人教版（2019） 必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters单元习题课件 (共122张PPT)

(共122张PPT)
必修第一册
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
01
Period Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Scientists found that eating peppers regularly can lower the risk of ______ （dead） from heart disease.
death
解析 句意为：科学家们发现，经常吃辣椒可以降低死于心脏病的风险。设空处作介词of的宾语，the risk of… 意为“……的风险”，设空处应用名词，故填death。
2.There was the calm ________ （wise） in this old man's words that impressed me when I was confused about my future life.
wisdom
解析 句意为：当我对未来的生活感到困惑时，这位老人话中的那种冷静的智慧给我留下了深刻的印象。此处为“there be+名词”结构，所以设空处应用名词。故填wisdom。
3.It is necessary that we act to stop the ___________ （destroy） of the rainforest.
destruction
解析 句意为：我们有必要采取行动阻止对热带雨林的破坏。设空处前有定冠词the修饰，后接介词of，且设空处作动词stop的宾语，应用名词形式。故填destruction。
4.I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good __________ （breathe）.
to breathe
解析 句意为：我喜欢在夏天早起。呼吸早晨的空气是非常有益的。此处为“名词/代词+be+形容词+不定式”结构，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，该结构中的形容词表示主语的特征或性质。故填to breathe。
5.It rained heavily for three hours in a row, doing great damage ___ the crops.
to
解析 句意为：大雨连续下了三个小时，给庄稼造成了很大的损害。do damage to为固定搭配，意为“对……造成损害”。故填to。
6.It is no wonder the whole building is now in ______ （ruin）; it caught so big a fire last night.
ruins
解析 句意为：难怪整座大楼现在成了一片废墟，昨晚它着了那么大的火。 in ruins 为固定搭配，意为“严重受损；破败不堪”。故填ruins。
7.So heavy was the rain that we had to take shelter ______ it in the supermarket.
from
解析 句意为：雨下得太大了，我们不得不在超市里避雨。take shelter from… 为固定搭配，意为“躲避……”。故填from。
8.________ （bury） himself in reading novels, he didn't notice me enter the room.
Burying
解析 句意为：他埋头于看小说，没注意到我走进了房间。bury oneself in （doing） sth为固定搭配，意为“专注于（做）某事；埋头于（做）某事”，此处为非谓语动词形式作状语，bury与he之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词。故填Burying。
9.After the accident, he kept calm as if nothing_____________ （happen） to him.
had happened
解析 句意为：事故发生后，他保持镇静，好像什么事都没有发生似的。结合语境可知，as if引导的从句应用虚拟语气，此处为对过去的虚拟，从句应用过去完成时。故填had happened。
10.The clock _______ minute hand is missing is passed down from my great-grandmother.
whose
解析 句意为：那座分针不见了的钟是我曾祖母传下来的。分析句子可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The clock，关系词指代先行词在定语从句中作minute hand的定语，意思是“这座钟的分针”，应使用具有所属关系的关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填whose。
根据提示补全句子。
1.听到身后像耳语一样的奇怪声音，他们很害怕，不敢前行。（too… to…； frighten）
Hearing a strange sound like a whisper from behind, they _________ ____ __________ ___ ____ ______.
are/were
too
frightened
to
go
ahead
2.据报道，两名游客被困在山中两天，最终一队警察赶去救了他们。（trap; 名词rescue）
It was reported that two tourists _____ _____ ________ ___ the mountains for two days, and finally a team of policemen ______ ___ ________ _______.
had
been
trapped
in
came
to
their/the
rescue
3.这么多人在这场灾难中伤亡让全国人民都感到震惊。（leave）
The fact that so many people were injured or died in the disaster ____ ____ _______ ________ ________.
left
the
whole
country
shocked
4.食品安全非常重要，所以政府应不遗余力地防止食品污染。（effort）
Food safety is of great importance, so the government should ______ ____ ______ ___ ________ _____ _________.
spare
no
effort
to
prevent
food
pollution
5.安迪患心脏病多年，他无论到哪里，都得带些药。（suffer）
_________ ______ ______ _______ for years, Andy has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
Suffering
from
heart
disease
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Several days before 28 July, 1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan. The water in the village wells rose and fell. Deep cracks appeared in the well walls, and even 1. . （smell） gas was coming out of at least one well. Some animals had unusual behaviour. But people in the city, 2. . were asleep as usual at night, didn't think much of it.
At 3:42 am, on 28 July, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century broke out. It destroyed the city and even caused damage in Beijing. In less than one minute, Tangshan 3. . （lie） in ruins. The number of people who were killed or 4. . （terrible） injured in the quake 5. . （be） more than 400,000.Later that afternoon, another big quake struck Tangshan again. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard 6. . （get）.
smelly
who
lay
terribly
was
to get
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, teams were organised to dig out the trapped and bury the dead. Many more people, 7. . （include） workers and doctors, came to provide help. Through all the 8. . （effort）, the city began to breathe again.
Today, 9. . new Tangshan has been built upon the earthquake ruins, which has proved 10. . the whole world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
including
effort（s）
a
to
1._______
smelly
解析 此处修饰名词gas，应用形容词。smelly意为“有臭味的;有难闻气味的”。故填smelly。
2._____
who
解析 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词who。故填who。
3.____
lay
解析 lie在此处是连系动词，与主语Tangshan之间是主动关系，且因叙述的是过去的事情，所以应用一般过去时，lie作“处于；保持（某种状态）”讲时，过去式是lay。故填lay。
4.________
terribly
解析 设空处修饰形容词injured，应用副词。故填terribly。
5._____
was
解析 分析句子结构可知，设空处是主句中的系动词，主句的主语是The number of people，所以be动词应用单数形式，结合语境可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填was。
6._______
to get
解析 “名词/代词+be+形容词（easy, hard, difficult, heavy, comfortable等）+to do”为固定结构。
【知识拓展】“be+表性质的形容词+不定式”结构
该结构中，不定式的主动形式表被动含义。该结构中的主语与动词之间是逻辑上的被动关系，如果动词是不及物动词则要在其后加介词。
7._________
including
解析 including为介词，意为“包括……在内”。
8.___________
effort（s）
解析 effort作“努力”讲时，既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，且前面有all the修饰，故填effort（s）。
9.___
a
解析 句意为：今天，一个新的唐山已在地震废墟上建立起来，它向全世界证明了，在灾难时刻，人们必须团结起来，展现出智慧，以保持积极的心态，重建一个更美好的未来。Tangshan 是专有名词，但是此处前有new 修饰，表示某时的情况或某种样子，应用不定冠词修饰,new的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
10.___
to
解析 句意见上一题解析。prove to… 意为“向……证明”。故填to。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mount Vesuvius is on the plain of Campania in southern Italy.1. . the afternoon of 24 August 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius on the island of Sicily erupted, sending out a huge cloud of glowing ashes 2. . covering the surrounding country with showers of lava （岩浆）.For 28 hours the volcano continued to pour out lava and ashes until the city of Pompeii and 3. . （it） unfortunate inhabitants were buried under seven metres of ashes.
The town of Pompeii 4. . （lie） hidden and forgotten until 1631 when Mount Vesuvius erupted again and workers discovered some Roman coins. Over the course of the next 200 years or so various artefacts （手工艺品） 5. . （dig） up. The site was slowly more and more uncovered. The importance of the discoveries was 6. . （eventual） realised and efforts were made 7. . （preserve） the site. Until late in the 18th century, 8. . （science） study of the volcano began. In the 20th century people set up many observation stations at various heights for 9. . （make） volcanologic measurement. Today it is possible to visit Pompeii and still see the figures in the positions 10. . they were when the ashes enveloped them over 1,900 years ago.
