball team
won the match made us excited.
b. The news __________he told me yesterday
is exciting.
2). a. I made a promise ______ if anyone set me
free, I would make him very rich.
b. The mother made a promise ___________
pleased all her children.
that
(that/which)
that/which
that
２.定语从句与同位语从句
由it引导的句型结构，常可构成强调句或定语从句，两者极易混淆。一般来说，如果将it is/was...与连接词去掉，句子仍然正确，就为强调句型。这时，就选用that连接词;否则，就为定语从句，其关系词的选择，应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。
(1) It is on the island _______ they spent 10 years.
(2) It is the island _______ they spent 10 years.
that
where
３.定语从句与强调句
Where did you get to know her
It was on the farm ______she worked _______ I got to know her.
that
where
强调句
定语从句
答题指导：在定语从句与强调句的结合中，“先行词＋定语从句”多为强调句中的被强调部分。第一空的设置多是对定语从句的考查，第二空多为强调句型。
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感谢倾听
定语从句
做题技巧
考点1：关系代词和关系副词的选用
The woman — she lives next door — is a doctor.
定语从句/关系从句
The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
关系代词
先行词
注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略
关系代词指代人用“who”或”that”
We know a lot of people— they live in London.
定语从句/关系从句
We know a lot of people who live in London.
关系代词
先行词
注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略
关系代词指代人用“who”或”that”
The machine— it broke down — has now been repaired.
定语从句/关系从句
The machine which broke down has now been repaired.
关系代词
先行词
注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略
关系代词指代物用“which”或”that”
Barbara works for a company_____________.
The book is about a girl ________________.
What was the name of the horse __________
The police have caught the men __________.
they stole my car
it makes washing machine
it won the race
she runs away from home
which makes washing machine
who runs away from home
that won the race
who stole my car
The woman — I wanted to see her— was away on holiday.
定语从句/关系从句
The woman I wanted to see whom was away on holiday.
关系代词
先行词
The woman whom I wanted to see was away on holiday.
关系代词作宾语代人用“whom， who, that,或省略”。
Have you found the keys— You lost the keys
定语从句/关系从句
Have you found the keys You lost which
关系代词
先行词
Have you found the keys whichYou lost
注：关系代词作宾语代物用“which，that, 或省略”。
Are these the keys_____________.
They party_________________ was no fun.
I like the people_____________
George is somebody__________.
We went to a party last night
You can rely on George
I work with a lot of people
You were looking for some keys
you were looking for
we went to last night
I work with
you can rely on
I went back to the town- I was born in the town.
I went back to the town I was born where/in which.
I went back to the town where/in which I was born.
注：关系副词where作地点状语，Where=介+which “where”不能省略。
I went back to the town （which/that）I was born in.
There were many days- we ate only one meal in those days
定语从句/关系从句
There were many days- we ate only one meal when/in which.
There were many days when/in which we ate only one meal.
注：关系副词when作时间状语， “when”=介+which
在非正式语体中：关系副词when 时常省略，也可用that替换
The reason- I became a teacher for this reason - is that I like kids.
The reason I became a teacher why/for which is that I like kids.
The reason (why/for which) I became a teacher is that I like kids.
注：关系副词why作原因状语，用“why”=for+which
在非正式语体中：关系副词why时常省略,也可用that替换
The way- You answer the questions in this way– was admirable.
The way you answer the questions in which/that was admirable.
The way (in which/that) you answer the questions was admirable
注：关系词作方式状语，用“in which/that ”
在非正式语体中：关系词通常省略
= How you answer the questions was admirable
考点2：考查whose的用法
On the second floor is our classroom whose door
is broken.
whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语， 后跟名词。指物时，whose＋名词＝名词＋of which＝of which＋名词。
= On the second floor is our classroom
the door of_______is broken.
which
= On the second floor is our classroom
of_______the door is broken.
which
We saw some people— their car had broken down.
定语从句/关系从句
We saw some people whose car had broken down.
关系代词
先行词
We saw some people. Their car had broken down
注：关系代词whose作定语，主要代人，也可代物。
不可省略，whose后紧跟其限定的名词
The table whose leg got broken is mine.
The table the leg of which leg got broken is mine.
The table- its leg got broken -is mine.
注：关系代词whose作定语
代物时=N+of which/ of which+N。
The table of which the leg got broken is mine.
考点3：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
【1】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用which / whom / whose
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
Recently I bought an vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
Mr Smith, in whose department she worked,came to see her.
【2】“复合介词短语+关系代词”
这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用都逗号分开，从句常用倒装语序
He lived in a big house, in front of which ________________ (耸立一棵大树).
【3】介词+which / whom+不定式结构
The poor man has no house in which to live.
= The poor man has no house to live in.
= The poor man has no house in which he can live.
a big tall tree
stood
真题体验：(2017 江苏) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
语法填空：He is the boy with I often play basketball.
