【语法强练专讲】2015届中考语法知识名师手册： 第9讲　动词的时态和语态

课件54张PPT。第 9 讲动词的时态和语态一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. I think high school students should__________ (give)pocket money.be givengoes2.The earth ________ (go) around the sun.3.Black tea____________(invent) in China more than600 years ago.was inventedwill be4.There ________ (be) more than 50 schools in our city nextyear.isn't allowedhave had5.Parking ____________ (not allow) here.
6.I __________ (have) this bike for more than two years.
二、单句改错
not allow→is not allowed 1.I buy a new shirt yesterday.______________
2.When we reach there, they work for a long time.
________________________
3 . The child not allow to play computer games before
finishing homework._______________________4.Jane go to school by bus.___________go→goes5.The meeting holds next week._____________________
buy→bought
work→have worked
holds→will be held动词的时态常考的各种时态的用法及构成续表 注意：come, go, leave, arrive 等表示位置移动的动词
可用现在进行时表示即将发生的或计划好的事情。如：I'm leaving tomorrow.我明天动身。 动词的第三人称单数
1．一般情况直接加-s。如：stop—stopslook—looks read—reads2．以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的动词加-es。如：watch—watchesmiss—misses
wash—washesfix—fixes
do—does3．以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 再加-es。如：
hurry—hurries cry—cries carry—carries
4．be 动词的三种形式：am, is, are
5．特殊：have—has 动词的过去式和过去分词
1．规则动词：
(1)一般情况直接加-ed。如：rain—rained clean—cleanedwatch—watched(2)以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，只加-d。如：live—livedlike—liked move—moved (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字
母，再加-ed。如：
drop—dropped stop—stopped plan—planned
(4)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，应变 y 为 i 再加-ed。 如：
carry—carried study—studied cry—cried
2．不规则动词：不规则动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律
性不强，只能分别记忆。 动词的现在分词
1．一般情况在词尾加-ing。如：listen—listening do—doingstudy—studying 2．以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，去 e 加-ing。如：
have—having make—making
3．以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字
母，再加-ing。如：run—runningget—gettingbegin—beginning4．以字母 ie 结尾的动词，变 ie 为 y 再加-ing。如：die—dyinglie—lying 现在完成时中的一些重要用法
1．短暂性动词和延续性动词 短暂性动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在，
但不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，也不能用于 how long
引导的特殊疑问句中。如需使用，此时要将短暂性动词转换为
延续性动词。如：borrow—keep
buy—havedie—be deadjoin—be a member of/be inbegin/start—be on
finish/end—be overcome/go/arrive—be in/at
leave—be away (from)
become—beopen—be openclose—be closed
sleep—be asleepmarry—be married
return—be back
get up—be up2．have/has gone to, have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的区别(1)have/has gone to 强调“在去某地的路上或在某地”，人还未回来。如：Has he gone to Qingdao？他去青岛了吗？(2)have/has been to 强调“去过某地”，人已经回来了。如：Have you been to our town before?
你以前曾经去过我们镇吗？(3)have/has been in 强调“一直待在某地”，常与一段时间连用。如：He has been in Guangzhou since 1989.他自从 1989 年就待在广州了。3．现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 (1)现在完成时强调过去动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与
现在有关；一般过去时仅强调在过去某一时刻曾经发生的动作，
与现在无关。如：He has studied English for five years.他学英语五年了。(说明他现在还在学)He studied English for five years.他曾学过五年英语。(只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在学不学就不知道了)(2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。被动语态 动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主
语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承
受者。中考考纲只要求考生掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一
般将来时及含有情态动词的被动语态。被动语态的构成1．一般现在时的被动语态肯定句：主语＋am/is/are＋过去分词＋其他否定句：主语＋am/is/are＋not＋过去分词＋其他
一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？2．一般过去时的被动语态肯定句：主语＋was/were＋过去分词＋其他否定句：主语＋was/were＋not＋过去分词＋其他
一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
3．一般将来时的被动语态肯定句：主语＋will/shall＋be＋过去分词＋其他
否定句：主语＋will/shall＋not＋be＋过去分词＋其他
一般疑问句：Will/Shall＋主语＋be＋过去分词＋其他？
4．一般现在时中含情态动词的被动语态肯定句：主语＋情态动词＋be＋过去分词＋其他
否定句：主语＋情态动词＋not＋be＋过去分词＋其他
一般疑问句：情态动词＋主语＋be＋过去分词＋其他？被动语态的用法1．当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。如：He was seen to go to the church.
