外研版（2019） 必修第二册 Unit 5 On the road课件(共114张PPT)

(共114张PPT)
必修第二册
Unit 5 On the road
01
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The artworks of the Forbidden City are well preserved by ___________ （profession） staff.
professional
解析 句意为：紫禁城的艺术品被专业人员很好地保护着。设空处修饰名词staff，需要用形容词作定语，故填professional。
2.__________（previous）, weightlifters in the Olympics were all required to compete against each other, regardless of their size.
Previously
解析 句意为：以前，奥运会上的举重运动员都要互相进行比赛，不管他们的体型大小如何。设空处修饰整个句子，需填副词，句首单词首字母应大写，故填Previously。
3.The airline operates flights to most international tourist ___________ （destination）.
destinations
解析 句意为：该航空公司运营飞往大多数国际旅游目的地的航班。destination意为“目的地”，为可数名词，根据修饰词most可知，此处应用其复数形式。
4.Mrs Wilson was very pleased _____ herself when the new dish was ready.
with
解析 句意为：当那道新菜做好时威尔逊夫人对自己很满意。be pleased with oneself 意为“沾沾自喜”，为固定搭配。故填with。
5.We talk a lot about nothing ___ particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life.
in
解析 句意为：我们谈了很多无关紧要的事情，仅仅是为了避免面对生活中真正重要的问题。in particular为固定搭配， 意为“特别；尤其”，故填in。
6.Yang Hanwen, a winner from Xiamen, has fallen ___ love with astrophotography since he was 12 years old after seeing the movie The Wandering Earth.
in
解析 句意为：来自厦门的获胜者杨瀚文在12岁时看了电影《流浪地球》后就爱上了天文摄影。fall in love with… 意为“爱上……”，为固定搭配。
7.After his death, his oldest son was determined ___________ （shoulder） the responsibility for protecting the library.
to shoulder
解析 句意为：他死后，他的大儿子决心肩负起保护图书馆的责任。be determined to do sth为固定搭配，意为“决心做某事”。
8.He makes up his mind to take every opportunity _________ （make） his dream come true.
to make
解析 句意为：他决心把握一切机会实现他的梦想。opportunity意为“机会”，为表示抽象意义的名词，其后常接动词不定式作后置定语。
9.We are called on to learn from Lei Feng, _____ we think sets a good example to us.
who
解析 句意为：我们都被号召向雷锋学习，我们认为他为我们树立了一个好榜样。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Lei Feng，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。
10.The air will be better if everyone _____ （do） something to protect the environment.
does
解析 句意为：如果每个人都做些事情来保护环境，空气就会变好。if 表示“假设；如果”，可引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时表示将来含义，且从句的主语everyone为单数，故填does。
根据提示补全句子。
1.经常阅读有助于语言流畅，因为人们会对词汇变得熟悉。（familiar）
Reading often aids in fluency because one _____ ________ _____ the words.
gets
familiar
with
解析 get familiar with 为固定短语，意为“变得熟悉”。由前面的aids可知，从句要用一般现在时，且从句主语one为单数形式，故填gets familiar with。
2.你要对你的健康负责，停止吃垃圾食品。（quit）
You should be responsible for your fitness and _____ _______ _____ _____.
quit
eating
junk
food
3.音乐老师保罗在一次排练结束时对学生们的表演作了评价。
Paul, a music teacher, ______ __________ _________ the students’ performance at the end of a rehearsal.
made
comments
on/about
4.无可否认，这种技术将对我们的日常生活产生重大影响。（impact）
There can be no denying that the technology will __________ ___ huge _______ ________ ____ ______________ ____.
have/make
a
impact
on/upon
our
everyday/daily
life
5.当谈到保持健康时，人们首先会想到定期锻炼。（come to; think）
______ ___ _______ ___ ________ __________, the first thing _______ _____ ______ ___ is taking regular exercise.
When
it
comes
to
keeping
healthy/fit
people
will
think
of
解析 when it comes to sth为固定表达，意为“谈及某事”。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I am Lauren Elizabeth Pirie Bath. Several years ago, I was a chef, but now I am Australia’s first professional photo blogger. I spend most of my time 1. .（travel） and taking photos of the scenery, and then I post them 2. . my blog.
I 3. . （visit） Western Australia and fell in love with northern WA. Some of my best photos were taken in the northern WA but my best work trip was to the Kimberley region. The Kimberley region is unique, untouched and 4. . （extreme） beautiful.
I love the bright light and amazing colours. I love nature and I try 5. . （I）best to get outside and admire the natural world. I love to photograph the 6. . （rise）sun and animals.
I want to use my photography to make people realise some 7. . （environment） issues. For example, there is a crocodile 8. . is familiar with humans. She isn’t afraid of people because 9. . （passenger） always throw food to feed her. This has made her 10. . threat to people nearby. I hope I can make people aware of the problem.
travelling
on
visited
extremely
my
rising
environmental
that/which
passengers
a
1._________
travelling
解析 spend… （in）doing sth 为固定表达，意为“花费（时间/金钱/精力）做某事”。
2.____
on
解析 post… on… 为固定搭配，意为“在……上发布……”。
3._______
visited
解析 根据fell in love with可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。
4.__________
extremely
解析 设空处修饰形容词beautiful，应用副词。
5.____
my
解析 try one’s best to do sth为固定搭配，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。
6.______
rising
解析 此处修饰名词sun，作定语，rise与sun之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
7._____________
environmental
解析 设空处与some一起修饰名词issues，应用形容词。
8.__________
that/which
解析 分析句子结构可知，定语从句缺少主语。先行词crocodile指物，故填关系代词that/which。
9.__________
passengers
解析 设空处作because引导的原因状语从句的主语，根据语境可知，此处表示复数，应用名词复数形式。
10.___
a
解析 此处threat指“形成威胁的事物”，为可数名词，此处表泛指，且threat的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。
[安徽宿州十三所重点中学2023高一期中] 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hiking tours are a kind of adventure tourism. Generally speaking, these tours focus almost entirely 1. . hiking from one place to another. Hiking tours can be done as a group activity or alone.
There are many different ways of organising hiking tours. Some people like to go out into the areas where there are very few people and travel over a long 2. . （distant）from one place to another. They usually stay in hotels overnight before 3. . （travel） to the next place on the following day.
Guides can make hiking trips safer and more focused. Some hikers prefer to take hiking tours without guides because of costs or because they want to challenge 4. . （they）. However, employing a reliable guide during a hiking tour 5. . （consider） as a better choice for less experienced hikers.
on/upon
distance
travelling
themselves
is considered
The activity can be very tiring, and those 6. . are new to hiking may worry that they aren’t 7. . （physical） able to finish the tours. Sometimes it can be helpful for people 8. . （go） to the doctor and make sure it is safe for them to choose 9. . difficult hike. Sometimes, a 10. . （challenge） hike can be deadly for someone having heart disease.
