中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
句子的类型II
复合句
Part1 中考考点
【定义】
1.宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句,常常位于及物动词或介词之后,作宾语。宾语从句的引导词是由宾语从句的句子类型决定的,常考的引导词有that, if, whether, what, which, when, where, how, why等,宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定。
2.直接引语指的是直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号标出;间接引语是指用自己的语言转述别人的话。直接引语变间接引语时在句型、人称、时态、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面都要进行变化。
3.在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句,在句中起到状语的作用。常考的状语从句有时间状语从句(由when,while,before,not…until等引导)、条件状语从句(由if,unless,as long as等引导)、原因状语从句(由because,since等引导)、结果状语从句(由so that,so…that…等引导)、目的状语从句(由in order that等引导)、让步状语从句(由though,although等引导)。
4.定语从句是指在句中作定语,用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词、名词性词组或代词叫做先行词,在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。定语从句常用的关系代词有who,whose,that,which,关系副词有when,where,why等。
【知识归纳】
宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语
用法 例句
当宾语从句或间接引语是由陈述句转换而来时,用that来引导从句或间接引语,其中的that无具体意义,一般可以省略。 He tells me (that) he is going shopping this Sunday.He said (that) the bank was near the hotel.
当宾语从句或间接引语是由一般疑问句转换而来时,用if或whether来引导从句或间接引语,意思是“是否”。从句或间接引语用陈述语序。 She asked me if/whether she could join us.He wondered if/whether the workers had finished the work.
当宾语从句或间接引语是由特殊疑问句转换而来时,特殊疑问词就是宾语从句或间接引语的引导词。从句或间接引语用陈述语序。 Do you know who broke the door She asked me whose pen that was.
【特例清单】
1.当宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来时,引导词用if或whether,如果从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时,只能用whether
I don’t know whether he will come or not. 我不知道他是否会来。
2.宾语从句中,主句为一般现在时,则从句可以根据实际需要用各种相应的时态。主句为一般过去时,则从句必须用过去的某种时态
I remember he gave me a book yesterday. 我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump. 他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。
3.宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget, learn等词时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构
She doesn’t know what she should do next.= She doesn’t know what to do next.
她不知道下一步该做什么。
4.直接引语是祈使句,间接引语应改为“tell (ask,order等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型
“Don’t make any noise.” she said to the children.
→She told the children not to make any noise. “不要制造任何噪音”她对孩子们说。
5.在宾语从句或间接引语中如果叙述的是客观真理、客观事实等,不管主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时
He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音的传播速度要快得多。
6.直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和某些具有方向性的动词要作相应的变化。具体见下表:
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this that
these those
时间状语 now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
tomorrow next week
this week that week
next week the next week
two weeks ago two weeks before
last month the month ago
地点状语 here there
谓语动词 come go
bring take
宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if,whether)替;特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。
二、状语从句
从属连词 用法 例句
While "与……同时,在……期间",从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的词 Don’t talk loud while(as)others are working. 别人工作时,请勿大声说话。
When "当……时",表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生,从句的动词可用延续性动词,也可用非延续性动词 It was raining when we arrived. 我们到达时,天正下着雨。when you read the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you. 当你再读一遍这首诗,你就会更清楚它的含义。
As "正当,一边……一边,随着",表示两个动作同时发生或某事发生时,另一个动作发生了 As time went on, his theory proved to be correct. 随着时间的推移,他的理论被证明是正确的。
Till/Until 用于肯定句时,表示"直到……为止",主句必须为延续性动词;not...until/till表示"直到……才",主句常用短暂性动词 We shall wait until/till he comes back. 我们将一直等到他回来。I didn’t leave until/till she finished her homework. 直到她完成作业我才离开。
Since "自……以来",主句用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句用一般过去时 I have heard lot of good things about you since I come back from abroad. 自从我从国外回来,我已经听许多好的事情。
Before 在……以前 He must finish all the work before he goes home. 回家之前他必须完成所有的工作。
After 在……之后 Let’s play football after school. 放学后我们打篮球吧。
【知识拓展】时间状语从句的时态问题:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句如果使用一般将来时态,从句使用一般现在时表示将来,即所谓的"主将从现"。As soon as I arrive in Beijing, I will ring you up. 我一到北京就给你打电话。You’ll fall behind the others unless you study hard. 如果你不努力学习,你将会落后于其他人。
三、定语从句
【图示】
分类 引导词 例句
关系代词 whowhomwhichthatwhose The man who is working there is my brother.This is the book(that/which) I bought yesterday.The room whose window is open is mine.