On
and
its
lay
were dug
eventually
to preserve
scientific
making
where
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。公元79年，庞贝古城毁于维苏威火山大爆发，消失在火山灰之下，直到1631年维苏威火山再次爆发，庞贝古城才得以重现。人们作出努力保护庞贝古城遗址，并对火山进行科学研究。现在人们可以参观庞贝古城。
1.____
On
解析 句意为：公元79年8月24日下午，西西里岛上的维苏威火山爆发，喷出大量炽热的火山灰，其喷射出的大量岩浆覆盖了周围地区。表示在具体某一天的下午，用介词on。故填On。
2._____
and
解析 句意见上一题解析。根据语境和句子结构可知，sending out… 和covering… 是并列关系，为现在分词短语作状语。故填and。
3.____
its
解析 句意为：在28个小时的时间里，火山持续喷出岩浆和火山灰，直到庞贝城及其不幸的居民被掩埋在7米深的火山灰之下。此处修饰名词inhabitants，作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
4.____
lay
解析 句意为：庞贝城一直被隐藏和遗忘，直到1631年维苏威火山再次爆发，工人们发现了一些罗马硬币。根据空后的过去分词hidden和forgotten可知，此处lie作连系动词，意为“处于（某种状态）”，根据语境可知，事件发生在过去，应该用一般过去时。故填lay。
5.__________
were dug
解析 句意为：在接下来的200年左右的时间里，各种各样的手工艺品被挖掘出来。此处作谓语，与主语artefacts之间是被动关系，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为复数，谓语也应用复数。故填were dug。
6.__________
eventually
解析 句意为：人们最终认识到这些发现的重要性，并努力保护这一遗址。此处作状语，表示“最终”，应该用副词eventually。
7.___________
to preserve
解析 句意见上一题解析。make efforts to do sth为固定短语，表示“努力做某事”，不定式作目的状语，此处为该短语的被动形式。故填to preserve。
8._________
scientific
解析 句意为：对这座火山的科学研究直到18世纪末才开始。此处修饰后面的名词study，表示“科学的”，应该用形容词。故填scientific。
9.________
making
解析 句意为：20世纪，人们在不同的高度建立了许多观测站以进行火山学测量。设空处在介词for后作宾语，应用动名词形式。故填making。
10._______
where
解析 句意为：现今，你可以去参观庞贝古城，你仍然可以看到1,900多年前这些人被火山灰覆盖时的位置。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为positions，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。
01
Period Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
[湖南名校联盟2022高一期末] A
Living on the Florida Emerald Coast, people view hurricanes as a common thing. So it is not unusual for a family to have several full gas cans and some bottled water stored in their houses all summer.
Though unwilling to evacuate from our house due to a hurricane, on September 15, my family was forced to leave our home for my grandfather's house several miles away. We spent the early part of that evening watching the hurricane draw closer on the Weather Channel. Around nine o'clock, the strong wind shook the house, turned over the roof and carried part of it off. Soon came an indoor rainstorm.
Realising the damage, my grandfather began to be afraid. The storm had started, but he still ran out into the heavy rain and wind to see how much of the roof was left. We got him back inside. I had never seen him so scared. Mum finally asked him to lie down in his room.
The leak had progressed rapidly. It soon became a race against time to protect what was saved. Some people may think it necessary to save material things, but I hoped to save those items with emotional value, such as the photos. I still feared the storm, but I feared the influence it brought more.
The next morning, it started to clear up. Thankfully, my family weathered the storm, though the same could not be said for the roof. Only the wooden beams （梁） remained, but inside the house many of the things were safe. My mum and I had worked tirelessly through the night.
It was late, but we were still unwilling to go to bed. We discussed the rebuilding of the house. Under the beautiful sky, we suggested looking after my grandfather more often in future. After this disaster, I realised the truth that the hurricane itself was not so terrible if we loved each other.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家平安渡过某次飓风的经历，作者在这次经历中意识到了亲情的珍贵和强大。
1.Why do the people store full gas cans and bottled water ( )
D
A.To save much money. B.To watch a hurricane easily.
C.To protect their houses well. D.To be prepared for hurricanes.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，在佛罗里达州翡翠海岸，飓风是非常正常的事情，人们储存燃料罐和瓶装水是为了为飓风做好准备。故选D项。
2.How did the author's grandfather feel during the hurricane ( )
A
A.Frightened. B.Surprised. C.Calm. D.Angry.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Realising the damage, my grandfather began to be afraid.和I had never seen him so scared.可知，作者的祖父在飓风中感到害怕。故选A项。
3.What does the underlined word “weathered” in Paragraph 5 mean ( )
C
A.Prepared well for. B.Waited patiently for.
C.Came safely through. D.Suffered seriously from.
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文中的The next morning, it started to clear up.和Thankfully以及下文中的though the same could not be said for the roof可知，第二天早上，天开始放晴，值得庆幸的是，作者一家平安渡过了这场风暴，但这所房子的屋顶未能幸免。故画线词意思是“平安地渡过”。故选C项。
4.What may the author learn from the experience ( )
A
A.Family love is powerful. B.Take things as they come.
C.Good health is over wealth. D.Lost time is never found again.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第三、四句可推知，作者从这段经历中学到了亲情是强大的。故选A项。
词汇加油站
进阶词汇
evacuate vi.& vt.（从危险的地方）撤出
B
If someone created a flying machine capable of tracking you down by listening for your voice, you might be terrified. But what if you were trapped in ruins after a natural disaster and first responders couldn't locate you Maybe then a human-seeking drone （无人机） wouldn't be such a terrible idea. That concept is the focus of engineers at Germany's Fraunhofer FKIE institute, who've built a drone to find people by discovering human screams.
“The human-seeking drone would be ideal for post-disaster situations, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and wildfires,” said Macarena Varela, one of the lead engineers.“They could hover （悬停） over an area that rescuers have difficulty getting to and locate exactly where people may be trapped.”
Locating people by sound presents its share of challenges. An auditory （听觉的） system would need to tell human cries from sounds that often happen in nature, such as animal calls and wind. It might also need to recognise patterns associated with kicking, clapping or other ways people try to get the attention of rescue teams.
The engineers took those situations into consideration when building out their concept drone. They recorded themselves screaming, tapping and creating other noises that might be a sign of people in trouble. Then, they analysed each sound frequency to find common characteristics and used those to train artificial intelligence software. They also worked to remove the noise created by the drone and other environmental sounds.
Once the software part was complete, the team placed tiny digital microphones under a drone and used signal processing techniques that enabled it to track where human noises are coming from. The microphones also enhanced （增强） the volume and clarity of the speech. So far, they have conducted successful open field experiments, finding that the drone can estimate （估计） a victim's location within a few seconds of picking up sound.
Next, they would like to add a higher frequency microphone to a drone to get more audio sound signals.“The idea is to pick up noises from hundreds of metres away,” Varela said. In the real world, victim location data might one day be sent wirelessly to emergency workers carrying a tablet PC.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了能够“听声辨位”的搜救无人机在救援方面的优势，并介绍了工程师为确保无人机具备更好的救援性能所作出的各种努力。
1.What is the advantage of the human-seeking drone over rescuers ( )
A
A.Its easy access to the scene of disaster. B.Its long working hours.