who
physically
to go
a
challenging
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了徒步旅行这种旅行方式，并给出了一些建议。
1.________
on/upon
解析 句意为：一般说来，这些旅行几乎都集中在从一个地方到另一个地方的徒步旅行上。短语focus on/upon… 表示“集中（注意力、精力等）于……”。故填on/upon。
2.________
distance
解析 句意为：有些人喜欢到人很少的地方去，进行长途旅行。根据形容词long可知此处应用名词，distance在此处表示“距离”，冠词a提示用可数名词的单数形式。故填distance。
3._________
travelling
解析 句意为：在第二天去下一站旅游之前，他们通常在旅馆住上一晚。介词before后用动名词形式作宾语。故填travelling。
4.___________
themselves
解析 句意为：一些徒步者更喜欢不用向导是因为费用问题或者他们想挑战一下自己。动作的执行者和承受者所指相同，应用反身代词。故填themselves。
5._____________
is considered
解析 句意为：然而，对于缺少经验的徒步旅行者来说，在徒步旅行时雇一个可靠的向导被认为是更好的选择。本句主语employing a reliable guide during a hiking tour与consider之间为被动关系，因此应用被动语态；结合上下文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时；动名词短语作主语表示一件事情时，谓语动词用单数。故填is considered。
6._____
who
解析 句意为：这项活动可能会令人很疲惫，那些徒步旅行新手可能担心他们的身体不能完成这些旅行。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，关系词在定语从句中作主语。当先行词是those, anyone, one等且指人时，关系代词只能用who。故填who。
7.__________
physically
解析 句意见上一题解析。此处修饰形容词able，故用副词形式。故填physically。
8.______
to go
解析 句意为：有时人们向医生核实一下他们选择一项困难的徒步旅行是否安全可能会有用。it is helpful for sb to do sth意为“某人做某事有用”，为固定句型。故填to go。
9.___
a
解析 句意见上一题解析。此处修饰可数名词hike，表泛指，且difficult的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。
10.___________
challenging
解析 句意为：有时，一次具有挑战性的徒步旅行对患有心脏病的人来说可能是致命的。修饰名词hike应用形容词，作定语，表示“富于挑战性的”。故填challenging。
01
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
[广东深圳实验学校2023高一段测] A
Follow this four-day route, and you’ll lose yourself in the Wizarding World of Harry Potter.
Day 1 Overview Edinburgh
It was in Scotland’s capital city that J. K. Rowling started to plot the adventures of Harry and his pals. With stoned streets, winding alleys and medieval （中世纪的） architecture, the city certainly has a few things in common with the settings from the books and films. She wrote the early chapters in various cafés around the city’s Old Town.
Day 2 Overview travel to Fort William
Travel by train from Edinburgh to Glasgow. From there, you can take the West Highland Line to Fort William. This is a great way to see some famous spots from the window, including the mysterious Rannoch Moor, the place where Death Eaters board the train in the movie Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.
Day 3 Overview all aboard the Hogwarts Express
Witness the sweeping cinematic scenery of the Harry Potter movie series by booking a seat on the Jacobite Steam Train. Stop for lunch in Mallaig and then make the return journey to Fort William. Please be sure to book the steam train in advance, as it is exceedingly popular. By the way, it runs seasonally.
Day 4 Overview lakes and glens（峡谷）
In the films, mysterious, misty landscapes frame the background of Harry’s tale, so it’s no surprise that the film producers chose the Highlands for many scenes. Spend a day wandering through some of these beautiful spots and feel the magical atmosphere.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了《哈利·波特》系列电影的经典拍摄地的四天之旅。
1.Where did J. K. Rowling create Harry Potter at first ( )
A
A.In Edinburgh. B.In Mallaig. C.In Glasgow. D.In Fort William.
解析 细节理解题。根据Day 1 Overview Edinburgh部分中的It was in Scotland’s capital city that J.K.Rowling started to plot the adventures of Harry and his pals.可知，J. K. 罗琳最初是在爱丁堡创作的哈利·波特这一角色。故选A项。
2.What should you pay attention to if taking the Jacobite Steam Train ( )
B
A.Reviewing the movie early. B.Booking tickets in advance.
C.Bringing lunch ahead of time. D.Buying one-way tickets specially.
解析 细节理解题。根据Day 3 Overview all aboard the Hogwarts Express部分中的Please be sure to book the steam train in advance, as it is exceedingly popular.可知，乘坐“詹姆斯二世党人”蒸汽火车务必提前订票。故选B项。
3.In which section of a newspaper will you read the text ( )
C
A.Current Affairs. B.Technology. C.Tours. D.Biography.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍了一条为期四天的旅游线路，所以本文可能来自报纸的旅游版块。故选C项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.plot vt.（为小说、戏剧等）设计情节；布局 n.故事情节
2.winding adj.曲折的；弯曲的；蜿蜒的
B
A while back I caught a news report on something called “couch surfing” and the network of trusted souls who make this phenomenon possible. They offer to put up travellers free of charge and help them on their ways. At first, it sounded unbelievable. I mean, inviting strangers into your home for one or two nights Give me a break.
However, I was intrigued. I decided to investigate. The only way to truly learn about this phenomenon was to dive in. So I planned a trip to Finland, a country I’ve always wanted to explore. I would couch surf at every stop there.
If ever any anxiety existed when stepping into the unknown, it disappeared when my first host met me at the train station. Ari looked like my idea of a typical Finn: tall and blue-eyed. Finns were also supposed to be famously reserved （寡言的）. Ari was anything but. He was a live wire, giving me an enthusiastic welcome and hiking with me to his apartment, where he showed me the sleeper sofa, served me tea, and engaged me in lively conversation. He also handed me a key to come and go as I pleased.
If this was what couch surfing was all about—trust and friendship—then I had got off to a good start. As I boarded my next train to continue my journey, I began to think about this couch-surfing idea. What urged these people to open their homes to strangers I concluded that there was a desire to lend a hand to like-minded folk who might enrich their own lives.
Seven cities in 14 days. Seven hosts. Seven new friends. If couch surfing taught me something, it’s this: Most people are good and generous. Where will couch surfing take me next Who knows But I can’t wait to find out.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从初步了解到亲身体验“沙发旅行”这种旅游模式（在旅游时，由一个陌生的当地人提供免费吃住并担当导游，这是基于相互信任和共同志趣建立起来的一种旅游模式），再到得出感悟的全过程。
1.Which of the following best explains “intrigued” underlined in the second paragraph ( )
C
A.Relaxed. B.Disgusted. C.Interested. D.Embarrassed.
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的I decided to investigate.可知，作者对此感兴趣，决定展开调查。由此可知，画线词词义为“感兴趣的”，故选C项。
2.What can we know about Ari ( )
C
A.He was reserved like most Finns. B.He talked less but he was friendly.
C.He treated the author as a friend. D.He saw off the author at the train station.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后三句Ari was anything but. He was a live wire, giving me an enthusiastic welcome and hiking with me to his apartment, where he showed me the sleeper sofa, served me tea, and engaged me in lively conversation.He also handed me a key to come and go as I pleased.可知，阿里对作者非常热情并且非常信任，像对待朋友一样对待作者，故选C项。
【知识拓展】anything but, nothing but, all but及everything but的用法
（1）anything but意为“决不，根本不”（表示强调）。 如：I will be anything but quiet on Saturday night! 星期六的晚上我根本静不下心来！
（2）nothing but意为“只有；只是”。如：All that money brought nothing but sadness, misery and tragedy.那笔钱带来的只有伤心、痛苦和不幸。
（3）all but意为“几乎，差不多”。如：He has been all but forgotten.他几乎已被人遗忘。
（4）everything but意为“除了……之外的一切事物”。如：I would like everything but onions.除了洋葱我都要。
3.Why did people offer couch surfing to strangers ( )
D
A.To take an adventure with strangers. B.To exchange houses for a short time.