关系副词 whenwherewhy I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.This is the school where my mother works.
【特例清单】
定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况:
(1)当先行词为anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时,只能使用“that”
Is there anything that I can do for you 我能为你做点什么吗?
(2)当先行词为all,any,much,many等词时,只能使用“that”
Tom told her mother all that had happened. 汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用“that”
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。
(4)当先行词被序数词修饰时,只能使用“that”
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
(5)当先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时,只能使用“that”
This will be the last chance that he can get. 这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。
He is the only person that can help you out. 他是唯一能帮你的人。
(6)先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能使用“that”
They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。
(7)当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时,只能使用“that”
Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday 哪本书是他昨天从图书馆借的?
Part2 中考真题精选
2022中考真题
1.(2022·吉林·中考真题)Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her classes lively and interesting.
A.which B.who C.what
【答案】B
【解析】
句意:王老师是一位英语老师,她使她的课生动有趣。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句,先行词an English teacher是指人,在从句中作主语,用who引导定语从句,故选B。
2.(2022·湖北恩施·中考真题)China is the first nation ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon.
A.which B.that C.who
【答案】B
【解析】
句意:中国是第一个将嫦娥Ⅳ发射到月球背面的国家。
考查定语从句。which关系代词,先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;that关系代词,先行词指物或人,在从句中作主语或宾语;who关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;句子先行词是nation,在句中作主语,且先行词被序数词修饰,此处关系代词用that,故选B。
3.(2022·黑龙江黑龙江·中考真题)The boys __________ are playing football are from Class One.
A.which B.who C.whose
【答案】B
【解析】
句意:正在踢足球的男孩们来自一班。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句,先行词boys是指人,在从句中作主语,用关系词who引导定语从句,故选B。
4.(2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)I can’t forget the teachers and the university ________ I visited two years ago. They bring me many sweet memories.
A.that B.which C.what
【答案】A
【解析】
句意:我不能忘记两年前我参观的老师和大学。它们给我带来了许多甜蜜的回忆。
考查定语从句关系代词辨析。此处是定语从句,先行词既有人又有物,引导词在从句中作宾语,关系代词只能用that。故选A。
5.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)We should remember those ________ lost their lives for our country.
A.who B.whom C.which
【答案】A
【解析】
句意:我们应该记住那些为我们的国家献出生命的人。
考查定语从句。who在句中作主语/宾语,指人;whom在句中作宾语,指人;which在句中作主语/宾语,指物。空前先行词“those”指人,且在句中作主语,用who引导。故选A。
6.(2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题)—Is the woman ______ walked past just now your teacher
—Yes, she teaches ______ English and we all love her very much.
A.which; our B.who; us C.which; us D.that; our
【答案】B
【解析】
句意:——刚才走过的那个女人是你的老师吗?——是的,她教我们英语,我们都非常喜欢她。
考查定语从句以及代词辨析。第一空所在句子是定语从句,先行词woman是指人,在从句中作主语,应用who或that引导定语从句,排除A和C选项。us我们,人称代词宾格;our我们的,形容词性物主代词。第二空位于动词teach后,应填人称代词宾格作宾语,故选B。
7.(2022·湖北十堰·中考真题)Students love the teachers ________ are outgoing and humorous.
A.who B.whom C.which D.whose
【答案】A
【解析】
句意:学生喜欢开朗幽默的老师。
考查定语从句。此处含定语从句,先行词是人,引导词在从句中作主语,故选A。
8.(2022·四川·乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题)— What kind of books do you like best
— I like books ________ are about science and technology.