C.Its high speed of flying. D.Its quick estimations of data.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They could hover over an area that rescuers have difficulty getting to and locate exactly where people may be trapped.”可知，与救援人员相比，搜救无人机的优势在于它很容易到达灾难现场。故选A项。
2.What can the auditory system do ( )
C
A.Collect and send victim location data to a tablet PC.
B.Pick up sounds from hundreds of metres away.
C.Recognise human cries and other sound patterns for help.
D.Improve the volume and clarity of human screams.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的An auditory system would need to tell human cries from sounds that often happen in nature, such as animal calls and wind.It might also need to recognise patterns associated with… get the attention of rescue teams.可知，听觉系统可以分辨出人类的呼喊声，以及辨别一些为了求救而发出的声音，比如踢动某物、拍手等声音。故选C项。
3.Why did the engineers analyse each sound frequency ( )
B
A.To remove the noise. B.To find shared features.
C.To record the screams. D.To enhance the volume.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Then, they analysed each sound frequency to find common characteristics and used those to train artificial intelligence software.可知，工程师要分析每种声音频率是为了寻找它们的共同特征以便训练人工智能软件。故选B项。
4.What is the main idea of the text ( )
D
A.Flying machines can track rescuers.
B.Rescuers use drones to locate disaster survivors.
C.Human-seeking drones will replace rescuers.
D.The engineers ensure drones give better rescue performance.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句可知，德国一家机构的工程师们在研究一种可以进行搜救的无人机，文章后三段介绍了这些工程师对无人机进行改进的过程，由此可知，本文主要是关于工程师确保无人机具备更好的救援性能。故选D项。
长难句分析
句意：它们可以在救援人员难以到达的地区上空悬停，并准确定位人们可能被困的地方。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.track vt.追踪；跟踪 n.小路
track sb/sth down追踪到某人/某物
2.trap vt.困住；使陷入困境 n.陷阱
3.locate vt.找出……的准确位置
An earthquake can strike without warning. But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented if people follow these safety tips.
If you're inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building. 1. . Drop down onto the ground. Get under an object that is not easily damaged. Hold on to it until the shaking stops. You can also get to a corner formed by two walls with your arms over your head. If you're in bed when the quake hits, stay there and protect your head with a pillow.
2. . Don't take shelter under trees, streetlights, telegraph poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse over you. 3. .
If you are trapped in the ruins, cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of clothing. Use your cellphone to call for help if possible. Don't shout. 4. . Tap on a pipe or the wall so rescuers can find you.
G
B
D
C
Be prepared for aftershocks. 5. . However, sometimes they even happen months later. Therefore, if you are not in a safe position after the first shock, you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place.
F
A.Don't move about or kick up dust.
B.If you're outside, go to an open space.
C.Shouting can cause you to breathe in dust.
D.Don't park your car under a tree or any tall object.
E.Take a good hold of your cellphone in the building.
F.They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake.
G.Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在地震中如何防止伤亡的一些安全建议。
1.___
G
解析 根据前文中的One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building.可知，此处承接前文，应说明许多的伤害都是发生在建筑物内的人试图离开建筑物的时候。故选G项。
2.___
B
解析 上一段提到的在室内的安全做法，空后内容给出了一些在户外的安全做法。故选B项。
3.___
D
解析 根据前文中的If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse over you.可知，此处应承接前文，指出不要把你的车停在树下或任何高的物体下。故选D项。
4.___
C
解析 前文提到Don't shout.（不要喊叫），C项（大叫可能会导致你吸入灰尘）是喊叫会造成的结果，前后衔接自然，故选C项。
5.___
F
解析 前文中的Be prepared for aftershocks.提到要为余震做好准备，F项（它们可能发生在地震后的前几个小时之内）中的They即指代空前的aftershocks，空后内容也与F项之间为转折关系，故选F项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.strike vi.& vt.侵袭；爆发 vt.打；击；突然想到；给（某人以……）印象
2.hold on to sb/sth抓紧/不放开某人/某物
熟词生义
hit 熟义：vt.打；击；碰撞
生义：vi.& vt.侵袭；打击 vt.碰到，遇到（困难、问题等）
02
Period Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures—Reading for Writing
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It is not always easy to tell whether you are faced with a real __________ （emergent）.
emergency
解析 句意为：判断你是否面临真正的紧急情况并不总是那么容易。设空处作介词with的宾语，应用名词。故填emergency。
2.The value of life lies not in the _______ （long） of days but the use we make of them.
length
解析 句意为：生命的价值不在于其长短，而在于我们如何利用这些日子。设空处在定冠词the后，作lies in的宾语，应用名词。故填length。
3.A _________ （power） 7.2-magnitude earthquake hit the city, killing at least 200 people.
powerful
解析 句意为：一场7.2级的强烈地震袭击了这座城市，造成至少200人死亡。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰earthquake，结合语境可知，此处表示“猛烈的”。故填powerful。
4.The father was the only ________ （survive） of the fire that destroyed the wooden house of the family.
survivor
解析 句意为：大火摧毁了这家人的木屋，这位父亲是唯一的幸存者。主句的主语是The father，此处在句中作was的表语且前面有the only修饰，应用名词的单数形式，且根据语境可知，此处表示“幸存者”。故填survivor。
5.I'm calling to confirm the ________ （deliver） of my goods tomorrow.
delivery
解析 句意为：我打电话来确认明天是否送货。设空处在句中作confirm的宾语，且被定冠词the修饰，应用名词，表示“递送”。故填delivery。
6.We all know that playing with the smartphone for a long time has a bad effect ____ our eyesight.
on
解析 句意为：我们都知道长时间玩智能手机会对我们的视力造成不良影响。have an effect on为固定搭配，意为“对……有影响”。故填on。
7.We will have some experts ____ hand to give you any help you need at all times.
on
解析 句意为：我们将随时都有专家为您提供所需要的任何帮助。on hand 为固定搭配，意为“在手头；在近旁”。故填on。
8.___ summary, nobody knows the source of the disease.
In
解析 句意为：总之，没有人知道这种疾病的原因。根据句意可知，该题考查固定搭配in summary，意为“总之”。故填In。
9.What _______ （strike） me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.
struck
解析 分析句子结构可知，此处为主语从句的谓语动词，strike与从句主语What之间是主动关系，应用主动语态；根据主句谓语动词was可知，此处指的是过去的动作，所以应用一般过去时。故填struck。
10.I was walking the dog in the park ______ something unusual caught my attention.
when
解析 be doing sth when… 为固定句型，意为“正在做某事时，突然……”。故填when。
根据提示补全句子。
1.一些父母想要保护他们的孩子免受各种危险，无论是真实的还是想象出来的。（shelter）
Some parents want to _______ _____ _____ ______ every kind of danger, real or imagined.
shelter
their
kids
from
2.在一些非洲贫穷国家里，商品的确供应不足。
In some poor countries of Africa, goods are really ___ ______ _______.
in
short
supply
3.被困在孤岛上的那位旅行者靠在海里捕到的鱼活了下来。
The traveller trapped on the lonely island _________ ____ the fish caught in the sea.
survived
on
4.这对双胞胎姐妹的父母一进来，她们就安静了下来。
____ _____ ___ their parents came in，the twin sisters _______ ______.
As
soon
as
calmed
down
5.我突然想到，我应该拜访我的老师。（strike）
___ ____________ ____ _____ I should pay a visit to my teacher.
It
strikes/struck
me
that
6.汉斯被邀请在哈佛大学毕业典礼上发表演讲。
Hans was asked ___ ________________ ___ _______ at the Harvard Commencement.
to
deliver/make/give
a
speech
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.I will never forget the days __________ I spent with your family.
that/which
解析 句意为：我永远不会忘记和你的家人一起度过的那些日子。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是days，指物，关系词在定语从句中作动词spent的宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导该从句。
2.He lives in the room _______ window faces to the south.
whose
解析 句意为：他住在窗户朝南的房间里。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the room，结合语境可知，此处表示“房间的窗户”，应用whose引导该从句，whose在从句中作window的定语。
3.The little problems __________ we meet in our daily lives may be the inspirations for great inventions.
that/which
解析 句意为：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词problems指物，定语从句的谓语动词meet后缺宾语，需用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。
4.This is Mr John for _______ son I bought a book yesterday.
whose
解析 句意为：这是约翰先生，昨天我给他的儿子买了一本书。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为Mr John，buy sth for sb为固定搭配，for被前置，_____ son为for的宾语，关系词在从句中作son的定语，应用whose引导该从句。
5.[浙江2021年1月] BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool __________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
that/which
解析 句意为：体重指数是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是tool，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
6.I always want a friend with _______ I can share my deepest feelings and thoughts.
whom.
