人教版（2019） 必修第二册 Unit 4 History and Traditions课件(共119张PPT)

(共119张PPT)
必修第二册
Unit 4 History and Traditions
01
Period Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Mr Green stood up in ________ （defend） of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one to blame.
defence
解析 句意为：格林先生站起来为那个16岁的男孩辩护，说他不应该（为此事）负责。in defence of 意为“为……辩护”。故填defence。
2.His great ____________ （achieve） is to make all the players into a united team.
achievement
解析 句意为：他的伟大成就在于把所有选手组织成一支团结的队伍。此空作主语，要用achieve的名词形式。谓语动词是单数形式，故填achievement。
3.Judging from his________ （puzzle） expression, this problem must be quite puzzling.
puzzled
解析 句意为：从他困惑的表情来看，这个问题一定非常令人费解。以-ed结尾的形容词修饰人以及与人相关的expression,look等词。根据语境可知，此处意为“困惑的”，故填puzzled。
4.A swimmer might compete ___________ （individual）, but the person's score may also contribute to a team's score.[山西大同 2022高一期中·改编]
individually
解析 句意为: 一名游泳运动员可以单独比赛，但个人的得分也可以增加团队的得分。此空作状语，修饰动词compete，要用individual的副词形式。故填individually。
5.He made the decision that he would break away______ his family.
from
解析 句意为：他作出了离开家人的决定。break away from为固定搭配，意为“离开（家、家人或工作）；挣脱；逃离”。故填from。
6.The basic need to form, grow and sustain relationships and belong ___ a group, a team, or a family is universal.[湖北新高考联考协作体2022期末·改编]
to
解析 句意为: 形成、发展和维持关系以及对一个团体、团队或家庭有归属感是普遍存在的基本需求。belong to意为“属于”。故填to。
7.The buses, most of which were already full, ________________ （surround） by an angry crowd.
were surrounded
解析 句意为：这些公共汽车中的大部分已经坐满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围了。surround 在此是主句的谓语动词，与主句的主语The buses之间是被动关系，且主句的主语为复数，主句的谓语应用复数形式，根据前面从句中的were可知，主句应用一般过去时。故填were surrounded。
8.When I came home last night, I saw my kid _______ （seat） on the bed, with his whole attention fixed upon the book.
seated
解析 句意为：昨晚我回到家时，看到我的孩子坐在床上，全神贯注地看那本书。 seat与宾语my kid之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填seated。
【知识拓展】“see+宾语+宾补”结构
在该结构中，既可以用动词不定式，也可以用现在分词及过去分词作宾补，但动词不定式通常省略不定式符号to。用动词不定式作宾补，表示动作发生了（即动作的全过程结束了）；用现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束）；用过去分词作宾补，表示被动、完成。如：I saw him enter the classroom.我看到他走进了教室。
9.The theatre _____ （build） more than 300 years ago has become a well-known tourist attraction.
built
解析 句子谓语部分为has become，设空处为后置定语，修饰The theatre；The theatre与build之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且此处表示已经完成的动作，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填built。
10.I believe I will make new friends here and I have a lot __________ （explore） in university.
to explore
解析 根据语境可知，此处表示将要发生的事情，应用不定式作后置定语。故填to explore。
根据提示补全句子。
1.我们去了珠宝店，那里有太多的项链可供选择，我不知道该买哪条。（there be 句型）
We went to the jewellery store, where ______ ______ ____ ______ _________ ___ _______ ______, and I was at a loss which to buy.
there
were
too
many
necklaces
to
choose
from
2.睡眠不好可能会导致暴饮暴食，因为你在寻找能量来缓解疲劳。（result）
Poor sleep may ______ ___ __________, as you seek energy to relieve your tiredness.
result
in
overeating
3.正是通过保罗，我们第一次听说了那个被称为软件专家的人。（refer to； 非谓语动词）
It was from Paul that we first heard of the man ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ in software.
[答案] referred to as a specialist/an expert
4.在我看来，我们应该尽快找到一种解决这个问题的方法。（get+宾语+宾补）
In my opinion, we should find a way ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ as fast as possible.
[答案] to get/of getting the problem solved
5.端午节是中国一年一度的传统节日，它的历史可以追溯到大约两千年前,在农历的五月初五。（date back to； 非谓语动词）
The Dragon Boat Festival, an annual traditional festival in China _______ _____ ___ ______ ______ ______ _____, falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
dating
back
to
about
2,000
years
ago
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England are names 1__________ confuse many people. You can solve 2________ puzzle if you study British history.
In the 16th century, Wales 3___________ （join） to the Kingdom of England. Scotland was added in the 18th century, forming the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, they got Ireland 4__________ （connect） to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. But the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, resulting in the full name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, or the UK 5____ short.
The four countries 6__________ （belong） to the UK use the same flag called the Union Jack and work together in some areas, such as the currency and international relations. But they still have different education systems and legal systems, even their own traditions.
Throughout history, four invaders took over at different 7______ （time）.They were the Romans, the Anglo-Saxons, the Vikings and the Normans. They left the towns, roads, castles built all around England; they also influenced the English vocabulary.
which/that
the/this
was joined
connected
for
belonging
times
The capital city, London, 8___（be） an ancient port city dating back to Roman times. In the UK there are 9_________ （count） cultural relics to explore. Keep your eyes open, and you will be 10________ （amaze） to find that it is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture.
is
countless
amazed
1.__________
which/that
解析 _____ confuse many people在此处是限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指代前面的names，先行词指物，所以应用关系代词which/that。
2.________
the/this
解析 puzzle在此处是名词，此处特指前面提到的困惑，所以应用定冠词修饰。此处也可填指示代词this，指代前面提到的困惑。故填the/this。
3.___________
was joined
解析 join… to… 意为“把……和……连起来”。设空处在此处是谓语，join与主语Wales之间是被动关系，Wales为单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；结合时间状语In the 16th century可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
4.__________
connected
解析 此处应用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，connect与Ireland之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词。故填connected。
5.____
for
解析 for short 为固定搭配，意为“简称”。故填for。
6.__________
belonging
解析 分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，belong与The four countries之间是逻辑上的主动关系， 所以应用现在分词。故填belonging。
7.______
times
解析 time在此处意为“时代;时期”，是可数名词，前有different 修饰，所以应用复数形式。故填times。
8.___
is
解析 be在此处是谓语动词，主语是The capital city，为单数概念，此处介绍的是客观情况，所以应用一般现在时。故填is。
9._________
countless
解析 句意为：在英国，有数不尽的文物等待探索。设空处修饰名词短语应用形容词，countless意为“无数的”，符合语境。
10.________
amazed
解析 此处修饰人，意为“惊讶的”，应用amazed。
[山东烟台、德州2022高一期中] 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“An ancient culture dating back more than 5,000 years proved China's early exchanges with other societies,” experts say.