他被看到去了教堂。This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥于 1981 年竣工。 2．需强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态。此时动作
的执行者由 by 引导且置于谓语动词之后，也可省略。如：She is liked by everyone.她被每个人所喜爱。The novel was translated, read and filmed by people.
这部小说被人们翻译、阅读并拍成电影。3.当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。The window was blown open by wind.
窗户被风吹开了。4．表示客观的说明常用“It is＋过去分词＋that 从句”句型。这类句型有：It is said that...据说……It is known to all that...众所周知……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is believed that...大家相信……5．为了使句子简练，上下文紧凑、连贯，常使用被动语态。如：Apples are good for health and are liked by almost everyone.苹果对健康有益，几乎所有人都喜欢。When he was five, he was taught how to swim.
五岁的时候，他就被教会如何游泳。6．文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。如：
Teachers Wanted.招聘老师。(省略 are)
Road Blocked.道路堵塞。(省略 is)注意：不及物动词( 短语 )happen/take place, appear,disappear, come true, come out 等无被动语态。主动语态表示被动意义1 ．系动词 look, sound, smell, taste, seem, turn, get, become等的主动结构表示被动意义(系动词无被动式)。如：The idea sounds great.这主意听起来不错。The flowers look beautiful.这些花看起来很漂亮。2．动词不定式作定语时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：I have a lot of homework to do every day.
我每天都有很多作业要做。She has a letter to write.她有一封信要写。3．need doing (＝need to be done)用主动形式表示被动意义。如：This shirt needs washing.＝This shirt needs to be washed.
这衬衫需要清洗了。()1.(2013 年广东)Hot water________ in the students'flats from 5 p.m.to 7 p.m.now. A.supplies
C.suppliedB.is supplied
D.was supplied B water 与 supply 之间是动宾关系，故排除 A、C 两项；
且由 now 可知描述的是一般情况，故选 B。()2.(2014 年广东)Our English teacher is very nice.We________ friends since three years ago.A．were
C．have beenB．became
D．have made C 由 since (自从)可以判断该句用现在完成时。become,
make 是短暂性动词，不能和表示延续的时间连用；单独的 be
动词不能表达动词的连续性。故选 C。()3.(2014 年广东)Jenny ________ in the kitchen whenyou called her at 5 o'clock this afternoon.
A．is cooking
B．was cooking
C．cooks
D．Cooked
B 题意：当你今天下午 5 点打电话给 Jenny 时，她正在厨
房里做饭。表示过去某一时间点正在进行的动作用过去进行时。()4.(2012 年广东广州)—I've got the final Harry Potterbook.
—You will love it.I ________ it twice already.
A.am reading
B.have read
C.was reading
D.will read
B 题意：“我买到最后一部《哈里·波特》了。”“你会
喜欢的，我已经看了两遍了。”根据 already 可知应用现在完成
时。()5.(2012 年广东佛山)The cleaners ________ the streetand it is quite clean now.
A．are sweeping
B．will sweep
C．have sweptC题意：清洁工人已经扫过这条街，现在它很干净。根据题意，动作应发生在过去且对现在造成了某种影响，故应用
现在完成时。()6.(2013 年广东佛山)Yang Liwei, a famous astronaut________ to Foshan in March, 2012.A．comesB．cameC．was comingB 根据时间状语可知动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。()7.(2014 年广东佛山)Air must ________ fresh all thetime.It's good for our health.A．keepB．is keptC．be keptCmust 必须，是情态动词，故后面跟动词原形；空气是“被保持干净”，故选 C。()8.(2014 年广东河源)—Heyuan develops so fast. —That's true.Great changes ________ in Heyuan in the last
few years.
A．have been taken place
B．took place
C．take place
D．have taken place
D in the last few years 在过去的几年里，是现在完成时的
标志词；take place 发生，无被动语态。故选 D。()9.(2013 年广东河源)In the old days, they ________ inthe factory from morning to night.