A.who B.whom C.which
【答案】C
【解析】
句意:——你最喜欢什么类型的书?——我喜欢关于科学和技术的书。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句,先行词books是指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系词which引导定语从句,故选C。
9.(2022·四川达州·中考真题)—Do you like the movie ________ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin
—Sure. I think no movie is ________ than it.
A.that; more touching B.what; less touching C.that; more touched D.which; less touched
【答案】A
【解析】
句意:——你喜欢《长津湖》这部电影吗?——当然。我认为没有哪部电影比它更感人了。
考查定语从句和形容词辨析。第一处是定语从句,先行词是物,引导词在从句中作主语,排除B。touching感人的;touched感动的。此处修饰电影,用ing结尾的形容词,排除CD。故选A。
10.(2022·四川成都·中考真题)Rome is an ancient city _______ is full of places of interest.
A.where B.which C.who
【答案】B
【解析】
句意:罗马是一座充满名胜古迹的古城。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句,先行词是物“an ancient city”,关系词在从句中作主语,用which引导定语从句。故选B。
11.(2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题)Many wild animals don’t have a safe place to live, ________ villages and farms are growing bigger and taking away their land.
A.because B.until C.although D.before
【答案】A
【解析】
句意:很多野生动物没有安全的地方住,因为村子和农场正在逐渐扩大,夺走了它们栖息之地。
考查连词。because因为;until直到;although尽管;before在……之前。根据“don’t have a safe place to live”及“villages and farms are growing bigger and taking away their land”可知,后面的句子表达原因,用连词“because”。故选A。
12.(2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)—The big stone is ________ heavy ________ I can’t carry it alone.
—Don’t worry. I will help you.
A.such; that B.so; that C.too; to
【答案】B
【解析】
句意:——这块大石头太重了,我一个人搬不动。——别担心。我会帮助你的。
考查结果状语从句的连词。such...that...“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,中心词是名词;so...that...“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,中心词是形容词或副词; too...to...“太……而不能”,后接短语;根据“I can’t carry it alone”可知,此处应用连词连接,排除C选项;句子中心词强调的是“heavy”,是形容词,应用so...that...,故选B。
13.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)It’s necessary to learn English well, ________ it’s a little difficult.
A.unless B.although C.as
【答案】B
【解析】
句意:学好英语是必要的,虽然有点难。
考查连词辨析。unless除非;although尽管;as因为。前后句暗含转折含义,应用although引导让步状语从句。故选B。
14.(2022·贵州毕节·中考真题)________ the weather improves, we’ll have to cancel the outdoor picnic.
A.Unless B.If C.Because D.When
【答案】A
【解析】
句意:除非天气好转,否则我们将不得不取消户外野餐。
考查连词辨析。unless除非;if如果;because因为;when当……时。根据“the weather improves, we’ll have to cancel the outdoor picnic.”可知,除非天气好转,否则要取消野餐活动,用unless引导条件状语从句,故选A。
15.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)The Battle of Changjin Lake is ________ wonderful movie ________ I want to see it again.
A.such a: that B.so; that C.such an; that
【答案】A
【解析】
句意:《长津湖》是一部如此精彩的电影,我想再看一遍。
考查such...that...结构。此处是结果状语从句,so强调形容词、副词,such强调名词,此处强调的是“movie”,“wonderful”首字母发辅音音素。故选A。
16.(2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)Learning to write is learning to think. ________ , you won’t know things clearly.
A.if you write them down
B.unless you write them down
C.if you won’t write them down
【答案】B
【解析】
句意:学习写作就是学习思考。除非你把它们写下来,否则你不会清楚地知道事情。
考查状语从句。结合“you won’t know things clearly.”可知,此处指的是“除非写下来,否则……”,应用unless引导条件状语从句,故选B。
17.(2022·广西贺州·中考真题)I won’t go to the movies this afternoon ________ I’m free.