解析 句意为：我一直想有一个能够与之分享我最深刻的感受和想法的朋友。分析句子结构可知，先行词friend指人，关系代词在从句中作介词with的宾语，应用whom，与with构成“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句。此处share… with为固定搭配，从句中的介词被前置。
7.Success often come to those _____ are good at recognising their own strengths.
who
解析 设空处引导定语从句，先行词为those，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who。
8.There are many mysteries about dinosaurs for _______ we long to find explanations.
which
解析 句意为：关于恐龙有许多谜团，我们渴望找到解释。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为mysteries，指物，关系词在定语从句中作介词for的宾语，应用which引导该从句。此处为固定搭配explanations for，意为“对……的解释”。
9.The champion talked a lot about things and people _____ helped him become a successful athlete.
that
解析 句意为：这位冠军谈了很多帮助他成为一名成功运动员的事情和人。当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只能用that，本句中先行词为things and people，故填that。
10.The only system _____ will help you remember what you have heard at a lecture is keeping notes.
that
解析 句意为：唯一可以帮助你记住你在讲座上听到的东西的方法就是记笔记。分析句子可知，_____ will help you remember what you have heard at a lecture在句中为定语从句，先行词为system，关系代词在从句中作主语，因先行词前有The only修饰，所以关系代词只能用that。
【知识拓展】定语从句中关系代词常用that的情况
（1）先行词为指物的不定代词all、something、everything、nothing、anything等时；（2）先行词被the only、the very、the last等修饰时；（3）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；（4）先行词既有表示人又有表示物的词时，关系代词只能用that。
[山东“学情空间”区域教研共同体2023高一联考] 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An unusually heavy monsoon （季风） has caused a disaster in South Asia this year. In May and June it hit Bangladesh and northeastern India, 1. . （kill） hundreds. Over the past few weeks, it 2. . （hit） Pakistan, where more than 1,100 people have died and at least half a million have lost 3. . （they） homes. A third of the country is under water.
4. . （actual）, these countries have spent years developing methods to contain the damage. People 5. . live near the coasts and in regions farther inland have been encouraged to make their houses stronger, and have received money to do so. Shelters have been put in place on raised ground, and repaired to include women-only facilities and take animals, making people more willing 6. . （use） them. As for early warning, researchers gather weather data down to village level to predict flood days 7. . advance.
killing
has hit
their
Actually
who/that
to use
in
With climate conditions growing more terrible around the world, they are likely to produce more political instability. As climate change leaves their cities and villages uninhabitable （不适宜居住的）, 8. . amazingly large number of people may 9. . （force） to leave their homes in the coming decades. All the 10. . （prepare） in the world are not enough to control the result.
an
be forced
preparations
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。一场异常强烈的季风在南亚造成了一场灾难，遭受袭击的国家花费数年时间抵御季风带来的破坏。全球气候的恶化也给人们的生活带来影响。
1._______
killing
解析 句意为：5月和6月，它袭击了孟加拉国和印度东北部，造成数百人死亡。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语hit，设空处作结果状语，应用非谓语动词；根据语境可知，此处表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词形式。故填killing。
【知识拓展】现在分词短语作结果状语的用法
现在分词短语作结果状语一般表示自然而然的结果，典型的用其现在分词形式作结果状语的动词（短语）有cause、leave、result in、lead to、make等。例如：It has rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces.南方下了大雨，在几个省份造成了严重的水灾。
2._______
has hit
解析 句意为：过去几周，它袭击了巴基斯坦，那里超1,100人死亡，至少50万人失去家园。根据上文中的Over the past few weeks可知，此处应用现在完成时，主句主语为it，主句谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填has hit。
3._____
their
解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰名词homes，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
4._________
Actually
解析 句意为：事实上，这些国家已经花了多年的时间来研究控制破坏的方法。设空处在句中作状语，应用副词。故填Actually。
5._________
who/that
解析 句意为：居住在沿海地区和深入内陆地区的人们已经被鼓励建造更坚固的房屋，并为此收到了资金。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词People，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who或that引导该从句。故填who/that。
6._______
to use
解析 句意为：高地上建起了避难所，人们对其进行了修复，使其包含女性专用设施并能收留动物，让人们更愿意使用它们。此处为固定短语be willing to do sth，表示“愿意做某事”。故填to use。
7.___
in
解析 句意为：至于预警，研究人员收集下至村庄级别的天气数据，以提前预测有洪水发生的日子。此处为固定短语in advance，表示“提前”。故填in。
8.____
an
解析 句意为：气候变化导致城市和村庄不适宜居住，未来几十年可能会有数量惊人的人口被迫离开家园。结合句意可知，此处表示“大量的”，应用固定短语a large number of，此处large number前有修饰成分，amazingly的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。
9.__________
be forced
解析 句意见上一题解析。_____ amazingly large number of people与force构成被动关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词may后跟动词原形。故填be forced。
10.____________
preparations
解析 句意为：世界上所有的准备工作都不足以控制这一结果。设空处作主语，应用名词，结合后文的are可知，应用名词复数形式。故填preparations。
02
Period Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures—Reading for Writing
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
[山西吕梁2022高一期末] A
It was 8 June, 1816 and it was early summer in Vermont, US.Yet, a wild winter snowstorm was going on. Nearly a foot of snow covered the fields which had been planted crops only weeks before. This storm would kill all of the crops. At the time, people struggled to understand what had caused the weather to change so wildly. It is only now, more than 200 years later, that scientists have finally solved the mystery. The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10,000 miles away. It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.
Mount Tambora sits on the island of Sumbawa, a beautiful piece of land with rushing streams, gentle hills, and thick jungles in Indonesia. Nobody had any reason to think the peaceful mountain was in fact a volcano. It had been asleep for centuries, but on 5 April, 1815, Tambora woke up.
The first eruption shook the island and sent up streams of fire and ash. But that was nothing compared with what would come five days later, on 10 April. The volcano exploded with a huge cloud of gas, fire and ash shot high into the sky. The day turned midnight black, but the mountain turned red as rivers of lava （岩浆） flowed down it.
The eruption went on for more than three days, which instantly killed at least 12,000 people living on and around Mount Tambora. Ash and lava ruined the island's soil and poisoned its rivers and streams. Rice fields were destroyed. No fruits or vegetables would grow. Besides, toxic gases reacted in the stratosphere （平流层）, blocking out solar radiation and dramatically cooling the atmosphere below, thus causing the snowstorm and freezing weather in the summer of 1816. The year is also known as “the Year Without Summer”.The eruption of Tambora in 1815 was the deadliest and most powerful volcanic eruption in human history so far.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章由1816年美国佛蒙特州夏季暴雪为切入点，介绍了1815年的坦博拉火山爆发事件，这是迄今为止人类历史上最致命、威力最大的火山爆发。
1.Why did it snow heavily in Vermont in the summer of 1816 ( )
C
A.Vermont was located in the southern part of the earth.
