外研版（2019） 必修第一册 Unit 4 Friends forever单元习题课件(共105张PPT)

(共105张PPT)
必修第一册
Unit 4 Friends forever
01
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.This little baby showed a strong __________ （prefer） for building blocks（积木）.
preference
解析 句意为：这个小宝宝表现出了对积木的强烈偏爱。设空处作宾语，其前有a strong修饰，应用名词。故填preference。
2.Methods used by younger teachers are ____________（significant）different from those used by older ones.
significantly
解析 句意为：年轻教师使用的方法与老教师使用的方法有明显的差异。设空处在句中作状语，修饰形容词 different，应用副词。significantly意为“显著地；明显地”。
3.I’m calling to confirm the ________ （deliver） of my goods tomorrow.
delivery
解析 句意为：我打电话来确认明天是否送货。设空处在句中作动词confirm的宾语，且空前有定冠词the修饰，空后接of介词短语，应用名词。故填delivery。
4.While some behaviour may seem strange to you, remember what you consider normal probably seems just as ________ （usual） to others.
unusual
解析 句意为：虽然有些行为对你来说可能很奇怪，但请记住，你认为正常的行为对其他人来说可能同样不寻常。remember后为省略that的宾语从句，从句主语为what引导的从句，宾语从句中的seems为连系动词，设空处在宾语从句中作表语，根据语境可知，此处表示“不寻常的”，应用形容词usual的反义词。故填unusual。
5.These students are living __________ （prove）that with the right skills, tools and opportunities, innovation and discovery can happen at any age.
proof(s)
解析 句意为：这些学生就是活生生的证据，只要掌握了正确的技能和方法，并遇到适当的机会，创新和发现就可以发生在任何年龄。分析句子结构可知，设空处在主句中作表语，空前有形容词living修饰，应用名词。prove的名词形式为proof，意为“证据”时既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词。故填proof（s）。
6.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks ___ its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements（元素）.
to
解析 句意为：由于这一作品融合了现代和传统的中国元素，它引起了人们的广泛关注。thanks to为固定搭配，意为 “由于；幸亏”。故填to。
7.I recommend making seat reservations ___ advance, because this is a popular film and there will be a lot of audience.
in
解析 句意为：我建议提前预订座位，因为这是一部受欢迎的电影，观众会很多。in advance为固定搭配，意为“提前”。故填in。
8.She is familiar _____ at least five foreign languages, but it so happens that this language isn’t familiar ___ her.
with
to
解析 句意为：她熟悉至少五门外语，但碰巧她并不熟悉这门语言。be familiar with sth意为“（某人）熟悉某物”；be familiar to sb意为“（某物）对某人而言是熟悉的”。根据语境可知，第一空表示她熟悉至少五门外语，故填with；第二空表示这门语言对她而言是不熟悉的，故填to。
9.Music enables us _________ （forget） our worries temporarily and has a positive influence on our life.
to forget
解析 句意为：音乐使我们暂时忘记烦恼，对我们的生活有积极的影响。enable sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“使某人能够做某事”。故填to forget。
10.In the café, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment __________ is created for them.
that/which
解析 设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the historical environment，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
根据提示补全句子。
1.我宁愿去游泳也不愿去钓鱼。（prefer）
I ______ ___ ____ swimming ______ _____ ____ fishing.
prefer
to
go
rather
than
go
解析 prefer to do sth rather than do sth意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
2.优秀学习者通常把他们所需要学习的内容与一些有趣的东西联系起来。（connect）
Good learners often ________ what they need to learn _____ __________ ___________.
connect
with
something
interesting.
3.我们家五年前搬到加拿大后，就和以前的邻居失去了联系。（track）
Our family _____ ______ ___ our previous neighbours after we moved to Canada five years ago.
lost
track
of
4.要记住，友谊是建立在有共同兴趣的基础之上的。（mind）
__________ ___ ______ _____ friendship is based on shared interests.
Bear/Keep
in
mind
that
5.她已经搬去别的城市五年了，但我们还是彼此保持着联系。（touch）
She has moved to another city for five years, but we still _________ ___ ______ _____ _____ ______.
stay/keep
in
touch
with
each
other
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Could you imagine if moving to a new place meant losing touch with your friends What if 1. . only way of getting news from friends was writing letters This was what happened not so long ago. Thanks to advances in technology, the ways of making friends and communicating with our friends have become much 2. .（easy）.
In the digital age, we can maintain friendships and find people with the same interests, such as 3. .（collect）model cars. Wherever we live, connecting with those 4. . also enjoy doing the things we are fond of is very convenient.
But when you’re making friends online, does it mean they are really your friends It’s hard to say. If people honestly exchange true personal information online, these friendships can be
5. . （meaning）. However, people tend 6. .（post）only good things that make them appear happy and friendly. But smiling 7. .（photo）can hide real problems. On the Internet, nobody 8. .（know） exactly who you are. So we could even be sharing our information 9. . criminals! Isn’t it scary
the
easier
collecting
who
meaningful
to post
photos
knows
with
In conclusion, we must treat the Internet 10. .（wise）. While technology has changed the way we are connected, our desire for friends remains the same. After all, nobody can live without friends.
wisely
1.____
the
解析 only表示“唯一的；仅有的”，修饰名词时，常与定冠词the连用。故填the。
2.______
easier
解析 become为系动词，后接形容词、名词等作表语，much多用来修饰比较级。根据语境可知，此处与技术进步之前的情况作对比，故用easier。类似的用来修饰比较级的单词还有far, still, even等。
3.__________
collecting
解析 as为介词，后接动名词。
4._____
who
5.___________
meaningful
6.________
to post
7._______
photos
解析 photo为可数名词，空前无限定词修饰，且结合语境可知，此处表示不止一张照片，所以应用名词的复数形式。故填photos。
8._______
knows
解析 句意为：在网络上，没有人真正知道你是谁。此句陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时，且nobody为第三人称单数，故填knows。
9._____
with
10._______
wisely
解析 句意为：总之，我们一定要理智地对待网络。修饰动词treat应用副词，故用wise的副词形式wisely。
[山西朔州2023高一期末]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Even if all goes well for you in high school, that time of life still can be tough. After all, there’s so much for you to learn academically（学术上地）and 1. . （social）. But of all the challenges, 2. .（make）good friends might be the most important.
