中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
动词的时态和语态
Part1 中考考点
【定义】
动词的时态指的是谓语动词用来表示动作或情况发生时的各种动词形式。英语中一共有16种时态,但在初中阶段常考的时态有以下9种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、过去将来时。考查重点集中在一般现在时在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的用法、终止性动词在现在完成时中不能与for,since短语或从句连用、have been to与have gone to的用法以及在具体语境中动词的用法等。
动词的语态是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式。英语中的动词语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示的主语是动作的执行者或发出者,被动语态表示的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是中考中的必考内容之一,其中考查的重点是一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。
【知识归纳】
动词的时态
分类 谓语形式 用法
一般现在时 1.动词原形2.主语是单数第三人称,谓语+-s/-es 1.表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态。2.描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。3.在时间、条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。
一般过去时 动词的过去式 1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。2.表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。3.用于虚拟语气中,表示与现在事实相反的情况。
一般将来时 1.will/shall+动词原形2.be going to+动词原形 1.be going to和will表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。主语一般是人。2.be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。主语可以是人也可以是物。3.在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中,主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时来代替将来时。4.一些表示位移的动词,如go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move等,常用现在进行时表将来。
现在进行时 am/is/are+动词的现在分词 1.表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作。2.与always, usually等词连用,表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪。
过去进行时 was/were+动词的现在分词 表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
现在完成时 have/has+动词的过去分词 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。2.表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常与“for+时间段”或“since+表示过去的时间点或时间段”连用。
注意:1.现在完成时和一般过去时都可表示过去发生的动作,但现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果或表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,强调的是现在的情况;而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去,不和现在发生关系。2.终止性动词在现在完成时中不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用。
过去完成时 had+动词的过去分词 1.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作以前发生或完成的动作,它所表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。2.表示从过去某一时间开始并持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。
过去将来时 1.would+动词原形2.was/were going to+动词原形,常用于宾语从句中 表示在过去看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
【特例清单】
现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与for, since等引导的时间状语连用。如与一段时间连用,要把瞬间动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。常见的变化有:
非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy have
borrow keep
open be open
close be closed
begin/start be on
come be here
go be there
finish be over
die be dead
catch a cold have a cold
put on wear
get up be up
wake up awake
fall asleep be asleep
lose not have
join be in
leave be away
arrive/reach be
被动语态的句型
句型 构成 例句
肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。
否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。
一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...) —Was Tom asked to come early 汤姆被要求早点来吗 —Yes, he was. 是的,他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不,他没有。
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...) Why was this bridge destroyed by the government 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥
被动语态的构成
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。
一般过去时 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。
一般将来时 主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他 Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。When will the work be finished 这项工作什么时候完成?
现在进行时 主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他 A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理,所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。
过去进行时 主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他 The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建,我不清楚建好了没有。The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时,道路正在加宽。
现在完成时 主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他 He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗?
过去完成时 主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时,一座新旅馆已经建好了。
情态动词 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热,水会变成蒸气。
几种特殊的被动语态的用法
种类 构成 例句
主动语态中省去to的动词 变为被动语态时,省去的to要加上。 The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
含双宾语的动词 把指人的宾语变为主语时,指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后;指物的宾语变为主语时,指人的宾语前要加相应的介词。 I was given a present.A present was given to me.
含短语的动词 短语是“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”时,变被动语态时,介词、副词不能丢。 The young man was sent away from school.
Part2 中考真题精选
2022中考真题
1.(2022·辽宁盘锦·中考真题)The little boy won’t go to sleep unless his mom _________ him a story.
A.tells B.told C.is telling D.will tell
【答案】A
【解析】句意:小男孩不会去睡觉,除非他妈妈给他讲故事。考查条件状语从句的主将从现。分析句子结构,unless引导条件状语从句,主句中的“won’t”说明主句用一般将来时,根据“主将从现”原则,从句应用一般现在时来表示将来的动作。从句主语his mother为第三人称单数,因此动词tell也应用动词的第三人称单数形式tells。故选A。
2.(2022·辽宁营口·中考真题)David is very productive and ________ five books in the past ten years.
A.writes B.wrote
C.has written D.is writing
【答案】C
【解析】句意:大卫工作效率很高,在过去十年中已经写了五本书。考查现在完成时。根据句中时间状语“in the past ten years”可知“在过去的十年中”,由此可知,此句时态为现在完成时,其结构为:have/has done。故选C。
3.(2022·江苏镇江·中考真题)—You look tired!
