外研版（2019） 必修第二册 Unit 6 Earth first课件(共103张PPT)

(共103张PPT)
必修第二册
Unit 6 Earth first
01
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.When we are getting excited, angry or _______ （scare）, our bodies also go through many physical changes.
scared
解析 句意为：当我们兴奋、生气或害怕时，我们的身体也会经历很多生理变化。设空处与excited，angry为并列关系，共同作are getting的表语，此处形容人感到害怕，应用-ed形式的形容词。
2.___________ （fortunate）, companies have started to review their talent pools in recent years to motivate outstanding employees.
Fortunately
解析 句意为：幸运的是，近年来，公司已经开始评估它们的人才库，以激励优秀的员工。设空处修饰整个句子，作状语，应用副词。结合空后内容可知，此处表示“幸运的是”。
3.In order to prevent the species from __________ （extinct）, the Chinese government took effective measures to place it under national protection.
extinction
解析 句意为：为了防止这一物种灭绝，中国政府采取了有效措施，将其列为国家保护物种。设空处作介词from的宾语，应用名词。
4.You should have a respectful attitude __________ the teacher and other students.
to/towards
解析 句意为：你应该对老师和其他学生持尊敬的态度。an attitude to/towards… 为固定搭配，意为“对……的态度”。故填to/towards。
5.Nancy’s parents didn’t approve of her new friend due ___ his bad behaviour.
to
解析 句意为：南希的父母不认可她的新朋友，因为他有不良行为。due to为固定搭配，意为“因为;由于”。故填to。
6.A great many tourist spots can be found along the Yangtze River, and that’s why I recommend the trip ___ you.
to
解析 句意为：长江沿岸有很多旅游景点，那就是我向你推荐这次旅行的原因。recommend sth to sb为固定搭配，意为“向某人推荐某事物”，其中to为介词。
7.Designers improved the pattern of this spacesuit to make it more ________ （suit） for astronauts with slimmer figures.
suitable
解析 句意为：设计师改进了这种航天服的样式，使其更适合身材较苗条的航天员。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，根据设空处前的more可知，设空处应用形容词，故填suitable，more suitable作make的宾补。
8.The theory __________ he sticks to proves to be of no use in his new work with which he finds it hard to fit in.
that/which
解析 句意为：他坚持的理论被证明在他的新工作中毫无用处，而且他发现自己很难适应他的新工作。设空处引导定语从句并且在从句中作宾语，故应填关系代词。先行词The theory指物，故关系代词用that/which 皆可。
9.Mr Johnson _____________ （check） his e-mails when the woman came to see him.
was checking
解析 句意为：当这位女士来看约翰逊先生的时候，他正在看他的邮件。由when引导的从句的句意可知，主句谓语表示的是在过去某一时间点发生的动作，故主句用过去进行时，故填was checking。
10.I heard a young wife __________ （describe） paintings to her husband without sight when I passed by.
describing
解析 句意为：我经过时听见一个年轻的妻子正在为她失明的丈夫描述着画作。此处考查hear sb doing sth,意为“听见某人正在做某事”，故填describing。
根据提示补全句子。
1.许多孩子害怕因在讲英语时犯错误而受责备。
______ ________ ____ _____________________ ___ being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.
Many
children
are
scared/frightened/afraid
of
2.有些人把人工智能看成是对他们工作的一种威胁。（see）
Some people ____ artificial intelligence ___ ___ ______ ___ their jobs.
see
as
a
threat
to
3.我想证明，如果不是更好的话，我可以和我的竞争对手一样好。
__ ______ ___ ______ _____ I can be just as good as, if not better than my competitors.
I
want
to
prove
that
4.到目前为止，大量信息已经通过电子邮件发送到该公司，这对提高其产品的质量有积极影响。（effect）
So far, large quantities of information has been sent to the company by e-mail, which ____ ___ ________ ______ ____ __________ the quality of its products.
has
a
positive
effect
on
improving
5.阅读不仅能帮助我们获得知识，还有助于我们保持平和的心态。
Not only ____ ________ _____ ___ gain knowledge, ____ it can also help us keep a peaceful mind.
can
reading
help
us
but
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The 1975 film Jaws showed several scenes 1. . （present）shark attacks. It made people believe white sharks were 2. . （danger）animals. The film also made people more afraid of sharks. Some people stopped swimming 3. . （avoid）sharks and other people started to kill sharks.
After 1975, 4. . number of sharks fell quickly because of finning. Finning is a type of fishing in 5. . people cut off the sharks’ fins to make fin soup and throw the sharks back into the sea to let them die slowly. Finning had a great impact on Peter Benchley, author of the book which the film Jaws 6. . （base） on. He was shocked by the scene of finning and he 7. . （choose） to fight to protect sharks. He admitted his wrong
8. （describe）of sharks’ behaviour. Experts have proved sharks are not a danger to humankind.
9. .（fortunate）, some people are interested in understanding sharks and today more people want to protect them 10. . extinction.
presenting
dangerous
to avoid
the
which
was based
chose
description(s)
Fortunately
from
1.__________
presenting
解析 句中已有谓语动词showed，设空处应填非谓语动词形式作scenes的后置定语。scenes与present之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词presenting。
2.__________
dangerous
解析 设空处修饰名词animals，应用形容词。
3._________
to avoid
解析 根据语境可知，此处应填动词不定式作目的状语。
4.____
the
解析 the number of… 为固定搭配，意为“……的数量”。
5._______
which
解析 此处为“in+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为a type of fishing,指物，关系词作介词in的宾语，关系词应用which。
6.__________
was based
解析 定语从句中缺少谓语，从句主语the film Jaws与base之间为被动关系，且本句主句为一般过去时，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was based。
7.______
chose
解析 根据前一并列分句中的was可知，第二个并列分句也应用一般过去时，陈述过去发生的事情。
8._______________
description(s)
解析 设空处作admitted的宾语，故应为名词形式，description作“描写”讲时既是可数名词，也是不可数名词，此处指“他错误的描述”，既可用名词单数形式，也可用名词复数形式。
9.___________
Fortunately
解析 设空处作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词。结合空后内容可知，此处表示“幸运的是”。
10.______
from
解析 protect… from… 为固定搭配，意为“保护……免受……”。
[山西晋中2023高一期中联考]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every year the world unites together on World Animal Day on Oct 4 for the improved treatment and well-being of animals everywhere.
It started in 1931 1. . ecologists banded together in Italy to raise awareness of endangered species.
Since then, the yearly event has been a means of 2. . （connect）animal welfare organisations, youth clubs, businesses, ... to raise awareness of their work and fundraise in support of 3. .（cause）ranging from care of working animals to protection of endangered tigers and habitat loss.
In the past decades, China 4. . （do） much to improve the welfare of animals. The 5. . （big） symbol of China’s official protection of animals can 6. . （find） in the Wildlife Protection Law. First 7. . （sign） in 1988 and revised （修订） several times over the years, 8. . law enforces （执行） the protection of endangered species as well as ensuring a balance between the needs of wild animals and people.
when
connecting
causes
has done
biggest
be found
signed
the
The Chinese people have also made their voice on the treatment of animals clear. According to a survey done 9. . the Frontiers in Animal Science magazine in 2022, 86.3 percent believed that “It is important to have laws that protect the welfare of animals.”