C.To learn more about others’ family lives. D.To enrich their own lives by helping others.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的第三、四句What urged these people to open their homes to strangers I concluded that there was a desire to lend a hand to like-minded folk who might enrich their own lives.可知，人们向陌生人提供“沙发旅行”服务是为了通过帮助他人来充实自己的生活，故选D项。
4.What can be the suitable title for the text ( )
A
A.Travel on Trust and Couches B.Free Travel in Finland
C.Experiences in Strangers’ Houses D.A Plan for Couch Surfing
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者从初步了解到亲身体验“沙发旅行”这种旅游模式（指在当地陌生人的家里基于相互信任共同生活一两天），再到得出感悟的全过程。全文围绕两个关键词couch surfing和 travel 展开，故选A项。
长难句分析
句意：他是一个活跃的人，热情地欢迎我，并和我一起走到他的公寓，在那里他给我看了沙发床、给我倒了茶并和我进行了愉快的交谈。
[辽宁沈阳协作校2023高一期末] Travel is an important part of your life, and it will make a comeback soon. Here are the most powerful benefits of travelling, including health, happiness, and more!
1. . From running to get to airports and train stations to hiking along the beach to get some vitamin D, there are some reasons why travel is beneficial to your health. According to a study, travel decreases the risks of heart attacks and makes your brain healthy.
Travel can contribute to your happiness.2. . If you can go out and escape from your work, lessons or any other things possibly weighing you down, you will surely have a smile on your face. Travel will also leave you with a longer-lasting sense of happiness.
Travel relieves stress and anxiety. According to a trial conducted by Austrian researchers and published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, one of the great travel benefits is that it can reduce stress levels and anxiety. Even just one short vacation has positive effects on your emotions.3. .
A
C
E
Travel enables you to experience new things. When you travel, you are stepping outside your comfort zone, for one thing.4. . Even if your destination is relatively nearby （across the country rather than internationally）, you can learn something new.
Travel can improve your creativity. Are you a student, artist, writer, photographer, advertising manager, or video game designer struggling with coming up with your next great idea 5. . So go ahead and book some flight tickets if you’re considering improving your creativity.
D
G
A.Travel makes you healthy.
B.Travel can improve brain activity.
C.An outing enables you to get away from daily things.
D.You are still experiencing new things, for another thing.
E.And the good effects last quite a while after you get home.
F.Don’t come up with new ideas on the journey to foreign countries.
G.No matter who you are, travel can help you become more creative.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了旅行的好处。
1.___
A
解析 根据下文From running to get to airports and train stations to hiking along the beach to get some vitamin D, there are some reasons why travel is beneficial to your health.可知，本段主要讲述旅行对健康的好处，A项（旅行让你变得健康）符合语境。故选A项。
2.___
C
解析 根据下文If you can go out and escape from your work, lessons or any other things possibly weighing you down, you will surely have a smile on your face.可知，旅行可以让人走出家门，远离日常事务，C项（旅行能使你远离日常琐事）与下文衔接紧密。故选C项。
3.___
E
解析 上文Even just one short vacation has positive effects on your emotions.提到即使是一次短暂的旅行也对情绪有积极的影响，E项（而且这种积极的影响在你回家后还会持续很长一段时间）符合语境，E项中的good effects与上文的positive effects呼应。故选E项。
4.___
D
解析 根据本段主旨句Travel enables you to experience new things.可知，设空处应与体验新事物有关，D项（另一方面，你还在体验新的事物）符合语境，D项中的for another thing与上文for one thing呼应。故选D项。
5.___
G
解析 根据本段主旨句Travel can improve your creativity.可知，设空处应与“旅行能够提高创造力”有关，G项（无论你是谁，旅行都能帮助你变得更有创造力）符合语境，G项中的No matter who you are呼应设空处前一句。故选G项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.contribute to促成；是……的原因之一；增加
2.come up with想出，想到（主意、答案等）
进阶词汇
1.comeback n.重新流行；再度受欢迎
2.weigh sb down使某人烦恼；使某人感到焦虑
熟词生义
attack 熟义：n.攻击 vi. & vt.袭击；攻击
生义：n.（尤指常发疾病的）发作，侵袭 vt.侵袭；损害
02
Period Ⅱ Using language—Presenting ideas
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Good student ___________ （engage） is a goal in schools everywhere.
engagement
解析 句意为：良好的学生参与度在任何地方都是学校的一个目标。设空处作句子的主语，应用名词，故填engagement。
2.Another _________ （drama） change that Connolly has felt in China is the widespread use of new technology.
dramatic
解析 句意为：康诺利在中国感受到的另外一个巨大变化就是新科技的广泛应用。设空处修饰名词change，需要用形容词作定语，故填dramatic。
3.Located in the centre of Melbourne are two tall towers designed by architect Phil Rowe, both of them shaped like ________ （mass） tree houses rather than skyscrapers.
massive
解析 句意为：坐落在墨尔本市中心的是由建筑设计师菲尔·罗设计的两座高塔，它们的形状都像巨大的树屋而不像摩天大楼。设空处修饰名词tree houses，需要用形容词作定语，根据句意可知，应填massive。
4.Planning a trip ____ a tight budget often involves searching for specials.
on
解析 句意为：安排一次预算紧张的旅行经常需要寻找特价产品。on a tight budget为固定搭配，意为“预算紧张的”，故填on。
5.Every few minutes a bus will come to a site to pick ____ the passengers.
up
解析 句意为：每隔几分钟就会有一辆公共汽车来接乘客。pick up为固定搭配，意为“让人乘车；搭载”。
【知识拓展】pick up一词多义
（1）拿起；举起；提起。如：He picked his cap up from the floor and stuck it back on his head.他从地板上拾起帽子，重新戴在头上。（2）（偶然）得到，听到，学会。如：Lucy picked up French when she was living in Paris.露西居住在巴黎时顺便学会了法语。（3）辨认；识别出。如：Scientists can now pick up early signs of the disease.现在科学家能够辨认这种疾病的早期症状。（4）取回。如：I picked up my coat from the cleaners.我从干洗店取回了外衣。（5）接收（信号、声音、图像等）。如：We can pick up Italian television.我们能收看到意大利的电视节目。（6）得；感染；得到。如：She picked up a really serious disease.她得了很严重的病。
6.If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would not manage ________（carry） out the project now.
to carry
解析 句意为：如果当初没有采纳你的建议，现在我就无法实施这个项目了。manage to do sth为固定搭配，意为“设法做成某事”。
7.When the plants grow out of the soil, transfer them ___ your flower bed where they can grow well.
to
解析 句意为：当植物从土壤中长出来时，把它们转移到你的花坛里，在那里它们可以长得很好。transfer… （from…） to… 为固定搭配，意为“把……（从……）转移到……”。
8.I was going to pay ___ cash when it suddenly occurred to me that I had left my purse at home.
in
解析 句意为：我正要付现金，突然想起来我把钱包忘在了家里。pay in cash为固定短语，意为“用现金支付”。
9.Because of the development of the Internet, it is convenient for us to keep in touch _____ our friends far away.
with
解析 句意为：由于因特网的发展，我们可以方便地与远方的朋友保持联系。keep in touch with… 为固定搭配，意为“与……保持联系”。
10.The statues fill only one part of the emperor’s huge tomb, _______ still has not been completely unearthed.
which
解析 句意为：这些雕像只占了这位皇帝巨大陵墓的一部分，这座陵墓至今仍未完全出土。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为tomb,指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导该从句。
根据提示补全句子。
1.研究表明，忙于课外活动的学生比不怎么参加课外活动的学生更开心。（engage）
A study shows the students _________ ____ ________ ___ after-school activities are happier than those who are not.
who/that
are
engaged
in
解析 shows后面为宾语从句，宾语从句的主干为the students are happier;该句中包含定语从句，修饰先行词students，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who或that来引导该从句；be engaged in 为固定短语，意为“参加；从事于”；由前面的shows可知，从句要用一般现在时，且先行词students为复数形式，故填who/that are engaged in。
2.我迫不及待地想报名参加职业生涯规划培训班。
__ _____ _____ ___ sign up for a training course on career planning.
I
can’t
wait
to
3.他们在困难时互相帮助，在伤心时互相鼓励。（cheer）
They help each other when they are in trouble, and ______ _____ ______ ____ when they are sad.