—My husband _______ football matches all night. That was too noisy!
A.watches B.has watched C.was watching D.will watch
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你看起来很累!——我丈夫整晚都在看足球比赛。太吵了!考查过去进行时。根据“My husband...football matches all night.”可知,强调整晚都在看,用过去进行时,故选C。
4.(2022·江苏常州·中考真题)—Why didn’t you open the door for me, Jim
—I ________ clothes in the bathroom. I didn’t hear the knock.
A.am washing B.have washed C.was washing D.washed
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你为什么不给我开门,吉姆?——我在浴室洗衣服。我没有听到敲门声。考查时态。根据“Why didn’t you open the door for me, Jim ”和“I...clothes in the bathroom.”可知,强调在过去的时间点正在发生的动作,用过去进行时,故选C。
5.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)WangYaping, the female(女性的)Chinese space walker, ________ her first space walk in November, 2021.
A.has begun B.begins C.began
【答案】C
【解析】句意:中国女太空行走者王亚平于2021年11月开始了她的首次太空行走。考查动词时态。根据“ in November, 2021.”可知动作发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故选C。
6.(2022·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Nanjing Road is very crowded these days.
—The workers ________ it. It is said that it ________ soon.
A.repair;finishes B.have repaired;will finish C.are repairing;will be finished
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——南京路这几天很拥挤。——工人们正在修路。据说很快就完工了。考查动词时态。根据“Nanjing Road is very crowded these days”可知,工人这些天正在修理,用现在进行时表示某一阶段正在进行的动作。根据“soon”可知,第二空应填一般将来时,主语it与动词finish之间是被动关系,故第二空用一般将来时被动语态,故选C。
7.(2022·广西柳州·中考真题)—I ________ in London for many years.
—You have never regretted moving back to China, have you
A.lived B.was living C.have lived
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——我在伦敦住了很多年。——你从来没有后悔搬回中国,是吗?考查动词时态。分析句子可知,句子的时间状语“for many years”和现在完成时连用,结构为:have/has+动词过去分词。故选C。
8.(2022·广西·中考真题)I don’t know if it _________ tomorrow, but if it _________, I’ll stay at home.
A.will rain; rains B.will rain; will rain C.rains; will rain D.rains; rains
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我不知道明天会不会下雨,但如果下雨,我会待在家里。考查if条件句和宾语从句。前半个句子中包含一个由if引导的宾语从句,根据时间标志词“tomorrow”可知,要用一般将来时,所以可以先排除选项CD;后半句子包含由if引导的条件状语从句,此时根据“主将从现”的原则,从句要用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,动词需要加s。故选A。
9.(2022·湖南郴州·中考真题)— Is your father at home, Jill
— No. He ________ his car outside.
A.was washing B.will wash C.is washing
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你父亲在家吗,吉尔?——不。他正在外面洗车。考查动词时态。根据“Is your father at home, Jill ”可知此处是回答父亲正在做的事情,应用现在进行时,故选C。
10.(2022·湖南郴州·中考真题)— The song Together for a Shared Future is very popular now.
— That’s for sure! Both the young and the old ________ it.
A.likes B.like C.liked
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——《一起向未来》这首歌现在很受欢迎。——这是肯定的!年轻人和老年人都喜欢它。考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“now”结合语境可知句子是一般现在时; 根据“Both the young and the old”可知主语是复数,动词应用原形,故选B。
11.(2022·广西贵港·中考真题)—There ________ a talk by Zhong Nanshan in our school tomorrow afternoon.
—Great! We can’t wait!
A.is B.was C.will be D.will have
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——明天下午我们学校将有一场钟南山的演讲。——太棒了!我们等不及了!考查There be句型和时态。根据“There …a talk by Zhong Nanshan in our school tomorrow afternoon.”可知,本句为一般将来时,且为There be句型,使用There will be“将有”,故选C。
12.(2022·北京·中考真题)The workers _________ the community center now.
A.cleaned B.were cleaning C.will clean D.are cleaning
【答案】D
【解析】句意:工人们现在正在打扫社区中心。考查现在进行时。根据“now”可知句子要用现在进行时,其结构是“be(am/is/are) doing”。故选D。
13.(2022·北京·中考真题)Jim _________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school.