B.Vermont had serious environmental pollution.
C.A faraway volcano erupted a year earlier.
D.A huge earthquake hit Vermont.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后三句It is only now, more than 200 years later, that scientists have finally solved the mystery.The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10,000 miles away.It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.及下文介绍坦博拉火山爆发事件可知，1816年夏天佛蒙特州下大雪的原因是，一年前一座遥远的火山爆发了。故选C项。
2.What's the purpose of the first paragraph ( )
A
A.To lead in the topic. B.To present an analysis.
C.To introduce Vermont. D.To explain the cause of a volcano eruption.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10,000 miles away.It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.并结合后文讲述了坦博拉火山的爆发及造成的危害可知，第一段的目的是引出话题。故选A项。
3.When did Mount Tambora start erupting ( )
C
A.On 8 June, 1816. B.On 13 April, 1816. C.On 5 April, 1815. D.On 10 April, 1815.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句It had been asleep for centuries, but on 5 April, 1815, Tambora woke up.可知，坦博拉火山开始爆发的时间是1815年4月5日。故选C项。
4.What's the main idea of the last paragraph ( )
D
A.The process of the eruption was made up of three stages.
B.Tambora asleep for centuries woke up in the end.
C.The eruption of Tambora broke a historical record.
D.The eruption of Tambora led to a terrible disaster.
解析 主旨大意题。文章最后一段介绍了坦博拉火山爆发造成的严重后果，由此可知，该段主要介绍了坦博拉火山的爆发引发了一场可怕的灾难。故选D项。
[四川遂宁2023高一期末] B
Across much of Spain on Tuesday morning, a thin layer （层） of red dust （尘土） coated everything outside. This included cars, buses, trees, and plants.
As the sun rose, the dust in the air turned the skies in some cities a strange orange. The cause of the dust and unusual sky colour wasn't a forest fire, but the dust from the Sahara Desert. Every year, a large cloud of dust rises from the Sahara Desert. It's called the Saharan Air Layer. Usually, it crosses the Atlantic Ocean as part of a natural cycle （循环） that helps develop farmland in Central and South America.
But sometimes, depending on the weather, the layer of dust gets forced to the north. Large sandstorms in Northern Africa lift sand and dust into the air, where it gets blown towards Spain. This kind of storm isn't unknown in Spain. In fact, it has a special name—“calima”.It is so large that it can be seen from space. A NASA scientist says it's like a river of dust in the air. That river of dust has met a river of wet air driven by strong winds. People in some cities, like M?laga and Navarra, reported that it was “raining mud （泥）”.In other places, the dust changed the colour of the snow on the ground.
The dust cloud continued to spread north and west, hitting both France and the United Kingdom. The dust is expected to keep spreading, possibly as far north as Denmark. The dust cloud may make some places a little foggy and sunsets very colourful.
Some weather experts warn that climate change could make dust storms from the Sahara Desert even more intense in the future.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了每年撒哈拉沙漠都会升起一大片被称为“撒哈拉空气层”的尘土，它是自然循环的一部分，同时文章介绍了“撒哈拉空气层”对所经之处天气的影响。
1.What can we know about the Saharan Air Layer ( )
A
A.It is farmland-friendly. B.It does good to the desert.
C.It ends in the desert. D.It disappears in the ocean.
解析 细节理解题。文章第二段中讲到Usually, it crosses the Atlantic Ocean as part of a natural cycle that helps develop farmland in Central and South America.，由此可知，“撒哈拉空气层”通常有助于开发农田，即对农田有益。故选A项。
2.What is special about “calima” in Spain ( )
C
A.It has different colours. B.It causes heavy rains.
C.It is huge and common. D.It is formed near rivers.
解析 推理判断题。文章第三段中讲到This kind of storm isn't unknown in Spain.In fact, it has a special name—“calima”.It is so large that it can be seen from space.可知，西班牙的“calima”是规模巨大而且常见的，故选C项。
3.What does the underlined word “intense” in the last paragraph mean ( )
B
A.Positive. B.Serious. C.Dangerous. D.Different.
解析 词义猜测题。根据上文内容可知，本文主要介绍了撒哈拉空气层的尘土对所经之处的天气的影响；根据画线词所在句中的关键词climate change和画线词前的even more并结合常识可知，此处表示气候变化会使尘暴现象更为强烈，故画线词和serious意思相近。故选B项。
4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear ( )
D
A.Culture. B.Health. C.Agriculture. D.Nature.
解析 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一种自然现象，即每年撒哈拉沙漠都会升起的一大片被称为“撒哈拉空气层”的尘土，以及“撒哈拉空气层”对所经之处天气的影响。尤其是根据文章第二段中的Every year, a large cloud of dust rises from the Sahara Desert.It's called the Saharan Air Layer.Usually, it crosses the Atlantic Ocean as part of a natural cycle that helps develop farmland in Central and South America.可知，这篇文章可能出现在报纸的自然版块。故选D项。
词汇加油站
熟词生义
1.coat 熟义：n.大衣；外套 生义：vt.覆盖；涂上
2.develop 熟义：vi.& vt.（使）成长；（使）发展生义：vt.开发（土地）；研制；形成（观点）
[湖北“荆、荆、襄、宜”四地七校考试联盟2022高一期中联考] I was suddenly awakened at about 4 am by a strange experience which I did not understand at first. I was . .1. . for a few seconds, as though I was in a cradle （摇篮）.I heard . .2. . sounds in which I could identify the tinkle of pots, the rattle of windows, and certain deep rumble . .3. . from the earth. After a few moments I realised, to my . .4. ., that it was the earthquake.
Others too in my house and neighbourhoods must have . .5. . it at the same time or a little earlier, because we all jumped out of our beds in a second and . .6. . out of our houses. The quake had stopped, yet we stood in the open for an hour, extremely . .7. . about another quake. There was a nip （寒意） in the air that early morning, and the electric lights had . .8. ..People stood in darkness, talking about the earthquake and hoping that it might not be . .9. ..
The quake caused no damage in Mumbai. For several hours next morning we thought, with . .10. . to Nature, that the disaster had been . .11. . on the whole. But at about noon, bad news came that all the houses in parts of Lātūr had been in . .12. . and hundreds of humans . .13. . their lives.