cheer
each
other
up
4.毫无疑问，这个活动给我们提供了一个亲近大自然的机会。
______ ___ ____ ______ _____ the activity offers us a chance ___ ____ close to nature.
There
is
no
doubt
that
to
get
5.正是她的友善和责任感让我们很尊重她。（强调句）
___ ___ her friendliness and ____ ______ ___ _____________ _____ make us respect her.
It
is
the
sense
of
responsibility
that
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It’s an unspoiled place with over 50 miles of _______ （hike） trails （小径）.
hiking
解析 句意为：它是一个未遭破坏的地方，有超过50英里的远足小径。此处作定语修饰名词trails, 且表示所修饰名词的用途，故用动名词形式。故填hiking。
【知识拓展】动名词作定语
动名词作定语时常置于被修饰词之前，用于说明被修饰词的用途、功能或目的。如：a walking stick拐杖
2.The Athens Chinese Traditional Medicine Center is targeting the 20,000 members of the growing Chinese community ______ （live） in Greece.［China Daily］
living
解析 句意为：雅典中医药中心以生活在希腊的不断扩大的华人社区的2万人口为目标人群。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is targeting，设空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰the 20,000 members。the 20,000 members与live之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词living。
3.The building __________ （measure） 100 metres high is located in the centre of the city.
measuring
解析 句意为：这座100米高的建筑位于市中心。句中已有谓语is located,设空处应用非谓语形式；measure与The building之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词短语作后置定语。
4.Enjoying the convenience brought by modern technology, we have to deal with the problems _______ （arise） from it.
arising
解析 句意为：在享受现代科技带来的便利的同时，我们不得不处理由此产生的问题。句中已有谓语have to deal with，设空处应用非谓语形式；arise与problems之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词短语作后置定语。
5.The team __________ （consist） of doctors and rescuers was immediately sent to the disaster area.
consisting
解析 句意为：由医生和救援人员组成的团队被立刻派往了灾区。句中已有谓语was sent，设空处应用非谓语形式；consist of与The team之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词短语作后置定语。
6.According to the expert, the building has a history _______ （date） back to the early Ming Dynasty.
dating
解析 句意为：据专家介绍，这座建筑物的历史可追溯到明朝初期。句中已有谓语动词has，设空处应用非谓语形式；date back to意为“追溯到”，与history之间为逻辑上的主动关系，因此，应用现在分词短语作后置定语。
7.The library ______________ （design） now will be the biggest one in our city.
being designed
解析 句意为：现在正在被设计的图书馆将是我们市最大的图书馆。句中的will be… 为系表结构,设空处作后置定语，应用非谓语形式；design与The library之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且根据now可知，design的动作正在进行，应用现在分词的被动式作后置定语。
【知识拓展】分词作定语
（1）作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being+过去分词”和过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为逻辑上的主动关系时，用现在分词作定语；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being+过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。（2）作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示一个动作已完成，但不表被动。如：falling leaves正在下落的叶子；fallen leaves落叶。
8.The square in the community, _________ （equip） with some advanced facilities, is rather eye-catching.
equipped
解析 句意为：配备有一些先进设施的社区广场非常吸引人。本句中已有系动词is，设空处应用非谓语形式；equip与The square之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词短语作后置定语。
9.Though it is the only unnatural landscape on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _______ （ache） legs.
aching
解析 句意为：尽管这是登山途中唯一的人工造景，但它点亮了整个冒险之旅，并且让你有地方坐下来，让酸痛的腿歇一歇。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰legs，应用非谓语形式。ache与legs之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填aching。
10.[全国新高考Ⅱ2022] When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony （阳台）, Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _______ （fall） child.
falling
解析 句意为：当亨利看到一个小孩吊在六楼公寓阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了一个1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接这个正在下坠的孩子。设空处所在分句的谓语为held out，设空处应用非谓语动词形式。分析句子结构可知，此处作定语，修饰child；child和fall之间是逻辑上的主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义，应用现在分词。故填falling。
[江苏天一中学2023高一期中]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has countless attractions. The Great Wall is 1_________ （probable） one that is most familiar 2___ the Western tourists. The Great Wall is like a giant stone dragon, 3________ （wind） across the country from the ocean on the east to the desert on the west. It is the longest wall that 4______________ （build） ever, 1, 500 miles in 5_______ （long）.Along the wall are watchtowers, 6_______ soldiers were on the watch for threats. The wall was initially constructed 7__________ （prevent） invasion of neighbouring states, and the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty. From the top of the Great Wall, people can enjoy an impressive view of 8__________ （continue） mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. If we were to build such a wall now, we would use modern machines.9_________, the ancient Chinese had to build the wall by hand. The reason why the Great Wall attracts 10________ （tourist） from all over the world every year is that it represents the highest wisdom of ancient China. Just as the saying goes, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.”
probably
to
winding
has been built
length
where
to prevent
continuous
However
tourists
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西方游客所青睐的中国长城。
1._________
probably
解析 句意为：长城很可能是西方游客最熟悉的一个景点。设空处修饰be动词，作状语，应用副词。故填probably。
2.___
to
解析 句意见上一题解析。be familiar to... 为固定搭配，意为“为……所熟悉”，注意此处to是介词。故填to。
3.________
winding
解析 句意为：长城就像一条巨大的石龙，东起海洋，西至沙漠，蜿蜒穿过中国。分析句子结构可知，本句含主系表结构，句子中已经有系动词，设空处作状语，应用非谓语动词，wind在此处作动词，意为“蜿蜒”，与The Great Wall之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填winding。
4.______________
has been built
解析 句意为：这是迄今为止建造的最长的城墙，有1,500英里长。分析句子结构可知，空前的that引导定语从句，修饰wall，设空处在从句中作谓语；结合语境可知，此处是指到现在为止建造的最长的城墙，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，且时间状语ever常用于现在完成时，因此从句应用现在完成时；that指代wall，与动词build之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，且谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been built。
5._______
length
解析 句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，此处是指“在长度上”，应用固定搭配in length。故填length。
6._______
where
解析 句意为：沿着城墙有瞭望塔，士兵们在那里防范威胁。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是watchtowers，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
7.__________
to prevent
解析 句意为：长城最初是为了防止邻国的入侵而修建的，现存的长城大部分是明朝修建的。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to prevent。
8.__________
continuous
解析 句意为：从长城的顶端，人们可以欣赏到由连绵的山、绿色的树和盛开的野花组成的壮观景色。此处修饰名词mountains，应用形容词作定语。故填continuous。
9._________
However
解析 句意为：然而，古代中国人必须用手工建造城墙。根据空前的use modern machines和空后的by hand可知，设空前后为转折关系，且有逗号隔开，应用表示转折的副词however；设空处位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填However。
10.________
tourists
解析 句意为：长城之所以每年都吸引着来自世界各地的游客，是因为它代表了中国古代最高的智慧。根据语境和空后的from all over the world可知，此处表示复数概念，应用名词复数形式。故填tourists。
02
Period Ⅱ Using language—Presenting ideas
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
[全国甲2022] A
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins （企鹅） longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career （职业） as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了热爱旅行的金尼在退休之后开始环游世界，并在2008年进行了令她难忘的南极洲之旅。
1.Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2 ( )
A
A.Try challenging things. B.Take a degree.
C.Bring back lost memories. D.Stick to a promise.