A.or B.unless C.because D.than
【答案】B
【解析】
句意:除非我有空,否则今天下午我不会去看电影的。
考查连词辨析。or否则,或者;unless除非;because因为;than比。根据“I won’t go to the movies this afternoon...I’m free.”可知,后句是前句的否定条件,除非有空否则不会去看电影。故选B。
18.(2022·江苏无锡·中考真题)You will not get the special gift ________ you finish all the tasks.
A.after B.because C.while D.unless
【答案】D
【解析】
句意:除非你完成所有的任务,否则你不会得到特别的礼物。
考查连词辨析。after在……之后;because因为;while当……时。unless除非。根据“You will not get the special gift … you finish all the tasks.”可知,本句是unless引导的条件状语从句,表示“除非”。故选D。
19.(2022·福建·中考真题)We are making a big cake ________ it’s Dad’s birthday today.
A.because B.until C.once
【答案】A
【解析】
句意:我们正制作一个巨大的风筝,因为今天是爸爸的生日。
考查连词。because因为;until直到;once一旦。根据“We are making a big cake”及“it’s Dad’s birthday today”,可知前后是因果关系,后面句子解释原因,用连词“because”连接。故选A。
20.(2022·江苏泰州·中考真题)—It is impossible to finish the difficult task in such a short time on my own ________ both of us work together.
—No problem. Let’s start!
A.if B.but C.because D.unless
【答案】D
【解析】
句意:——除非我们两个一起努力,否则我一个人不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项艰巨的任务。——没问题。让我们开始吧!
考查连词辨析。if如果;but但是;because因为;unless除非。根据“It is impossible to finish the difficult task in such a short time on my own...both of us work together.”可知,前后句是条件关系,除非两个人一起努力,否则不能完成任务。故选D。
21.(2022·湖北湖北·中考真题)—I wonder ________.
—I’m not sure. Maybe next week.
A.where they will go B.who will give us a talk
C.how he will come back D.when her baby will be born
【答案】D
【解析】
句意:——我想知道她的孩子什么时候出生。 ——我不知道。也许下个星期。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句,需用陈述语序,排除B;结合答语“Maybe next week.”可知,此处对时间进行提问,故选D。
22.(2022·湖北湖北·中考真题)—Excuse me, I’m new here. Could you tell me ________
—Sure. Go along this road, and you can’t miss it.
A.where was the museum B.how can I get to the museum
C.where is the museum D.how I can get to the museum
【答案】D
【解析】
句意:——打扰一下,我是新来的。你能告诉我怎么去博物馆吗?——当然。 沿着这条路走,你不会错过它的。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句,用陈述语序,排除A、B、C。故选D。
23.(2022·湖北十堰·中考真题)—Could you please tell me ________
—Next Sunday.
A.when I can get back my notebook B.when can I get back my notebook
C.how long I can get back my notebook D.how long can I get back my notebook
【答案】A
【解析】
句意:——你能告诉我什么时候我能拿回我的笔记本吗? ——下个星期天。
考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序,排除BD;根据答语“Next Sunday.”可知,对时间点提问,故选A。
24.(2022·四川广元·中考真题)—The 2022 Winter Olympics was held in China. Do you know ______
—Yes. In Beijing and Zhangjiakou.
A.when it was held B.when was it held C.which cities was it held in D.which cities it was held in
【答案】D
【解析】
句意:——2022年冬奥会在中国举行。 你知道它在哪些城市举行吗?——是的。 在北京和张家口。
考查宾语从句。根据“Do you know”可知,本句是宾语从句,需用陈述语序,可排除BC选项;再根据“In Beijing and Zhangjiakou.”可知,此处是询问的是地点,在哪些地方举办。故选D。
25.(2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—Jenny, do you know ________
—Er, next Tuesday.