According to a new study published in the journal Child Development, best friends likely had a significant influence 3. . how you behave in your 20s. Researchers found that those with strong, close bonds（联系）with their friends at age fifteen 4. .（be）more likely to be healthy and happy later. Importantly, one’s popularity wasn’t found to have 5. . same benefit as close friends. The University of Virginia researchers who ran the study followed 169 subjects aged 15 to 25 every year for a decade. Then the researchers analysed information of the 10 years 6. . （understand） how people handled stress over time. They found that, compared to people with strong high school friendships, those 7. . were merely popular did much worse on several measures of mental health, such as self-worth, social acceptance 8. . relaxation.
socially
making
on/upon
were
the
to understand
who
and
“Being liked by a large group of people cannot take the place of building deep, mutually
9. . （support） friendships. So trying to build a close 10. . （connect） with a few people should be a priority,” wrote Joseph Allen, who co-authored the study.
supportive
connection
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是研究发现，高中阶段交好友十分重要。
1.________
socially
解析 句意为：毕竟，在学术和社交方面，你有很多东西要学。根据并列连词and前的academically可知，此处与其为并列成分，故设空处也应用副词，共同修饰动词learn；social的副词形式是socially，意为“在社交方面”。故填socially。
2.________
making
解析 句意为：但在所有的挑战中，结交好朋友可能是最重要的。分析句子结构可知，_____ good friends在句中作主语，设空处应用动名词形式。故填making。
3.________
on/upon
解析 句意为：根据发表在《儿童发展》期刊上的一项新研究，最好的朋友可能会对你20多岁时的行为产生重大影响。have an influence on/upon… 为固定搭配，意为“对……有影响”。故填on/upon。
4.______
were
解析 句意为：研究人员发现，那些在15岁时和朋友关系稳固且密切的人，以后更有可能健康快乐。根据前文中的found可知，事情发生在过去，从句时态应用一般过去时；从句主语是those，为复数概念，从句谓语动词也应用复数形式。故填were。
5.____
the
解析 句意为：重要的是，一个人的受欢迎程度并没有发现与有亲密的朋友有同样的好处。same常与定冠词the搭配使用，故填the。
6._____________
to understand
解析 句意为：然后，研究人员分析了这10年的信息，以了解人们是如何随着时间的推移处理压力的。分析句子结构可知，主句中已有谓语，设空处应用非谓语动词形式，此处表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to understand。
7._____
who
解析 句意为：他们发现，与那些在高中时拥有深厚友谊的人相比，那些仅仅是受欢迎的人在自我价值感、社会接受度和放松度等几项心理健康指标上表现得更差。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为those，指人，因此用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
8._____
and
解析 句意见上一题解析。self-worth, social acceptance和relaxation之间为并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。
9.__________
supportive
解析 句意为：被一大群人喜欢并不能取代建立深厚的、相互支持的友谊。设空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词friendships，support的形容词形式是supportive，意为“支持的”。故填supportive。
10.__________
connection
解析 句意为：因此，尝试与少数人建立密切联系应该是优先考虑的事情。此处close是形容词，修饰名词，connect的名词形式是connection，意为“联系”，空前有a修饰，所以设空处应用名词单数形式。故填connection。
01
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
[江苏扬州2023高一期中] A
I was in my early 30s, seeking a creative outlet unrelated to boring housework and raising little kids. At 65, George had recently retired and was seeking a rewarding hobby for his golden years. For both of us, painting was “it” and we met at a local painting class. Thus we began a friendship that was to last for 25 years—until the day he died.
George took to painting with an awe-inspiring （令人钦佩的） level of passion and commitment, even changing the spare bedroom of his home into a studio. How I envied him, as in my own home I had neither the space nor the funds for such a luxury. His painting equipment was comprehensive. George housed many items in a tool box—a red metal tool box. For about six years George and I studied together through various units until the completion of the course.
Fast-forward some years and George was then about 80 years old. One day, he rang and told me that he was giving up painting and giving away all his “stuff ”. “I can’t paint, Bev. I don’t know why I ever thought I could,” he declared. Actually, he was mistaken about his painting ability because he had turned out some unique and wonderful works. However, George had decided he was through with painting, and no amount of talking could persuade him otherwise. And so that was why George left all his painting equipment to me. “You have the best talent and are most likely to use it,” he said. After considerable persuasion, I accepted this precious gift on condition that he could get it back at any time. He never did, of course.
I still use much of his equipment today. As I paint, I often remember George, his big personality, generous spirit and unfailing encouragement. The most treasured item is the red tool box, still in good shape. The original shop sticker is still firmly in place although the price has long since worn off. But that’s all right because to my mind some things, like friendship, are beyond price.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在绘画班认识了退休来学画画的乔治，他们成了忘年交。后来乔治决定放弃画画，并把自己一整套心爱的绘画工具送给了作者，如今每当作者作画时都会想起乔治。
1.What does the underlined word “it” refer to ( )
C
A.A thing to fulfil the desire to create. B.A hobby to kill time at home.
C.A good chance to enrich their personal life. D.An approach to settling chores in daily life.
解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的I was in my early 30s, seeking a creative outlet unrelated to boring housework and raising little kids.At 65, George had recently retired and was seeking a rewarding hobby for his golden years.可知，作者想寻找一个与无聊的家务和抚养小孩无关的创造性的发泄途径，而刚刚退休的乔治想找一种有意义的爱好来度过他的黄金岁月，故画线词所在句表示对作者和乔治来说，画画就是他们在寻找的东西，结合选项可知，此处是指能够让他们原本的生活变得更加丰富多彩的事情，C项意为“丰富他们人生的好机会”。故选C项。
2.What can we learn from Paragraph 3 ( )
A
A.George once created some fine paintings.
B.George didn’t like his painting equipment.
C.George always wanted to give up painting.
D.George misunderstood the author’s painting ability.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Actually, he was mistaken about his painting ability because he had turned out some unique and wonderful works.可知，乔治曾经创作了一些很好的画作。故选A项。
3.Why did George call the author ( )
B
A.To admit his own failure. B.To present his painting tools.
C.To ask a favour of the author. D.To make an explanation.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的One day, he rang and told me that he was giving up painting and giving away all his “stuff ”.和And so that was why George left all his painting equipment to me.可知，乔治打电话是为了把他的绘画工具赠送给作者。故选B项。
4.What is the best title for this passage ( )
D
A.A Lesson From My Old Friend
B.Inspiration for Art From My Partner
C.Nice George: An Artist With Great Passion
D.A Red Tool Box: A Bond Between Two Friends
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者在绘画班认识了退休来学画画的乔治，他们成了忘年交。后来乔治决定放弃画画，并把自己一整套心爱的绘画工具送给了作者，如今每当作者作画时都会想起乔治；再结合最后一段中的The most treasured item is the red tool box, still in good shape. The original shop sticker is still firmly in place although the price has long since worn off. But that’s all right because to my mind some things, like friendship, are beyond price.可知，D项 （红色工具箱：两个朋友之间的纽带）可作为本文的最佳标题。故选D项。
[天津南开中学2023高一期中] B
It is often said that you can’t have too many friends. But it seems that there is a natural limit to the number of people we stay in touch with. A study found that when we make new friends, by starting a new job or going to university, we downgrade or even drop old ones. And while the friends may change, the number stays almost the same.
Oxford University researcher Felix Reed-Tsochas asked 24 students in the final months of school to list all their friends and relatives and say how close to them these friends and relatives were in a questionnaire（问卷）. The pupils filled in the questionnaire twice more after starting work or going to university. They were also given free mobile phones and agreed that researchers could use their call history to work out who they called, when and for how long.
Putting the two pieces of information together showed, unsurprisingly, that most people have a small circle of close friends, who they spend most of their time talking to. This inner circle is surrounded by group after group of ever more distant friends. As the volunteers’ lives changed, this overall pattern, including the number of best friends, remained almost the same, meaning that some close friends from childhood were dropped or downgraded as new friendships were built.