A.learns B.learned C.will learn D.has learned
【答案】D
【解析】句意:Jim自从开始在我们学校学习之后学到了很多关于中国文化的东西。考查现在完成时。根据“since自从”可知主句要用现在完成时,其结构是“have/has done”,故选D。
14.(2022·北京·中考真题)Don’t lose heart. If you keep working hard, you _________ some day.
A.will succeed B.succeed C.succeeded D.have succeeded
【答案】A
【解析】句意:不要灰心。如果你继续努力,将来某一天你会成功的。考查if引导的条件状语从句。if表示“如果”时遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时;空格处于主句位置,故用一般将来时。故选A。
15.(2022·北京·中考真题)I ________ about my sister when my phone rang. It was her!
A.think B.will think C.was thinking D.am thinking
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我正在想我妹妹的时候,电话响了。正是她!考查过去进行时。根据“I...about my sister when my phone rang.”可知,电话响的时候,正在想她,强调在过去的某个时间点正在发生的动作,用过去进行时,故选C。
16.(2022·江苏徐州·中考真题)—Daniel has gone to Beijing on business.
—Oh, I didn’t know. When ________
A.has he left B.was he leaving C.did he leave D.will he leave
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——Daniel去北京出差了。——哦,我不知道。他什么时候离开的?考查动词时态。根据“Daniel has gone to Beijing on business.”可知,“离开”的动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,疑问句借助于助动词did,故选C。
17.(2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题)Christine ________ the family’s Sunday lunch since she was 12 years old.
A.cooks B.cooked C.will cook D.has cooked
【答案】D
【解析】句意:克莉丝汀从12岁起就为家人做周日午餐。考查时态。根据“since she was 12 years old.”可知,主句要用现在完成时,结构是“have/has+过去分词”,故选D。
18.(2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题)—Mike, why are you standing outdoors
—I ______ my keys. I have to wait here until my mother comes back.
A.have lost B.will lose C.had lost D.lose
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——Mike,你为什么站在门外?——我弄丢了钥匙。我得在这里等我妈妈回来。 考查动词时态。根据句意可知,弄丢了钥匙对现在造成的影响是站在门外等妈妈回来,用现在完成时have done的结构表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,故选A。
19.(2022·湖北鄂州·中考真题)—Would you like to see the movie Changjin Lake this evening
—Oh, it’s a good movie. But I _________ it already.
A.saw B.have seen C.see D.will see
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——今晚你想看电影《长津湖》吗?——哦,那是一部好电影。但是我已经看过了。考查时态。根据“already”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响,使用现在完成时have/has done。故选B。
20.(2022·河北·中考真题)Sorry, I ________ a mistake. Let me correct it.
A.will make B.am making C.was making D.have made
【答案】D
【解析】句意:对不起,我弄错了。我来纠正一下。考查现在完成时。根据“Sorry, I...a mistake. Let me correct it.”可知,因为已经犯了错误,所以现在要去纠正,故选D。
21.(2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题)—You look pretty busy. What’s up
—We ________ for an office party this Friday evening. There will be about thirty people, and I am the organizer.
A.prepare B.have prepared C.are preparing D.were preparing
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你看起来非常忙碌。怎么了?——我们正在准备这个星期五晚上的办公室聚会。大约有三十个人参加,我是组织者。考查动词的时态。根据“You look pretty busy”可知,句子表达正在忙碌的事情,用现在进行时,表达“准备”,动词用“are preparing”。故选C。
22.(2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)Holly prefers playing the piano to ________ the violin. Listen! She ________ the piano in her room.
A.play; is playing B.playing; plays C.playing; is playing
【答案】C
【解析】句意:霍莉喜欢弹钢琴而不喜欢拉小提琴。听!她正在房间里弹钢琴。考查非谓语及时态。prefer doing to doing“宁愿做……也不愿做……”,是固定短语,第一空用动名词形式;结合“Listen!”可知,第二空用现在进行时结构,故选C。
23.(2022·江苏泰州·中考真题)COVID-19(新冠肺炎) ________ the world, and many people’s life changes a lot.
A.influenced B.is influencing C.is influenced D.was influenced
【答案】B
【解析】句意:新冠肺炎正在影响世界,许多人的生活发生了很大变化。考查现在进行时。 新冠肺炎影响世界是正在发生的,用现在进行时,故选B。
24.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)—I don’t know when Susan ________.
—Don’t worry. When she ________, I will tell you.