In the spirit of World Animal Day, we all can think of more ways 10. . （protect） both the animals around us and those in the wild.
by
to protect
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界动物日的相关情况，以及中国在保护动物方面所作的贡献。
1.______
when
解析 句意为：该节日始于1931年，当时生态学家在意大利联合起来以提高人们对濒危物种的意识。分析句子结构可知，本句的主干为主谓状结构，设空处引导定语从句，修饰年份1931，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导该从句。
2.__________
connecting
解析 句意为：从那时起，通过这项一年一度的活动，动物福利组织、青年俱乐部、企业等得以联系起来，以提高人们对他们工作的认识，并筹集资金以支持从照顾役用动物到保护濒危老虎和防止栖息地丧失等的事业。设空处位于介词of后作宾语，应用动名词形式，故填connecting。
3._______
causes
解析 句意见上一题解析。此处cause表示“事业”，为可数名词，设空处前无限定词修饰，且根据空后列举的ranging from… to… 可知，此处表示复数概念，应用名词复数形式。故填causes。
【知识拓展】cause熟词生义
熟义：n.原因；起因 vt.导致；造成
生义：n.［C］事业；理想；目标
4._________
has done
解析 句意为：在过去的几十年里，中国为改善动物的福利做了很多工作。根据时间状语In the past decades可知，本句应用现在完成时，主语为China，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has done。
5._______
biggest
解析 句意为：中国对动物进行官方保护的最强体现可以在《野生动物保护法》中找到。根据语境可知，此处表示最高级含义，且空前有定冠词The修饰，应用形容词的最高级。故填biggest。
6._________
be found
解析 句意见上一题解析。根据语境可知，主语The _____ symbol of China’s official protection of animals和动词find之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；空前已有情态动词can，故填be found。
7._______
signed
解析 句意为：该法律于1988年首次签署，多年来几经修订，旨在加强对濒危物种的保护，并确保野生动物和人类需求之间的平衡。句中已有谓语enforces，设空处应用非谓语动词作状语，动词sign与其逻辑主语law之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。故填signed。
8.____
the
解析 句意见上一题解析。此处特指上文出现的《野生动物保护法》，应用定冠词修饰law。故填the。
9.____
by
解析 句意为：根据《动物科学前沿》杂志2022年进行的一项调查，86.3%的人认为制定保护动物福利的法律很重要。根据a survey done可知，这项调查是由该杂志进行的。故填by。
10.__________
to protect
解析 句意为：本着世界动物日的精神，我们所有人都可以想出更多的方法来保护我们周围的动物和野生动物。way to do sth为固定搭配，表示“做某事的方法”，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to protect。
【知识拓展】常接动词不定式作后置定语的名词
在一些抽象名词attempt, plan, ability, chance, opportunity, right, desire, hope, wish, decision, excuse, way, effort, promise, proposal等后，常用不定式作后置定语。如:They have now an opportunity to go abroad to study further.他们现在有机会出国深造。
01
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
[江苏徐州沛县2022高一学情调研] A
Have you imagined that planting trees can make a big difference People say that one man can’t make a difference, but Abdul Samad Sheikh, a 60-year-old rickshaw （人力车） driver from Bangladesh, has proved that doing a small thing over a long period of time can mean very much. He has planted at least one tree every day since he was 12 years old, which means that he has so far planted a small forest of over 17,500 trees. Imagine if everyone followed his example.
Abdul has worked as a rickshaw driver for most of his life. He makes a little money from his job, which is only enough to put food on the table for his family, but he somehow tries to also buy at least one tree every day. He considers it his duty to the world. Mostly he plants them on government land so nobody can cut them down later. He also waters them, and if he sees anyone cutting a tree, he blames them.
Abdul, his wife Jorna, and four of their children live in two old houses, on a piece of land that is owned by the Faridpur deputy commissioner’s office. They have no land of their own. Sometimes, Jorna scolds him for it but he doesn’t care. Abdul’s 30-year-old son, Kutub Uddin, has never told his father not to plant trees, because he thinks his father does a good thing for society.
Abdul’s neighbours all know about his daily habit, and praise his work. Whoever can ask anything of him, he will do his best to help. Therefore, Abdul is loved by neighbours.
For his efforts, Abdul Samad Sheikh was recently honoured by The Daily Star, and given $1,253 to help him build a better home for his family. The Daily Star wished everyone to follow his example, and protect the environment.
“I can’t do it alone. I need the help of you all,” Abdul said.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了孟加拉国60岁的人力车司机阿卜杜勒每天用自己的钱至少种一棵树，并且保护树、保护环境的故事。他号召更多的人和他一起保护环境。
1.What do we know about Abdul ( )
B
A.He doesn’t support his family. B.He plants trees with his own money.
C.He makes a living by doing different jobs. D.He plants trees to win his neighbours’ praise.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的He makes a little money from his job, which is only enough to put food on the table for his family, but he somehow tries to also buy at least one tree every day.可知，阿卜杜勒工作挣的钱只够养家糊口，但他还设法每天至少买一棵树。由此可知，阿卜杜勒是用自己的钱种树，故选B项。
2.Why does Abdul plant trees on government land ( )
C
A.To get money from the government.
B.To set a good example for people.
C.To protect them from being cut down.
D.To get a place from the government to build his own house.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Mostly he plants them on government land so nobody can cut them down later.可知，大多数情况下，阿卜杜勒把树种植在政府的土地上，这样以后就没人能把它们砍倒了。他这样做是为了保护树不被砍倒，故选C项。
3.Which of the following can best describe Abdul ( )
A
A.Poor but helpful. B.Rich and reliable. C.Uncaring and stupid. D.Active but dishonest.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的He makes a little money from his job和第三段中的They have no land of their own.可知，阿卜杜勒很穷；根据倒数第三段中的Whoever can ask anything of him, he will do his best to help. Therefore, Abdul is loved by neighbours.可知，阿卜杜勒乐于助人，深受邻居们喜欢。故选A项。
4.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to ( )
B
A.Driving a rickshaw. B.Planting trees.
C.Making big money. D.Building a better home.
解析 词义猜测题。第一段中的he has so far planted a small forest of over 17,500 trees提到，到目前为止，他已经种了一个有17,500多棵树的小森林；根据倒数第二段中的The Daily Star wished everyone to follow his example, and protect the environment.可知，阿卜杜勒一生种树为社会作贡献，也因此受到表彰，《每日星报》希望更多的人向他学习，保护环境。阿卜杜勒说的I can’t do it alone.指的是靠他自己的力量种树还不够，需要更多人参与。it指planting trees，故选B项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.make a difference有作用，有影响
2.honour vt.给……荣誉，表彰，表扬；尊重 n.荣幸；光荣;荣誉；崇敬
[辽宁沈阳一二〇中学2022高一期中] B
We’re all familiar with migration: Wildebeests dash across Africa, Monarch butterflies fly across the Americas... but did you know that forests migrate, too
In his new book The Journeys of Trees, science writer Zach St George explores an extremely slow migration, as forests move inch by inch to more pleasant places.