The destruction caused by the earthquake at Lātūr proved the . .14. . of man in the face of an unexpected natural disaster. People still have much to achieve in dealing with Nature. Isn't it a（n） . .15. . that humans are wasting the natural resources and energy
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者经历了地震，意识到了人们在自然灾害面前是无助的，人们要珍惜自然资源。
1.( )A.attacked B.comforted C.rocked D.sheltered
C
解析 由后文中的as though I was in a cradle可知，作者是感到摇晃，rock在此处意为“使剧烈摇晃”，符合语境。故选C项。attack意为“袭击”；comfort意为“安慰”；shelter意为“掩蔽”。
2.( )A.pleasant B.strange C.fascinating D.fluent
B
解析 句意为：我听到了奇怪的声音，我能辨认出是锅的叮当声，窗户的咔嗒声，以及从地下传来的某种低沉的隆隆声。由后文中的the tinkle of pots, the rattle of windows, and certain deep rumble可知，作者是听到了奇怪的声音，故选B项。pleasant意为“令人愉快的”；fascinating意为“迷人的”；fluent意为“流利的”。
3.( )A.coming B.flashing C.escaping D.learning
A
解析 句意见上一题解析。由空后的from the earth可知，是来自地下的声音，故选A项。
4.( )A.annoyance B.joy C.relief D.horror
D
解析 由后文中的it was the earthquake并结合常识可知，地震了，作者感到恐惧，故选D项。to one's horror为固定搭配，意为“让某人大为惊恐的是”。annoyance意为“烦恼”；relief意为“轻松”。
5.( )A.warned B.realised C.impacted D.prevented
B
解析 由后文中的because we all jumped out of our beds in a second可知，此时作者的家人和邻居应该也意识到了这是发生了地震。realise意为“意识到”，符合语境。故选B项。
6.( )A.jumped B.walked C.rushed D.struggled
C
解析 由上文中的it was the earthquake及后文中的we stood in the open并结合常识可知，地震了，人们应该是冲出了家门。故选C项。
7.( )A.anxious B.excited C.curious D.hopeful
A
解析 由后文中的another quake可知，作者他们是担心会再次发生地震。be anxious about意为“为……担忧/焦虑”。故选A项。
8.( )A.blown up B.broken out C.died down D.gone off
D
解析 由后文中的People stood in darkness可知，电灯熄灭了，人们都站在黑暗中。go off意为“（电灯）熄灭”，符合语境。故选D项。blow up意为“炸毁”；break out意为“突然发生”；die down意为“平息”。
9.( )A.expected B.forgiven C.repeated D.stopped
C
解析 由上文中的we stood in the open for an hour, extremely _____ about another quake可知，人们担心会再次发生地震，所以此处是表示人们希望地震不会再发生。repeat意为“再次发生；重复”，符合语境。故选C项。
10.( )A.admiration B.gratitude C.regret D.satisfaction
B
解析 句意为：第二天早上有好几个小时，我们怀着对大自然的感激之情，以为这场灾难大体上是无害的。由上文中的The quake caused no damage in Mumbai.可知，地震没有给孟买造成破坏，所以人们是感激的。gratitude意为“感激之情”，符合语境。故选B项。admiration意为“羡慕”；satisfaction意为“满意”。
11.( )A.generous B.impressive C.harmless D.tough
C
解析 由上文中的The quake caused no damage in Mumbai.可知，人们以为这场灾难大体上是无害的。故选C项。generous意为“慷慨的”；impressive意为“给人深刻印象的”；tough意为“艰难的”。
12.( )A.place B.surroundings C.shape D.ruins
D
解析 句意为：但大约中午时分，坏消息传来，拉杜尔部分地区的所有房屋都遭到了毁坏，数百人丧生。由上文中的bad news came可知，有坏消息传来，是地震把拉杜尔部分地区的房屋毁坏了。故选D项。be in ruins意为“毁坏”。
13.( )A.lost B.cured C.discovered D.rescued
A
解析 由上文中的bad news came that all the houses in parts of Lātūr had been in _____ 并结合常识可知，地震毁坏了房屋，人也在灾难中失去了生命。lose one's life表示“丧命”，故选A项。
14.( )A.power B.creativity C.helplessness D.limit
C
解析 句意为：拉杜尔地震造成的破坏证明了人类在面对意想不到的自然灾害时的无助。由后文中的People still have much to achieve in dealing with Nature.可知，人类在地震面前是很无助的，故选C项。
15.( )A.fact B.pity C.honour D.wonder
B
解析 由后文中的humans are wasting the natural resources and energy可知，人类浪费了自然资源和能源，这是很可惜的，故选B项。
03
单元限时小卷
[重庆育才中学2023高一期中] Teachers and parents should help children pay more attention to the mistakes they make so they can better learn from them, according to new research.
In the study led by researchers at Michigan State University, 123 children whose average age was 7 were assessed on whether they had a growth mindset （believing people can work harder to get smarter）, or a fixed mindset （believing intelligence is unable to be changed）.The researchers then asked the children to complete a fast-moving accuracy task on a computer while their brain activity was recorded.
建议用时：57分钟
Based on the data they collected, the researchers concluded that children with growth mindsets were much more likely to have a more active brain response after making a mistake. In addition, they were more likely to improve their performance by paying closer attention to the task after making a mistake. While previous research has shown that people with a fixed mindset didn't want to acknowledge they had made a mistake, this study found that children with fixed mindsets were able to bounce back after making mistakes, but only if they gave full attention to the mistakes.“The main implication （含意） here is that we should pay more attention to our mistakes and use them as opportunities to learn,” said study author Hans Schroder.
For parents and teachers, the lessons are clear. They should focus on using mistakes to work together and learn. Many teachers and parents avoid addressing children's mistakes, telling them “It's OK.You'll get it next time.” without giving them the opportunity to figure out what went wrong. Schroder says, “Instead, it's better to reassure （使安心） children that mistakes happen, so try to pay attention and work to figure out where and how they made the mistakes.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究发现，具有成长型思维模式的孩子更关注自己的错误，并能更有效地改正错误。因此研究者建议，父母和老师应该帮助孩子更多地关注他们所犯的错误而不是回避或掩盖错误，这样孩子们才能更好地从中学习。
1.How was the data collected during the research ( )
B
A.By counting the number of children's mistakes. B.By recording children's brain activity.
C.By asking children fast-moving questions. D.By testing children's intelligence.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The researchers then asked the children to complete a fast-moving accuracy task on a computer while their brain activity was recorded.可知，这项研究的数据收集是通过记录孩子们的大脑活动来完成的。故选B项。
2.Who most probably belongs to the growth mindset group ( )
A
A.A child who manages to correct every mistake by heart.
B.A child who believes her mistakes are made by chance.
C.A child who keeps an idea that he has a gift for studying.
D.A child who thinks she can perform well without any effort.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Based on the data they collected, the researchers concluded that children with growth mindsets… were more likely to improve their performance by paying closer attention to the task after making a mistake.可知，拥有成长型思维模式的孩子会在犯错误之后更加关注自己的任务，以提升自己的表现。由此可推测A项提到的用心改正自己的每一个错误符合具有成长型思维模式的孩子的特点。故选A项。
3.How is Paragraph 3 developed ( )
C
A.By giving examples. B.By listing facts.
C.By making a comparison. D.By giving explanations.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Based on the data they collected, the researchers concluded that children with growth mindsets were much more likely to have a more active brain response after making a mistake.和this study found that children with fixed mindsets were able to bounce back after making mistakes, but only if they gave full attention to the mistakes可知，第三段分别说明了具有成长型思维模式的孩子和具有固定思维模式的孩子在犯错后不同的反应，故此处是用了对比的手法。故选C项。
4.What should parents do with their child's mistakes according to Schroder ( )
B
A.Avoid talking about their child's mistakes.
B.Discuss the mistakes with their child patiently.
C.Ignore the mistakes and believe he'll do better.
D.Compare their child with others and blame him.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Schroder says, “Instead, it's better to reassure children that mistakes happen, so try to pay attention and work to figure out where and how they made the mistakes.”可知，当孩子犯错时，父母应该和孩子一起耐心地分析错误，故选B项。
长难句分析
句意：根据他们收集的数据，研究人员得出结论，具有成长型思维模式的孩子在犯错误后更有可能有更活跃的大脑反应。
[江西新余2022高一期末] How can teenagers keep themselves from suffering from loneliness Here are some suggestions for speeding a recovery from loneliness.