Dr Reed-Tsochas said, “Maybe my best friend is no longer the same person but the amount of time I allocate （分配） to my best friend is still the same.” He added that this finding suggests that even with the coming of modern technology we are only capable of forming a limited number of true friendships.
Chester University researcher Dr Sam Roberts said, “Our results are likely to reflect limitations on the ability of humans to keep emotionally close relationships, which are both because of limited time and the limited emotional capital （情绪资本） that individuals can allocate between family members and friends.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现当我们结交新朋友时，我们会跟一些老朋友失去联系。尽管朋友会变，但是我们结识的朋友数目几乎保持不变。
1.What is a popular belief about making friends according to the text ( )
C
A.A friend in need is a friend indeed. B.We should treat friends as our family.
C.The more friends we make, the better. D.A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句It is often said that you can’t have too many friends.可知，人们常常认为朋友越多越好。故选C项。
2.Which is a method Dr Reed-Tsochas used in his study ( )
A
A.Checking the volunteers’ call records. B.Learning about the volunteers’ hobbies.
C.Tracking the volunteers’ job performance. D.Interviewing the volunteers’ schoolmates.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的They were also given free mobile phones and agreed that researchers could use their call history to work out who they called, when and for how long.可知，他在研究中所使用的一个方法是核查志愿者的通话记录。故选A项。
3.What did the researchers find from the study ( )
D
A.One’s attitude to friendship remains the same.
B.People attach great importance to friendships.
C.People rarely drop their old friends to make new ones.
D.The number of one’s best friends doesn’t change much.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的As the volunteers’ lives changed, this overall pattern, including the number of best friends, remained almost the same和第四段中的He added that this finding suggests that even with the coming of modern technology we are only capable of forming a limited number of true friendships.可知，即使随着现代科技的到来，一个人结识的好朋友的数目仍然是有限的，即一个人的最好的朋友的数量变化不大。故选D项。
4.What is the function of the last paragraph ( )
B
A.To add background information. B.To give a possible explanation.
C.To offer some suggestions. D.To introduce a new topic.
解析 推理判断题。通读全文内容并根据最后一段中的“Our results are likely to reflect limitations on the ability of humans to keep emotionally close relationships… between family members and friends.”可知，前文介绍了研究过程及研究结论，最后一段说明了人类保持情感亲密关系的能力有限，这是因为每个人的时间以及能够在家庭成员和朋友之间分配的情绪资本是有限的。由此可推知，最后一段的作用是为研究结果作出了一种可能的解释。故选B项。
长难句分析
句意：我们的研究结果很可能反映了人类保持情感亲密关系的能力有限，这是因为个人的时间和可以在家庭成员和朋友之间分配的情绪资本有限。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
stay in touch with 与……保持联系
词缀拓展
down- prefix 使降低（重要性）；向下；朝下；减少，减弱
downgrade vt.使降级；降低；贬低
[全国乙2022] Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain（保持）long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact（联系）and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.1. ..
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.2. .. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy（共情）
3. ..The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
D
E
G
·4. .
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
5. ., but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A
F
A.Remember important dates
B.Compensate by writing letters
C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了维持远距离友谊的五种方法：设定一个固定日期；选择合适的交流方式；练习共情；记住朋友之间的重要日子；不要只依赖技术。
1.___
D
解析 设空前讲在繁忙的日程中挤时间打电话是一种挑战，再结合段落标题“设定固定日期”可知，D项（尽力找到一个适合双方的时间并坚持）承接上文，且其中的find a time和stick to it与段落小标题相呼应，符合语境。
2.___
E
解析 设空前讲你要和朋友沟通好交流的频率和方法，设空处下文列举了具体的交流方式。E项（朋友需要沟通更喜欢的交流方式）承上启下，其中的methods of communication与上文相呼应，符合语境。
3.___
G
解析 根据本段小标题“练习共情”和空后内容可推知，本段主要讲留下来的朋友和去了新环境的朋友分别后如何共情。G项（你可能是那个离开的朋友或者是留下来的朋友）分别对应下文中的两类人，引出下文，符合语境。
4.___
A
解析 根据语境可知，本段主要讲周年纪念日和生日等特殊日期很重要，要特别花心思过好这些重要日子，故A项（记住重要日子）适合作为本段小标题。
5.___
F
解析 根据本段小标题“不要只依赖技术”和空后“但是远距离的友谊，甚至近距离的，可能需要更多有意识的努力去维持”可推知，F项（通过社交媒体你很容易产生联结感）可与空后内容构成转折且呼应小标题，符合语境。
长难句分析
句意：留下来的朋友需要体谅已经离开的朋友所有的额外时间要求。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
keep track of 记录/了解……的情况
进阶词汇
1.characteristic n.特征；特色 adj.典型的；独特的
2.alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可替代的
02
Period Ⅱ Using language—Presenting ideas
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.For a short ________ （distant）, both residents and tourists can use the public bike system in Wuzhen.
distance
解析 句意为：在短距离内，居民和游客都可以在乌镇使用公共自行车系统。设空处作介词For的宾语，且空前有形容词short和冠词a修饰，应用名词。故填distance。
2.Ten minutes before the __________ （appoint） time, he sat nervously outside her office.
appointed
解析 句意为：在约定时间的十分钟前，他紧张地坐在她办公室的外面。设空处修饰名词time，应用形容词；appoint的形容词形式为appointed，表示“约定的”。故填appointed。
3.It was _________ （inspire） that our team got first place.
inspiring
解析 句意为：我们队获得第一名是令人鼓舞的。分析句子结构可知，It是形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语，设空处在主句中作表语，表示“鼓舞人心的”，故填inspiring。
4.Making progress requires a lot of efforts and work, so just be _______ （patience）.
patient
解析 句意为：取得进步需要付出大量努力和做许多工作，所以要耐心一点。根据语境可知，此处表示“耐心的”，应用形容词作系动词后的表语，故填patient。
5.Frogs absorb water from their ____________ （surround） through their skin.
surroundings
解析 句意为：青蛙通过皮肤从周围的环境中吸收水分。空前有形容词性物主代词their修饰，设空处应用名词，此处表示“环境”，故填surroundings。
6.The Internet offers a lot of information, but you should work ____ what is suitable for you.
out
解析 句意为：因特网提供了大量的信息，但是你应该弄清楚什么适合你。work out为固定搭配，意为“弄懂；解决”。故填out。
7.I had made an appointment with Tom, but he didn’t turn ____, which made me annoyed.
up
解析 句意为：我本来和汤姆约好了，但是他没有出现，这让我很恼火。turn up意为“出现；露面”。
8.The sleep disorder specialist warned sleep-tracking apps were making people anxious ______ enough sleep.
about
解析 句意为：这位睡眠障碍专家提醒说，睡眠跟踪应用程序正在让人们对获得足够的睡眠非常焦虑。be anxious about sth为固定搭配，意为“对某事感到焦虑/担忧”。故填about。
9.Out of his passion ____ knowledge, he continued to study and earned a doctorate in physics in 1905.
for
解析 句意为：出于对知识的热爱，他继续学习，并于1905年获得物理学博士学位。a passion for为固定搭配，意为“对……的热爱”。故填for。
10.Sometimes students postpone ______ （do） their homework until the last minute.