“The migration of a forest is just many trees sprouting （发芽） in the same direction,” St George writes. “Through the fossils （化石） that ancient forests left behind, scientists can track their movements over thousands of years. They move back and forth across continents, sometimes following the same route more than once, like migrating birds or whales.” This has happened over thousands of years, and climate change tends to be the driving force.
Of course, today, climate change is speeding up, and trees can’t keep pace. Take California: It’s getting hotter and dryer and scientists estimate that before too long, Sequoia National Park may not be able to keep giant sequoias （红杉）.
“The scientists there had never seen anything like it,” St George says. “They are worried, and I think at some point we will lose these ancient trees and we will have to think about what we do with the places, and do we plant new trees where they are easy to grow ”
This is known as “assisted migration”—humans plant trees in other places where they’re more likely to grow. But this process carries risks—people can accidentally introduce insects and diseases to new places, where they may wipe out entire native populations. So, St George writes, there’s a heated debate today: Should humans help the trees escape
“There may be cases where people are probably going to step in and help species move to places where they’ll be more suitable in the future,” St George says. “So far, there are no huge movements of citizen groups moving trees north. But that is one kind of vision of the future that the people I interview hope to see.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化导致森林的迁移。在某些情况下，人类可能会介入，帮助森林迁移到未来更适合它们的地方。
1.What can be learnt about the migration of a forest ( )
A
A.It is mainly the result of climate change. B.It takes thousands of years to complete.
C.It often follows certain migrating species. D.It is very difficult to track the migration.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的This has happened over thousands of years, and climate change tends to be the driving force.可知，森林的迁移主要是气候变化的结果。故选A项。
2.Why does the author mention Sequoia National Park ( )
C
A.To prove the assisted migration carries risks.
B.To stress the park is facing a serious situation.
C.To show trees fail to adapt to the climate change.
D.To state scientists’ confidence about the environment.
解析 推理判断题。第四段第一句中的climate change is speeding up, and trees can’t keep pace表明，气候变化正在加速，树木无法跟上其变化的速度，接着以加利福尼亚州红杉国家公园为例具体说明。因此作者提到红杉国家公园是为了表明树木无法适应气候变化。故选C项。
3.What’s St George’s attitude towards helping the trees escape ( )
C
A.Doubtful. B.Supportive. C.Objective. D.Opposed.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中圣·乔治说的话“So far, there are no huge movements of citizen groups moving trees north. But that is one kind of vision of the future that the people I interview hope to see.”可知，圣·乔治并未对人们帮助树木迁移发表个人观点，由此推断，他对此持客观态度。故选C项。
4.What might be the best title for this passage ( )
B
A.Animal Migration B.Trees on the Move
C.Human Influence on Trees D.Modern Risks to Trees
解析 主旨大意题。第一段用问句did you know that forests migrate, too引出话题，第二段介绍作家扎克·圣·乔治探索了树木极其缓慢的迁移，下文展开分析。通读全文可知，文章介绍了气候变化导致森林的迁移，在某些情况下，人类可能会介入，帮助树木迁移到未来更适合它们的地方。因此B项“移动中的树”为本文的最佳标题。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.track vt.追踪；跟踪 n.小道；［pl.］足迹
2.speed up （使）加速
3.estimate vt. & n.估计；估算
进阶词汇
1.dash vi.猛冲；急奔 n.猛冲；匆忙
2.inch by inch （移动）一点一点地；缓慢地
3.back and forth来回地
[安徽十校2023高一联考] Don’t Get Lost in the Term of Ecotourism
Given that tourism produces harmful emissions, the term “green travel” can seem contradictory. Green travel will not solve the climate crisis, but knowing what to look for can allow you to make choices that do less harm and more good if you do choose to travel. 1. .
Don’t get hung up on the term.
The key to better understanding and identifying sustainable travel options is recognising that it’s actually actions—not words—that matter. Definitions can vary from person to person. 2. .
F
C
Ask questions.
Before you book a tour or hotel, prepare questions. For example: Do they support the local economy Are they ensuring the preservation of the natural environment 3. . However, if you can’t find answers on the website, contact the property or tour operator directly.
4. .
You don’t have to plan responsible travel and deal with the ever-changing term alone. Contact organisations that provide training, accreditation and transparent standards. You can also join responsible travel communities on social media, where you can ask questions, share resources and learn alongside other travellers who share your values.
E
A
Start now.
You can’t do everything at once right away. Decide what you can do. Maybe it’s contributing to a conservation or community project. 5. . Anyway, when you know better, do better.
A.Lean on and learn from others.
B.Find an operator who shares your personal values.
C.But it’s the truth behind the term that really matters.
D.Ask what the local government can provide you with.
E.Search for the answers such as data and policies on a company’s website.
F.Here are some expert tips on how to understand the vocabulary of green travel.
G.Maybe it’s immersing （沉浸在） yourself in one destination rather than rushing around to see three.
G
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个理解和实践真正的生态旅游的建议。
1.___
F
解析 上文引出“绿色出行”这一主题，下文介绍了如何绿色出行，本句为过渡句，起到承上启下的作用，F项（这里有一些关于如何理解绿色出行的专家建议）符合语境。
2.___
C
解析 根据上文The key to better understanding and identifying sustainable travel options is recognising that it’s actually actions—not words—that matter. Definitions can vary from person to person.可知，每个人对这个术语的定义都不一样。C项（但真正重要的是这个术语真正的含义）与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。
3.___
E
解析 根据下文的However, if you can’t find answers on the website, contact the property or tour operator directly.可知，此处应列举实例，说明可以在网站上找一些相关资料，并联系下文，如果找不到答案需要及时联系旅游运营商。故E项（在公司网站上搜索例如数据和政策等答案）符合语境。
4.___
A
解析 根据本部分内容可知，本部分主要介绍要学会向他人求助和学习，故A项（依靠他人，向他人学习）符合语境。
5.___
G
解析 根据本部分的小标题Start now.及本段中的Decide what you can do.可知，本段主要介绍个人可以做的一些事情。故G项（也许是让自己沉浸在一个目的地，而不是匆匆忙忙地去看三个地方）符合语境，且与上文的You can’t do everything at once right away.相呼应。
长难句分析
句意：绿色出行并不能解决气候危机，但如果你确实选择出行，了解要寻找什么可以让你作出伤害更少、好处更多的选择。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；不一致的
2.sustainable adj.可持续的；不破坏环境的
进阶词汇
1.given that考虑到；鉴于
2.be/get hung up 十分担忧；烦扰
熟词生义
1.matter 熟义：n.事情；问题；物质
生义：vi. & vt.事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响
2.book 熟义：n.书，书籍
生义：vi. & vt.预订；预购
02
Period Ⅱ Using language—Presenting ideas
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.During those years, my grandpa was willingly ________ （devote） to his work.