A.when the sports meeting will take place B.when will the sports meeting take place
C.where the sports meeting will take place D.where will the sports meeting take place
【答案】A
【解析】
句意:——珍妮,你知道运动会什么时候举行吗?——额,下周二。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句,用陈述语序,排除BD;根据“next Tuesday”可知上文询问时间,用when引导宾语从句。故选A。
26.(2022·新疆·中考真题)—I wonder ________.
—Yes, it tastes really nice.
A.who likes eating zongzi
B.where we can buy this kind of zongzi
C.how much we should pay for this kind of zongzi
D.if Jiaxing zongzi is delicious
【答案】D
【解析】
句意:——我想知道嘉兴粽子好吃吗?——是的,味道很好。
考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,是宾语从句;根据“Yes, it tastes really nice.”可知,上句应该是询问食物是否好吃;故选D。
27.(2022·湖北武汉·中考真题)—Can you tell me ________
—To get practical skills.
A.what do you learn about safety B.when do you have the art festival
C.how you balance your studies and hobbies D.why you learn cooking at school
【答案】D
【解析】
句意:——你能告诉我你为什么在学校学烹饪吗?——为了获得实用技能。
考查宾语从句。tell后缺少直接宾语,用宾语从句,宾语从句用陈述语序,排除AB;再由“To get practical skills”可知此处询问做某事的原因,用why引导的宾语从句。故选D。
28.(2022·湖南岳阳·中考真题)They wonder _______.
A.if robots will think like a human in 25 to 50 years
B.if will robots think like a human in 25 to 50 years
C.when robots will think like a human in 25 to 50 years
【答案】A
【解析】
句意:他们想知道是否在25到50年之后机器人会像人一样思考。
考查宾语从句。动词“wonder”后是宾语从句,是陈述句的语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语动词”。B的语序错误。根据“wonder”可知宾语从句表达的含义不确定,用“if”引导从句。A选项“if robots will think like a human in 25 to 50 years”,表达“是否在25到50年之后机器人会像人一样思考”,符合题意。故选A。
29.(2022·天津·中考真题)—Could you tell me ________
—It’s about 6,300 kilometres long.
A.how wide is the Changjiang River B.how wide the Changjiang River is
C.how long is the Changjiang River D.how long the Changjiang River is
【答案】D
【解析】
句意:——你能告诉我长江有多长吗?——它长约6300公里。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句,用陈述语序,排除A、C;根据“It’s about 6,300 kilometres long”可知上文询问长度,用how long引导宾语从句。故选D。
30.(2022·江苏扬州·中考真题)—Excuse me, could you tell me ________
—You can take No. 6 bus there. It’s about 15 minutes’ ride.
A.how far is the Slender West Lake B.how far the Slender West Lake is
C.how can I get to the Slender West Lake D.how I can get to the Slender West Lake
【答案】D
【解析】
句意:——打扰一下,你能告诉我怎么去瘦西湖吗?——你可以在那里乘坐6路公交车。大约15分钟的车程。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句,用陈述语序,排除AC;根据“You can take No. 6 bus there”可知上句询问应如何去某地,用how引导宾语从句。故选D。
2021中考真题
1.(2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题)I’ll never forget the place ________ we visited together last year.
A.which B.what C.who D.whom
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:我永远不会忘记我们去年一起去过的那个地方。
考查定语从句。which哪一个;what什么;who谁;whom谁,who的宾语。该句为定语从句,且从句中缺宾语,先行词place指物,故应用关系代词which,故选A。
2.(2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题)I’d like to express my thanks to everyone ________ served the community.
A.which B.who C.where D.when
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:我想对每一个为社区服务的人表示感谢。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句,everyone是指人,在从句中作主语,用关系词who引导定语从句,故选B。
3.(2021·山东滨州市·中考真题)In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.
A.who B.that C.whom D.what
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:在我看来,在所有的书中,这是唯一值得一读的。
考查定语从句关系词。根据“of all the books, this is the only one”可知先行词the only one指物,先行词用the only修饰时,只能用that引导限制性定语从句。故选B。
4.(2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题)— What can we do for the left-home children in the village ________ need help
— We could help them with their study online on weekends.