The teacher in front of house stands
a tall tree is very patient with his students.
whose
whom
whose
同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别
(1)He loves his parents deeply, both of are very kind to him.
(2)He loves his parents deeply and both of are very kind to him.
whom
them
当关系副词when作时间状语，先行项是：
the day/week/year/morning/evening/moment/instance
the first time/the last time, every time等,关系副词通常省略，也可用that替换
Do you still remember the day (that) we first met.
The last time (that) I saw her, she looked very well.
I haven’t seen them since the year (that) they got married.
Every time (that) the phone rings, he gets nervous.
考点4：as的用法
1.相同点：都可指代整个主句的内容。
2.区别:
(1)含义不同。 ____可译为“像… …那样的，正如… …那样的”通常用于一些固定搭配中，而_______通常译为“这一点，这件事”。
(2)从位置上来看：______引导的定语从句可位于主句前、主句中或主句后,而_______引导的定语从句只能位于主句后.从句动词经常是:see, know, mention. imagine,mention, expect, point out 等词.比如as we know/as is well known to us 众所周知,as is said above 如上所说as was expected正如所预料的那样 as is reported 如报道所说；as has been pointed 如所指出的那样；
(3)用于固定搭配，在定语从句中通常做主语或宾语，即可指人又可指物；
such/so ......as......“像------那样的” the same......as......“和------同样的”
（4）结构：被动语态通常跟在as的后面
(5)as后面跟众所周知的事情
②The boy was away from home for a week, _______ worried his parents very much.
③_______ is reported， the number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
as
which
as
which
which
As
as与which引导的定语从句
3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.
As
which
as\that\which
1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.
as
that
归纳：as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as, 结构，做题时容易忽略。
as在定语从句中应充当成分：主语、宾语或表语。
as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as, 意为“正如、恰如”。
★ as多用于一些习惯用语中：
as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样
as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知
as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样
as often happens 正如经常发生的那样
as has been said before 如上所述
as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的
当主句中出现such 或so 时,看后面从句
(1)缺主语或宾语,从句前用as
(2)不缺主语和宾语,从句前用that
当主句中出现the same时, 后面从句缺主语或宾语时与as搭配表同一类事物,与that搭配表同一个事物
做题技巧
是否缺主语或宾语:
as 的使用
This is such an interesting book ____
we all like.
This is so interesting a book _____
we all like.
This is such an interesting book that we all like it.
as
as
定语从句
这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。
定语从句
that
as
定语从句
定语从句
This is the same book _____ I lost.
This is the same book _____ I lost.
这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
这本书就是我丢的那本。
考点5：the way为先行词
在正式文体中，通常以in which或 that 引导，
The way in which you answered the questions
was admirable.
但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which
或 that
The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.
I don’t like the way (that) you laugh at her.
1. The way __ you thought of to solve the problem is wonderful.
A which B in which C whom D whose
2. I don’t like ___ you learn English.
A the way B the way in that
C the way which D the way of which
考点6：一些特殊词之后的where
1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东）
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself
---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on . （06江西）
A. why B. where C. how D. /
考点7：定语从句中的主谓一致现象
填空：I, who____ your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
am
1. I, who ___ your husband, should be responsible for you. (be)
2.He is one of the students who ____ been to America.
He is the (only) one of the students who ____ been to America. (have)
3. To own a computer in families, which we thought
____ impossible 20 years ago, now becomes true. (be)
am
have
has
was
考点8：易混句型
1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of
_______ were black with disease.
b. I saw some trees, the leaves of ______
were black with disease.
2). a. The professor is a little man, on the
nose of ______there is a pair of glasses.
b. The professor is a little man, and on the
nose of ______there is a pair of glasses
是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。
them
whom
which
him
__
__
1.定语从句与并列句
简单句+并列连词+简单句”
非限制性定语从句
1). a. The news ________our volleyball team
won the match made us excited.
b. The news __________he told me yesterday
is exciting.
2). a. I made a promise ______ if anyone set me
free, I would make him very rich.
b. The mother made a promise ___________
pleased all her children.
that
(that/which)
that/which
that
２.定语从句与同位语从句
由it引导的句型结构，常可构成强调句或定语从句，两者极易混淆。一般来说，如果将it is/was...与连接词去掉，句子仍然正确，就为强调句型。这时，就选用that连接词;否则，就为定语从句，其关系词的选择，应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。
(1) It is on the island _______ they spent 10 years.
(2) It is the island _______ they spent 10 years.
that
where
３.定语从句与强调句
Where did you get to know her
It was on the farm ______she worked _______ I got to know her.
that
where
强调句
定语从句
答题指导：在定语从句与强调句的结合中，“先行词＋定语从句”多为强调句中的被强调部分。第一空的设置多是对定语从句的考查，第二空多为强调句型。
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