1. . A smile and a friendly greeting for the student behind you in line at the cafeteria （自助餐厅） won't make you best friends. But it will make you both feel good. It can also make it easier to interact the next time, and the time after that.
Find a safe place to make connections. If going to the dancing party makes you feel like you just don't belong, try joining a special-interest group.2. . Just because you feel left out in one group doesn't mean you'll feel like an outsider in every other one. Look for a group that allows you to feel comfortable gradually.
Find other ways of making connections. Lonely people hunger for friendships. Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others rather than wait for them to make you feel better.3. . Teach a child reading. Take notes for a disabled classmate. You might be surprised at the connections you make.
C
E
B
4. . Loneliness is an absence of quality friendship, not of a particular quantity of friends. That's why it's important to know how to select a friend. The best friendships are those based on similar values and attitudes.
You get what you expect, so expect the best. If you expect others to be friendly, you will behave in proper ways that encourage people to be friendlier to you. Loneliness won't last long.5. .
A
G
A.Choose the right people.
B.So consider becoming a volunteer.
C.Reach out to others but start small.
D.It can be hard work to be positive towards others.
E.Maybe it's the drama club or the marching band.
F.This harmful attitude can continue into adulthood.
G.But starting the first step of positive expectations can make all the difference.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。青少年有时会感到孤独，本文介绍了五种消除孤独感的方法。
1.___
C
解析 根据设空处所在位置可知，设空处为本段主题句。根据空后的内容可知，一个微笑和一句友好的问候不能让你和他人成为最好的朋友，但会使你们心情愉快，使你们下一次的交流变得更容易。C项中的small与微笑和问候的小举动相对应。故选C项。
2.___
E
解析 根据空前的If going to the dancing party makes you feel like you just don't belong， try joining a special-interest group.可知，作者建议在舞会上感到自己格格不入的青少年去参加一些专门的兴趣小组，E项（或许是戏剧俱乐部或行进乐队）是对前文的举例，承接上文。故选E项。
3.___
B
解析 本段主要讲述的是通过为他人做些事情让自己得到别人的认可，并与他人建立联系，从而消除孤独感。根据空后Teach a child reading.Take notes for a disabled classmate.可知，这些都是志愿工作，B项（所以考虑成为一名志愿者）符合上下文语境。故选B项。
4.___
A
解析 根据后文的That's why it's important to know how to select a friend．可知，知道怎样选择朋友很重要，A项（要选择合适的人）符合语境。故选A项。
5.___
G
解析 本段主要讲述的是如果你想让他人成为你所期待的样子，首先你要成为这样的人。本段关键词是expect，G项中的expectations与其相呼应。故选G项。
I'm an ocean lover. Living in Montreal, far away from the ocean, makes it even more dreamland for me. And I . .1. . to visit the ocean at least once a year and I've been doing it for at least twenty . .2. ..
When I was younger, I would . .3. . shells and stones and bring them back home and ended up having tons of them on my shelves, floors, desks, etc. But as I . .4. . the ocean more and more, I started picking up the . .5. . left by careless people, picking up less and less . .6. . treasure. I was beginning to question my habits and one day, in California, I just had this idea.
I realised that a stone you find in the ocean has a（n） . .7. . colour that makes you pick it up but then, when it . .8. ., you won't find it lovely anymore, so why pick it up in the first place Anyway, I just realised then that natural things are nice in their natural . .9. . and that if everybody picked up every shell from the ocean, and . .10. . the waste out there, the beach would become something not so nice very . .11. ..
So I decided that day, when I was probably 28 or 29, that I would just “borrow” things from the ocean, and bring them back after a while, since that . .12. . of shells does so much good for me.
I . .13. . the quantity and kept it to the smallest amount. So if you've seen a strange lady picking up rubbish and . .14. . shells back into the ocean, from a box or a bag, on a beautiful sunny day, it was . .15. . me.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者喜欢大海，但居住地离大海很远。她设法每年至少去一次海边，并捡回贝壳、石头等。后来，作者开始控制捡贝壳和石头的数量，过一段时间再把贝壳送回大海，并把垃圾捡回来。
1.( )A.agree B.try C.refuse D.fail
B
解析 根据上文中的an ocean lover和makes it even more dreamland for me可知，大海对作者来说更像是一个梦想之地，所以作者设法每年至少去看一次海。
2.( )A.weeks B.hours C.years D.months
C
解析 根据空前的visit the ocean at least once a year可知，作者坚持每年去看海这件事已经至少20年了。
3.( )A.pick up B.give out C.hide away D.put aside
A
解析 根据空后的bring them back home可知，作者小时候总是捡贝壳和石头，然后把它们带回家。
4.( )A.visited B.protected C.cleaned D.calmed
A
解析 根据前文中的visit the ocean at least once a year可知，此处是说随着作者去海边的次数越来越多。
5.( )A.books B.phones C.rock D.waste
D
解析 根据第三段中的the waste out there可知，作者开始捡粗心的人们扔下的垃圾。waste在此处意为“垃圾；废品”。
6.( )A.special B.sea C.smooth D.land
B
解析 根据本段第一句和最后一段中的I _____ the quantity and kept it to the smallest amount.可知，此处指作者从海边捡的石头和贝壳开始变得越来越少。
7.( )A.terrible B.wonderful C.ordinary D.tidy
B
解析 根据空后的makes you pick it up可知，此处表示海中石头的颜色很美丽。
8.( )A.breaks B.rises C.dries D.falls
C
解析 根据空前的a stone you find in the ocean和空后的you won't find it lovely anymore可知，在大海里发现的石头被捡来一段时间后就会变干燥，这时石头就不再美丽了。
9.( )A.shapes B.methods C.disasters D.places
D
解析 根据前文作者发现从海边捡来的石头干燥后就不美丽了可知，作者认识到，自然界的东西还是留在自然环境中最美丽。
10.( )A.collected B.lifted C.left D.burnt
C
解析 根据第二段中的left by careless people可知，此处是说如果人人都捡走贝壳，丢下垃圾，海滩很快就会变得不那么美丽了。leave在此处意为“丢下”。
11.( )A.slowly B.deeply C.quickly D.correctly
C
解析 根据语境可知，如果人们捡走贝壳、丢下垃圾，海滩很快就会变得不那么美丽了。quickly意为“快速地”。
12.( )A.type B.difference C.quality D.beauty
D
解析 根据空后的does so much good for me可知，此处表示作者认为贝壳的美丽对作者有很多好处。
13.( )A.increased B.hated C.controlled D.fought
C
解析 根据空后的and kept it to the smallest amount可知，此处表示作者控制自己捡贝壳和石头的数量，将其控制在最小量。
14.( )A.cutting B.throwing C.pushing D.dividing
B
解析 根据前文的bring them back after a while可知，此处指作者把贝壳扔回大海。
15.( )A.certainly B.generally C.really D.probably
D
解析 句意为：所以如果在阳光明媚的美好日子里，你看到一位奇怪的女士一边捡垃圾一边把盒子里或者包里装的贝壳扔回大海，那很可能就是我。probably意为“很可能”。
长难句分析
句意：我意识到,虽然你在海洋中找到的石头有着美丽的颜色，让你把它捡了起来，可是当石头干燥时，你会发现它不再美丽了，所以为什么当初你要把它捡起来呢？
[江苏宿迁2022高一期末] Chagan Lake is located in Songyuan, Northeast China's Jilin Province. Every year, fishermen struggle with the freezing cold weather, biting winds and deep snow to seek their underwater fortune at Chagan Lake, 1___ freshwater lake in China. The lake is the only place in the country 2_______ you can still find fishermen using an ancient fishing method.