devoted
解析 句意为：那些年，我的祖父很乐意投身于他的工作。be devoted to… 为固定短语，意为“致力/献身于……”。
2.No student shall go out of school to have lunch without __________ （permit） of the head teacher.
permission
解析 句意为：未经校长允许，任何学生不得离开学校去吃午饭。设空处作介词without的宾语，根据空后的介词of 可知，应填名词，故填permission。
3.Have you ever been so concerned _________ something that you even can’t sleep at night
about/for
解析 句意为：你是否曾太过担忧某件事情以至于夜不能寐？be concerned about/for… 为固定搭配，意为“担心……”，故填about/for。
4.Scores of firms swing into action for the development and use of __________ （renew） resources.
renewable
解析 句意为：许多公司迅速采取行动开发和利用可再生资源。设空处修饰名词resources，作定语，应用形容词。故填renewable。
5.Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat injuries, and hand out food, water and other ________ （supply）.
supplies
解析 句意为：救援人员接受过搜救人员、治疗伤者以及分发食物、水和其他补给品的培训。supplies意为“补给品；日用品”，且设空处前有other修饰。故填supplies。
6.She runs ____ average about 15 miles every day, whatever the circumstances.
on
解析 句意为：不管情况如何，她每天平均跑大约15英里。on average为固定搭配，意为“平均”，故填on。
7.The project will contribute to ___________ （develop） the economy when it is completed.
developing
解析 句意为：这项工程在竣工后，将会有助于经济发展。contribute to意为“有助于；促成；造成”，to为介词，后接动名词作介词宾语，故填developing。
8.The earthquake which took place last week caused a great deal of damage ___ the locals.
to
解析 句意为：上周发生的地震给当地人造成了很大的破坏。cause damage to… 为固定搭配，意为“对……造成破坏”。
9.Some people ________ （affect） by “disconnect anxiety” start to feel upset when they can’t reach their friends online.
affected
解析 句意为：当不能在网上与朋友联系时，一些受到“离线焦虑症”影响的人开始感到不安。句中已有谓语动词start，设空处应填非谓语动词形式作后置定语，people与affect之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故填affected。
10.All his lifetime he produced a large number of works of calligraphy, but up to now, the majority of his original works ___________________ （destroy） or lost.
have been destroyed
解析 句意为：他一生创作了大量的书法作品，但迄今为止，他的大部分原创作品已被损毁或遗失。but后为第二个并列分句，设空处为该分句的谓语；根据时间状语up to now可知，应用现在完成时；destroy与分句主语the majority of his original works之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；“the majority of+可数名词复数”作主语，意为“大多数……”，谓语动词用复数形式。故填have been destroyed。
【知识拓展】“the/a majority of+可数名词复数”作主语的主谓一致
（1）“the majority of+可数名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如：The majority of employees have university degrees.大部分职员都有大学文凭；（2）“a majority of+可数名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：A majority of workers now work five days a week.现在多数工人每周工作五天。
根据提示补全句子。
1.阳光的量和强度随着时间和地点的变化而变化。（amount）
_____ ________ ___ sunlight and the intensity of sunlight vary by the time of the day and the location.
The
amount
of
解析 the amount of… 为固定表达，意为“……的量”，句首单词首字母大写，故填The amount of。
2.她说它已经减少了她40%的家庭开销。（reduce）
She said that it_____ ________ her household spending ____ 40 percent.
had
reduced
by
解析 reduce… by… 为固定短语，意为“使……减少了……”。由语境可知，“开销的减少”发生在她说话之前，由主句动词said可知，从句要用过去完成时，故填had reduced和by。
3.我们还需要考虑制作新闻印刷品的成本。（account）
We also need to _____ ____ _____ ___ producing news prints _____ ________.
take
the
cost
of
into
account
4.他正在海滩上散步。突然，他看见一个漂亮的女孩正随着音乐跳舞。（see）
He was walking along the beach. All of a sudden, he _____ ___ _________ ____ ________ to music.
saw
a
beautiful
girl
dancing
解析 see sb doing sth意为“看见某人正在做某事”，现在分词短语作宾补。
5.他们曾力劝她毕业后当一名音乐老师。（urge）
They once ____ ____ ____ ____ a music teacher after graduation.
[答案] urged that she become/be或urged her to become/be
解析 urge that sb （should） do sth中，从句用虚拟语气。
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.While wandering in the street, I heard my name ______（call）.
called
解析 句意为：当我在街上闲逛时，我听见有人叫我的名字。此处为“hear+宾语+宾补”结构，call与my name之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。故填called。
2.Buried in homework, she didn’t notice her father ________ （stand） beside her.
standing
解析 句意为：她专心致志地做作业，没有注意到父亲站在她身边。此处为“notice+宾语+宾补”结构，stand与her father之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补，表示正在进行的动作。故填standing。
3.In spite of the fact that its number is recovering, the government won’t intend to have it _________ （remove） from the endangered list.
removed
解析 句意为：尽管它的数量正在恢复，但政府并不打算把它从濒危物种名单中移除。此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，remove与it之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。故填removed。
4.A homeless child was found ________ （beg） at the street for food.
begging
解析 句意为：有人发现一个无家可归的孩子在街上乞讨食物。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构的被动用法，beg与child之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作主语补足语，表示“某人被发现正在做某事”。故填begging。
5.I had my car parked in an underground car park, where I could get my car battery ________ （charge）.
charged
解析 句意为：我把车停在一个地下停车场，在那里我可以给汽车电池充电。此处为“get+宾语+宾补”结构，charge与my car battery之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。故填charged。
6.It must have snowed last night, but our parents won’t have us ________ （play） with snow outside.
playing
解析 句意为：昨天晚上肯定下过雪，但我们的父母不允许我们在外面玩雪。won’t have sb doing sth意为“不允许某人做某事”，为常见用法，故填playing。
7.With Teachers’ Day ____________ （approach）, the students are planning a party to celebrate the important day.
approaching
解析 句意为：随着教师节的临近，学生们正在计划举办一个聚会来庆祝这个重要的日子。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构，approach与Teachers’ Day之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故填approaching。
8.To make wildlife _________ （protect） better, the authority has not only set the list of habitats but also published a list of wild animals under special conservation.
protected
解析 句意为：为了更好地保护野生动物，有关部门不仅列出了栖息地清单，还公布了一份特别保护动物清单。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，protect与wildlife之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。故填protected。
9.Meanwhile, the rise and the fall of Maya Civilisation must also leave us ________ （think） about our own past, present and future.
thinking
解析 句意为：同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落也必定让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。此处为“leave+宾语+宾补”结构，think与逻辑主语us之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。故填thinking。
10.The line passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo ______ （take）standing on either side of it.