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词组所在句的前一句中的she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further以及画线词组所在句可知，金尼曾在英国旅行，但一直想要进一步探索世界，现在她已经退休，儿子们也已离家自立，她认为是时候做自己一直想做的事情了。再根据第三段对金尼环游世界的介绍并结合选项可知，画线词组指尝试做一些具有挑战性的事情。故选A项。B项意为“攻读学位”；C项意为“找回失去的记忆”；D项意为“信守承诺”。
2.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica ( )
C
A.Lovely penguins. B.Beautiful scenery. C.A discount fare. D.A friend's invitation.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica 和“I just decided I wanted to go,” she says.可知，她在智利的时候发现她可以买到去南极洲的便宜的船票，所以她决定去南极洲，即折扣票价让她决定去南极洲旅行。C项“A discount fare”意为“折扣票价”，符合文意。故选C项。
3.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey ( )
C
A.It could be a home for her. B.It should be easily accessible.
C.It should be well preserved. D.It needs to be fully introduced.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.可知，金尼意识到南极洲是一个珍贵的地方，应该被人类尊重。由此可推知，金尼在去南极洲旅行之后,认为南极洲应该被好好保护。故选C项。
【方法总结】本题的解题关键在于理解原文最后一段的意思,而理解该句句意的关键在于对短语hit home的理解。hit home 是一个固定短语，意为“（形势、经历）使人豁然醒悟；正中要害”，例如：Graham didn't reply, but he could see his words had hit home.（格雷厄姆没有回答，但他能看出自己的话说到点子上了。）在本文语境中，hit home表示金尼最深刻的感受之一是意识到这是一块宝地，应该受到人类的尊重。
4.What is the text mainly about ( )
B
A.A childhood dream. B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world. D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
解析 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了爱好旅行的主人公金尼在退休之后开始环游世界，以及偶然得到机会去南极洲旅行的经历，最后两段主要讲述了她在南极洲的所见所闻以及自己的感想。由此可知，B项（一次难忘的经历）符合文意。故选B项。
[河南安阳2023高一段测] B
In February, 2021, NASA announced that its Mars explorer, Perseverance, landed successfully on the Red Planet.Perseverance is on a mission to collect Martian soil and rocks as part of a search for signs of ancient life.
Perseverance landed in an area of Mars called Jezero Crater. Scientists believe the area has a large ancient lakebed. NASA considers the area a promising place to find possible signs of microbial life.
Perseverance carried to Mars a small experimental helicopter named Ingenuity. In April, NASA announced Ingenuity had successfully completed a take-off and landing on the planet. It said the flight was historic; it marked the first time any aircraft had performed a powered, controlled flight on another planet.
In July, British billionaire Richard Branson went into space on a rocket plane built by Virgin Galactic, the space tourism company he created. Branson joined two pilots and three other mission experts on the flight. Virgin Galactic aims to fly private citizens to the edge of space to experience a few minutes of weightlessness and observe the Earth.
A little over a week later, American billionaire Jeff Bezos flew to the edge of space on a rocket built by his company, Blue Origin. Three other people took the quick trip with him: Bezos’ brother, a Dutch teenager and an 82-year-old pilot.
The flights by Branson and Bezos officially started a new industry that promises any citizen the chance to visit space. Such trips will be costly, however. Virgin Galactic’s price for a single flight is?$250,000. Blue Origin has not publicly announced its price. Both businesses have built operating bases, called “spaceports”, in the rural areas of the US.
And in December, Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa arrived at the International Space Station （ISS）, their destination where they stayed for 12 days. The businessman arrived along with an assistant aboard a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. The price of that trip has not been made public, but some reports say it cost up to $50 million.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。2021年2月，美国国家航空航天局宣布其火星探测器“毅力号”成功登陆火星，文章主要介绍了火星探索方面的一些进展以及太空旅游的兴起。
1.What is Virgin Galactic’s goal ( )
C
A.To search for life in space. B.To draw people’s attention to space.
C.To develop space tourism for the public. D.To support space exploration programmes.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Virgin Galactic aims to fly private citizens to the edge of space to experience a few minutes of weightlessness and observe the Earth.可知，“维珍银河”的目标是发展面向大众的太空旅游业务。故选C项。
2.What do we know about Richard Branson and Jeff Bezos ( )
D
A.They travelled in space with their family.
B.They went to the same place in space.
C.They tried to serve tourists in the countryside.
D.They rode a spacecraft built by their own company.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的In July, British billionaire Richard Branson went into space on a rocket plane built by Virgin Galactic, the space tourism company he created.以及倒数第三段中的A little over a week later, American billionaire Jeff Bezos flew to the edge of space on a rocket built by his company, Blue Origin.可知，理查德·布兰森和杰夫·贝索斯乘坐自己公司制造的航天器。故选D项。
3.What is still a secret about Yusaku Maezawa’s space travel ( )
A
A.Its cost. B.Its destination. C.Its travel period. D.Its transport.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The price of that trip has not been made public, but some reports say it cost up to?$50 million.可知，日本亿万富翁前泽友作的太空旅行的花费没有公开。故选A项。
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text ( )
D
A.Expensive Space Tourism in the Future B.Signs of Ancient Life Discovered on Mars
C.Travelling in Space, Billionaires’ Game D.Progress on Mars, Rise in Space Tourists
解析 主旨大意题。文章前三段介绍了“毅力号”火星探测器在探测火星方面取得的进展，后四段介绍了太空旅游的兴起。故D项（火星探索取得进展，太空游客人数增多）最适合作为本文的标题。故选D项。
【方法总结】如何选择说明文的最佳标题
文章标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。它的特点是：（1）短小精悍；（2）涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其涵盖的范围既不能太大，也不能太小；（3）精确性强；（4）能吸引读者的眼球，引起读者的阅读兴趣。
解答这类题目时，可结合文体判断。说明文是文体特征很明显的一类文本，在说明文中，作者通常会在文章的开头阐明文章的主旨或写作目的，或是在结尾处总结文章内容。阅读说明文时应做到：（1）先看文章的首段与尾段，找到文章的主旨句，定位关键信息；（2）再阅读每个段落，尤其是段落的首句和尾句，找到每个段落的主旨句，判断段落大意，从而判断出文章结构（总—分、总—分—总、分—总）；（3）根据以上信息对比四个选项，排除概括不全、概括范围过大等的干扰项，即可得出正确答案。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.announce vt.宣布；公布；郑重地说
2.historic adj.历史上重要的；古老的
3.perform vt.做；执行 vi. & vt.表演 vi.表现
进阶词汇
promising adj.有希望的；有前途的
词缀拓展
micro- prefix 极小的，微小的
microbial adj.微生物的
[湖北沙市中学2023高一期中] A 21-year-old woman has achieved an unbelievable feat （壮举） that many of us dream of—visiting every country on Earth.
Lexie Alford was born into a family of travel agents, which gave her the opportunity to . .1. . places such as Cambodia, Dubai and Egypt during her childhood. She began saving up at age 12 to . .2. . her goal of visiting all countries. By her 18th birthday, she had travelled to 72 nations. In October, 2016, she realised she could see the . .3. . nations on her list in time to set an official record. Many people . .4. . her travels on social media platform Instagram, and she decided to chase the world record partly to . .5. . others. “Honestly, in the beginning, I . .6. . wanted to push the . .7. . of what I thought I could do with my life and see as much of the world as possible in the . .8. .,” she told Forbes. “It wasn’t until things started getting really . .9. . that I realised I was inspiring people around me, especially the . .10. ..”
Lexie Alford said, “The most pleasant . .11. . about travelling to all these misunderstood areas of the world was that the countries that I had the least expectations for . .12. . to be the most incredible.”