A.comes; will come B.will come; comes C.come; comes
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我不知道苏珊什么时候来。——不用担心。她来的时候,我会告诉你的。考查复合从句。空一是宾语从句,表示“不知道Susan什么时候来”,用一般将来时;空二是when引导的时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,空处需用一般现在时。故选B。
25.(2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题)—Why is Kate absent from class
—Oh, she ________ the meeting.
A.was attending B.attended C.is attending D.attends
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——凯特为什么没来上课?——哦,她正在参加会议。考查动词时态。根据“Why is Kate absent from class ”可知,凯特没上课是因为此时她正在参加一个会议,应用现在进行时,结构:be doing。故选C。
26.(2022·吉林·中考真题)—Helen, why didn’t you come to the party yesterday
—Oh, I ________ for the speech competition.
A.prepares B.prepared C.will prepare
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——Helen,你昨天为什么没有来参加派对?——哦,我在准备演讲比赛。考查动词时态。根据问句“didn’t”可知,答语用一般过去时,动词用过去式,故选B。
27.(2022·广西·中考真题)— What were you doing when I called you last night
— I ________ football with my father.
A.play B.was playing C.will play
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——昨晚我打电话给你的时候你在干什么?——我正在跟我爸爸踢足球。考查动词时态。根据“What were you doing when I called you last night”可知,答语用过去进行时“was/were doing“的结构表示“过去某个时刻正在发生的事情”,故选B。
28.(2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题)—Mike is from America but speaks perfect Chinese.
—So he does. He has learned Chinese by himself since he ________ college.
A.is attending B.has attended C.attended
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——迈克来自美国,但能说一口流利的中文。 ——是的。自从上大学以来,他就自学中文。 考查一般过去时。since后用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时。故选C。
29.(2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题)The public places, such as restaurants and cinemas, ________ since COVID-19 swept the city again last month.
A.have been closed B.have closed C.closed
【答案】A
【解析】句意:自上月新冠肺炎疫情再次席卷该市以来,餐馆和电影院等公共场所一直关闭。考查动词时态以及延续性动词。since+一般过去时的从句,主句用现在完成时have/has done的结构,且动词要用延续性动词,close对应的延续性动词是be closed,故选A。
30.(2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)While Sally ________ the housework, her mother came back from work.
A.are doing B.was doing C.did
【答案】B
【解析】句意:萨莉在做家务时,她妈妈下班回来了。考查时态。结合“came”可知,句子应用过去的时态,排除A选项;结合“while”可知,从句表达的动作是延续性的,应用过去进行时,故选B。
31.(2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题)—Where’s Mr. Yang
—He ________ Longquan Mountain in Danzhai. He ________ there three times because he enjoys the local scenery.
A.has gone to; has been B.has gone to; has gone to
C.has been to; has gone D.has been to; has been to
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——杨先生在哪里?——他去了丹寨的龙泉山。 他去过那里三次,因为他喜欢当地的风景。 考查has been to以及has gone to的区别。has gone to去了某地(未回来);has been to去过某地(已回来)。根据“Where’s Mr. Yang”可知,杨先生不在说话地,所以是去了龙泉山,还没有回来,故第一空填has gone to,排除C和D选项。根据“three times”可知,去过三次,且there是地点副词,前不加任何介词,用has been。故选A。
32.(2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题)—Your son’s dream will come true as long as ______.
—I hope so.
A.he will study hard B.she will study hard
C.he studies hard D.she studies hard
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——只要你儿子努力学习,他的梦想就会实现。——希望如此。考查时态以及人称单词。根据“Your son’s...”可知此处指你儿子努力,用代词he,排除BD;句子是as long as引导的条件状语从句,从句中用一般现在时,主语是he,谓语动词用第三人称单数。故选C。
33.(2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题)—Using public chopsticks ______ necessary when eating with others.
—That’s right.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——与他人一起吃饭时,使用公用筷子是必要的。——确实如此。考查主谓一致以及动词时态。此处阐述的是使用公筷的必要性,句子用一般现在时,动名词作主语,be动词用is,故选A。
34.(2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)So far, red tourism (旅游业) ________ quickly and it’s becoming more and more popular.
【答案】C
【解析】句意:到目前为止,红色旅游发展迅速,越来越受欢迎。考查时态。根据“So far”可知句子使用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。
35.(2022·海南·中考真题)We ________ each other since we met in the last summer camp.