taken
解析 句意为：这条线穿过格林尼治，所以萍玉（音译）就站在这条线的两侧各拍了一张照片。此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，photo与take之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词taken作宾补。
[全国新高考Ⅰ2022] 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park （GPNP）.1. . （cover） an area about three times 2. . size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 3. . （be） previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 4. . （increase） effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
Covering
the
were
to increase
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP
5. . （design） to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity （完整性） of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 6. . leaving behind precious natural assets （资产） for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 7. . （population） and homes of giant pandas, and 8. . （eventual） achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 9. . an umbrella species （物种）, bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10. . live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
is designed
and
populations
eventually
as
that
【语篇导读】中国将在明年建立大熊猫国家公园，主要目的是改善大熊猫不同种群和栖息地之间的连通性，并最终达到理想的野生种群数量水平。
1._________
Covering
解析 句意为：大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将是我国首批国家公园之一。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语will be，且与此处之间无连词连接，所以此处用非谓语动词形式；the GPNP与cover之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。此处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Covering。
2.____
the
解析 句意见上一题解析。此处为“倍数+the size of+其他”结构，表示“……的大小是……的几倍”。故填the。
3.______
were
解析 句意为：该计划将把保护范围扩大到许多以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区归为一个部门管辖，以提高效率并减少管理上的不协调。结合句意并根据其后的previously可知，此处用一般过去时；that指代前面的areas，在定语从句中作主语，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were。
4.___________
to increase
解析 句意见上一题解析。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。
5.___________
is designed
解析 句意为：大熊猫国家公园设立的目的是体现“保持自然生态系统的原真性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态安全屏障，给子孙后代留下珍贵的自然资产”的指导原则。根据句意以及第三段中的is intended to可知，此处指建立大熊猫国家公园的目的，为客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语The GPNP与design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填is designed。
6._____
and
解析 句意见上一题解析。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，上下文之间为并列关系。故填and。
7.___________
populations
解析 句意为：大熊猫国家公园的主要目标是改善大熊猫不同种群和栖息地之间的连通性，并最终达到理想的野生种群数量水平。population在此处意为“种群”，为可数名词。根据前面的separate可知，此处应用复数形式。故填populations。
8.__________
eventually
解析 句意见上一题解析。此处修饰后面的动词achieve，应用副词形式。故填eventually。
9.___
as
解析 句意为：大熊猫也是伞护种，为中国西南地区和西北地区的许多动植物提供保护。serve as是固定短语，意为“充当;担任”。故填as。
10._____
that
解析 句意为：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫分布区内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并极大改善该地区生态系统的健康状况。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为species，指物,关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词前面有all修饰，应用that引导。故填that。
02
Period Ⅱ Using language—Presenting ideas
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
[广东东莞五校2023高一期中联考] Rainforests provide much of the world’s oxygen. People have been trying to protect them for years. But another type of forest, the cloud forest, is just as important to humans.
These forests are at the top of mountains, generally near the equator （赤道）. These wet, wooded mountaintops are mainly in Africa and Central and South America. They are called “cloud forests” because their height allows of the formation of clouds among the trees. The trees in these forests pull water from the clouds. The water gathers on the leaves and falls into small rivers below, which flow into towns at the bottom of the mountain. The yearly rainfall in these areas is about 180 centimetres. Cloud forests can pull in up to 60 percent of that. The water is important to the plants and the people in the area. It helps them survive.
Cloud forests are also home to countless species of plants that can’t be found anywhere else. One small cloud forest has as many types of plants as there are in all of Europe. In fact, there are so many species that scientists haven't made a complete list of them yet.
These forests are being destroyed at an increasing speed. Trees are being cut down, and roads are being built in their place. Some people have a goal to get government money to protect the forests. But they have had little success so far. Another way is to take the place of the destroyed plants with new ones. That, too, has been difficult because the plants are so special. There’s plenty of work to be done, but saving the cloud forests is still possible with creative solutions.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对人类重要的一种森林——云雾林。
1.Where can we probably find cloud forests ( )
C
A.In North America. B.In a place far from the equator.
C.In some African countries. D.At the foot of mountains.
解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的These forests are at the top of mountains, generally near the equator. These wet, wooded mountaintops are mainly in Africa and Central and South America.可知，云雾林通常在靠近赤道的位置，主要分布在非洲、中美洲和南美洲。故选C项。
2.How much rainfall is pulled in by the cloud forests in those areas every year ( )
B
A.About 60 cm. B.About 108 cm. C.About 180 cm. D.About 300 cm.
解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的The yearly rainfall in these areas is about 180 centimetres. Cloud forests can pull in up to 60 percent of that.可知，每年云雾林可以吸收的降雨量为180厘米的60%，也就是108厘米。故选B项。
3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3 ( )
D
A.Europe owns plentiful plant species. B.Scientists are working on a list.
C.Cloud forests are getting smaller. D.Cloud forests house many plants.
解析 主旨大意题。由第三段中的Cloud forests are also home to countless species of plants that can't be found anywhere else.可知，本段主要介绍云雾林中的植物种类繁多。故选D项。
4.Where can we probably find the text ( )
D
A.In a storybook. B.In a travel guidebook.
C.In a chemistry textbook. D.In a geography magazine.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章主要内容，结合第一段中的But another type of forest, the cloud forest, is just as important to humans.可知，本篇文章主要围绕着云雾林展开，介绍了云雾林的地理位置和重要作用并说明了要采取措施保护云雾林。由此推知，本文很有可能出现在一本地理杂志中。故选D项。
I am so grateful for the 21-Day Eco-Footprint Challenge hosted by KindSpring. Taking care of our sweet Mother Earth has always been . .1. . to me in my life and I have taken . .2. . in my everyday life to recycle, reuse, and think about ways to protect our Mother Earth, etc. However, this . .3. . awoke me even more.
Our Scholars Together community has taken on more than we have before . .4. . recycling, using our own china cups and metal water bottles when we go out, not buying things in . .5. . containers and having green lunches more consistently, not occasionally, but the biggest change we made was setting a goal of Zero Waste.
We set up more boxes and bins for paper that we could . .6. . again, recycling every sheet of use-on-both-side paper, plastics, cans, etc. We also. .7. . all of our food we cooked or bought, instead of throwing some away. We really . .8. . it a challenge. Each day we all saw how little . .9. . there could be in our dustbins. I realised that I had been throwing paper away that could be used on the other . .10. . or could be recycled, and now I am looking everywhere for . .11. . that can be used more effectively until recycling time.