doing
解析 句意为：有时学生把做作业推迟到最后一分钟。postpone doing sth为固定搭配，意为“推迟做某事”。故填doing。
根据提示补全句子。
1.他很早就离开了家乡，决心在南美洲发家致富。
He left his hometown early, determined to ______ _____ _______ in South America.
make
a/his
fortune
2.上市是有风险的，但对于许多初创企业来说，这仍然是值得的。（worth）
There are risks to going public but for many start-ups, ____ _____ ______ ___.
it’s
still
worth
it
3.这个包质量很好，设计也很便于使用。
This bag is ___ _____ _______ and its design is user-friendly.
of
high
quality
4.所有演员在上台前都应当把每一句台词记熟，因为紧张可能使他忘词。
Every actor ______ ___ __________ _____ _____ ___ ____ _____ before he goes on stage, as nervousness may make him forgetful.
ought
to
remember
well
each
of
his
lines
5.我突然想起我忘记交作业了，这让我很焦虑。（strike）
___ _______ ____ _____ I forgot to hand in my homework, which makes me very anxious.
It
strikes
me
that
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.After listening to the scientists _________ had studied the problem, the government turned to the UN for help.
who/that
解析 句意为：在听取了研究过这一问题的科学家的意见后，政府向联合国寻求帮助。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是scientists, 指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导该从句。故填who/that。
2.The prize was awarded to those _____ have made great contributions to scientific development.
who
解析 句意为：该奖授予给那些为科学发展作出巨大贡献的人。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，先行词表示“那些人”，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导该从句。故填who。
3.We were surprised to hear that the reason __________ he gave for her absence was that her father was ill.
which/that
解析 句意为：听到他给出的她缺席的理由是她父亲病了，我们很惊讶。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，关系词在从句中作gave的宾语，应用which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。
4.He is the young scientist _______ name is known all over the country.
whose
解析 句意为:他就是那位闻名全国的年轻科学家。定语从句中缺少定语成分，scientist与name之间是所属关系，故填whose。
5.The man with _______ you shook hands just now is our project manager.
whom
解析 句意为：刚才和你握手的那位男士是我们的项目经理。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为The man，关系词在介词with后面作宾语，应用关系代词whom引导该从句。故填whom。
6.People put up shelters in the open air using anything _____ could be found.
that
解析 句意为：人们用任何能找到的东西在户外搭起了避难所。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词anything，关系词在从句中作主语；当先行词为all, something, anything等不定代词时，关系代词通常用that，而不用which。故填that。
7.As far as I’m concerned, Paris is the most unusual city _____ I have ever been to.
that
解析 句意为：就我而言，巴黎是我去过的最不寻常的城市。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为city,且其前有形容词的最高级修饰，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。故填that。
8.It is necessary to keep a diary of the things and people _____ are of great help to us in our life.
that
解析 句意为：把生活中对我们有很大帮助的事和人记在日记里是必要的。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the things and people，既有人又有物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以只能用关系代词that引导该从句。故填that。
9.These are the very reference articles _____ I am looking for.
that
解析 句意为：这些正是我在寻找的参考文章。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reference articles，关系词在从句中作宾语，先行词前有the very修饰，只能用关系代词that引导该从句。故填that。
10.There are many mysteries about dinosaurs for _______ we long to find explanations.
which
解析 句意为：关于恐龙有许多谜团，我们渴望找到解释。分析句子成分可知，此处为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词指代先行词mysteries，且在定语从句中作介词for的宾语，应用which引导该从句。此处为固定搭配explanations for，意为“对……的解释”。
[辽宁沈阳市级重点高中联合体2023高一期中]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In English, there is a popular saying: All good things must come to 1. . end. This, however, might not always be true. For the six friends in Friends, the “good things”—the 2._________（friend）between them—have never really ended.
Perhaps you haven’t seen Friends. The TV series tells the story of six young people, Rachel, Ross, Monica, Chandler, Phoebe and Joey 3. came to New York City to find love, success and fun. Each of them had a different 4. （personal）. However, they were able to put their differences aside and became good friends.
Nearly twenty years 5. . （pass）since the last episode of Friends was on. Fans have been looking forward to 6. .（see）the six friends reunite on the screen. That wish finally came true. A special episode, Friends: The Reunion, was broadcast（播放）online on May 27, 2021.
an
friendships
who/that
personality
have passed
seeing
Your English teacher once probably advised you to watch Friends. For sure, watching the series will help you learn English. But you can learn 7. . （much） from Friends. One thing it can teach us all is how 8. . （gain） lasting friendships. As Rachel once said, “9. . （obvious）, there were no cellphones back in the 1990s. It was just friends sitting around 10. . chatting together.” If you want to have lifelong friends, don’t just chat online. Make sure to always be there—for your friends!
more
to gain
Obviously
and
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。电视连续剧《老友记》不仅能帮你学习英语，还能帮你了解友谊，它的特别续篇《老友记重聚特辑》于2021年5月27日在网上播出。
1.____
an
解析 句意为：在英语中，有一句流行的谚语：所有美好的事物最终都会消逝。come to an end为固定搭配，意为“结束”。故填an。
2.___________
friendships
解析 句意为：对于《老友记》中的六个朋友来说，“美好的事物”——他们之间的友谊——永远不会真正结束。根据句意可知，此处指友谊，friendship表示“友谊；朋友关系”时为可数名词，根据空后的have可知，此处应用名词复数形式，故填friendships。
3._________
who/that
解析 句意为：这部电视剧讲述了瑞秋、罗斯、莫妮卡、钱德勒、菲比和乔伊六个年轻人来到纽约寻找爱情、成功和乐趣的故事。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是six young people，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who或that引导该从句。故填who/that。
4.___________
personality
解析 句意为：他们每个人都有不同的性格。设空处作宾语，且由a可知，此处应填名词单数形式。故填personality。
5.____________
have passed
解析 句意为：距离《老友记》最后一集的播出已经过去了将近20年。结合since引导的时间状语从句可知，主句时态用现在完成时；Nearly twenty years作主语，谓语用复数形式。故填have passed。
【知识拓展】常与现在完成时搭配的时间状语
since+过去的时间点；in/during/over the past+时间; so far; till/until now; up to now等。
6._______
seeing
解析 句意为：电视剧迷们一直期待着看到这六个朋友在荧幕上重聚。look forward to doing sth为固定用法，表示“期待做某事”，其中to是介词，其后应接动词see的动名词形式。故填seeing。
7.______
more
解析 句意为：但是你可以从《老友记》里学到更多。结合语境可知，此处表示比较含义，应用much的比较级。故填more。
8.________
to gain
解析 句意为：它可以教会我们所有人的一件事是如何获得持久的友谊。此处是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，可在句中作表语、宾语、主语等。故填to gain。
【知识拓展】“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的用法
“疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等成分。如：
When and where to go camping has not been decided.露营的时间和地点尚未确定。（作主语）
Traffic lights tell us when to cross the road.交通信号灯告诉我们何时该过马路。（作宾语）
The question is how to carry out the plan.问题是怎样执行这项计划。（作表语）
9.__________
Obviously
解析 句意为：瑞秋曾经说过：“很显然，20世纪90年代没有手机，有的只是朋友坐在一起聊天。”此处应用副词作状语，修饰后面的句子，注意单词首字母应大写。故填Obviously。
10._____
and
解析 句意见上一题解析。结合句意可知，siting around和chatting together是并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。
02
Period Ⅱ Using language—Presenting ideas
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
[安徽十校联盟2023高一联考]Schoolchildren spend most of their time surrounded by their peers（同龄人）. They spend a lot more time with classmates, teammates and fellow club members than with adults in their lives. Peer pressure can have a huge influence on the lives of children in grades two through twelve.