A.won’t see B.haven’t seen C.didn’t see
【答案】B
【解析】句意:自从上次夏令营见面后,我们就再也没有见过面。考查动词时态。根据“since we met in the last summer camp.”可知,本句是现在完成时。故选B。
36.(2022·江苏无锡·中考真题)The chief engineer announced that they ________ a space lab on the space station around the end of 2022.
A.have built B.had built C.will build D.would build
【答案】D
【解析】句意:总工程师宣布,他们将于2022年底左右在空间站建造一个空间实验室。考查动词时态。根据“The chief engineer announced that”可知,that后为宾语从句,主句为一般过去时,从句为过去的某种时态,结合从句时间状语“around the end of 2022”可知,此处使用过去将来时,would+动词原形。故选D。
37.(2022·福建·中考真题)Since 2021, our school ________ all kinds of after-school services for students.
A.provides B.is providing C.has provided
【答案】C
【解析】句意:从2021年开始,学校为学生提供各种课外服务。 考查动词时态。since+过去的时间点,要与现在完成时have/has done的结构连用,故选C。
38.(2022·湖北湖北·中考真题)—Hello! May I speak to Kate
—Sorry, she isn’t in. She ________ ping-pong outside.
A.is playing B.plays C.played D.will play
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你好!我可以和凯特说话吗?——对不起,她不在。她在外面打乒乓球。考查现在进行时。根据“Sorry, she isn’t in.”可知,阐述正在发生的事,用现在进行时,结构为“be+现在分词”。故选A。
39.(2022·湖北湖北·中考真题)—Your watch is really old.
—Yes, I ________ it since I was six.
A.have B.will have C.have had D.am having
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你的手表真的很旧了。——是的,我从六岁起就有了。考查现在完成时。根据“since I was six”可知,本句是现在完成时,结构为“has/have+过去分词”。故选C。
40.(2022·湖北湖北·中考真题)Li Lei ________ the school bus last Friday.
A.misses B.missed C.was missing D.has missed
【答案】B
【解析】句意:李雷上周五错过了校车。考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“last Friday”可知,本句是一般过去时,动词用过去式missed。故选B。
2021中考真题
1.(2021 安徽)We should ________ the friendship that we have developed in the past years.
A. value B. change C. make D. win
【答案】A
【解析】value珍惜;change改变;make制造;win赢得。根据“the friendship that we have developed in the past years”可知,此处指珍惜友谊,故选A。
2.( 2021北京) ---Lily, what do you usually do after school
---I ________ exercise with my friends.
A. do B. did C. will do D. was doing
【答案】A
【解析】根据“what do you usually do after school”可知,时态是一般现在时,主语是I,动词用原形,故选A。
3.(2021 天水)Which part is the VERB of the following sentence “Susan walks to school every day.”
A. “Susan” B. “walks to” C. “school” D. “every day”
【答案】B
【解析】Susan 是主语;walks to是动词;school是名词;every day是时间状语。所以“Susan walks to school every day.” 这个句子的动词是walks to。故选B。
4.(2021 河池)Not only Peter but also his father ________ crazy about the basketball match.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
【答案】B
【解析】not only…but also连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,离谓语最近的主语his father是第三人称,be动词用单数形式is,故选B。
5.(2021 绥化)________ it over, and you will be able to work out the problem.
A. Thinking B. To think C. Think
【答案】C
【解析】此处是“祈使句,and+简单句”的结构,空格处应用动词原形,故选C。
6.(2021 安顺)Volunteering our time to help people __________ a good way to learn new things.
A. am B. is C. are
【答案】B
【解析】Volunteering our time to help people为动名词作主语,说的是自愿花时间帮助别人这件事情,动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。故选B。
7.(2021 海南)--- I fell off my bike yesterday. I will not ride to school anymore!
--- I don’t think that’s a good idea. That’s just throwing out the baby with the bathwater.
What is the best Chinese for the underlined expression
A. 囫囵吞枣 B. 因噎废食 C. 自食其果
【答案】B
【解析】根据语境可知,说话者骑车摔了,就再也不敢骑车了,这是一种因噎废食的表现,故划线部分“throwing out the baby with the bathwater”有“因噎废食”之意,故选B。
8.(2021 河北)The trip ________ really exciting to me. How I wish to go!