Experts believe the Majiayao Culture had a close 1__________ （connect） with other various cultures. They put it forward at a recent meeting 2__________ was held in Gansu Province. With more than 5,000 years of history, it plays an important role in the development of the Chinese civilisation （文明）.This culture spread to Central Asia through 3______ is now China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 4________ （bring） rice from China to the West.
connection
which/that
what
bringing
The Swedish expert Andersson first 5___________ （investigate） the sites in 1924.In the 1940s, Xia Nai named the sites after the Majiayao, with painted pottery （彩陶） as 6____ （it） most special feature. Some experts point out that the Majiayao Culture 7__________（obvious） shares similarities with the cultures of some parts of the Black Sea. People from these cultures used pottery 8_________ （make） human head sculptures.9___ addition, some Central Asian features also appeared on the painted pottery of the Majiayao. Actions 10________________（take） to protect the Majiayao Culture by building museums, organising meetings and doing more research so far.
investigated
its
obviously
to make
In
have been taken
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了专家在一次会议上提出马家窑文化与其他多种文化有着密切的联系，该文化通过现在的中国新疆维吾尔自治区传播到中亚，将大米从中国带到了西方，证明了中国早期与其他社会的交流，它在中华文明的发展中起着重要的作用。
1.__________
connection
解析 句意为：专家们认为，马家窑文化与其他多种文化有着密切的联系。空前a为不定冠词，close为形容词，所填词应是名词。故填connection。
2.__________
which/that
解析 句意为：他们在最近在甘肃省举行的一次会议上提出了这个观点。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰a recent meeting，先行词指物，引导词在从句中作主语。故填which/that。
3.______
what
解析 句意为：该文化通过现在的中国新疆维吾尔自治区传播到中亚，将大米从中国带到了西方。空前的through为介词，设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语；结合语境可知，从句主语指代物，表示“……的地方”，应用what引导该从句。故填what。
4.________
bringing
解析 句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，主句中已有谓语动词，此处应用非谓语形式；bring和主句的主语This culture之间为逻辑上的主动关系。故填bringing。
5.___________
investigated
解析 句意为：瑞典专家安德松于1924年首次调查该遗址。分析句子结构可知，设空处是句子的谓语动词，结合时间状语in 1924可知，应用一般过去时。故填investigated。
6.____
its
解析 句意为：20世纪40年代，夏鼐以马家窑命名这些遗址，该遗址最具特色的是彩陶。most special feature为名词短语，设空处应用形容词性物主代词作其定语。故填its。
7.__________
obviously
解析 句意为：一些专家指出，马家窑文化显然与黑海某些地区的文化有相似之处。设空处修饰动词shares，应用副词。故填obviously。
8._________
to make
解析 句意为：来自这些文化的人们用陶器制作人头雕塑。use sth to do sth表示“使用某物做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to make。
9.___
In
解析 句意为：此外，马家窑彩陶上还出现了一些中亚特色。in addition为固定短语，意为“另外；此外”。句首单词首字母大写。故填In。
10.________________
have been taken
解析 句意为：到目前为止，已经采取了建造博物馆、组织会议和做更多研究的行动来保护马家窑文化。设空处为句子的谓语，结合时间状语so far可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示动作的延续；且动词take与主语Actions之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态；主语为复数概念，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have been taken。
01
Period Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
A
Few people are aware that Waterloo Bridge, crossed by thousands of daily commuters （通勤者） and celebrated as a London landmark, was mainly built by a female workforce.
There are no written or photographic records of the women who built the bridge since the construction company that built it closed in the 1980s and with it went all the records. What's left is anecdotal evidence, kept alive by the tourist boat skippers who have called it the Ladies Bridge.
During the Second World War, with the majority of the active male labour force away at the front, women increasingly took on traditionally male roles. By 1944, 25,000 women were working in the construction industry, carrying out back-breaking tasks. These women were permitted to carry out this exhausting and dangerous work on the basis that it would only be temporary and that their pay would be lower than that of men. So the surge （激增） in women working in construction and engineering did not continue after the war.
September sees a series of events celebrating the unknown work of the large female workforce. Musician Claudia Molitor has created a 40-minute musical entitled “The Singing Bridge”, which runs at Somerset House from Sept.9th to Sept.25th. In late September, the “Light Up The Ladies Bridge” event saw the National Theatre's fly tower lit up by large-scale photographic projections （投影图） of female construction workers working in construction during the Second World War.
Let's all celebrate the women who have helped to build the cities in which we live.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了滑铁卢桥主要是由女性工人建造的，并表达了对女性工作者的歌颂。
1.Why do few people know about the builders of Waterloo Bridge ( )
A
A.The records of their work have been lost. B.Female workers received little attention.
C.The construction took place long ago. D.Few people know about the bridge.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的There are no written or photographic records of the women who built the bridge since the construction company that built it closed in the 1980s and with it went all the records.可知，随着最初建造该桥的建筑公司的倒闭，关于滑铁卢桥建造者的记录都消失了。故选A项。
2.What can we infer from the fourth paragraph ( )
C
A.There are less female workers in London.
B.Waterloo Bridge is popular among artists.
C.The story of Waterloo Bridge builders is better-known now.
D.Many works of art were created during World War Ⅱ.
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的September sees a series of events celebrating the unknown work of the large female workforce.以及本段的活动介绍可知，人们举办了活动以歌颂滑铁卢桥的建造者，由此可推断关于滑铁卢桥建造者的故事如今更广为人知。故选C项。
3.Why did London women do the construction work ( )
C
A.It was a tradition in London. B.They wanted to get a steady job.
C.Most men had gone to the battlefield. D.The company offered them better pay.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的During the Second World War, with the majority of the active male labour force away at the front, women increasingly took on traditionally male roles.可知，第二次世界大战期间，女性从事建筑行业的工作是因为大部分男性都去了前线，故选C项。
4.Which can be the best title for the text ( )
D
A.Female Workers on the Rise B.A Hidden Treasure in London
C.A New London Landmark D.The Story Behind the Ladies Bridge
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段Few people are aware that Waterloo Bridge, crossed by thousands of daily commuters and celebrated as a London landmark, was mainly built by a female workforce.可知，本文介绍了滑铁卢桥主要是由女性工人建造的这一故事。故选D项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
carry out实施；执行；落实；完成（任务）
熟词生义
see 熟义：vi.& vt.看见 vt.观看
生义：vt.为……发生的时间；为……发生的地点 vt.& vi.理解
[黑龙江大庆实验中学2022高一期末] B
The commonly held view is that people arrived in North America from Asia via a land bridge once connecting the two continents. But recent discoveries have suggested humans might have been there earlier. Researchers studying fossilised （变成化石） human footprints in New Mexico say that humans were there at least 23,000 years ago.
Matthew Bennett, a specialist in ancient footprints, and his colleagues studied 61 footprints by radiocarbon （放射性碳） dating layers of aquatic （水生的） plant seeds preserved above and below the footprints, which were correctly dated at 21,000 to 23,000 years old. The people who made the footprints were living there in the Last Glacial Maximum when two huge ice sheets covering the continent and cold temperatures would have made a journey between Asia and Alaska impossible, indicating humans must have been there much earlier than previously thought.
According to their analysis, the footprints were likely made in soft ground at the edge of a wetland by children who were sent to do the work like fetching and carrying for adults. Wind probably blew dust over the surface, accumulating （堆积） in the prints, thus, leaving footprints that were previously recorded.
Their findings also make it possible to explore the older and more controversial （有争议的） sites in a different light. One such site is Chiquihuite Cave in central Mexico, where stone tools dating back to 30,000 years ago have been found.