From birth through age six, the family shapes a child's sense of identity（特性）. Parents and brothers and sisters affect a child’s likes, dislikes, tastes in clothing, food and music and, perhaps most importantly, values. Once children enter school, they form connections with the larger group of their peers. This group brings new ideas and experiences. Peer pressure occurs when a student’s actions are influenced by this group. The “pressure” happens when peers suggest or demand actions different from the child's normal behaviour and values.
Peer pressure leads to some disturbing negative behaviour in young people. In the USA, about 75% of high school students have tried alcohol offered by their friends in middle or high school. According to a survey, students felt pressured by their peers between 35% and 49% of the time. The power of peer pressure can result from a child’s growing desire to fit into a group.
Thankfully, peer pressure can also be positive. For example, wanting to join an athletic group of friends may force a student who doesn’t exercise regularly to try out for the soccer team. In a survey of peer pressure, 51% of teenagers felt that peer pressure was sometimes positive. One teenager responded, “Sometimes it can help you gain confidence.” Other examples of positive peer pressure include students encouraging a classmate to run for president of the Student Union, or friends suggesting that a talented peer try out for a talent show.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了同辈压力对学生的巨大影响。
1.What leads to schoolchildren’s peer pressure ( )
D
A.The identity shaped by their family.
B.The connections with their classmates.
C.The childhood experiences with their friends.
D.The differences in their behaviour and values.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Peer pressure occurs when a student’s actions are influenced by this group. The “pressure” happens when peers suggest or demand actions different from the child’s normal behaviour and values.可知，行为和价值观与其他同龄人不同会导致学生产生同辈压力。
2.Why do some schoolchildren behave negatively under peer pressure ( )
B
A.To kill their boring time. B.To fit into a peer group.
C.To help gain confidence. D.To improve social skills.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Peer pressure leads to some disturbing negative behaviour in young people.和The power of peer pressure can result from a child’s growing desire to fit into a group.可知，渴望融入一个群体会让学生出现一些令人不安的负面行为。
3.What does the author think of peer pressure ( )
C
A.It does more harm than good.
B.It is very good for schoolchildren’s growth.
C.It is not necessarily bad for schoolchildren.
D.It plays an important role in shaping a child’s values.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Thankfully, peer pressure can also be positive.以及下文的举例可推断，作者认为同辈压力也有积极的一面，可以促使学生挑战自己，即同辈压力不一定对学生有害处。
4.What is the best title for the text ( )
C
A.Why Schoolchildren Turn Out the Way They Do
B.Ways to Help Schoolchildren Deal With Peer Pressure
C.Peer Pressure Highly Influences Schoolchildren
D.How to Improve Schoolchildren’s Behaviour and Values
解析 主旨大意题。第一段最后一句提出观点：同辈压力会对二年级至十二年级的孩子的生活产生巨大影响。第三、四段从对学生的负面影响和积极影响两方面进行阐述，由此可知，C项（同辈压力极大地影响学生）适合做本文的标题。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.fellow adj.同类的；同伴的 n.［常用复数］同事；同辈
2.respond vi. & vt.回复 vi.回应；作出反应
[重庆渝东六校联盟2023高一联考]Cheerleader tryouts were just around the corner. The idea of being on the team had . .1. . me for years. But the thought of being . .2. . for being a boy cheerleader was frightening.
The first tryout day finally came. I got a cheerleader tryout clearance（许可）form, but the thought of not trying made me increasingly . .3. .. This nervousness finally led to . .4. .. As soon as school was over, I jumped on the . .5. . heading home.
About five minutes on the bus a . .6. . called my name and asked, “Why aren’t you at cheerleader tryouts ” I said, “Oh, I got . .7. . and left. Maybe I’ll go back tomorrow. I have a lot of homework tonight.” My friend knew it was just a（n） . .8. . and could clearly tell my nerves had got the best of me. She said, “You have to go back, or you’ll . .9. . it!” Before I could say anything, she had pushed the “Stop Request” button. The bus . .10. . and I got off.
My anxiety-ridden legs brought me back to school in a . .11. ., because I was late. Once I got to the outside of the gym doors, I . .12. . for a second, took a deep breath and walked in.
As the varsity captain （校队队长） for this upcoming fall, it is almost impossible to imagine my life without . .13. .. I’ve had so many doors open for me because of it, and met so many wonderful people through it. I’m so . .14. . for the friend making me realise that following my . .15. . is the best thing I can do.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者想参加啦啦队队员选拔，但因为自己是男生，怕别人嘲笑，所以没去参加，但是在朋友的鼓励下，最终参加选拔，成为啦啦队队长。
1.( )A.welcomed B.attracted C.confused D.trained
B
解析 根据下文中的The first tryout day finally came.并结合选项可知，作者想参加啦啦队队员选拔，成为其中一员，多年来，这一想法一直吸引着作者。故选B项。
2.( )A.laughed at B.looked after C.accepted D.remembered
A
解析 根据空后的being a boy cheerleader并结合常识可知，一般啦啦队队员是女孩子，所以男孩子成为啦啦队队员可能会被嘲笑。故选A项。
3.( )A.tired B.unpopular C.anxious D.hurt
C
解析 根据下文This nervousness finally led to _____.可知，此处指作者越来越紧张。故选C项。
4.( )A.words B.action C.plans D.injury
B
解析 根据下文中的I jumped on the _____ heading home可知，因为紧张，作者没有参加选拔，这是作者采取的行动。故选B项。
5.( )A.boat B.bus C.bike D.train
B
解析 根据下文中的About five minutes on the bus a _____ called my name and asked可知，作者乘坐的是公共汽车。故选B项。
6.( )A.friend B.driver C.teacher D.stranger
A
解析 根据下文中的My friend knew it was just a（n）______ and could clearly tell my nerves had got the best of me.可知，此处是指作者的朋友叫住了作者。故选A项。
7.( )A.curious B.nervous C.addicted D.impressed
B
解析 根据上文中的This nervousness finally led to ______ .可知，作者没参加选拔是因为紧张。故选B项。
8.( )A.sadness B.debate C.adventure D.excuse
D
解析 根据上文中的I have a lot of homework tonight.和空后的and could clearly tell my nerves had got the best of me可知，作者没参加选拔是因为太紧张而不是因为要写很多作业，所以说写作业只是借口。故选D项。
9.( )A.achieve B.need C.quit D.regret
D
解析 根据空前的You have to go back并结合选项可知，作者的朋友让作者回去参加选拔是怕作者会后悔。故选D项。
10.( )A.left B.arrived C.stopped D.turned
C
解析 根据上文中的she had pushed the “Stop Request” button可知，作者的朋友按下公共汽车停车按钮，所以公共汽车停了下来。故选C项。
11.( )A.while B.hurry C.circle D.way
B
解析 in a hurry是固定搭配，表示“匆忙”。根据下文because I was late可知，因为作者迟到了，所以作者应是匆忙赶回学校。故选B项。
【知识拓展】while熟词生义
熟义：conj.当……时；虽然；但是
生义：n.一段时间 in a while一会儿；过不久
12.( )A.shouted B.searched C.stood D.knocked
C
解析 根据空前的Once I got to the outside of the gym doors和空后的for a second, took a deep breath and walked in可知，作者一到达体育馆门口，就站了一会儿，深吸了一口气，然后走了进去。故选C项。
13.( )A.sport B.preparation C.cheerleading D.understanding
C
解析 根据上文中的As the varsity captain可知，作者加入了啦啦队，结合选项可知，此处指作者无法想象自己没有加入啦啦队的生活。故选C项。
14.( )A.hopeful B.important C.thankful D.sorry
C
解析 根据空后的the friend making me realise that following my _____ is the best thing I can do可知，作者的朋友使作者作出了正确的决定，所以作者很感激她。故选C项。
15.( )A.habit B.career C.personality D.interest
D
解析 根据第一段中的The idea of being on the team had _____ me for years.可知，成为啦啦队队员一直是作者想做的，这是作者的兴趣。故选D项。
03
单元限时小卷
[山东潍坊2022高一期中]The challenge of refusing to be addicted to food is, well, the food. It tastes good. It looks good. It smells really good. Saying no is an uphill fight. “It’s not about willpower,” says McManus from Brigham and Women’s Hospital.