A. sounds B. smells C. tastes D. feels
【答案】A
【解析】sounds听起来;smells闻起来;tastes尝起来;feels感觉起来。根据“The trip…really exciting to me.”可知,“听起来”符合语境,故选A。
9.(2021 牡丹江、鸡西)My teacher encouraged me ________ English as much as possible.
A. speaking B. speak C. to speak
【答案】C
【解析】encourage sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“鼓励某人做某事”,使用动词不定式作宾语补足语,故选C。
10.(2021 牡丹江、鸡西)Fresh water ________ more important than anything else.
A. is B. are C. was
【答案】A
【解析】此处陈述一般事实,用一般现在时,主语“Fresh water”是不可数名词,其后用be动词is。故选A。
11.(2021 绥化)I was deeply moved by the film, Hi, Mum. I think it’s well worth ________.
A. to watch B. watch C. watching
【答案】C
【解析】be worth doing sth“值得做某事”,空格处应用动名词形式,故选C。
12.(2021 绥化)This pair of socks _________ soft. I’ll take _________.
A. feel; it B. feels; it C. feels; them
【答案】C
【解析】this pair of修饰主语时,动词用三单形式,排除A选项。第二句指要买这双袜子,表复数概念,用人称代词them作宾语,故选C。
13.(2021 绥化)She will fly to Haikou as soon as she _________ the task.
A. finish B. finishes C. finished
【答案】B
【解析】finish完成,是一个动词。由句子结构可知,该句中“as soon as”引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。从句中主语“she”是第三人称单数,故选B。
14.(2021 绥化)The teacher with curly hair teaches us _________ the guitar.
A. to play B. play C. playing
【答案】A
【解析】play演奏乐器,是一个动词。由句子结构可知,该句谓语动词为“teaches”,常用于句型teach sb. to do sth.“教某人去做某事”。故选A。
15.(2021 绥化)The exam is over! Why not ________ to the movies and relax ourselves
A. go B. to go C. going
【答案】A
【解析】固定句式:why not do sth“为什么不做某事”,故选A。
16.(2021 长春)_________ myself, I will take up a hobby like painting this summer.
A. Improve B. Improving C. To improve D. Improved
【答案】C
【解析】空格处表达的是目的,表示“为了……”,应用不定式作目的状语,故选C。
17.(2021 连云港)Jim, you’d better not ________ too much time on your mobile phone.
A. cost B. spend C. take D. pay
【答案】B
【解析】四个单词都有“花费”之意,但具体用法各不相同。cost主语为物, 宾语为“金钱”;spend主语为人,宾语为“时间/金钱”;take主语为形式主语it或物;pay主语为人,宾语为“金钱”。spend some time on sth.为固定搭配,意为“在……事情上花时间”,符合句意,故选B。
18.(2021 南京)The drama “Yuhuayao” ________ citizens in Nanjing with a chance to learn and listen to the Party’s history.
A. provided B. guarded C. compared D. protected
【答案】A
【解析】provided提供;guarded保卫;compared比较;protected保护。根据“The drama ‘Yuhuayao’…citizens in Nanjing with a chance to learn and listen to the Party’s history.”可知,此处是provide sb with sth短语,意为“提供某人某物”,故选A。
19.(2021 南京)Our school library ________ with plants, lovely desks and chairs, so I feel relaxed while studying or reading there.
A. decorates B. decorated C. is decorated D. was decorating
【答案】C
【解析】根据句意可知,主语和动词之间是动宾关系,故应用被动语态;结合语境,应用一般现在时的被动语态,构成形式为:be done;主语“Our school library”是第三人称单数形式,故be用is;decorate的过去分词是decorated。故选C。
20.(2021 南京)I would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve, because it allows people ________ closer to them.
A. get B. to get C. getting D. got
【答案】B
【解析】此处是结构allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空格处用不定式作宾补,故选B。
21.(2021 南通)---Good news! The Underground Line 1 in Nantong ________ to come into service soon.
---That’s great! Transport will become much easier for us.
A. will be expected B. is expected C. expects D. is expecting
【答案】B
【解析】句子主语与动词之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,排除C/D选项;此处应用一般现在时表示将来,故选B。
22.(2021 南通)The community worker is patient enough ________ to the old how to use Health Code(码).
A. explain B. explains C. to explain D. explaining
【答案】C
【解析】固定搭配:be+形容词+enough to do sth.“足够……做某事”,动词不定式作结果状语,故选C。
23.(2021 南通)Five-star hotels can ________ first-rate service, making passengers feel at home.