David Rachal, an uninvolved but experienced geoarchaeologist （地质考古学家）, thought the footprint dates provided by Bennett and his team looked “solid”, with seeds providing very reliable and exact ages through radiocarbon dating.“You could not ask for a better set-up,” said Rachal. However, he was puzzled that no artefacts, such as stone tools, had been found in the area. He thought it was just a theme that would inspire others to explore further.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过研究在新墨西哥州发现的古代足迹，认为人类抵达北美的时间比之前认为的要更早。
1.What is the most important evidence dating the time in the passage ( )
A
A.The aquatic plant seeds. B.The researchers' analysis.
C.The stone tools. D.The huge ice sheets.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Matthew Bennett… studied 61 footprints by radiocarbon dating layers of aquatic plant seeds preserved above and below the footprints… 可知，文章中追溯时间最重要的证据是水生生物的种子。故选A项。
2.Why does the author mention Chiquihuite Cave in central Mexico ( )
B
A.To introduce a historical site.
B.To show the significance of studying the footprints.
C.To compare geoarchaeological discoveries.
D.To explain the course of making a discovery.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的内容可知，作者提及奇基韦特洞穴是为了表明研究古代足迹的意义。故选B项。
3.What's David Rachal's attitude towards the new discovery ( )
D
A.Unconcerned and uncertain. B.Doubtful and dissatisfied.
C.Negative but curious. D.Favourable but confused.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的David Rachal, an uninvolved but experienced geoarchaeologist, thought the footprint dates provided by Bennett and his team looked “solid”, with seeds providing very reliable and exact ages through radiocarbon dating.及However, he was puzzled that no artefacts, such as stone tools, had been found in the area.可知，戴维·雷恰尔对这项发现持赞同但又困惑的态度。故选D项。
4.What is the passage mainly about ( )
C
A.The discovery of human footprints.
B.Scientific methods of dating footprints.
C.The earlier arrival of people in North America.
D.A discussion on human history among researchers.
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的But recent discoveries have suggested humans might have been there earlier.Researchers studying fossilised human footprints in New Mexico say that humans were there at least 23,000 years ago.及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员通过研究在新墨西哥州发现的古代足迹，认为人类抵达北美的时间比之前认为的要更早。故选C项。
长难句分析
句意：研究古代足迹的专家马修·本内特和他的同事们对61个脚印进行了研究，经过对脚印上下保存的几层水生生物种子进行放射性碳年代测定，这些脚印的年代被准确确定为距今2.3万年至2.1万年之间。
England is the biggest of the four countries in the United Kingdom. Over 50 million people live in England, which is around 80% of the total UK population.
1. . It is spoken today by billions of people all over the world. Many students from other countries go to England to study the language and learn about the culture. Although everyone speaks English, there are many different accents around the country. French was the official language in England between 1066 and 1362. 2. .
The English people love music. 3. . Glastonbury Festival is a five-day festival of music, dance, comedy, and theatre and around 175,000 people go there. Many people stay at the festivals for a few days and they camp. People listen to all types of music, especially pop and rock. England has produced many international music groups and singers.
The most popular sports in England are football, rugby and cricket. Most towns have a football, rugby and cricket ground where teams can play. 4. . Women's football is also popular. Cricket is a traditional sport played with a bat and a ball. People like to watch all these sports on TV.
A
F
E
G
England is a multicultural country. 5. . Indian, Chinese and Italian foods are popular. Traditional English food includes fish and chips, roast beef, sausages and mashed potatoes. Many English people drink several cups of tea every day, usually with milk. However, different types of coffee are also popular.
B
A.The official language of England is English.
B.This has a big influence on the food people eat.
C.The lion is the symbol of many English sports teams.
D.It is a fact that English is accepted as an international language.
E.In the summer you can go to music festivals all over the country.
F.This is why there are many French words and expressions in English.
G.English football teams like Manchester United, Chelsea and Liverpool are world-famous.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英格兰的相关情况，包括人口、语言、人们对音乐的热爱、受欢迎的运动、食物等。
1.___
A
解析 空后一句提到“现在在全世界有数十亿的人说它”，由此可知设空处内容与语言相关，且提及It指代的具体内容。再分析A、D、F项可知A项符合语境。故选A项。
2.___
F
解析 空前一句提到“在1066年到1362年间，法语是英格兰的官方语言”，说明原因；F项中的This is why表示结果。两个句子之间是因果关系。故选F项。
3.___
E
解析 上文中的music和下文中的a five-day festival及the festivals与E项中的music festivals 是词汇复现。故选E项。
4.___
G
解析 该段的主题是英格兰最受欢迎的运动。该段首句提到 “在英格兰最受欢迎的运动是足球、橄榄球和板球”；G项（像曼联、切尔西和利物浦这样的英格兰足球队是世界闻名的）说明了英格兰足球的影响力，是对首句的进一步说明。故选G项。
5.___
B
解析 下文提到的Indian, Chinese and Italian foods和Traditional English food都是谈论英格兰人吃的食物，分析选项可知B项与食物相关，B项中的food与空后的foods是词汇复现。故选B项。
词汇加油站
熟词生义
around 熟义：prep.围绕；在那边；到处 adv.周围；到处生义：adv.大约
词缀拓展
multi- prefix 多于一的；多个的
multicultural adj.多元文化的；融合多种文化的
02
Period Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures—Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.As the Spring Festival was approaching, the children were looking forward ________ （eager） to meeting their grandparents in the hometown.
eagerly
解析 句意为：随着春节的临近，孩子们热切地盼望见到在家乡的祖父母。此处修饰动词短语looking forward to,作状语,应用副词。故填eagerly。
2.He made the _____________ （announce） at the conference that the company would be closing.
announcement
解析 句意为：他在会上宣布公司将要关闭。设空处作made的宾语,其前有定冠词the修饰，应用名词announcement。
3.These charities depend on the sympathetic （同情的） feelings and __________ （generous） of the general public.
generosity
解析 and为并列连词，连接feelings和设空处，作介词on的并列宾语，故设空处填名词generosity。注意generosity为不可数名词。
4.The foreigner who had been living here for many years knew local ________ （custom） very well.
customs
解析 local在此处为形容词，应修饰名词，根据语境可知，此处指“不止一种当地的习俗”，故此处用复数形式。故填customs。
5.They had to leave their 3-year-old daughter ________ their parents' charge when they were busy with their work.
in/under
解析 句意为：忙于工作时，他们不得不将三岁的女儿留给父母照看。in/under sb's charge意为“由某人照料”，为固定搭配。故填in/under。
6.This may be a short-sighted approach ___ the problem of global warming.
to
解析 句意为：这也许并非解决全球变暖问题的长久之计。approach to… 为固定搭配，意为“……的方法”。故填to。
7.___ huge amount of environmental damage has been caused by human activity.
A
解析 句意为：人类活动已经造成了大量的环境破坏。a huge amount of 意为“大量的”，后接不可数名词。故填A。
8.The gardens of Suzhou are extremely elegant （漂亮雅致的） and a feast ____ the senses.
for
解析 a feast for… 为固定用法，意为“对……来说是一种特别的享受”。故填for。
9.The government calls on us to avoid visiting _________ （crowd） areas and medical institutions unless it is necessary.
crowded
解析 句意为：政府呼吁我们，除非必要，避免去拥挤的地区和医疗机构。crowded意为“拥挤的”。故填crowded。
10.___ is surprising that it took 13 years for the sequel （续集） to Avatar to be put onto the big screen.