A.which B.whom C.whose D.who
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:——我们能为那些需要帮助的农村留守儿童做些什么呢?——我们可以在周末帮助他们在线学习。
考查定语从句。which先行词指物;whom先行词指人,在从句中作宾语;whose先行词指人或物,在从句中作定语;who先行词指人,在从句中作主语。本句先行词是the left-children,指人,且空格处在从句中作主语,故用who引导定语从句。故选D。
5.(2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题)On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ________ President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.
A.who B.whose C.which D.what
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:2020年12月31日,习近平主席的新年讲话鼓舞了中国人民更加努力地为祖国奋斗。
考查定语从句。who关系代词,指人,作主语;whose关系代词,指人或物,作定语;which关系代词,指物,作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句;句子先行词是speech,指物,在从句中作宾语,应用which引导,故选C。
6.(2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题)—Do you know the boy ________ hand writing won the first in the competition
—Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor.
A.who B.whose C.whom D.which
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:——你认识那个在书法比赛中得了第一名的男孩吗?——嗯,他是王伟,我们的班长。
考查定语从句。who关系代词,指人,作主语;whose关系代词,指人或物,作定语;whom关系代词,指人,作宾语;which关系代词,指物,作主语或宾语;句子先行词是boy,根据“handwriting won the first in the competition”可知,此处指的是“男孩的书法”,应用whose作定语,故选B。
7.(2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题)I like smart clothes ________ are made of silk.
A.who B.which C.what
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:我喜欢丝绸做的漂亮衣服。
考查定语从句。who关系代词,指人,作主语;which关系代词,指物,作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句;句子先行词是clothes,指物,且在从句中作主语,应用which引导定语从句,故选B。
8.(2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题)Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music _________ has become one of China’s national treasures.
A.who B.which C.whose
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:阿炳的《二泉映月》是一首已成为中国国宝之一的音乐作品。
考查定语从句。who关系代词,指人,作主语;which关系代词,指物,作主语或宾语;whose关系代词,指人或物,作定语;先行词“music”,指物,在从句中作主语,应用which引导,故选B。
9.(2021·福建中考真题)We all miss Wu Mengchao ________ saved thousands of lives in his medical work.
A.which B.what C.who
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:我们都怀念吴孟超,他在医疗工作中挽救了成千上万的生命。
考查定语从句。which关系代词,指物,作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句;who关系代词,指人,作主语;先行词“Wu Mengchao”,指人,在从句中作主语,应用who引导定语从句,故选C。
10.(2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题)This is the first birthday gift _________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A.which B.that C.who D.what
【答案】B
【详解】
句意:这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我保存了很多年了。
考查定语从句。which关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;that关系代词,指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who关系代词,指人,在从句中作主语;what不能引导定语从句;句子先行词是gift,指物,而先行词前有序数词修饰,应用that引导,故选B。
11.【2020 徐州市】We’re not very close friends________ we’ve known each other for a long time.
A. until B. although C. as D. if
【答案】B
【解析】句意:虽然我们认识很长时间了,但我们不是很亲密的朋友。考查连词辨析。until直到,表时间;although尽管,虽然,表让步;as因为,表原因;if如果,表条件。根据语境可知,虽然我们认识很长时间了,但我们不是很亲密的朋友,故此处应用连词although表让步。故选B。
12.【2020 扬州市】Lucy held her head up like a queen________ Bill was telling his tale.
A. after B. before C. while D. until
【答案】C
【解析】句意:当比尔讲故事时,露西像女王一样昂起头来。考查从属连词。after在……之后;before在……在前;while当……时候;until直到。根据句意指“当比尔讲故事时”,所以应用while引导时间状语从句。故选C。
13.【2020 镇江市】My parents gave red packets to my cousin every Spring Festival___________ she got a job, because she said she was able to make money.