Why do we eat when we are not hungry It could be out of joy, but there’s a good chance that it’s because we’re anxious, mad, tired, sad, bored. As they are recognised as stress, the brain releases cortisol（皮质醇）, which can increase the food intake, says Dr Lilian Cheung, a lecturer at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. As a result, we may turn to food. Too often we eat while watching television, doing work, talking on the phone. We have little chance to realise that we are full and end up eating more.
So what can we do “We should make eating as attractive as possible. Find a good place and use a good plate. Sit down and enjoy the full taste of the meal; if you’re with others, enjoy the company. It can be just 15 minutes, but everything slows down and you’ll feel more satisfied,” Cheung suggested.
建议用时：55分钟
“We need to eat with all of our senses,” Cheung says. And that goes for all food. There’s no need to eliminate the things that taste good but aren’t the healthiest. Things like ice cream and cake are often connected with something worth celebrating. When they’re coming up, we can use smaller plates and let the treats sit in our mouth. When we fully get ourselves in the experience, a little is usually enough and there’s no need to feel guilty（内疚的）at having it.
Before making any food decision, ask ourselves “Do I really want that ” But it doesn’t always work and it’s difficult to be always wise. McManus says that’s all right. Perfection is never the goal, especially at the beginning. “It’s an ongoing practice,” she says. “Over time we’ll see a big difference.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。当人们感到有压力时，就会增加食物摄入量。面对食物的诱惑，人们要学会作出正确的选择，这应该是循序渐进的，只要坚持就会大有不同。
1.What is probably the major cause of eating when we’re not hungry ( )
A
A.Stress. B.Pleasure. C.Willpower. D.Joy.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的It could be out of joy, but there’s a good chance that it’s because we’re anxious, mad, tired, sad, bored. As they are recognised as stress, the brain releases cortisol, which can increase the food intake可知，当人们感到有压力时就会增加食物摄入量。故选A项。
2.What is Cheung’s suggestion on eating ( )
D
A.Using expensive plates. B.Eating the food as quickly as possible.
C.Asking someone to keep company. D.Turning eating into complete enjoyment.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的We should make eating as attractive as possible.及Sit down and enjoy the full taste of the meal; if you’re with others, enjoy the company.可知，张博士建议我们把吃东西变成享受的过程。故选D项。
3.What does the underlined word “eliminate” mean in Paragraph 4 ( )
B
A.Recommend. B.Avoid. C.Choose. D.Challenge.
解析 词义猜测题。根据前文And that goes for all food.可知，所有的食物都可以慢慢享受，再根据下文the things that taste good but aren’t the healthiest可知，我们没有必要忽略、排除那些味道不错但不是最健康的食物。故画线词有“忽略；排除”的意思。故选B项。
4.What does McManus mainly intend to tell us in the last paragraph ( )
C
A.Well begun is half done. B.Every coin has two sides.
C.Rome was not built in a day. D.The early bird catches the worm.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的McManus says that’s all right. Perfection is never the goal, especially at the beginning. “It’s an ongoing practice,” she says. “Over time we’ll see a big difference.”可知，麦克马纳斯认为人们面对食物的诱惑时，应循序渐进地学会作出正确的选择，只要坚持就会大有不同。由此可推知，作者在最后一段旨在表达的内容与“罗马不是一日建成的”含义一致。故选C项。
[河南许昌2023期末]One of the reasons why we preserve historic places is that they can continue to tell the stories of our history to the next generation. But what if the next generation doesn’t understand the value and significance of these places 1. . Here are four things to do with kids in the classroom or at home to get them involved in and excited about historic preservation.
Talk to the neighbours. Encourage kids to talk to the neighbours who have lived on their street for a long time. Find out what they remember about living there and about the people who have moved on. Maybe they have old photographs of how the street and houses used to look. 2. . Oral（口述的）histories are an invaluable resource and provide a link to the places of our past.
Visit a historic site. Take kids to visit a historic site in your area, or stop by the local historical society or museum. You can often find an original map of the surrounding area at the historical society or museum. Make a project out of comparing old maps to today’s roads and neighbourhoods. 3. . What has stayed the same
G
F
A
4. . Ask your historical society or local preservation organisation if there are any projects that your kids can get involved in. Help clean up and repair buildings or plant trees in or around historic areas.
Create a historical record for a landmark（遗址）.Brainstorm the items that should be included in a historical record, like photographs, construction dates, architectural styles and features, and stories of who lived there or used the building and for what. What kind of things would someone want to know about this place in 50 or 100 years 5. .
B
D
A.What has changed
B.Take part in a community project.
C.Create a historic walking tour of your city.
D.Then, put together your own historical record.
E.Do they tell different stories from different ages
F.You can also consider recording the conversation.