A. provide B. prevent C. protect D. prepare
【答案】A
【解析】provide提供;prevent阻止;protect保护;prepare准备;根据“making passengers feel at home”及常识可知,此处指的是酒店提供一流的服务,故选A。
24.(2021 苏州)During our holidays we should avoid ________ up at night and oversleeping in the morning.
A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying
【答案】D
【解析】avoid doing sth避免做某事,使用动名词作宾语,故选D。
25.(2021 宿迁)The policeman told the children ________ in the river. It’s too dangerous!
A. to not swim B. not to swim C. not swim D. not swimming
【答案】B
【解析】tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不做某事。根据“It’s too dangerous!”可知,警察告诉孩子不要在河里游泳。故选B。
26.(2021 无锡)---You added sugar in my tea It ________ terrible!
---Sorry, madam. I’ll pour you another cup right away.
A. feels B. looks C. sounds D. tastes
【答案】D
【解析】feels感觉;looks看起来;sounds听起来;tastes尝起来。根据语境“你在我的茶里加糖了吗?……太糟糕了!” 可知,茶里加糖应是尝起来很难喝,因此用“tastes”,故选D。
27.(2021 无锡)--- don’t like the sleeping bag, Dad.
---What do you ________, Bob It’s a camp, not a hotel.
A. suggest B. imagine C. expect D. wish
【答案】C
【解析】suggest建议;imagine检查;expect期望;wish祝福;根据语境及“It’s a camp, not a hotel.”可知,此处指的是“你想怎么样”,应用expect,故选C。
28.(2021 盐城)Alice often ________ the fun of doing DIY with us. She is so creative!
A. shares B. provides C. makes D. gives
【答案】A
【解析】shares分享;provides提供;makes制造;gives给。根据“Alice often …the fun of doing DIY with us”可知,是与我们分享这种乐趣,用share sth with sb表示“与某人分享某物”,故选A。
29.(2021 盐城)Last September, Thunderstorm was shown ________ Cao Yu, one of China’s greatest playwrights.
A. remember B. remembering C. remembered D. to remember
【答案】D
【解析】根据“Thunderstorm was shown … Cao Yu, one of China’s greatest playwrights”可知,《雷雨》上映的目的是为了纪念伟大的剧作家,用动词不定式表目的,故选D。
30.(2021 扬州)--- How did you come to Baoying
--- By high-speed rail. It ________ me only 28 minutes to get here.
A. spent B. paid C. lost D. took
【答案】D
【解析】spent花费,主语是人;paid付款,主语是人;lost失去;took花费,主语是it或物。根据“It…me only 28 minutes to get here.”可知,此处是“it takes/took sb+时间+to do sth”句型,故选D。
31.(2021 江西)These beautiful animals are endangered. We must ________ them.
A. save B. show C. stop D. catch
【答案】A
【解析】save拯救;show展示;stop停止;catch抓住。根据“These beautiful animals are endangered.”可知,“拯救”符合语境,故选A。
32.(2021 大连)Don’t worry. We will meet next Monday ________ the project again,
A. discuss B. discussed C. discussing D. to discuss
【答案】D
【解析】根据句意及句子结构可知,此处表达的是目的,作目的状语,应用不定式形式,故选D。
33.(2021 大连)________ at people when you talk. This is a polite way of communication in China.
A. Look B. Looking C. To look D. Looked
【答案】A
【解析】分析句子结构可知,此处是祈使句结构作主句部分,应用动词原形开头,故选A。
34.(2021 抚顺、本溪、辽阳)Our national hero Yue Fei _______ to devote (贡献) himself to the country at a young age.
A. failed B. forgot C. promised D. refused
【答案】C
【解析】fail失败;forget忘记;promise承诺;refuse拒绝。根据“Our national hero Yue Fei…to devote himself to the country at a young age.”可知,是promise to do sth“许诺做某事”,故选C。
35.(2021 营口)The lecture(讲座)is worth ________. Please tell John ________ late.
A. attend; not be B. to attend; to be
C. attended; to being D. attending; not to be
【答案】D
【解析】固定搭配:be worth doing sth.,表示“值得做某事”,第一空应用动名词形式attending,表示“参加”,在句中作宾语;固定搭配:tell sb. (not) to do sth.,表示“告诉某人(不)要做某事”,根据“The lecture is worth...”可知,此处指告诉约翰不要迟到,第二空应为not to be。故选D。
36.(2021 营口)One thousand kilometers ________ quite a long way to the ancient, but now we can complete the journey in about one hour by air.