It
解析 句意为：令人惊讶的是电影《阿凡达》的续集花了13年才被搬上大银幕。that引导的从句为主语从句，故此处需要用It作形式主语。故填It。
根据提示补全句子。
1.随着假期的临近，越来越多的人计划旅游。（with复合结构； approach）
______ ____ ________ ____________, more and more people plan to go travelling.
With
the
holiday
approaching
2.我们的人生起起落落，这也就是为什么保持乐观的态度并不容易。（make up； 非限制性定语从句）
Ups and downs ______ ____ ____ ____, _______ ___ _____ it is not easy to maintain an optimistic attitude.
make
up
our
life
which
is
why
3.迄今为止，第三次工业革命对人类产生了很大的影响。（influence）
The third industrial revolution ____ _____ ___ ______ _________ ________ the human race so far.
has
had
a
great
influence
on/upon
4.如果你待人真诚的话，你更可能交到一些亲密的朋友。（likely）
_____ ____ ______ ______ ___ ____________ some close friends if you treat people sincerely.
You
are
more
likely
to
make/acquire
5.青少年时期养成的好习惯非常重要。（过去分词作后置定语）
Good habits ________________ ___ ______ make all the difference.
formed/developed
in
youth
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
One way that I keep all the good memories is to have a lot of photos 1. . （take）.I went to several countries for travelling this year. Before setting off on my journey, I felt a little 2. . （stress）.This photo was taken when I was in my first stop, Thailand. My shirt 3. . （print） with brightly coloured flowers made it easy for me to be recognised. I got 4. . （lose） and was asking a person for help. In Thailand, the normal greeting is a slight bow with palms 5. . （press） together. So I was making this gesture, but soon I found myself 6. . （refuse） by him because he was not a local either. This one was taken when I was in Canada. The 7. . （fall） leaves on the ground made the street even more beautiful. I happened to see my favourite singer in the distance, so I shouted aloud to make myself 8. . （hear）.It's funny to see my mouth wide open in such a picturesque setting. I am now eager to have these photos 9. . （develop） to send them to my mother. She has a wall in her house 10. . （decorate） with the photos I sent her. Thus, the photos also help share my travelling experiences with my dear mother.
taken
stressed
printed
lost
pressed
refused
fallen
heard
developed
decorated
1.______
taken
解析 句意为：我保存所有美好回忆的一种方法就是照很多的照片。photos和take之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，此处应用过去分词作宾补。have sth done表示“使某事被做”。故填taken。
2.________
stressed
解析 此处指人“紧张的”，故填stressed。
3._______
printed
解析 句意为：我的衬衫上印着鲜艳的花朵，很容易被认出来。My shirt与print之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以此处用过去分词作后置定语。故填printed。
4._____
lost
解析 此处got为连系动词，后接形容词、过去分词等，表示“使某人处于某种状态”。get lost意为“迷路”。故填lost。
5.________
pressed
解析 句意为：在泰国，通常打招呼的方式是双手合十，微微鞠躬。此处是“with+宾语+宾补”结构，palms和press之间为逻辑上的被动关系。故填pressed。
6.________
refused
解析 此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构。myself和refuse之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。故填refused。
7.______
fallen
解析 由on the ground可知，树叶已经落在地上了，此处表示已经完成的动作，因此用过去分词作定语。故填fallen。
8.______
heard
解析 此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，myself与hear之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。make oneself heard意为“让自己被别人听见”。故填heard。
9.__________
developed
解析 此处develop是“冲洗（胶片）”的意思，为及物动词。此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，photos和develop之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式。
【知识拓展】develop熟词生义
熟义：vi.& vt.（使）成长；（使）发展 vt.形成；产生
生义：vt.显像；冲洗（胶片） vi.& vt.患病
10._________
decorated
解析 此处a wall与decorate之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填decorated。
[辽宁重点高中强基协作体2023高一期末] 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has a rich history and profound culture, including clothing.1. .（it） traditional hanfu, which has long been neglected by the public, is making a comeback nowadays.
As one of China's largest hanfu-themed 2. . （event）, the HanFu Cultural Festival 3. . （hold） annually in Xitang historic town, Zhejiang Province. According to statistics from the organiser, tens of thousands visitors attended the festival last year, many of 4. . were hanfu-wearing enthusiasts. Now, people who appreciate the traditional hanfu call each other tong pao, which is 5. . （original） from the collection of ancient Chinese poems The Book of Songs.6. . （forbid） during China's last feudal （封建的） dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, hanfu has been little known 7. . the public for many decades.
Its
events
is held
whom
originally
Forbidden
to
Nowadays, both the government and the public are attaching great importance to the promotion and 8. . （educate） of traditional Chinese culture.Tong pao 9. . （rise） in number over the past 20 years since a worker named Wang Letian made a hanfu-style suit and wore it in public in 2003.
The regular hanfu-themed event in Xitang has become 10. . major platform for hanfu culture promotion as well as a calling card of Xitang's tourism.
education
has risen
a
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了汉服越来越流行，汉服爱好者越来越多的文化现象。
1.____
Its
解析 句意为：它的传统汉服长期以来一直被公众忽视，如今正再度受到欢迎。分析句意可知，此处需要用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词短语traditional hanfu，设空处位于句首，单词首字母大写。故填Its。
2._______
events
解析 句意为：作为中国最大的汉服主题活动之一，汉服文化周每年在浙江省西塘古镇举行。此处为“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构，故设空处应填名词复数。故填events。
3._______
is held
解析 句意见上一题解析。分析句意可知，动词hold与主语the HanFu Cultural Festival之间构成被动关系，设空处需要使用被动语态；根据时间状语annually可知应使用一般现在时。故填is held。
4._______
whom
解析 句意为：据主办方统计，去年共有数万名游客参加了汉服文化周，其中许多人是汉服爱好者。分析句子结构可知，此处为“many of +关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词visitors指人，且设空处在介词of之后，需要使用关系代词whom。故填whom。
5._________
originally
解析 句意为：现在，喜欢传统汉服的人们互称“同袍”，“同袍”一词最初来源于中国古代诗歌总集《诗经》。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作状语，应用副词，修饰介词短语。故填originally。
6.__________
Forbidden
解析 句意为：中国最后一个封建王朝清朝禁止人们身着汉服，几十年来，汉服很少为公众所知。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语，设空处应用非谓语动词；此处在句中作状语，forbid和其逻辑主语hanfu之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填Forbidden。
7.___
to
解析 句意见上一题解析。固定短语be known to sb意为“为某人所知”。故填to。
8._________
education
解析 句意为：如今，政府和民众非常重视中国传统文化的宣传和教育。设空处与名词promotion并列作介词to的宾语，故此处也应用名词。故填education。
9._________
has risen
解析 句意为：自从2003年一位名叫王乐天的工人制作了一套汉服并在公众场合穿着这套汉服之后，过去20年里，同袍的数量不断增加。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处需要使用现在完成时；主句主语为Tong pao，为一个群体，属于单数概念，主句谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填has risen。
10.___
a
解析 句意为：西塘定期举办的汉服主题活动已成为汉服文化推广的主要平台，也是西塘旅游业的一张名片。此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且major的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
02
Period Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures—Reading for Writing
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
[湖南邵阳2023高一期中] A
Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about it. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from the Netherlands did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity.Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake.