The videos offered by KindSpring have been so . .12. . and useful to us all that I don’t want the Eco-Footprint Challenge to . .13. .. We will continue to do our part and . .14. . the news to our family and friends. It is cool to see how the . .15. . spreads.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己参加一个为期21天的生态环保挑战项目后的感受，以及该项目参与者为继续把环保意识传播出去而作出的努力。
1.( )A.abstract B.vital C.obvious D.curious
B
解析 根据设空处后的内容可知，作者一直很重视环保，所以这里是说，照顾地球对于作者来说很重要。vital意为“极其重要的”，符合语境。故选B项。
2.( )A.notes B.action C.turns D.risk
B
解析 根据空后的to recycle, reuse, and think about ways to protect our Mother Earth可知，作者做过很多事情去保护地球。 take action to do sth意为“采取行动做某事”，符合语境。故选B项。
3.( )A.lifestyle B.journey C.adventure D.challenge
D
解析 根据文章第一句 I am so grateful for the 21-Day Eco-Footprint Challenge… 可知，设空处所在句是说这次挑战让作者更加意识到环保的重要性。故选D项。
4.( )A.in terms of B.in need of C.regardless of D.apart from
A
解析 根据空后的recycling, using our own china cups and metal water bottles when we go out… 可知，作者是说在回收利用、用自己的瓷杯子和金属水瓶等这几方面。in terms of… 意为“在……方面；就……而言”。故选A项。
5.( )A.glass B.metal C.plastic D.china
C
解析 设空处所在句讲的是作者为环保所作出的努力，再结合四个选项可知，塑料包装的物品不环保，不应该买塑料包装的东西。故选C项。
6.( )A.create B.find C.use D.put
C
解析 根据空后的recycling every sheet of use-on-both-side paper可知，这里是说可以再次使用的纸张。故选C项。
7.( )A.gave away B.sold out C.thought of D.ate up
D
解析 根据空后的instead of throwing some away可知，这里是说吃光所有的食物。故选D项。
8.( )A.saw B.made C.considered D.debated
B
解析 根据语境可知，作者一行人已经把它变成一项挑战。“make sth+名词”意为“使某事物成为……”。故选B项。
9.( )A.rubbish B.paper C.money D.food
A
解析 根据空后的in our dustbins可知，设空处指垃圾。故选A项。
10.( )A.bottom B.sheet C.top D.side
D
解析 根据上文的use-on-both-side paper和本句中的paper及the other可知，这里是说纸的另一面。故选D项。
11.( )A.things B.inventions C.stories D.reasons
A
解析 根据语境可知，作者正在找能够被更有效地利用的东西。故选A项。
12.( )A.meaningless B.instructive C.brief D.funny
B
解析 设空处与空后的useful并列，根据上下文语境可知，此处应用instructive（有启发性的）。故选B项。
13.( )A.exist B.occur C.end D.last
C
解析 根据下一句We will continue to do our part and _____ the news to our family and friends.可知，作者不想让这一活动结束。故选C项。
14.( )A.hide B.delete C.enjoy D.spread
D
解析 根据空后的the news to our family and friends可知，作者一行人想把这一消息传播出去。故选D项。
15.( )A.awareness B.donations C.mottoes D.fantasy
A
解析 根据全文内容可知，作者看到环保意识得到传播很开心。故选A项。
03
单元限时小卷
[重庆一中2023高一期末]It is widely believed that smiling means a person is happy, and it usually occurs when they’re meeting another person or a group of people. However, a new study led by Dr Harry Witchel, a body language expert, shows that it is not always the case.
In his research, he asked 44 participants aged 18—35 to have a geography quiz consisting of nine difficult questions so that they often got the answer wrong. Participants interacted with a computer alone in a room while their faces were recorded by video.
After the quiz, the participants were asked to rate （评价） their experience using a range of 12 emotions including “bored”, “interested” and “frustrated”. Meanwhile, their facial expressions were analysed by computer frame by frame in order to judge how much they were smiling on the basis of a scale of between 0 and 1.
建议用时：56分钟
“According to some researchers, a real smile reflects the inner state of amusement. However, the idea of behavioural ecology suggests that all smiles are tools used in social interactions, meaning cheerfulness is neither necessary nor sufficient for smiling. Our study showed that in these human-computer interaction experiments, smiling isn’t driven by happiness; it is associated with subjective involvement （主观参与）, which acts like a kind of social fuel for smiling, even when socialising with a computer on your own,” Dr Witchel said.
Participants didn’t tend to smile during the period when they were trying to figure out the answers. However, they did smile right after the computer informed them whether their answer was correct or not. Surprisingly, participants smiled more often when they got the answer wrong. Dr Witchel added, “During these computerised quizzes, smiling greatly increased just after they answered questions incorrectly. This behaviour could not be explained by ratings of happiness or frustration.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为微笑意味着一个人是快乐的，但是研究表明，微笑仅仅是社交的手段，并不表明这个人一定快乐。
1.Why did Dr Witchel use difficult questions in the quiz ( )
D
A.To discover the most intelligent participants.
B.To create a stressful situation for participants.
C.To make the answer period last as long as possible.
D.To make it hard for participants to answer them correctly.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的In his research, he asked 44 participants aged 18—35 to have a geography quiz consisting of nine difficult questions so that they often got the answer wrong.可知，威彻尔博士在问答游戏中使用难题是为了使参与者很难正确回答。故选D项。
2.What can we infer from the idea of behavioural ecology ( )
C
A.Smiles reflect the inner state of cheerfulness.
B.Smiling is associated with objective engagement.
C.Smiling is usually connected with social activities.
D.Smiles aren't necessarily useful tools in social interactions.
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的the idea of behavioural ecology suggests that all smiles are tools used in social interactions… 可知，行为生态学认为，微笑是社交的手段，而不是快乐情绪的体现。由此可以推断出，微笑通常与社会活动有关。故选C项。
3.What can we learn from the text ( )
C
A.Participants were asked to interact with each other in the quiz.
B.Smiles have nothing to do with happiness or frustration.
C.Dr Witchel thought smile is connected with subjective involvement.
D.Participants smiled less when they got the answer wrong.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Our study showed that in these human-computer interaction experiments, smiling isn’t driven by happiness; it is associated with subjective involvement 可知，威彻尔博士的实验结果表明，微笑与实验参与者的主观参与度有关，而与快乐的情绪关联性不强。故选C项。
4.What can be a suitable title for the text ( )
D
A.How to Identify a Real Smile B.What Contributes to Real Happiness
C.People Hold a Wrong View on Happiness D.Smiling Doesn’t Necessarily Mean Happiness
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容并结合全文可知，文章主要说明了人们普遍认为微笑意味着一个人是快乐的，但是研究表明，微笑仅仅是社交的手段，并不表明这个人一定快乐。由此可知，D项（微笑并不一定意味着快乐）适合作为文章的标题。故选D项。
Most people want to be healthier, but they do not know how to do this or think that they do not have the time. 1. . Here are some science-backed tips on health and fitness for busy people.
Use smaller bowls and plates, but taller glasses. 2. . The reason why this happens is that our brain thinks that we are eating the same amount of food, but in reality, we are eating a smaller portion （一份）. Cornell University also found the larger the plate is, the more likely you are to overload it.
3. . Drinking water after you wake up and before eating lunch and dinner is the simplest thing you can do to improve your overall health. Water also keeps the body hydrated, which helps with joint health, headaches, and waste removal.
Work out during the commercials. No one likes commercials, so you might as well do something healthy when they are playing. Every time those commercials are playing, you can do push-ups, sit-ups, or wall sits. 4. .