G.That’s why it’s important to get kids involved in historic preservation.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种引导孩子们参与历史遗迹保护的方法。
1.___
G
解析 前文提到我们保护历史遗迹的原因之一是它们可以继续向下一代讲述我们历史的故事。空前提出设问（但如果下一代不理解这些地方的价值和意义该怎么办呢？），由此可知，设空处应说明让孩子们参与历史遗迹保护很重要。G项（那就是为什么让孩子们参与历史文物保护很重要）中的historic preservation和下文中的historic preservation相呼应。故选G项。
2.___
F
解析 前文提到鼓励孩子和街道上居住已久的邻居交谈的意义在于可以帮助孩子了解此地的历史，下文提到口述历史是极宝贵的资源，并且还是将我们与历史遗迹相联系的桥梁。由此可推知，设空处应承上启下；F项中的recording the conversation承接上文的Talk to the neighbours.，且与设空处后的Oral histories are an invaluable resource相呼应。故选F项。
3.___
A
解析 前文讲到把旧地图与现在的道路和社区进行比较，后文提出问题：什么保持不变？结合选项可判断，A项（什么改变了？）符合语境，表示通过对比，探索改变的地方和没有改变的地方。故选A项。
4.___
B
解析 根据文章结构可知，设空处位于段首，是本段的主题句，应对该段内容进行概括。根据下文Ask your historical society or local preservation organisation if there are any projects that your kids can get involved in.可知，下文提到了让孩子参与项目，所以本段主要是讲通过参与项目的方式来了解历史。B项（参与社区项目）中的Take part in与下文中的get involved in是同义表述，而下文中的Help clean up and repair buildings or plant trees是对参与方式的具体举例说明。B项符合语境。
5.___
D
解析 前文Brainstorm the items that should be included in a historical record, like… 提到想出你想要加入史学档案中的内容，并列举了一些例子。D项（然后，把你自己的史学档案整理出来）符合语境，其中的historical record与本段首句中的historical record相呼应，为原词复现。故选D项。
“Ma’am, your son is in trouble.”
“What did he do ”
“He was reading a . .1. . in class.”
That was me, 14 years ago. I had the terrible . .2. . and I occasionally got caught by my . .3. .. Things are a bit different these days. They . .4. .when the smartphone entered the market. You could read, play games, send messages and watch videos all on a(n) . .5. . much smaller than a regular novel.
That’s why teaching has become. .6. . than ever. The number of distractions（使人分心的事物） has risen. Many schools are trying to . .7. . the limit of smartphone use. One school in California is using locked bags for students’ phones. The bags automatically . .8. . at the end of the school day.
But I know young people will find a way around these. .9. .. For example, I’ve known students who bring two phones to school—one to . .10. . to the teacher and the other to use. So, if change is going to come, it can’t just be from . .11. .. In school and even outside of school, too much smartphone use can be really . .12. . to you.
You should go outdoors and tour around different places, talk. .13. . with your friends and family, and spend . .14. . time staring at your electronic screens. Chances are, when you grow up, you will be . .15. . in front of one for far longer than you want!
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过介绍手机使用在校园越来越频繁的现象，来建议读者少花时间在手机上，应多和家人、朋友聊天，多出去旅行。
1.( )A.newspaper B.brochure C.magazine D.novel
D
解析 根据后文than a regular novel可知，作者上课时看小说。brochure意为“小册子”；magazine意为“杂志”。
2.( )A.trouble B.class C.habit D.plot
C
解析 根据前后文可知，作者上课看小说被老师发现了，这是一种坏习惯。
3.( )A.teachers B.classmates C.friends D.parents
A
解析 根据前文“Ma’am, your son is in trouble.”可知，作者上课时看小说被老师发现了，老师通知了作者的家长。
4.( )A.marched B.occurred C.changed D.responded
C
解析 根据前文的Things are a bit different these days.和后文的when the smartphone entered the market可知，智能手机上市后，事情发生了改变。
5.( )A.chip B.object C.webpage D.attachment
B
解析 句意为：你可以在一个比常规的小说小得多的物体上阅读、玩游戏、发信息和看视频。根据前文You could read, play games, send messages and watch videos可知，此处指在智能手机上阅读、玩游戏等，故设空处选object，表示能做这些事情的物体，也就是前文提到的手机。chip意为“芯片”；object意为“物体”；webpage意为“网页”；attachment意为“附件”。
6.( )A.harder B.more effective C.poorer D.more creative
A
解析 句意为：那就是为什么教学变得比以往任何时候都困难。根据后文The number of distractions has risen.可知，因为使人分心的事情变多了，所以教学变得更加困难了。故选A项。
7.( )A.forbid B.reduce C.lift D.increase
D
解析 句意为：许多学校正试图增加对智能手机使用的限制。根据后文的举例One school in California is using locked bags for students’ phones.可知，此处表示许多学校正试图增加对智能手机使用的限制。故选D项。forbid意为“禁止”。
8.( )A.move B.unlock C.return D.disappear
B
解析 句意为：袋子会在放学后自动解锁。根据前文One school in California is using locked bags for students’ phones.可知，加利福尼亚州的一所学校将学生的手机装在带锁的袋子里，由此可知，此处表示装有手机的袋子在放学后会自动解锁。unlock意为“解锁”。
9.( )A.dilemmas B.procedures C.measures D.principles
C
解析 句意为：但我知道年轻人会找到绕过这些措施的办法。根据上一段中的Many schools are trying to _____ the limit of smartphone use.可知，许多学校为限制智能手机的使用，采取了一些措施，所以此处指年轻人会找到绕过这些措施的办法。dilemma意为“进退两难的境地；窘境”；procedure意为“程序；手续”；measure意为“措施”；principle意为“原则”。
10.( )A.give B.present C.show D.deliver
A
解析 句意为：例如，我认识一些学生，他们带两部手机上学——一部交给老师，另一部自己使用。根据前文I’ve known students who bring two phones to school可知，一些学生带两部手机去学校，一部交给老师，一部留着自己用。故选A项。
11.( )A.family B.schools C.society D.students
B
解析 句意为：因此，如果变化即将到来，那么它不能仅仅来自学校。根据后文In school and even outside of school可知，改变智能手机使用情况的举措不能只是来自学校。
12.( )A.beneficial B.essential C.close D.harmful
D
解析 句意为：在学校甚至校外，过多地使用智能手机对你来说都是非常有害的。根据生活常识可知，过多使用手机是有害的。beneficial意为“有益的”；harmful意为“有害的”。
13.( )A.with ease B.in private C.face to face D.heart to heart
C
解析 句意为：你应该去户外，去不同的地方旅游，和你的朋友及家人面对面交谈，花更少的时间盯着你的电子屏幕。根据前文You should go outdoors and tour around different places可知，作者建议少花时间在手机上，多和朋友及家人面对面交谈。with ease意为“轻易地；毫不费力地”；in private意为“私下地；单独地”；face to face意为“面对面地”；heart to heart意为“倾心地”。
14.( )A.less B.precious C.longer D.limited
A
解析 前文提到你应该去户外，去不同的地方旅游，和你的朋友及家人面对面交谈，所以设空处表示少花时间盯着电子屏幕。precious意为“珍贵的”；limited意为“有限的”。
15.( )A.grateful B.struck C.anxious D.stuck
D
解析 句意为：当你长大后，你可能会在电子屏幕前停留比你想的还要长得多的时间!作者建议少花时间在电子产品上，应花更多的时间陪伴家人、朋友或出去旅行，因为长大后可能会在电子屏幕前停留更长的时间。
[浙江北斗星盟2022高一联考]As Alison Gopnik described in her recent book, there are two kinds of parents in modern America: the carpenter and the gardener. The “carpenter” thinks that his or her child can 1. . （shape）. “The idea is that if you just do the right things, get the right skills, and read the right books, you’re going to be able to turn your child 2. . a particular kind of adult,” she said.