“My . .13. . for young people is to believe that you can do anything you set your mind on. If you want to travel, you have to dream BIG—to travel around the world and never . .14. .; it’s only a matter of . .15. . until you can make it a reality.”
【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了一名21岁的女子莱克茜·奥尔福德完成了一件令人难以置信的事情——游览地球上的每个国家。这一举动激励着无数年轻人。
1.( )A.master B.settle C.tour D.love
C
解析 句意为：莱克茜·奥尔福德出生于一个旅行代理人之家，这让她在童年时期有机会游览柬埔寨、迪拜和埃及等地方。由前文was born into a family of travel agents可知，莱克茜·奥尔福德出生于旅行代理人之家，所以她有机会游览很多地方，tour在此处意为“旅游；观光”，符合语境。故选C项。
2.( )A.fund B.quit C.change D.register
A
解析 根据空前的saving up可知，她攒钱的目的应该是为她游览所有国家这个目标提供资金。fund意为“提供资金”，符合语境。故选A项。
【知识拓展】fund熟词生义
熟义：n.［C］基金 ［pl.］资金
生义：vt.为……提供资金；资助
3.( )A.powerful B.ideal C.unique D.remaining
D
解析 根据上文By her 18th birthday, she had travelled to 72 nations.可知，她已经游览了72个国家，由此可知，她意识到自己可以去看清单上其他的国家。remaining意为“其余的；剩余的;留下的”，符合语境。故选D项。ideal意为“理想的；最合适的”。
4.( )A.ranked B.analysed C.followed D.criticised
C
解析 根据后文I realised I was inspiring people around me可知，她意识到她的旅行激励了周围的人，由此可知，有许多人在社交媒体平台上关注她的旅行。follow意为“关注”，符合语境。故选C项。rank意为“排列”；analyse意为“分析”；criticise意为“批评”。
5.( )A.inspire B.contact C.understand D.accompany
A
解析 根据后文I realised I was inspiring people around me中的inspiring可知，她意识到她的旅行激励了周围的人，由此可知，她决定努力创造世界纪录，一部分是为了激励他人。故选A项。contact意为“联系”；accompany意为“陪伴”。
6.( )A.occasionally B.simply C.completely D.obviously
B
解析 根据句中in the beginning可知，此处说的是莱克茜·奥尔福德最开始的想法，刚开始她仅仅是为了突破自己认为自己可以做的事情的极限。simply意为“仅仅”，符合语境。故选B项。occasionally意为“偶尔”；completely意为“完全地”；obviously意为“明显地”。
7.( )A.limits B.buttons C.families D.comments
A
解析 根据上文中的She began saving up at age 12 to _____ her goal of visiting all countries.以及空后的what I thought I could do with my life可知，游览所有国家是她的目标，一开始，她只是想突破自己认为自己可以做的事情的极限。故选A项。
8.( )A.platform B.event C.process D.country
C
解析 根据句中的see as much of the world as possible可知，此处是指她想在环游世界、追逐梦想的过程中尽可能多地看世界。故选C项。
9.( )A.awkward B.official C.natural D.challenging
D
解析 根据句中的I realised I was inspiring people around me可知，她意识到自己的旅行变得具有挑战性，这鼓舞了周围的人。challenging意为“富于挑战性的”，符合语境。故选D项。
10.( )A.adults B.youngsters C.bosses D.agents
B
解析 根据最后一段第一句My _____ for young people is to believe that you can do anything you set your mind on.中的young people可知，莱克茜的经历主要鼓舞的是年轻人。故选B项。
11.( )A.embarrassment B.fright C.anxiety D.surprise
D
解析 句意为：莱克茜·奥尔福德说：“在前往世界上所有这些被误解的地区旅行中最令人惊喜之处是，我最不期待的国家最终成了最棒的国家。”这些被误解的地区本来是莱克茜最不期待的国家，却最终成为最棒的国家，所以此处应该指最令人惊喜的事情。故选D项。
12.( )A.started B.continued C.proved D.tended
C
解析 根据句中的the least expectations和the most incredible可知，此处指的是最不期待的国家最后成了最棒的国家。prove to be意为“证明是；被发现是”，符合语境。故选C项。
13.( )A.advice B.theory C.belief D.information
A
解析 根据句中的to believe that you can do anything you set your mind on可知，这应该是莱克茜·奥尔福德给年轻人的建议。故选A项。
14.( )A.make up B.break up C.clean up D.give up
D
解析 由前文you can do anything you set your mind on可知，作者建议永不言弃地追求梦想。故选D项。make up意为“和解”；break up意为“破碎”；clean up意为“打扫干净”。
15.( )A.honour B.career C.time D.energy
C
解析 根据上文My _____ for young people is to believe that you can do anything you set your mind on.可知，她建议年轻人相信自己可以做任何自己下定决心要做的事，由此可知，只要肯努力，实现梦想只是一个时间问题。故选C项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.be born into sth出生于某种境况或家庭
2.pleasant adj.令人愉快的，惬意的
3.set your mind on sth 下决心做某事；集中精力做某事
03
单元限时小卷
[湖北孝感2023高二期末] Music is a part of every culture around the world. In fact, the ability to appreciate music is built into our brains. Music makes us feel good. Many music studies look at the long-term benefits of being a music listener or participating in a music programme as a child. But can listening to music help us connect and empathise （产生共鸣） with someone right at the moment A new study aimed to find it out.
In this study, 60 university students were asked to watch several 15-second videos in which a person described an autobiographical （自传体的） experience. In some cases, people in the video talked about a relatively ordinary event, like moving into a new apartment, while other stories contained strong emotional content, like recalling a terrible accident or a loved one’s death.
建议用时：57分钟
While students watched these videos, the researchers randomly （随机） played either “emotionally neutral （中立的）” music or very sad music in the background. After watching each video, the students expressed how much sympathy they had for the person in the video, and how much they wanted to help that person. They were also tested on their social reasoning skills—how well they understood the person's thinking method in the video. All of these could be signs of empathic connection.
Results showed that people watching the sad videos felt more sadness themselves and more sympathy for the other person than those watching the neutral videos—not a big surprise. But these empathic feelings were strengthened by listening to sad music. The music had no effect, however, on whether or not the students could reason out the other person’s experience and understand what they might be thinking or feeling.
While music is not the only way—other art forms, like fiction and dancing, have also been shown to increase empathy, for example—music could be a powerful tool. “It’d be very interesting to extend our finding further, to see if listening to music in a social context can improve our real-world ability to empathise with and feel sympathy for others in the long term,” says the lead researcher Brennan McDonald.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。音乐是全世界文化的一部分，那么听音乐能帮助我们与此刻的某个人建立联系并产生共鸣吗？一项新的研究试图弄清楚这一点。
1.What does the new study want to find out ( )
C
A.Whether music can benefit us.
B.Whether music can arouse genuine emotions.
C.Whether music can improve the social effect.
D.Whether music programmes can increase our confidence.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的But can listening to music help us connect and empathise with someone right at the moment A new study aimed to find it out.可知，新的研究是想弄清楚听音乐是否能够提高人的短时共情能力，即听音乐给人带来的与社交相关的影响。故选C项。
2.What were the participants required to do during the study ( )
D
A.Film a short autobiographical video.
B.Share one of their miserable experiences.
C.Think up ways to help the person in need.
D.Watch videos while listening to different background music.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的While students watched these videos, the researchers randomly played either “emotionally neutral” music or very sad music in the background.可知，参与者在研究过程中被要求边看视频边听不同的背景音乐。故选D项。
3.Which of the following belongs to the opinion of the researchers ( )
A
A.We can increase our sympathy by using some music.
B.Music helps us understand others’ thinking processes.
C.Most adults are much more emotional than children.