Being healthy and fit only takes a short amount of time per day. 5. . Science has proven that you can be healthy without hours of working out per day.
G
F
A
D
C
A.Drink plenty of water.
B.Have a healthy and balanced diet.
C.So being busy is really no excuse any more.
D.The longer you watch TV, the more you need to work out.
E.They tested this theory on a self-service restaurant with two sizes of plates.
F.A study found that by using smaller dishes, you can eat up to 29% less calories per day.
G.The truth is that it does not have to take long time or need huge life changes to be healthy.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何在忙碌的生活中保持健康给出了几条建议。
1.___
G
解析 根据空前一句中的think that they do not have the time可知，大多数人认为他们没有时间去变得更健康，G项（事实是，保持健康不需要花费很长的时间，也不需要极大地改变生活）承接上文中的“人们没有时间”，并且引出下文给出的关于忙碌人群保持健康和健身的小贴士。G项中的be healthy和上文中的be healthier以及下文中的on health and fitness相呼应。故选G项。
2.___
F
解析 本段主旨句为Use smaller bowls and plates, but taller glasses.，空后的The reason why this happens… 是在解释原因，所以应在选项中找出this所指代的内容，F项（一项研究发现，通过使用较小的碟子，你可以每天少摄入高达29%的卡路里）的内容符合本段的主旨，且给出了一项研究的结果，引出下文产生这样的结果的原因。故选F项。
3.___
A
解析 设空处为本段的主旨句，根据下文中的关键词Drinking water可知，本段讲的是“多喝水”的建议，A项（多喝水）点明本段主题，选项中的water和下文中的water相呼应。故选A项。
4.___
D
解析 本段主旨句为Work out during the commercials.，段落内容是在谈论看电视与锻炼的关系，D项（你看电视的时间越长，你就越需要锻炼）作为段落结尾，进一步说明看电视和锻炼之间的关系，符合段落主旨。故选D项。
5.___
C
解析 上文Being healthy and fit only takes a short amount of time per day.说明保持健康并不需要那么长时间，C项（所以忙碌真的不再是借口了）进一步说明为了保持健康，不要再以忙碌为借口了。C项中的being busy和上文中的only takes a short amount of time per day相对应。故选C项。
Modern inventions have sped up people’s lives amazingly. Motor cars . .1. . a hundred miles in more than an hour; aircraft cross the world within a day, . .puters operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of . .3. . seems never-ending. Every year motor cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts （吹嘘） of . .4. . precious seconds in handling tasks.
All these save time, but at a cost. When we lose or . .5. . half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag. Our bodies feel that they have been . .6. . behind in another time zone. Again, spending too long at . .7. . results in painful wrists and fingers.
However, how do we . .8. . the time we have saved We are so used to constant activity that we find it . .9. . to sit down and do nothing or even just one thing at a . .10. .. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen . .11. . to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.
There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation （耕作） of the . .12. . or the care of cattle. There is much that we might envy a . .13. . of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors . .14. .. Modern machines have . .15. . people from that primitive existence.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了科技给人们的生活带来了改变。人们对速度的追求使科技不断得到更新，但是科技发展节约下来的时间并没有被用来进行放松。
1.( )A.explore B.get C.cover D.fly
C
解析 根据设空处后的a hundred miles in more than an hour可知，此处指汽车在一个多小时内行驶了一百英里，此处cover意为“行走（一段路程）”，故选C项。
2.( )A.when B.as C.thus D.while
D
解析 此句中汽车、飞机、计算机是并列的对比关系，while在此处意为“而”，表对比关系，故选D项。
3.( )A.speed B.time C.product D.distance
A
解析 根据上文Modern inventions have sped up people’s lives amazingly.可知，此处指这种对速度的热爱似乎永无止境，故选A项。
4.( )A.wasting B.losing C.saving D.spending
C
解析 根据下文中All these save time可知，此处指每年都会生产出速度更快的汽车，每台新电脑都吹嘘在处理任务时能节省宝贵的几秒钟。save意为“节省”，为原词复现，故选C项。
5.( )A.require B.drop C.miss D.gain
D
解析 句意为：当我们损失或获得半天时间乘坐飞机在世界各地加速飞行时，我们的身体是这么告诉我们的。此处gain与空前的lose相对应，故选D项。
6.( )A.left B.come C.forgotten D.felt
A
解析 根据We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag.可知，此处指我们的身体感觉它们被留在了另一个时区。leave behind意为“把……抛在后面”，故选A项。
7.( )A.ships B.airplanes C.computers D.cars
C
解析 根据上文提及的computers和下文中的painful wrists and fingers可知，此处指长时间使用电脑会导致手腕和手指疼痛，故选C项。
8.( )A.control B.handle C.do D.deal
B
解析 句意为：然而，我们如何处理节省下来的时间呢 handle意为“处理”，而deal需要跟with搭配才可以作“处理”用，故选B项。
9.( )A.uncomfortable B.easy C.difficult D.good
C
解析 根据上文中的We are so used to constant activity可知，我们已经习惯了持续的活动，以至于我们很难坐下来什么都不做，甚至很难每次只做一件事，故选C项。
10.( )A.second B.day C.year D.time
D
解析 at a time为固定短语，意为“每次”，故选D项。
11.( )A.actively B.quietly C.enthusiastically D.curiously
B
解析 根据语境可知，此处指“也许我们可以安静地听收音机里的故事、让想象力带我们进入另一个世界的日子一去不复返了”。quietly意为“安静地”，符合语境。actively意为“积极地”；enthusiastically意为“热心地”；curiously意为“好奇地”，故选B项。
12.( )A.surface B.water C.land D.island
C
解析 根据上文the cultivation of可知，有些人的生活仅仅是耕种土地或照料牛（等牲畜）。故选C项。
13.( )A.way B.view C.pathway D.point
A
解析 句意为：这样的生活方式有许多值得我们羡慕的地方。此处指生活方式。故选A项。
14.( )A.expressed B.charged C.inspired D.faced
D
解析 句意为：然而，在我们这样做之前，我们必须想想我们的祖先面对的艰苦的任务。故选D项。
15.( )A.freed B.remained C.kept D.cleared
A
解析 句意为：现代机器已经把人们从那种原始的生活中解放出来。 此处free作动词用，意为“解放；使摆脱”。故选A项。
[江苏宿迁2022高一期末] Chagan Lake is located in Songyuan, Northeast China’s Jilin Province. Every year, fishermen struggle with the freezing cold weather, biting winds and deep snow to seek their underwater fortune at Chagan Lake, 1___ freshwater lake in China. The lake is the only place in the country 2_______ you can still find fishermen using an ancient fishing method.