Tea remained scarce （稀少的） and very expensive in England until it was directly brought to Britain from China early in the 17th century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.
Tea had been drunk without milk in it at first, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sévigné decided to see what tea would taste like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never drink her tea without milk again. She was such a great lady that her friends thought they must copy everything she did. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.
At first tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess （公爵夫人） found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o'clock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her and so, teatime was born.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国茶文化的历史。
1.What is the purpose of the text ( )
A
A.To introduce British tea culture. B.To persuade people to drink tea.
C.To describe an English woman. D.To advertise English afternoon tea.
解析 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，文章以茶文化在中国的普及引入话题，介绍了茶文化在英国的兴起、发展以及英式下午茶的由来，故本文是一篇介绍英国茶文化的说明文，其写作目的是让人们了解英国的茶文化。故选A项。
2.When did tea become a popular drink in Britain ( )
A
A.In the 17th century. B.In the early 18th century.
C.In the late 18th century. D.In the 19th century.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until it was directly brought to Britain from China… many people could afford to buy it.可知，在17世纪初期，茶叶直接从中国被带到英国，接下来几年大量茶叶涌入英国，造成茶叶的价格下跌，许多人能够买得起茶叶，茶叶因此开始流行起来。故选A项。
3.What do the underlined words “this habit” in Paragraph 3 refer to ( )
C
A.Drinking tea after dinner. B.Drinking tea in the afternoon.
C.Drinking tea with milk in it. D.Drinking tea without milk in it.
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子上文可知，德·塞维涅夫人最先开始在茶中加入牛奶饮用，她的朋友们也效仿她的这种做法，慢慢“这种习惯”传到英格兰并变得流行，如今许多英国人都习惯在茶里加入牛奶饮用，所以this habit指的是“喝茶时加入牛奶”。故选C项。
4.What is the last paragraph mainly about ( )
B
A.The history of tea in Britain. B.The birth of teatime.
C.The ways of making tea. D.The habit of drinking tea.
解析 主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是最后一句中的so， teatime was born可知，最后一段主要介绍了茶的饮用时间是如何从晚餐后改到下午的，也就是下午茶的由来。故选B项。
词汇加油站
熟词生义
curiosity 熟义：n.［单数，U］好奇心 生义：n.［C］奇品，珍品
[山西高中教育发展联盟2023高一联考] B
The cultures of the East and the West are really different from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate ones on the whole.
The origin of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers—the Yellow River in China and the Indus River in India. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain—the Mesopotamian Civilisation. This civilisation later on developed into the cultures of ancient Greece and ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't have much difference from the European culture.
At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic （象形文字的） language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what's more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the two cultures seldom communicated until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.
The differences are everywhere. They are obvious and make people's ways of thinking and their views of the world different. But different cultures make the world of the 21st century more colourful. The cultural difference should not be the obstacle （障碍） to the civilisation of human beings. It ought to be the driving force of our going farther.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了东西方文化的不同是因为二者的文化系统在整体上是两个独立的系统。东方文明源自于中国和印度，而西方文明源自于古希腊和古罗马，同时，语言等方面的不同也造成了文化差异。
1.Why is the American culture similar to the European culture ( )
C
A.Both of the two cultures have a very long history.
B.They have the same mother rivers as the Chinese culture.
C.The early settlers from Britain brought their culture to America.
D.Both the British and the American live along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.
解析 细节理解题。由第三段中的When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean.So the American culture doesn't have much difference from the European culture.可知，美国文化与欧洲文化相似是因为早期来自英国的定居者将他们的文化带到了美国。故选C项。
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “interference” in Paragraph 4 ( )
B
A.Difference. B.Influence. C.Confidence. D.Environment.
解析 词义猜测题。由第四段中的due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the two cultures seldom communicated until recent centuries可知，由于距离远和东西方之间的陡峭区域，两种文化在最近几个世纪以前很少交流。由此可推知，这两种文化在发展的过程中不会对彼此产生影响，而是以自己的方式发展。故可推知画线词在此处意为“干涉；干预”，与B项意思相近。故选B项。
3.Where is the passage most likely from ( )
B
A.A diary. B.A magazine. C.A novel. D.A guidebook.
解析 推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，东西方文化不同，是因为二者的文化系统在整体上是独立的，所以文章是关于文化差异的，这样的文章可能在杂志上出现，故选B项。
4.What can be the best title for the text ( )
D
A.What Causes Different Life Between the East and the West
B.What Causes Diet Differences Between the East and the West
C.What Causes Different Views Between the East and the West
D.What Causes Cultural Differences Between the East and the West
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容以及倒数第二段中的At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences.可知，本文主要介绍了是什么导致了东方和西方的文化有所不同，故选D项。
词汇加油站
进阶词汇
1.separate adj.独立的；分开的；不受影响的
2.on the whole总的看来，总体而言
3.driving force 驱动力；推动力
熟词生义
count 熟义：vt.计数 vi.数数 生义：vi.重要；有价值
[河南周口2023高一期末] I remember to this day the feeling of the cold wind causing my ears to hurt. However, that didn't . .1. . me at that time. It was Hogmanay, the New Year's Eve in Scotland, and the bays of the town were carrying out the . .2. . of going from house to house on this special evening.
It is thought that the tradition came from the Vikings who were settlers in the Western Isles. Honestly, that wasn't . .3. . to me. I was out and about having . .4. ..
There were about 25 houses to visit in my town of North Boisdale. The start time was 19:00 and all the boys would . .5. . at one end of the town and begin to . .6. . each house. Each person had a pillowcase （枕头套） that would be filled with goodies （好吃的东西） . .7. . from householders.
Outside each house one person would ask the man of the house for permission （许可） to . .8. ..Once inside the house a candle would be lit by the oldest boy in the group and . .9. . the candle would be passed round all family members. After that, the mother of the house would bring out the . .10. .: fruit, biscuits and of course sweets. On . .11. . each house the oldest boy in the group would . .12. . the family luck in the coming year.
After being to each house the pillowcases would be . .13. . and heavy and it was at the last house that the fun began. The pillowcases would be . .14. . and the goodies shared out equally.