D.Music can influence us both emotionally and intellectually.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的While music is not the only way—other art forms, like fiction and dancing, have also been shown to increase empathy, for example—music could be a powerful tool.可推知，我们可以使用某些音乐来提高我们的共情能力。故选A项。
4.What will the researcher Brennan probably do next ( )
B
A.Study different types of music.
B.Test the long-term effect of music on people.
C.Find more ways to make people more caring.
D.Compare the effect caused by music and other art forms.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It’d be very interesting to extend our finding further, to see if listening to music in a social context can improve our real-world ability to empathise with and feel sympathy for others in the long term,” says the lead researcher Brennan McDonald.，尤其是其中的关键词in the long term可知，研究人员布伦南接下来可能会测试音乐对人的长期影响。故选B项。
[湖南株洲天元区2023高一月考] Literature is the body of written works produced by scholars and researchers, who specialise in a given field. Why is literature important Let’s see.
Literary works are descriptions of the thinking patterns and social criteria （准则）. They’re a description of the different aspects of common people’s life.1. . They also encourage imagination and creativity. Exposing oneself to good literary works is like providing one with the finest educational opportunities. On the other hand, the lack of exposure to good literature is equal to depriving （剥夺） one of the opportunity to grow.
Some of the great literary works provide society with the guiding principles of life. Works by poets like Homer, Plato, Sappho, Horace and many more are timeless.2. . The Lord of the Rings and A Tale of Two Cities are some of the best-selling books of all time that have entertained several generations.
There are also great works in children's literature. Amused by the stories they tell, kids associate themselves with these books’ characters and idealise some of them. Moral stories are an aid for parents and teachers to let the kids learn important lessons in life. Aesop, Enid Blyton, and Mark Twain are some of the most widely popular children’s authors.3. .
D
F
C
True, languages are the building blocks of literature. But the study of literature cannot be restricted to only studying languages.4. . A degree in language and literature perhaps can’t provide one with everything literature can offer. Its scope （范围） is so deep and wide that even a lifetime may not be enough to really study literature.
5. . Great literary and poetic works help a person take a closer look at the different aspects of living. In many ways, literature, in its different forms, can change one’s attitude towards living.
E
A
A.Literature helps understand life.
B.Literature has an effect on health and wealth.
C.They have enriched the childhoods of so many.
D.Classical literary works serve as food for thought.
E.In fact, literature can’t be limited to an educational course.
F.They have always amused their readers and will continue to.
G.Instead, literature lays the foundation for a wealthy life, adding “life” to “living”.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了文学的重要性。
1.___
D
解析 设空处后一句They also encourage imagination and creativity.提到了文学作品的其中一个作用，根据其中的关键词also可知，设空处也应提到文学作品的作用。D项（经典文学作品引人深思）符合语境。
2.___
F
解析 空前一句论述了一些伟大的诗人的作品是永不过时的，F项（它们总是为读者提供消遣，并将继续这样做）接着论述这些作品的影响力，符合语境，F项中的They指代前一句中的Works。
3.___
C
解析 根据本段首句内容可知，本段介绍的是儿童文学的影响；设空处前一句列举了一些儿童文学作家，C项（他们丰富了许多人的童年）与本段儿童文学主题一致，选项中的They指代前一句中提到的儿童文学作家。
4.___
E
解析 设空处前一句指出文学研究不能局限于语言研究，设空处后一句又指出一个语言文学学位也许不能提供文学所能提供的一切，由此可推知，文学范围很广，不能仅限于语言研究，E项（事实上，文学不能局限于一门教育课程）与此处语义一致，符合语境。
5.___
A
解析 设空处位于段首，是段落主题句，结合空后的内容可知，本段主要讲述文学对生活的影响，the different aspects of living和change one’s attitude towards living为关键信息，故A项（文学有助于理解生活）符合语境。
[湖南邵阳2023高一期中]That year I was eleven and in sixth grade. In Wethersfield, all sixth-graders are . .1. . to take part in the R.O.P.E. Programme. Its main . .2. . is to believe your peers （同龄人）, work together, and . .3. . new adventures. The programme includes falling backwards and . .4. . peers to catch you, working together to fit into a small circle and something of that kind.
I was ready to take part in these . .5. .. Falling backwards and fitting into a small circle were nothing to me. Crossing over a stream with nothing holding me up but a rope was daring, but I could . .6. . it. Finally the day came when my sixth-grade class would travel to climb and abseil （绕绳下降） down a mountain in Southington. Those people who were too . .7. . were allowed to practise climbing and abseiling down a smaller area of rocks, but that wasn’t for me. I could climb the big mountain.
Twenty minutes later, my . .8. . arrived. As I was well . .9. ., I set off at once. I got a quarter of the way up but couldn’t seem to get any . .10. .. I tried and tried. I began to put myself down and cry. There was nothing more . .11. . than my classmates were looking at me. All I kept . .12. . was “Lisa, you can do it. Try to fit your foot in there. . .13. ., Lisa. You’re almost there.”
It was then that I thought to myself, “Why am I crying I can do this.” Almost . .14. . I went on going up the mountain. Within five minutes I successfully . .15. . to the top.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者六年级参加R.O.P.E.计划时，原本信心满满认为自己能爬到山顶，但爬到四分之一的位置时却爬不动了，最终她在同学们的鼓励下成功登上顶峰的故事。
1.( )A.forced B.reported C.required D.reminded
C
解析 根据空前的all sixth-graders可知，此处指所有六年级的学生都被要求参加R.O.P.E.计划。
2.( )A.idea B.result C.question D.road
A
解析 根据空后的to believe your peers, work together, and _____ new adventures可知，这些都是R.O.P.E.计划的意图。
3.( )A.run B.introduce C.experience D.describe
C
解析 根据下文中作者的攀登体验可知，此处指R.O.P.E.计划让六年级学生体验新的冒险。experience意为“体验；经历”。
4.( )A.begging B.commanding C.permitting D.trusting
D
解析 根据上文中的to believe your peers可知，R.O.P.E.计划的意图之一是让你相信你的同龄人，所以向后倒下时，你应该相信你的同龄人会接住你。
5.( )A.lectures B.discussions C.stories D.activities
D
解析 根据上文中的The programme includes falling backwards and _____ peers to catch you, working together to fit into a small circle and something of that kind.可知，此处指作者准备好参加R.O.P.E.计划的各种活动了。
6.( )A.handle B.discover C.change D.need
A
解析 根据空前的Crossing over a stream with nothing holding me up but a rope was daring, but I could可知，除了一根绳子，没有其他东西支撑作者越过小溪，但作者觉得自己能应对这种情况。handle意为“应付；处理”。
7.( )A.naughty B.noisy C.frightened D.annoyed
C
解析 根据空后的were allowed to practise climbing and abseiling down a smaller area of rocks可知，感到害怕的人可以在小范围的岩石上练习攀爬和绕绳下降。naughty意为“淘气的”；frightened意为“害怕的”；annoyed意为“烦恼的；生气的”。
8.( )A.friend B.turn C.teacher D.day
B
解析 根据空前的Twenty minutes later和下文中的I set off at once可知，此处指轮到作者攀登了。
9.( )A.relaxed B.balanced C.organised D.prepared
D
解析 根据上文中的I could climb the big mountain.可知，作者认为自己可以攀爬大山，信心满满，所以此处应该是说作者已经做好准备。balanced意为“客观公正的”；organised意为“有条理的”；prepared意为“准备好的”。
10.( )A.quicker B.warmer C.farther D.longer
C
解析 根据上文中的climb the big mountain以及下文中的I began to put myself down and cry.可知，作者信心满满地认为自己能攀爬大山，但爬到四分之一处时沮丧地哭了起来，所以此处指作者似乎无法爬得更远了。
11.( )A.awkward B.amazing C.exciting D.disappointing
A
解析 根据上文中的put myself down and cry和空后的my classmates were looking at me可知，作者攀爬受挫，开始哭泣，同学们注视着这一幕，这让作者感到非常尴尬。awkward意为“令人尴尬的”。
12.( )A.shouting B.remembering C.learning D.hearing
D
解析 根据空后的Lisa, you can do it.Try to fit your foot in there.可知，这是作者听到的话的内容。
13.( )A.Watch out B.Come on C.Hurry up D.Walk along
B
解析 根据语境可知，作者听到的应是他人鼓励自己的话语。come on意为“加油”，符合语境。
14.( )A.completely B.carefully C.dangerously D.immediately
D
解析 根据上文中作者听到鼓励自己的话以及“Why am I crying I can do this.”可知，作者立刻重拾信心，继续攀爬。
15.( )A.returned B.got C.rose D.took
B
解析 根据空前的successfully可知，作者成功登顶。get意为“到达”，符合语境。
[河南商丘2023高一期中联考] Known as the birthplace of kites, Weifang in Shandong Province has a long history of kite-making, which can date back to 2,000 years ago. At first, kites were used by the military for communicating and 1. . （measure） distances. Using bamboo and featuring 2. . （tradition） Chinese paintings, Weifang kite-making was included in the national-level intangible （非物质的） cultural heritage lists in 2006. An International Kite Festival 3. . （hold） in Weifang every year since 1984.