A. was B. had C. were D. have
【答案】A
【解析】was是;had有;were是;have有。结合句意,此处表示古代一千公里是相当长的一段路,表示判断,排除BD两项,主语one thousand kilometers,表示距离,作主语,看成一个整体,谓语用第三人称单数形式,故选A。
37.(2021 山西)--- To ________ our eyesight, we’d better relax for a while after reading for a long time.
--- I agree with you.
A. harm B. protect C. examine
【答案】B
【解析】 harm伤害;protect保护;examine检测。根据“we’d better relax for a while after reading for a long time”可知,这是保护视力的方法,故选B。
38.(2021 乐山)---Do you always get up so early
---Yes, _________ the first bus. My home is far away from school.
A. catch B. catching C. to catch
【答案】C
【解析】 “起床早”的目的是“去赶第一班车”,故空格处是动词不定式表目的。故选C。
39.(2021 乐山)The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life. Can you __________a life without it
A. imagine B. expect C. understand
【答案】A
【解析】imagine想象;expect期待;understand理解。根据“The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life.”可知,互联网在我们的生活中至关重要,此处指能否想象没有互联网的生活。故选A。
40.(2021 天津)The government plans to ________ more jobs for young people in western China.
A. create B. avoid C. borrow D. guess
【答案】A
【解析】 create创造;avoid避免;borrow借;guess猜测。根据空后“more jobs for young people in western China”可知,应是为中国西部的年轻人创造更多的就业机会。故选A。
41.(2021 天津)When I was young, my parents taught me ________ older people kindly.
A. treats B. to treat C. treated D. treat
【答案】B
【解析】treats第三人称单数;to treat动词不定式;treated过去式或过去分词;treat动词原形。teach sb to do sth.“教某人做某事”,固定搭配,故选B。
42.(2021 云南)The earth is in great danger now. We have to do something ________ it.
A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected
【答案】C
【解析】空格处是作后置定语修饰前面的复合不定代词something,表达的是没有发生的事情,应用不定式形式,选C。
43.(2021 昆明)It is necessary to learn ________ time and make good use of every minute.
A. to manage B. managing C. to lose D. losing
【答案】A
【解析】manage管理;lose失去。根据“make good use of every minute”可知是要管理时间;learn to do sth.学会做某事,此处用动词不定式作宾语。故选A。
44.(2021 重庆A)The villagers plan ________ a new bridge over the river.
A. build B. building C. to build D. built
【答案】C
【解析】plan to do sth计划做某事,使用动词不定式作宾语,故选C。
45.(2021 重庆B)Peter’s mother gets up early ________ breakfast for him every morning.
A. to make B. making C. make D. makes
【答案】A
【解析】分析“Peter’s mother gets up early…breakfast for him every morning.”可知,此处表示目的,用动词不定式作目的状语,故选A。
46.(2021 天水)---Would you like to go out for dinner tonight
---No, I’d rather ________ at home.
A. to eat B. eating C. eat D. ate
【答案】C
【解析】would rather do sth宁愿做某事,故选C。
47.(2021 安顺)Mario and his friends are making some plans _________ in an old people’s home this summer.
A. work B. working C. to work
【答案】C
【解析】此处不定式to work作定语,修饰plans。故选C。
48.(2021 海南)--- I have less homework than before!
--- Me too. Now, we have enough time ________ sports.
A. do B. doing C. to do
【答案】C
【解析】enough time to do sth表示“足够时间做某事”,不定式作状语。故选C。
49.(2021 牡丹江、鸡西)---Some Chinese government officers have turned into live streamers (网络主播).
---Yes. They are trying their best to help local farmers to _______ product sales.
A. improve B. compare C. afford
【答案】A
【解析】improve提高;compare比较;afford买得起。根据“Some Chinese government officers have turned into live streamers”及“help local farmers to … product sales”可知,政府官员做直播的目的是为了帮助农民提高产品销售,故选A。
50.(2021 绥化)The teacher with curly hair teaches us _________ the guitar.
A. to play B. play C. playing
【答案】A
【解析】play演奏乐器,是一个动词。由句子结构可知,该句谓语动词为“teaches”,常用于句型teach sb. to do sth.“教某人去做某事”。故选A。
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