The last house would also provide a small party that would . .15. . before midnight so all the boys were home before the bells.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者描述了自己所在的小镇在除夕夜的传统习俗。
1.( )A.trouble B.interest C.fit D.harm
A
解析 However表示转折，上文说作者的耳朵被冻得很疼，此处表示但作者并没有被这种情况所困扰。故选A项。
2.( )A.test B.service C.tradition D.programme
C
解析 根据下文中的It is thought that the tradition came from the Vikings… 可知，该传统源自维京人生活的时代，即上文提到的Hogmanay。故选C项。
3.( )A.new B.possible C.wise D.important
D
解析 空前的that指代该传统的起源。根据下文中的I was out and about having _____.可知，作者在外面玩得很开心，所以这种传统的起源对作者来说并不重要。故选D项。
4.( )A.success B.experience C.fun D.help
C
解析 根据上文中的I was out和下文对除夕夜传统习俗的介绍可知，作者在除夕夜玩得很开心。故选C项。
5.( )A.show off B.look around C.run away D.meet up
D
解析 根据空前的all the boys可知，镇上所有的男孩都会参与除夕夜活动，所以孩子们要先会面，再一起去拜访每一户人家。故选D项。
6.( )A.visit B.clean C.find D.fill
A
解析 根据上文中的There were about 25 houses to visit in my town of North Boisdale.可知，孩子们聚在一起是来拜访每一户人家的。此处为词汇复现。故选A项。
7.( )A.bought B.received C.stolen D.sent
B
解析 根据下文中的After that, the mother of the house would bring out the _____: fruit, biscuits and of course sweets.可知，房子的主人送了很多食物给孩子们，所以他们的枕头套里装满了从住户那里收到的好吃的东西。故选B项。
8.( )A.enter B.shout C.hide D.stop
A
解析 根据空前的Outside each house及下文中的Once inside the house可知，男孩们要征得房子主人的许可方可进入房子。故选A项。
9.( )A.still B.again C.even D.then
D
解析 男孩们进屋后的动作是连续的，先点燃蜡烛，然后再传递蜡烛。用then来衔接事情的发展。故选D项。
10.( )A.bags B.gifts C.pictures D.candles
B
解析 根据下文中的fruit, biscuits and of course sweets可知，这家的母亲拿出招待大家的礼物。故选B项。
11.( )A.searching B.leaving C.painting D.protecting
B
解析 由上文语境可知，男孩们先进入一户人家，点燃蜡烛，传递蜡烛，接受礼物。按照时间顺序，最后在他们离开时，最年长的男孩会送上祝福。故选B项。
12.( )A.give B.promise C.lend D.wish
D
解析 根据空后的the family luck in the coming year可知，男孩们离开这户人家时，最年长的男孩会祝福这一家人好运。此处用wish表示“祝愿”。故选D项。
13.( )A.safe B.full C.warm D.open
B
解析 根据上文中的Each person had a pillowcase that would be filled with goodies和空后的heavy可知，枕头套里会被装满好吃的，变得又满又重。故选B项。
14.( )A.discovered B.remembered C.emptied D.accepted
C
解析 根据空后的the goodies shared out equally可知，枕头套中的好吃的被平均分了，所以男孩们要先把枕头套倒空，再进行分配。故选C项。
15.( )A.begin B.finish C.continue D.change
B
解析 根据空后的so all the boys were home before the bells可知，所有的男孩们要在钟声响起之前回家，所以这个小型聚会要在午夜前结束，好让男孩们回家。故选B项。
03
单元限时小卷
建议用时：54分钟
[四川树德中学2023高一月考] “Can we eat this one, Dad ” my four-year-old daughter, Alicia, asks. We're on one of our Thursday adventures, searching the nearby woods for eatable mushrooms. She's pointing at a bright-red cap covered with white dots. I pull out my handy mushroom-identification app, which notes that Amanita muscaria, while eatable if prepared properly, is also a known hallucinogen （致幻剂）.I have a firm “tell them the truth and be as precise as possible” philosophy and explain what the app says, and that I don't think our Thursday adventures are ready to get quite that adventurous yet.
Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding, but I've experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point in my life.
Last year, after a winter of practising skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying （when your skis are positioned parellel to each other） her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That winter also witnessed me getting out on the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I've got myself a partner for life.
It's not all easy—but sometimes that's the point. Alicia practises the violin every day, and although she enjoys it, even 15 minutes of practice can upset her. The trick, I've found, is to let her watch me try to get better at something, too. I start taking piano lessons at 41 years old with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practise and then improve, she'll understand that things don't come easy, even for grown-ups. I know there's going to be a time when I'll end up on the sidelines cheering her on as she finds her own passions. I'm okay with this, and I'm hoping that by then she'll carry the joy of practice and knowledge through life.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在陪伴女儿不断尝试学习各种技能的同时，自己也得到了成长，作者希望女儿能够明白没有什么事是可以轻易做到的，即使对成年人来说也是如此。
1.What does the father imply by saying “I've got myself a partner for life” ( )
C
A.It is rewarding to learn new skills. B.Skiing has become his lifelong hobby.
C.He will explore more with his daughter. D.His daughter will accompany him forever.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段内容以及画线部分前的That winter also witnessed me getting out on the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined可知，在女儿学习新技能的时候，作者一直陪伴着女儿，所以作者说找到了一生的搭档的意思是“他将和女儿一起探索更多新事物”。故选C项。
2.Why does the father start learning to play the piano ( )
B
A.To prove it is never too old to learn. B.To set a good example for his daughter.
C.To experience the joy of piano practice. D.To share with his daughter musical knowledge.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的I start taking piano lessons at 41 years old with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practise and then improve, she'll understand that things don't come easy, even for grown-ups.可知，作者开始学弹钢琴是为了给女儿树立一个好榜样。故选B项。
3.Which of the following can best describe the father ( )
B
A.Rigid and humorous. B.Cautious and inspiring.
C.Creative and thoughtful. D.Ambitious and patient.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者在女儿问他一种名为毒蝇伞的毒菇是否可食用时，作者查找识别软件，并认为不能食用这种蘑菇，说明作者是一个谨慎的人；根据最后一段中的I start taking piano lessons at 41 years old with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practise and then improve, she'll understand that things don't come easy, even for grown-ups.可知，作者开始学弹钢琴是为了给女儿树立一个好榜样，说明他是一个能鼓舞人心的人。故选B项。
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text ( )
A
A.The Thrill of Rediscovering Adventure B.Practice Makes Perfect
C.Like Father, Like Daughter D.The Power of Knowledge
解析 主旨大意题。第一段讲述作者和女儿一起历险去采蘑菇，第二段作者表明在看到自己孩子学习新技能的同时，自己也有了成长，第三、四段又分别讲述了陪女儿滑雪和学琴的事，由此可知，本文讲述了作者在女儿不断地尝试学习各种技能的同时，自己也重新发现了冒险，使自己也得到成长。所以“重新发现冒险带来的兴奋感”为最合适的标题，故选A项。
长难句分析
句意：我从41岁开始上钢琴课，我想，如果她看到我努力练习，然后技能有所提升，她就会明白，即使对成年人来说，事情也不容易做。
[河北石家庄二中2023高一期末] Online training is one of the fastest growing parts of the fitness industry. If you're considering joining the online fitness community, consider these benefits and drawbacks.
One of the most popular reasons for working out following an online video is that it offers great convenience. No need to roll out of bed at 5 am to attend that 6 am boot camp class, which may end up being full when you arrive.1. . And what if you're on the road No problem. You can access your workout video through your phone.
2. . Most online fitness programmes are much less expensive than similar offline programmes—most range in cost between?$10 and?$20 per month. Some are even free. For example, the online Les Mills+ programme offers a free 30-day trial of its 1,500-plus workouts.