A．were made to work
B．asked to work
C．made to work
D．were asked for work
A 题意：在过去，他们被迫从早到晚在工厂工作。他们
是“被迫”，故用被动语态；ask for 要求，请求。故选 A。()10.(2013 年广东梅州)—Where is your father? —He ________ Australia and he ________ Sydney for two
weeks.A．has been to; has been in
C．has been in; has been toB．has gone to; has been in
D．has gone to; has been to B 题意：“你的父亲在哪里？”“他去了澳大利亚，并
且已经在悉尼待了两周了。”have been to 表示过去曾经去过某
地，说话时已经从该地回来了；have gone to 表示在去某地的路
上或在某地，说话时还未回来；have been in 表示已在某地待了
多久。故选 B。()11.(2014 年广东茂名)This is No.9 Middle School.Itsdoor ________every day after school.
A．was closed
B．is closed
C．closeB题意：这是第 9 中学，每天下午放学后它的门都是关着的。be closed 关着的，表示状态；因为是每天都发生，故应
该用一般现在时。选 B。()12.(2014 年广东茂名)—Have you seen Mike?—He ________ football on the sports field.
A．plays
B．is playing
C．will playB题意：“你看见麦克了吗？”“他正在运动场踢足球。”表示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时。()13.(2014年广东深圳)—It's said a pianist will performat Poly Theater on Friday evening.Is it Lang Lang?
—Yes, it ________ him.He ________ for a week.A．must be; has arrived here
C．must be; has been hereB．maybe; has been here
D．maybe; has arrived here C 题意：“据说一个钢琴家周五晚上将要在保利剧院表
演。是郎朗吗？”“是的，一定是他。他已经到这儿一个星期
了。”根据题意可知是表示有把握的肯定推测，故应用 must be；
又 arrive 为短暂性动词，与一段时间连用时应改为 has been。故
选 C。()14.(2012 年广东深圳)—What will you do ________the summer holiday?
—I think I shall watch London Olympic
Games.It will ________ in August.A．during; be held
C．during; holdB．at; hold
D．at; be holdA表示“在一段时间内”用 during ；奥运会是“被举行”，应用被动语态。故选 A。()15.(2012 年广东湛江)—________ you ________ yourhomework?
—Not yet.A．Do; finish
C．Did; finishB．Have; finished
D．Are; finishedB 答语中有 yet，是完成时的标志词，故选 B。()16.(2012 年广东肇庆)—Have all the students knownthat our class will visit Mountain Tai this afternoon?
—Yes.Every student ________ about it.A. toldB．was toldC．has told学生们得知这个消息是因为“被告知”，故应用被动 B
语态。()17.(2011 年广东)—Alan, it's late.Why not go to bed? —Jenny hasn't come back yet.I ________ for her.
A. waited
B．have waited
C．am waiting
D．was waiting
C 由题意可知是“正在等她”，且由“it's late”可知表示现
在，故用现在进行时。()18.(2011 年广东)People who drink wine ________ todrive after May Day.
A. don't allow
B．isn't allowed
C．mustn't allow
D．mustn't be allowed
D 题意：五一节之后喝了酒的人不(被)允许开车。由题意
可知应用被动语态，B 项主谓不一致，故选 D。()19.(2013 年广东)Our math teacher ________ in ourschool for 20 years and he ________ here when he was 23 years
old.A.has taught; has come
C.taught; cameB.taught; comes
D.has taught; came D 题意：我们数学老师在我们学校教书 20 年了，当他 23
岁的时候他就来到了这里。由 for 20 years 可知，动作从 20 年
前持续到现在，故第一空要用现在完成时；由时间状语从句
“when he was 23 years old”可知，动作发生在 23 岁时，故第二
空要用一般过去时。()20.(2014 年广东广州)Yesterday evening, I ________along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher.
A.walk
B.walked
C.was walking
D.am walkingC题意：昨天晚上我正沿着街道散步，突然遇到我的数学老师。“散步”这个动作是遇到老师时正在进行的，故用过
去进行时。()21.(2014 年广东佛山)The Chinese Culture Day________ in New York City on April 20th, 2011.
A.celebrated
B.is celebrated
C.was celebratedC“on April 20th, 2011” 表示的是过去时间，celebrate 与the Chinese Culture Day 是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语
态。()22.(2014 年广东佛山)Most of the sandstorms in ourcountry ________ in spring, from March to May.A.happenB.HappensC.is happeningA由时间状语“in spring, from March to May”可知时态是一般现在时，且主语为复数，故选 A。()23.(2013年广东佛山)The Guangzhou Tower ________thousands of tourists since it was open to the public.A.attractsB.AttractedC.has attractedC由时间状语“since it was open to the public”可知应用现在完成时。()24.(2013 年广东深圳)—When should I hand in mypaper?
—Your paper must ________ as soon as the bell ________.