A. after B. when C. until D. since
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我父母每年春节都给我表妹红包,直到她找到工作,因为她说她能赚钱。考查连词辨析。after在……之后;when当……时;until直到;since自从。根据语境可知,我父母直到表妹找到工作前一直在春节的时候给她发红包,故此处应用until引导时间状语从句。故选C。
14.【2020 江西省】It was great in the end ________ we had a terrible time at the beginning.
A. if B. unless C. when D. although
【答案】D
【解析】句意:虽然一开始我们很糟糕,但最后还是很棒的。考查连词辨析。if如果;unless除非,如果不;when当……时候;although虽然,尽管。根据句意可知,空前“It was great”与空后“we had a terrible time”是转折关系,这里应用although引导让步状语从句。故选D。
15.【2020 沈阳市】_______ Simon has done well in his studies, he still works really hard.
A. Since B. If C. Although D. Unless
【答案】C
【解析】句意:虽然Simon学习很好,但是他仍然努力学习。考查连词辨析。Since既然、自从……以来,引导原因状语从句和时间状语从句;If如果,引导条件状语从句;Although虽然,引导让步状语从句;Unless 除非,引导条件状语从句。根据Simon has done well in his studies,以及 he still works really hard.可知前后句之间存在一种相反的让步关系,所以用Although引导让步状语从句,故答案选C。
16.【2020 铁岭葫芦岛】________ she is very young, she can take good care of herself.
A. If B. Unless C. Since D. Although
【答案】D
【解析】句意:虽然她很小,但她能照顾好自己。考查连词辨析。If如果,引导条件状语从句;Unless除非,如果不,引导条件状语从句;Since自从,引导时间状语从句;Although虽然,尽管。根据句意可知,两句话之间是让步关系,这里应用although引导让步状语从句,故选D。
17.【2020 青海省】I was still feeling hungry ________ I had eaten some sandwiches.
A. so B. though C. since
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我仍然感到饥饿,尽管我吃了一些三明治。考查连词。so因此;though尽管;since自从,因为。根据still判断“I had eaten some sandwiches”是让步状语从句,用though引导让步状语从句,故选B。
18.【2020 青岛市】In Chinese families, people won't start dinner ________ the elders take their seats.
A. after B. when C. because D. until
【答案】D
【解析】句意:在中国家庭里,人们直到老人们坐下才开始吃饭。考查连词。after在……之后;when在……时候;because因为;until直到。根据“won't start dinner”可知句子使用“not…until…”的结构,此处表示“直到老人们坐下才开始吃饭”,用until。故选D。
19.【2020 山东日照】________ the traffic was heavy, we still got to the railway station on time.
A. As B. Unless C. When D. Although
【答案】D
【解析】句意:尽管交通拥挤,我们还是准时到达了火车站。考查连词。A. As因为;B. Unless除非;C. When当……时;D. Although尽管。根据we still got to the railway station on time可知,该句与上文the traffic was heavy之间为让步关系,故应用连词Although,故选D。
20.【2020 山西省】Swimming is, of course, interesting. But ________ we plan to go swimming, being safe must come first.
A. though B. when C. unless
【答案】B
【解析】句意:游泳当然很有趣。但是当我们计划去游泳时,安全必须放在第一位。
考查连词辨析。though尽管;when当……时;unless除非。根据题意“____我们计划去游泳,安全必须放在第一位”,结合选项可知此处用when符合题意,在句中引导时间状语从句。故选B。
21.(2021·广西贺州市·中考真题)I don’t know if Lucy ________ to Jack’s party next Sunday. If she ________, so will I.
A.goes; goes B.will go; will go C.goes; will go D.will go; goes
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我不知道下星期天露西是否会去参加杰克的聚会。如果她去,我也要去。
考查动词时态。第一个句子if表示“是否”,引导宾语从句,根据“next Sunday”可知,从句要用一般将来时will do的结构。第二个句子if表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”,从句用一般现在时,主语she是第三人称,动词用三单形式,故选D。
22.(2021·北京中考真题)—Could you please tell me ________
—Next Thursday morning.