The “gardener”, however, is seldom concerned about 3. .（control）what the child will become and instead provides a protected space for the child 4. . （explore）. The style is all about “creating a rich, nutritious but also variable, diverse, active ecosystem”.
be shaped
into
controlling
to explore
Gopnik, a psychology and philosophy professor at the University of California, Berkeley, said, “Many parents are carpenters, and 5. . is really necessary for them to bring up children.” She spent decades researching children’s development and 6. . （find）that parents often focused too much on what their children would be as adults. The harm is that parents and their offspring（子女）may become 7. . （anxiety）, tense or unhappy.
“We’re so concerned about our children 8. . we think have difficulty mastering their own future that we’re unwilling to allow them to 9. . （free） explore the world,” she said. The truth is that the 10. . （little）parents worry about outcomes, the better their children may live in life.
it
found
anxious
who/that
freely
less
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了现代美国存在的“木匠型”父母和“园丁型”父母。
1.__________
be shaped
解析 句意为：“木匠型”父母认为他/她的孩子可以被塑造。设空处为从句的谓语动词，从句主语his or her child与shape之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且设空处前是情态动词can，故填be shaped。
2._____
into
解析 句意为：她说：“这种观点认为，如果只做正确的事情、习得正确的技能、读正确的书，你就能将你的孩子培养成某种类型的成年人。” turn… into… 为固定搭配，意为“将……变成……”，故填into。
3.__________
controlling
解析 句意为：然而，“园丁型”父母很少干涉孩子将成为什么样的人，相反，他/她会提供一个受保护的空间供孩子去探索。设空处作介词about的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填controlling。
4.__________
to explore
解析 句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填to explore。
5.___
it
解析 句意为：……“许多父母都是‘木匠型’父母，养育孩子对他们来说很必要。”此处为“it is+形容词+for sb+to do sth”句型，意为“对某人来说，做某事是……的”，其中，it作形式主语。
6.______
found
解析 句意为：她花了几十年的时间研究儿童的成长并发现父母往往过于关注自己的孩子长大后会成为什么样的人。设空处与spent并列作本句的谓语，此处应用一般过去时，故填found。
7.________
anxious
解析 句意为：这样做的危害是父母以及他们的子女可能会变得焦虑、紧张或不开心。设空处作become的表语，与tense及unhappy为并列关系，故填anxious。
8._________
who/that
解析 句意为：她说：“我们认为我们的孩子很难掌控其未来，我们忧心忡忡，以至于不愿让他们自由地探索世界。”分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是our children，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who或that引导该从句。此处we think是插入语。
【知识拓展】识别定语从句中的插入语
插入语就是在一个句子中间插入一个成分,但它不作句子的任何成分,也不和句子的任何成分有结构上的关系。如果定语从句中含有插入语，一定要先把插入语忽略不计，再分析从句缺少什么成分，从而确定填何关系词。定语从句中常见的插入语有I think/believe/guess/expect以及I am sure, they say, they know, she saw等，这种定语从句也经常被称为复合定语从句。如：Jocelyn is the person who we expect will win.乔斯林是我们期望能获胜的人。该句中we expect是插入语,先行词是person, 关系词who在定语从句中作主语。
9.______
freely
解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰动词explore，应用副词，意为“自由地”，故填freely。
10._____
less
解析 句意为：事实上，父母对结果担心得越少，他们的孩子就可能生活得越好。此处为“the+比较级...， the+比较级...”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。故填less。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
If you are walking across the campus, you can be embarrassed with every pair of eyes on you, especially when you’re 13 years old. I looked around to find a friendly face or a smile, but got nothing. I was quite disappointed. And I, in turn, felt a little foolish, walking across the campus with a false smile on my face. I was simply hoping to follow the advice that my mother had given me years before: When things get awkward, smile. No matter where you are, a smile will always be understood. At that very moment, however, I felt my mother’s advice didn’t work.
Just at that time, I was asking myself questions and concerns of any 13-year-old on the first day of school: Where would I sit at lunch Who would I talk to Not to mention, how would I make friends when I didn’t even speak the language My heart was beating fast, and I felt nervous. Still, I did my best to be calm so as not to let others know just how scared I truly was.
When the teacher introduced me to the class as the “American girl”, 10 sets of hands immediately shot up. Some students had questions, while others wanted to practise their English with me. Because I didn’t speak much Chinese then, I talked with the other students through body language mixed with English and broken Chinese. However, I was not sure how much of it was positive. It was almost as if they weren't sure what to make of me and I was being examined. Then again, who could blame them After all, I was the first American ever to attend the school. So, we were all first-timers.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Then came the first class—Chinese painting. _________________________________________
As I burnt with great embarrassment, Li Hua, who was next to me, gave me a warm smile.
____________________________________________________________________________________
【写作提示】
1.材料导读
材料大意 本文讲述了来自美国的作者第一次到中国上学的经历。面对陌生的环境和语言不通造成的沟通障碍，作者感到尴尬和迷茫，对校园生活充满了担忧。作者听从妈妈的建议，以微笑面对尴尬，但这似乎并不起作用。伴随着紧张不安的情绪，作者迎来了在中国学校的第一堂课。
故事背景 作者13岁时第一次来到中国上学，面对陌生的环境和语言不通造成的沟通障碍，作者感到尴尬而紧张。
主要角色 作者（初到中国上学的13岁美国学生）、李华（作者的同学）
写作顺序 时间顺序
需要解决的问题 作者面对陌生的环境，且不能熟练使用中文，在中国学校的第一堂课上遇到了困难。
2.续写分析
续写第一段（提示句：然后是第一堂课——中国画。） 根据第一段首句内容和第二段的提示句可推测，作者在学习画中国画的过程中遇到了困难，作者感到很尴尬。第一段可描述作者在第一堂课上发生了什么，描写作者学习绘画的过程。
续写第二段（提示句：当我尴尬得脸发烫时，在我旁边的李华给了我一个温暖的微笑。） 根据第二段首句内容可知，第二段可描述作者的同学李华给了作者怎样的帮助，以及作者和李华的互动。
情感变化 作者：面对陌生环境的紧张和羞怯——遇到困难时的尴尬和焦急——得到帮助后的触动和感激——为收获一个好朋友感到开心
3.提分词句
make it go as I wished, come up, move the brush across the paper, lifelike, with one’s help, make great progress in, Hesitating for a while （现在分词短语作状语）, although it was such an ugly one（although引导的让步状语从句）, A smile did make a difference.（对谓语动词的强调）。
【参考范文】
Then came the first class—Chinese painting.The teacher showed us how to use a brush to paint bamboo on a piece of rice paper.Then all the other students began to paint.But it was quite difficult for me.How could I hold the soft brush and make it go as I wished Hesitating for a while, I tried dipping the brush into the inkstone.When I took it out, drops of black ink fell on the paper.There was no bamboo, but big black dots!
As I burnt with great embarrassment, Li Hua, who was next to me, gave me a warm smile.I smiled back awkwardly.He came up to me and demonstrated how to use the brush.He moved the brush across the paper, and lifelike bamboo appeared! With his help, I finally completed the painting, although it was such an ugly one.After that, we became good friends.He taught me Chinese while I taught him English.We both made great progress in our studies.Yes, my mother was right.A smile did make a difference.
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.significance n.重要性，意义
2.get… involved in 使……参加/加入……