Yang Hongwei, aged 57, is an inheritor （继承人） of the Weifang kite-making technique. Yang, 4. . was born into a kite-making family, often saw kites with bright colours and different shapes in her grandfather’s workshop. Yang began learning the technique from her grandfather 5. . the age of 16 and 10 years later, she 6. . （start） her own shop in 1992. On Yang’s kites, people can see not only common patterns like 7. . （butterfly） and swallows, but some prints telling Chinese myths, legends and history.
measuring
traditional
has been held
who
at
started
butterflies
In her spare time, she also travels to different countries 8. . （include） Germany, Australia and the US 9. . （tell） people about Chinese stories about kites and kite-making methods. “I’m an inheritor of the culture. It is also 10. . important job of mine to spread the heritage around the world and onto the next generation,” she said.
including
to tell
an
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了山东省潍坊市作为风筝的发源地，其风筝制作历史悠久，还介绍了潍坊的风筝制作历史，以及传承人杨红卫为把潍坊风筝带向世界作出的努力。
1.__________
measuring
解析 设空处和communicating并列作介词for的宾语，应使用measure的动名词形式。
2.__________
traditional
解析 设空处作定语，修饰名词短语Chinese paintings，故填形容词。
3.______________
has been held
解析 设空处为句子的谓语，根据since 1984可知，此处应使用现在完成时；An International Kite Festival与hold之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态；主语An International Kite Festival为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been held。
4._____
who
解析 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yang，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who引导该从句。
5.___
at
解析 at the age of为固定表达，意为“在……岁时”。
6._______
started
解析 根据时间状语in 1992可知，句子应用一般过去时。
7.__________
butterflies
解析 根据语境和swallows可知，设空处表达复数含义，故用可数名词的复数形式。
8._________
including
解析 句意为：在业余时间，她还前往包括德国、澳大利亚和美国等不同国家，向人们讲述有关风筝的中国故事和风筝制作的方法。根据句意可知，此处表示“包含；包括”，故填介词including。
9._______
to tell
解析 句意见上一题解析。根据语境可知，设空处表示目的，作目的状语，故填动词不定式。
10.____
an
解析 设空处后面的名词job在此处意为“责任；职责”，常用单数，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词修饰；important的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
[湖北襄阳2023高一期末] 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Time to get up. It’s your birthday.” Alex opened his eyes and looked up. His parents were standing next to his bed holding a breakfast muffin（松饼）. “You can do anything you want today,” said his mum.
He jumped up to get dressed as quickly as he could, already imagining what kind of day he would have at the beach. He had always dreamed about playing in the sand and jumping in the waves. He nearly tripped （绊倒） as he ran down the stairs on his way to the kitchen.
Alex’s dad asked him what he wanted to do today. “The beach,” he shouted with joy.
The expression on his mum’s face changed from joy to sadness. She knew the one place that her husband would not go was the beach. When he had been a young boy of Alex’s age, he had a terrifying experience at the beach. Alex’s dad shook off his initial （最初的） shock of hearing his son’s plan.
“How about we go to the zoo instead ” he suggested. “The beach is over two hours away.”
“But Dad, I’ve wanted to go to the beach my WHOLE life,” Alex pleaded （央求）.
“Son, I’m sorry, but we are not going to the beach and that’s final.”
They ended up driving to the zoo. It was an exciting day, but Alex could not get the beach out of his mind. He longed to build a sandcastle, swim in the ocean and chase the incoming and outgoing waves. The beach seemed like the best place on Earth.
Over the next few weeks, he dreamed about it almost every night. Any free moment he had was spent filling his room with pictures and drawings of beaches. He repeatedly pleaded with his mum to help him convince his dad to take them to the beach. Each time she explained that they could do other things as a family, just not the beach.
One night, Alex received what he thought was good news. His dad was going on a three-day business trip the next day. “This is an opportunity,” he thought to himself.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
The next morning, seeing his dad get into the taxi, Alex ran to his mother.____________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Hours later, as Alex looked out of the front window of the car, his eyes widened and his jaw dropped._______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
【写作提示】
1.材料导读
材料大意 亚历克斯非常想去海滩玩，但是他的爸爸因为小时候在海滩有过不好的经历，一直没有同意带他去。有一天亚历克斯的爸爸去出差，亚历克斯想趁着爸爸不在家的时候，让妈妈带他去海滩玩。
故事背景 去海滩是亚历克斯的梦想，而亚历克斯的爸爸恐惧去海滩。
主要角色 亚历克斯、亚历克斯的爸爸和妈妈
写作顺序 时间顺序
需要解决的问题 亚历克斯想去海滩的愿望和爸爸对于海滩的恐惧；亚历克斯恳求妈妈趁爸爸不在家时带他去海滩。
2.续写分析
续写第一段（提示句：第二天早上，看到爸爸上出租车后，亚历克斯跑向妈妈。） 根据第一段首句提示可知，第一段可以围绕亚历克斯对妈妈提出请求以及妈妈的反应展开；结合第二段首句提示可知，妈妈最终同意了带他去海滩，因此第一段可以重点描写亚历克斯央求妈妈和妈妈思考的过程，最后落点在妈妈同意带亚历克斯去海滩。
续写第二段（提示句：几个小时后，当亚历克斯从汽车前窗向外看时，他的眼睛睁得大大的，吃惊地张大了嘴。） 根据第二段首句内容可知，亚历克斯在海滩遇到了令他十分惊讶的人或事，结合材料给出的线索可知，本段可以描写爸爸最终决定陪亚历克斯去海滩，满足儿子的愿望，同时也战胜自己的恐惧，一家人在海边度过了美好时光。
情感变化 亚历克斯：过生日这天开心地想让父母带他去海滩玩——爸爸不同意后仍对去海滩念念不忘——趁爸爸出差让妈妈带自己去玩——在海滩遇见爸爸很惊讶——听到爸爸的解释感到宽慰和激动——实现愿望的开心和满足
亚历克斯的妈妈：不能带儿子去海滩很难过——儿子恳求后的犹豫——同意带儿子去
亚历克斯的爸爸：不同意带儿子去海滩——决心克服恐