A.when we visited the Capital Museum B.when did we visit the Capital Museum
C.when we will visit the Capital Museum D.when will we visit the Capital Museum
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你能告诉我我们什么时候去参观首都博物馆吗?——下个星期四早上。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句,用陈述语序,排除BD;根据答语“Next Thursday morning.”可知,对将来时间提问,故选C。
23.(2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题)He said that he ________ to Beijing the next month.
A.travel B.would travel C.travels
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他说下个月他要去北京。
考查宾语从句。此句是宾语从句,根据“said”“next month”及“主过从必过”可知,从句要用过去将来时,结构为would+动词原形,故选B。
24.(2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题)— Do you know ________ he said at the party
— Go on. I’m all ears.
A.why B.that C.which D.what
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你知道他在聚会上说什么了吗?——继续。我洗耳恭听。
考查词义辨析。why为什么;that无实际含义;which哪一个;what什么。此处是宾语从句,引导词在从句中作宾语,表示“什么”,无选择范围,不能用which,故选D。
25.(2021·海南中考真题)— John, I wonder ________.
— My teachers. It’s impossible for me to get such great success without their help.
A.why you work so hard
B.what you have achieved
C.who you want to thank most
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——John,我想知道你最想感谢谁?——我的老师们。没有他们的帮助,我不可能取得这么大的成功。
考查宾语从句。根据回答“ My teachers.”可知问句是对人的询问,用who引导的宾语从句。故选C。
26.(2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔市·中考真题)— Excuse me. I’m new here. Could you please tell me ________
— In five minutes.
A.how soon will the next subway arrive
B.how soon the next subway arrives
C.how soon the next subway will arrive
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——对不起。我是新来的。你能告诉我下一班地铁多久会到达吗?——五分钟后。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句,需用陈述语序,排除A;根据答语“In five minutes.”可知,时态是一般将来时,故选C。
27.(2021·福建中考真题)— Do you know ________
— Sure. On May 15th.
A.where China’s Tianwen-1 probe landed
B.how China’s Tianwen-l probe landed on Mars
C.when China’s Tianwen-l probe landed on Mars
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:——你知道中国“天问一号”探测器何时登陆火星吗?——当然。5月15日。
考查宾语从句。where哪里;how怎样;when何时;根据回答“On May 15th”可知,此处问的是何时登陆,应用when引导宾语从句,故选C。
28.(2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题)In the past people didn’t know that light ________ faster than sound.
A.travels B.travelled C.travel
【答案】A
【详解】
句意:过去人们不知道光比声音传播得快。
考查宾语从句。根据“light…faster than sound”和常识可知,“光比声音传播得快”是客观事实和真理,用一般现在时,主语是light,谓语动词用三单,故选A。
29.(2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题)—What did the teacher say just now
—He asked me _________.
A.how could I work it out B.when did I go to the library
C.why I looked unhappy then D.who I am waiting for
【答案】C
【详解】
句意:——刚才老师说了什么?——他问我当时为什么看起来不高兴。
考查宾语从句。根据“宾语从句要用陈述句语序”的原则,排除A/B选项;主句是一般过去时,从句应用过去的某种时态,而D选项是现在进行时,故排除D选项;故选C。
30.(2021·新疆中考真题)— I just came back from Shanghai Disneyland. Can you guess ______
— I’ve no idea. But I’ve heard everything there is quite expensive.
A.how I came back home B.how many days I stayed there
C.when I came back home D.how much I paid for the Micky Mouse toy
【答案】D
【详解】
句意:——我刚从上海迪士尼乐园回来。你能猜出我买米老鼠玩具花了多少钱吗?——我不知道。但是我听说那里的东西都很贵。
考查宾语从句。how I came back home我是怎么回家的;how many days I stayed there我在那儿待了几天;when I came back home我何时回家的;how much I paid for the Micky Mouse toy我花了多少钱买米老鼠玩具。根据答语“But I’ve heard everything there is quite expensive”可知,此处句意应与某个物品的价格有关,故选D。
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