The lake nearly 3______ （dry） up in the 1970s, and therefore fishermen were forced to give up their annual fishing tradition and take on other tough jobs for survival. However, over the past decades, these problems have been solved through projects that have allowed environmental 4__________ （protect）, agriculture and tourism to develop at the same time. In 2013, Jilin Province started a river-lake connection project, 5_______ （link） Chagan Lake to surrounding lakes and rivers, making the lake's water even 6_______ （clean）.In particular, the construction of a town with eco-friendly tourism 7___________ （help） with development so far. The town offers accommodations, dining, sightseeing and other businesses that have increased local incomes and made 8___ more convenient for people to visit the area than before. Farms and tourism projects that were 9__________ （previous） affecting the environment have been
a
where
dried
protection
linking
cleaner
has helped
it
previously
removed or relocated. All of this was achieved without 10__________ （damage） the lake or the animal and plant life.
damaging
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国吉林省的查干湖的发展历程以及开发利用情况。
1.___
a
解析 句意为：每年，渔民们都要努力应对寒冷的天气、刺骨的寒风和厚厚的积雪，在中国的淡水湖查干湖水下寻找致富之路。lake为可数名词，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，且freshwater是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
2._______
where
解析 句意为：这片湖是中国唯一一处还能看到渔民使用古法捕鱼的地方。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
3.______
dried
解析 句意为：20世纪70年代，这片湖几乎干涸，因此渔民被迫放弃他们每年的捕鱼传统，从事其他艰苦的工作来谋生。根据后文中的in the 1970s可知，此处应用一般过去时。dry up与The lake之间为主动关系，用主动语态。故填dried。
4.__________
protection
解析 句意为：然而，在过去的几十年里，这些问题已经通过一些项目得到了解决，这些项目使得环境保护、农业和旅游业能同时发展。此处与agriculture和tourism为并列成分，在从句中作宾语，应用名词，且protection作“保护”讲时是不可数名词。故填protection。
5._______
linking
解析 句意为：2013年，吉林省启动了河湖连通工程，将查干湖与周边湖泊和河流连接起来，使查干湖的湖水更加清澈。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰project,应用非谓语形式，link与其逻辑主语a river-lake connection project之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填linking。
6._______
cleaner
解析 句意见上一题解析。even修饰形容词比较级，此处应用clean的比较级，表示“更干净的”。故填cleaner。
7.___________
has helped
解析 句意为：特别是，目前为止生态友好型旅游城镇的建设有助于（当地）发展。根据句中的so far可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为construction，为不可数名词，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填has helped。
8.___
it
解析 句意为：该镇提供住宿、餐饮、观光和其他业务，这些业务增加了当地收入，也使人们比以前更方便地参观该地区。此处为“make it+adj.+for sb to do sth”结构，it作形式宾语。故填it。
9.__________
previously
解析 句意为：以前影响环境的农场和旅游项目已经被拆除或迁移至新地点。设空处作状语，修饰谓语were affecting，应用副词。故填previously。
10.__________
damaging
解析 句意为：所有这些都是在不损害湖泊或动植物生命的情况下实现的。设空处作介词without的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填damaging。
[辽宁沈阳一二〇中学2022高一月考] 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Waking up, I looked at the overcast sky, thought a bit and then decided to go to work after all. This was two years ago, when I worked at a bank. As I travelled from my house, the rain kept advancing. I reached office quite smoothly, but a few hours later, our phones started buzzing with news of flooding in various parts of the city.
Looking out of the window, my colleagues and I found that the steady drizzle （毛毛雨） had grown into a downpour. We got a bit nervous, since none of us in the city have forgotten it's worst floods a decade ago.
At about 12:30 pm, after an alert from the city government, the bank let the staff leave early. Some colleagues, who had already left, called to say that they were stranded （被滞留的）.The train services had been stalled （停止运转） and there were no other means of transport available either. A senior colleague, who happened to live in the same district, offered me a lift in his car. I agreed happily, and so did other colleagues, since it would have been risky to walk into the driving rain.
The rain poured down continuously, with waist-high water soon on the road. In the midway, the rainwater reached our car's engine. We had no option but to park nearby. The first dry place we found was under a giant tree. We also spotted a tea stall nearby and got ourselves some much-needed tea and refreshments.
All along, I got phone calls from my wife and parents, who were tracking the flood situation on TV and anxious for me. We looked up weather updates on our mobile phones and got more and more tense—home seemed far away. If it had not been for my portable （便携的） power bank, all our phones would have been dead.
Our train of thought was suddenly interrupted by a raised voice. We looked around and found a lady calling out from the balcony of a building behind us, “Please come in and make yourselves comfortable. How long will you stand out there ” She shouted out. We thanked her, but continued to wait.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
After half an hour or so, I felt a touch on my shoulder._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We didn't want further favours, but the family seemed to sense our must to spend the night._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作提示】
1.材料导读
材料大意 两年前的一个雨天，作者去上班，到达办公室几小时后，毛毛细雨变成倾盆大雨。雨势凶猛，公司要求职员回家。但列车停运了，作者乘同事的车返回。返回路上，齐腰的水导致车熄火，作者和同事有幸找到一个干的地方。这时身后一栋楼的阳台上有一位女士让作者和同事进自己家休息。
故事背景 作者所在的城市下起了倾盆大雨，作者搭同事车回家的路上，齐腰的水导致车熄火了。
主要角色 作者、作者的同事、善良的女士
写作顺序 时间顺序
需要解决的问题 大雨中汽车熄火，作者和同事无法回家。
2.续写分析
续写第一段（提示句：大约过了半个小时，我感到有人碰了一下我的肩膀。） 根据第一段首句内容可知，本段可描述拍作者肩膀的正是刚刚那位女士，她说服作者和同事去自己家，作者一行人去那位女士家受到了款待，与此同时作者一行人也保证等洪水退去他们就离开。
续写第二段（提示句：我们不想再得到更多帮助了，但这家人似乎感觉到了我们必须在这里过夜。） 根据第二段首句内容可知，本段可描述作者和同事最终留下过夜，对主人的行为感动万分。他们按承诺在洪水退去时安静离开，并留下了感谢的话语。
情感变化 作者接到通知离开公司时的焦虑——同事提供帮助的高兴——车被洪水困住熄火后的焦急与担忧——被善良女士邀请到家里的欣喜——受到款待及留宿女士家后的感动与感激
3.提分词句
persuade sb to do sth, be grateful for sth （to sb）, insist that sb （should） do sth, make oneself comfortable, Not wanting to disturb our sleeping hosts （现在分词短语作状语）等。
【参考范文】
After half an hour or so, I felt a touch on my shoulder.The lady from the balcony came with her brother.They persuaded us to follow them.We were pleased to meet the family.We were offered tea and the use of their washroom.Grateful for everything, we assured them that we would leave as soon as the water went down.However, the family insisted that we have dinner that was being cooked for us.
We didn't want further favours, but the family seemed to sense our must to spend the night.Despite our hesitation, they brought in carpets and mats, spread them out and asked us to make ourselves comfortable.We were simply touched by their kindness.At about 4 am, the floodwaters finally started to go down.Extremely relieved at this, we started heading out.Not wanting to disturb our sleeping hosts, we quietly slipped a thank-you note under their door and left.
词汇加油站
核心词汇
acknowledge vt.承认
熟词生义
address 熟义：n.住址 生义：vt.设法解决；处理；对付；演说