a
where
The lake nearly 3______ （dry） up in the 1970s, and therefore fishermen were forced 4________ （give） up their annual fishing tradition and take on other tough jobs for survival. However, over the past decades, these problems have been solved through projects that have allowed environmental 5__________ （protect）, agriculture and tourism to develop at the same time. In 2013, Jilin Province started a river-lake connection project to link Chagan Lake to surrounding lakes and rivers, making the lake’s water even 6_______ （clean）. In particular, the construction of a town with eco-friendly tourism 7___________ （help） with development so far. The town offers accommodations, dining, sightseeing and other businesses that have increased local incomes and made 8___ more convenient for people to visit the area than before. Farms and tourism projects that were 9__________ （previous） affecting the environment have been removed or relocated. All of this was achieved without 10__________ （damage） the lake or the animal and plant life.
dried
to give
protection
cleaner
has helped
it
previously
damaging
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国吉林省的查干湖的发展历程以及开发利用情况。
1.___
a
解析 句意为：每年，渔民们都要与寒冷的天气、刺骨的寒风和厚厚的积雪斗争，在中国的淡水湖查干湖水下寻找致富之路。lake为可数名词，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，且freshwater是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
2._______
where
解析 句意为：这片湖是中国唯一一个还能看到渔民使用古法捕鱼的地方。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
3.______
dried
解析 句意为：20世纪70年代，这片湖几乎干涸，因此渔民被迫放弃他们每年的捕鱼传统，从事其他艰苦的工作来谋生。根据后文中的in the 1970s可知，此处应用一般过去时。dry up与The lake之间为主动关系，用主动语态。故填dried。
4.________
to give
解析 句意见上一题解析。force sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“强迫/逼迫某人做某事”，此处为其被动形式。故填to give。
5.__________
protection
解析 句意为：然而，在过去的几十年里，这些问题已经通过一些项目得到了解决，这些项目使得环境保护、农业和旅游业能同时发展。此处与agriculture和tourism为并列成分，在从句中作宾语，应用名词，且protection作“保护”讲时是不可数名词。故填protection。
6._______
cleaner
解析 此处表示“使得湖水更加干净”。even修饰形容词比较级，此处应用clean的比较级，表示“更干净的”。故填cleaner。
7.___________
has helped
解析 句意为：特别是，目前为止生态友好型旅游城镇的建设有助于（当地）发展。根据后文中的so far可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为the construction，为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数。故填has helped。
8.___
it
解析 句意为：该镇提供住宿、餐饮、观光和其他业务，这些增加了当地收入，使人们比以前更方便地参观该地区。此处为“make it+adj.+for sb to do sth”结构，it作形式宾语。故填it。
9.__________
previously
解析 句意为：以前影响环境的农场和旅游项目已经被拆除或迁移至新地点。设空处作状语，修饰were affecting，应用副词。故填previously。
10.__________
damaging
解析 句意为：所有这些都是在不损害湖泊或动植物生命的情况下实现的。设空处作介词without的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填damaging。
[湖南名校联考联合体2022高一期末] 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The forest was full of shadows as a little girl hurried through it one autumn evening. It was already 8 o’clock and Sylvie wondered if her parents would be angry with her for being so late.
Every evening Sylvie left at 5:30 to bring their cow home. The old animal spent her days out in the open country eating sweet grass. Sylvie’s routine included bringing her home to be milked.
When the cow heard Sylvie’s voice calling her, she would hide among the bushes.
This evening it had taken Sylvie longer than usual to find her cow. The child hurried the cow through the dark forest, following a narrow path that led to her home. The cow stopped at a small stream to drink. As Sylvie waited, she put her bare feet in the cold, fresh water of the stream.
She had never before been alone in the forest as late as this. The air was soft and sweet. Sylvie felt as if she were a part of the grey shadows and the silver leaves that moved in the evening breeze. The cow finished drinking, and as the nine-year-old child hurried through the forest, suddenly the air was cut by a sharp whistle not far away.
“Hello, little girl,” a young man with a gun called out. “How far is it to the main road ” Sylvie was trembling as she pronounced “two miles”.
“I’ve been hunting for birds,” he explained. “I shoot them and keep them with special chemicals. I have over 100 different kinds of birds from all over the United States in my study at home.” Sylvie was relieved but silent.
“I saw a white heron （白鹭） not far from here two days ago. I’ve been looking for it ever since. It’s a very rare bird, the little white heron. Have you seen it, too ” he asked. Sylvie was sill silent.
“I would give $10 to the person who showed me where the white heron is,” he encouraged Sylvie.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Sylvie’s mind was immediately full of all the wonderful things she and her parents could buy for ten dollars.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The young man went away disappointed later that day.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作提示】
1.材料导读
材料大意 小女孩茜尔维在放牛回家的路上，遇到一个手持猎枪的猎鸟青年在寻找一只白鹭；对方表示如果茜尔维告诉他白鹭的线索，他答应给她10美元。
故事背景 小女孩茜尔维夜间赶牛回家，路遇猎鸟青年。
主要角色 小女孩茜尔维、猎鸟青年
写作顺序 时间顺序
主要矛盾 小女孩茜尔维是否会为金钱动摇而告知猎鸟青年白鹭的去向。
2.续写分析
续写第一段（提示句：茜尔维的脑海里立刻充满了她和她父母用10美元能买到的所有美好的东西。） 由第一段提示句可知，第一段可描写小女孩茜尔维想象用10美元能买到的各种东西；根据第二段提示句可倒推第一段还应交代小女孩茜尔维作出的决定——未告知猎鸟青年白鹭的去向。
续写第二段（提示句：那天晚些时候，青年失望地离开了。） 根据第二段提示句可知，白鹭未被猎杀，留在了当地，第二段可描写茜尔维作出决定之后的心理活动。
情感变化 小女孩茜尔维：对10美元满怀憧憬——想到白鹭被猎杀的不忍——不告知猎鸟青年白鹭去向的坚定——白鹭美妙的歌声使她感到开心
3.提分词句：
（1）心理描写：Thinking of the wonderful moments, … feeling in a dilemma （感到进退两难）；
（2）动作描写：approach （到来）, shake one’s head/decline/refuse politely（拒绝）；
（3）情绪描写：wonderful, disappointed, amazing。
【参考范文】
Sylvie’s mind was immediately full of all the wonderful things she and her parents could buy for ten dollars. She could buy a thick coat for her grandmother, a pair of gloves for her mother, a pipe for her father… Well, winter was approaching. Her shoes were a little small, holes exposing her toes. She needed a pair of new shoes. However, she also remembered how the white heron came flying through the golden air and how they watched the sun rise together from the top of the world. Thinking of the wonderful moments, Sylvie could not speak. She held her breath, her heart beating wildly. She could not tell the heron’s secret and give its life away. “I have never seen a white heron!” She burst forth.
The young man went away disappointed later that day. Sylvie was a little sad. After all, he could offer her a good sum of money, which her family was badly in need of. But she knew her parents would not be happy if she accepted the money. They were used to being in harmony with everything here. Many evenings Sylvie heard the sound of its whistle as she came home with her cow. Soon the white heron’s beautiful songs and the cow made her forget the man and the 10 dollars.
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.interact v.交流；沟通；相互作用
2.on the basis of… 在……的基础上；根据……
熟词生义
1.add vt. 熟义：增加；添加
生义：补充说；继续说