Online training also has broad offerings. When you head online, you have instructors from around the globe all ready and willing to help you master your favourite movements.3. . Just because there isn't a Krav Maga （以色列近身格斗术） class in your area doesn't mean you can't go online to find one led by qualified instructors.
E
A
C
All these are undoubtedly positive—online training provides fitness resources to general consumers wherever they are, without requiring access to a gym or fitness studio.4. .
Very few online fitness programmes enable the instructor to see you, check your form, and offer corrections based on your performance.5. . This is particularly concerning for beginners, as they're more likely to do incorrectly. Besides, if you struggle with self-motivation and prefer a social workout environment, online fitness may not be for you.
B
G
A.Another is the price.
B.But it's not without problems.
C.The same goes for different types of exercise.
D.However, online personal training isn't for everyone.
E.Instead, you can turn it on at home at your convenience.
F.That being said, online workouts aren't perfect when it comes to safety.
G.This means you could perform exercises wrongly, or even unsafely, without knowing it.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在线健身训练的利与弊。
1.___
E
解析 根据第二段首句One of the most popular reasons… it offers great convenience.可知，本段主要阐述了在线健身训练的优势之一是便捷；同时根据空前的No need to roll out of bed at 5 am to attend that 6 am boot camp class, which may end up being full when you arrive.可知，设空处应与在线健身训练便利性的实际体现有关。E项提到的是实际的例子，符合语境。
2.___
A
解析 根据空后内容可知，本段谈论的是在线健身训练在价格方面的优势。A项能够概括段落的主要内容，同时A项中的Another与第二段首句中的One of the most popular reasons呼应。故选A项。
3.___
C
解析 根据第四段的首句可知，本段主要谈论的是在线健身训练可以提供多样的选择。根据空后的Just because there isn't a Krav Maga class in your area doesn't mean you can't go online to find one led by qualified instructors.可知，此处应是在讲在网上能获得多种多样的健身训练。故选C项。
4.___
B
解析 根据第一段最后一句If you're considering joining the online fitness community, consider these benefits and drawbacks.可知，文章既介绍了在线健身训练的优势，也介绍了在线健身训练的劣势。上文内容介绍的是优势，最后一段介绍的是劣势。因此设空处应填一个承上启下的句子，引出在线健身训练的不足。故选B项。
5.___
G
解析 根据空前的Very few online fitness programmes enable the instructor to see you, check your form, and offer corrections based on your performance.和空后的This is particularly concerning for beginners, as they're more likely to do incorrectly.可知，设空处应是在线健身项目缺乏面对面指导的结果。故选G项。
After lunch, without permission from parents, the two boys set off to explore the part of the beach which lay beyond the headland. They had persuaded their young sister not to . .1. . them, saying that the long walk would be too . .2. . for her. Once they had got in the headland, the beach reached away endlessly before them. It was like . .3. . a new world. There were damp, dark caves to . .4. .; there were many . .5. . among the rocks, full of sea creatures （生物）; and, here and there along the beach were those . .6. . objects, washed up and . .7. . by the tide.
The afternoon passed quickly. The sun was already . .8. . when the boys reluctantly （不情愿地） . .9. . to make their . .10. . homewards. But long before they reached the headland, they could see that the tide had come in so suddenly that they were now . .11. . from either end of the beach. Their only . .12. . of getting away was to find a way up the cliff （悬崖） nearby.
They soon find a narrow path leading to the cliff top. But half way up their path was . .13. . by a large rock which they could not climb over. The two boys had to shout at the top of their voices, . .14. . that someone might appear over the top of the rock, and finally came their father with two policemen. One of them climbed down a . .15. . which was lowered over the rock. The boys were then pulled to safety along the rope, and thus saved from spending a miserable night on the cliff.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了两个男孩独自探险，但是在回来的途中被困到悬崖上，幸好有惊无险，最后获救的故事。
1.( )A.keep B.separate C.take D.join
D
解析 根据设空处后的the long walk would be too _____ for her可判断出，这两个男孩劝说他们的小妹妹不要加入他们，所以join 符合语境。故选D项。
2.( )A.tiring B.exciting C.interesting D.impossible
A
解析 根据设空处前的the long walk可知，这里是说长时间走路对于他们的妹妹来说太累了。故选A项。
3.( )A.inventing B.facing C.enjoying D.imagining
B
解析 根据上文中的before them可知，这里是说两个男孩就好像是面对着一个新世界。face意为“面对”，符合语境。故选B项。
4.( )A.expose B.explore C.hide D.search
B
解析 根据第一段第一句中的the two boys set off to explore the part of the beach可知，他们来这里的目的是探索这个地方，所以explore符合语境。故选B项。
5.( )A.lakes B.rivers C.waterfalls D.pools
D
解析 根据常识可知，海滩边的岩石之间应是些水池，所以pools （水池）符合语境。故选D项。
6.( )A.dirty B.light C.strange D.clean
C
解析 根据上文可知，这两个男孩是来探索这个地方，此处应指一些对于他们来说奇怪的东西，所以strange符合语境。故选C项。
7.( )A.moved B.buried C.beaten D.left
D
解析 根据空前的washed up和空后的tide可知，这些奇怪的东西是被潮水冲上岸而留下的。故选D项。
8.( )A.darkening B.dropping C.going D.setting
D
解析 根据前文的The afternoon passed可知，这里是说太阳已经快要落山了。 set意为“（太阳）落下”，符合语境。故选D项。
9.( )A.forgot B.decided C.remembered D.continued
B
解析 句意为：当这两个男孩不情愿地决定要回家的时候，太阳已经快要落山了。由语境可知，此处指两个男孩决定回家。故选B项。
10.( )A.road B.way C.track D.path
B
解析 make one's way homewards为固定搭配，意为“向某人回家的方向走”。故选B项。
11.( )A.cut off B.left behind C.held back D.put away
A
解析 根据空前的they could see that the tide had come in和下文语境可判断出，他们与沙滩两头隔绝开了。cut off意为“使隔绝”，符合语境。故选A项。
12.( )A.capability B.aim C.chance D.thought
C
解析 根据上文可知，他们陷入了困境；再根据空后的of getting away was to find a way up the cliff nearby可知，此处是说他们脱离困境的唯一机会是找到一条通向悬崖顶部的路。故选C项。
13.( )A.blocked B.covered C.paused D.filled
A
解析 根据空后的which they could not climb over可知，他们的路被挡住了。block 意为“阻挡”，符合语境。故选A项。
14.( )A.dreaming B.guessing C.believing D.hoping
D
解析 根据空前的The two boys had to shout at the top of their voices可知，这两个男孩大声求救，希望有人能出现在这个悬崖顶部来帮助他们。故选D项。
15.( )A.stick B.rope C.chain D.ladder
B
解析 根据下文中的The boys were then pulled to safety along the rope可知，这里是说其中一人顺着绳子爬下来。故选B项。
[福建龙岩一中2022高二开学考试] Confucius, China's most famous teacher and philosopher, was born in 551 BCE near Qufu, in eastern China. Confucius showed a great interest 1___ learning early on.“At 15, I set my heart on learning,” he later told his followers. He studied music, mathematics, the classics, history, and more.