A.hand in; rings
B.hand in; will ring
C.be handed in; will ring
D.be handed in; rings
D hand in 与 paper 之间是动宾关系，故第一空用被动语
态；as soon as 引导的时间状语从句中，从句用一般现在时表示
将来。故选 D。()25.(2014 年广东梅州)The boss made him work 14hours a day.That means, he ________ work 14 hours a day. A. was made
C．was making B．made
D．was made toD由前一句可知“他被迫每天工作 14 个小时”，且前一句的谓语动词 made 是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动
语态。make sb.do sth.的被动语态要加上省略的 to，即 be made to
do sth.。故选 D。( )26.(2014 年广东肇庆)—Your classroom is very clean.
—Yes, it ________ every day.
A.is cleaned
B.cleans
C.is cleaningA由时间状语 every day 可知要用一般现在时，且 it(即your classroom)是 clean 这一动作的承受者，故用一般现在时的
被动语态，选 A。()27.(2014 年广东肇庆)You are too late.The film________ since half an hour ago.
A.has begun
B.has been on
C.began
B 由时间状语 since half an hour ago 可知用现在完成时，
且 begin 为短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，故用 be on。选
B。()28.(2013 年广东清远)Echo ________ for half amonth.She'll come back in two months.
A.left
B.leave
C.has left
D.has been awayD时间状语 for half a month 为一段时间，故谓语动词要用延续性动词；且由后一句“她将两个月后回来”说明已经离
开，应用现在完成时态。故选 D。()29.(2013 年广东)Robert with his two kids ________ tothe beach for vacation every year.
A.go
B.goes
C.went
D.are going
B 由时间状语 every year 可知用一般现在时；主语中带有
with 短语时，谓语动词应与 with 短语前面的主语保持一致。故
选 B。( )30.(2014 年广东)—Do you know her well?
—Sure.We ________ friends since ten years ago. A.were
C.have beenB.have made
D.have becomeC根据后面的 since ten years ago 可知用现在完成时，且make 和 become 均为短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，故用
have been。()31.(2013 年广东)The 16th Asian Games ________ inGuangzhou in November, 2010.
A.holds
B.will hold
C.was held
D.will be held
D 由时间状语“in November, 2010”可知要用将来时态，且
Asian Games 是 hold 这一动作的承受者，故用一般将来时的被
动语态。)32.(2013 年广东深圳)—Have you ever ________ (
Australia?—Yes,I have.It'sreally interesting ________withkangaroos.A. been to; to play
C．been to; playB．gone to; played
D．gone to; playingA题意：“你曾经去过澳大利亚吗？”“是的。跟袋鼠一起玩真的很有趣。”由题意可知表示“去过某地”，现在已
经回来了，故用 have been to；固定句型 it is＋adj.＋to do sth.意
为“做某事怎么样”。()33.(2013 年广东梅州)—May I speak to John? —Sorry, he ________ Japan.But he ________ in two days.
A.has been to; will come back
B.has gone to; will be back
C.has been in; would come back
D.has gone to; won't come back
B 由答语可知“去日本了还没回来”，故第一空要用 has
gone to；由时间状语 in two days 及题意可知第二空要用一般将
来时的肯定式。故选 B。()34.(2014 年广东肇庆)According to the library rules,books ________ for two weeks at most.A.can be borrowedB.can keepC.can be kept C borrow 是短暂性动词，不能与 for two weeks 连用，故
要用延续性动词 keep; keep 与 books 是动宾关系，故用被动语
态。选 C。( )35.(2013年广东广州)—Excuse me, what's this for?
—It's a cleaner and it ________ to pick up dirt. A.uses
C.is using B.is used
D.UsedB use 与 it (指 cleaner)之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。()36.(2013 年广东湛江)—I heard that Mr.Brown diedlast year.
—Yes, he has ________ for a year, but we still miss him.
A.been dead
B.death
C.died
D.dying
A 由 for a year 可知要用延续性动词，故用 been dead; death
为名词，dying 为现在分词，均不符合。()37.(2014 年广东佛山)I ________ my work today.Let'sgo for a coffee.A.finishB.will finishC.have finishedC由后一句“我们去喝杯咖啡吧”可知“我已经完成了工作”，故用现在完成时。()38.(2014 年广东佛山)Experts ________ to makesuggestions to help the city develop.A.will inviteB.are invitedC.have invitedB invite 与 experts 之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。