Confucius 2________ （believe） that education and reflection led to virtue. He once worked for the government, but found far 3_______ （great） success as a teacher instead. Confucius broke with tradition in the belief 4_____ all human beings could benefit from education. He gave his support for lifelong learning and attracted 5___ number of followers, 6_____ respectfully called him “Kongfuzi （Master Kong）”.Those pupils recorded his 7_______ （word） in the Analects, a collection of sayings and ideas.
As stated in the Analects, Confucius believed that social harmony would 8_________ （natural） follow from the proper ordering of individuals in relation to one another, with the family unit as the basic building block of society.
in
believed
greater
that
a
who
words
naturally
Confucius 9____________ （ignore） largely in his own day. When he died in 479 BCE, he left behind perhaps 3,000 students, who devoted themselves to preserving and 10_________ （spread） their master's ideas. The Analects has guided governments and individuals for thousands of years, influencing Chinese history and civilisation in the process.
was ignored
spreading
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孔子的生平和事迹。
1.___
in
解析 句意为：孔子很早就对知识表现出浓厚的兴趣。show an interest in… 意为“对……表现出兴趣”，为固定搭配，故填in。
2.________
believed
解析 句意为：孔子认为，教育和深思可以产生美德。设空处为主句的谓语动词，根据全文语境及空后的led可知，主句应用一般过去时，故填believed。
3._______
greater
解析 句意为：他曾经在政府工作过，但发现作为一名教师却要成功得多。根据句意及修饰语far可知，本句含有比较意义，应用比较级，故填greater。
4._____
that
解析 句意为：孔子打破传统，认为所有人都能从教育中受益。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导同位语从句，从句结构和意义完整，故填that。
5.___
a
解析 句意为：他支持终身学习，并吸引了一大批追随者，这些人尊称他为“孔夫子”。短语a number of意为“许多”，故填a。
6._____
who
解析 句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为followers，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。
7._______
words
解析 句意为：那些学生把他的话记录在《论语》中，这是一本格言和思想的作品集。根据句意可知，设空处意为“说的话；话语”，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式，故填words。
8._________
naturally
解析 设空处修饰动词，应用副词作状语，故填naturally。
9.____________
was ignored
解析 句意为：孔子在他所处的时代很大程度上被忽视了。设空处为谓语，根据语境可知，时态为一般过去时，主语和ignore之间是被动关系，主语为Confucius，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填was ignored。
10._________
spreading
解析 句意为：公元前479年他去世时，留下了大约3,000名学生，他们致力于保存和传播他们老师的思想。分析句子结构可知，设空处与preserving并列作介词to的宾语，故填spreading。
[河北张家口2023高一期末] 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Weeks before Thanksgiving arrived, my anxiety about it increased. My husband and I recently made a cross-country move with our young child Jill. Our neighbours were an old couple, Mr Smith and Mrs Smith, who were kind and friendly.
Our new home was in a mess.“We should start thinking about plans for Thanksgiving,” I suggested.“Don't worry about it,” my husband said.“Heat up some hot dogs, maybe with some cheese, and the kid will be happy.” That sounded great. I was in relief!
In the past holidays, I had never been responsible for cooking a full Thanksgiving dinner. My job was always to bring drinks or a side dish （items that had the highest success rate） to a large gathering and help clean up after the meal.
But one day my son Jill happily showed newly-created turkey crafts.“Let's go on a walk and try to find a rock that looks like a turkey!” Jill shouted to me.“Take me on a walk, Mummy!” The excitement was building, and I had a feeling that hot dogs were not going to be enough for my child on Thanksgiving.
“I'm going to try and prepare Thanksgiving food, Leonard,” I said to my husband late one night. He eyed me curiously.“You sure ” Then he said, “Okay, then, if you think you can do it.” I said, “I've got two days to prepare. The grocery store is open twenty-four hours. I'm going to the store!”
Unfortunately, only a huge turkey remained, so I had no choice but to buy a thirty-pound turkey. Early the next morning, I dragged （拖；拽） the bagged turkey home. When my family saw it, they got a big surprise at its size. Seeing the surprise on their faces, I realised there was no way we could finish the turkey. It was too big for my family.“There was only one turkey left in the store,” I explained.“But how could we finish the turkey ” I asked my husband and Jill.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Jill said we could invite our neighbours, Mr and Mrs Smith, to share with us._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Soon, Mr and Mrs Smith came to my house with a big smile on their faces._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作提示】
1.材料导读
材料大意 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在感恩节到来的前几周和丈夫带着年幼的孩子吉尔进行了一次穿越全国的搬迁，搬家后的邻居是一对友好的老夫妇。尽管作者不擅长烹饪,但她仍然想为孩子准备一些感恩节的食物。
故事背景 作者和家人刚刚完成了一次穿越全国的搬家，遇到了友好的邻居；作者第一次认真地着手准备感恩节大餐。
主要角色 作者和家人、邻居史密斯夫妇
写作顺序 时间顺序
需要解决的问题 作者买了一只非常大的火鸡，一家人无法吃完；作者一家刚刚搬到一个新的环境，如何度过第一个感恩节。
2.续写分析
续写第一段（提示句：吉尔说我们可以邀请邻居史密斯夫妇和我们一起分享。） 由续写第一段提示内容可知，第一段可描写作者一家人邀请史密斯夫妇一起来度过感恩节，可以重点描写作者一家人为了迎接史密斯夫妇来做客所做的准备（如打扫房间、准备感恩节大餐等）；可以补充有关史密斯夫妇的细节（如家庭环境、生活日常等）。
续写第二段（提示句：不久，史密斯夫妇带着灿烂的笑容来到我家。） 由续写第二段提示内容可知，史密斯夫妇接受了邀请，一起来到作者家中。第二段可以围绕两家人一起为节日做准备（如史密斯夫妇帮忙准备大餐、帮忙装饰房间等），一起度过了这个感恩节。本段可重点描写和睦的气氛，以及两家人的互动和度过节日的过程中发生的事等。
续写线索 邀请史密斯夫妇一起过感恩节——作者一家为迎接客人做准备——史密斯夫妇来做客，一起帮忙准备大餐——两家人一起愉快地度过节日
3.提分词句
reach an agreement on, be responsible for, in charge of, busy oneself （in） doing sth, make introductions to, be clumsy at, offer to give sb a hand, have a great talent for, make a promise to do sth, 现在分词作状语，介词短语作状语等。
【参考范文】
Jill said we could invite our neighbours, Mr and Mrs Smith, to share with us.“I found the old couple were very lonely because no one had paid a visit to them since we moved here.Besides, I didn't see them buy anything for Thanksgiving,” Jill said.Knowing that, we reached an agreement on inviting the couple.Jill was responsible for the invitation and my husband and I were in charge of dinner.Realising it would take hours to cook, we busied ourselves making an entire dinner.
Soon, Mr and Mrs Smith came to my house with a big smile on their faces.They greeted us and we made introductions to each other.Seeing my husband and I were clumsy at preparing dinner, the couple offered to give us a hand.With the help of them, a fancy dinner was done.Obviously Mrs Smith had a great talent for cooking.As a special treat, I laid out a beautiful red tablecloth, candles and our best china.We gathered around the table, eating delicious Thanksgiving dinner and making a promise to spend Christmas together.