2023届高考英语二轮复习：说明文主旨大意题突破 课件(共15张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2023届高考英语二轮复习：说明文主旨大意题突破 课件(共15张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-21 00:12:44 | ||
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(共15张PPT)
2023届新高考专题复习：
说明文主旨大意题突破
exposition
the questions to do with the main idea
添加标题
Conveniently iterate top-line alignments for wireless metrics.
Activity 1: Picking out the questions to do with main idea
文章标题
文章主旨
段落主旨
添加标题
Conveniently iterate top-line alignments for wireless metrics.
近三年高考真题中主旨题类型与语篇的关系
语篇类型 主旨类型 年份
应用文 考查2次 文章来源 1.2022新高考 2.2021全国甲
说明文 考查9次 段落主旨 1.2022新高考 2.2021新高考 3.2021全国乙 4.2020全国I
文章标题 1.2022全国甲 2.2022全国乙 3.2020全国I
文章主旨 1.2020新高考 2.2020全国II
记叙文 考查5次 文章标题 1.2021新高考 2.2021全国乙 3.2020全国乙
主旨推断 1.2021新高考
文章主旨 1.2022全国甲
书评 考查2次 文章类型 1.2022全国乙
文章目的 1.2020新高考
议论文 考查1次 文章标题 1.2021全国I
添加标题
Conveniently iterate top-line alignments for wireless metrics.
说明对象
研究报告
STUDY
社会现象
新理论
新科技
研究发现
研究过程\方法
数据，subject
结论阐述\专家评议
\成果应用前景
新发现：与之前的纵横对比
主旨大意最佳标题
Activity 2: Recalling the aspects involved in a STUDY
Passage 1 2022全国甲 说明文-科学研究
B
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skillful Shape-Sorters
发现
D. Cockatoos: Skillful Shape-Sorters
研究过程
专家评议
Activity 3: Working out the question and listing the aspects
研究过程
Passage 2 2020全国I 说明文-科学研究
D
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）, it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly（表面上）participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect. However, we’ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I
12. What is the recent study mainly about
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
Activity 4: Working out the question and summarizing the key words
D. Eating behavior
科学研究类文章首段如下的句式是文章主旨的关键词，省略号部分多为文章主旨。
researchers have found that...
according to a study...
A study shows that....
添加标题
Conveniently iterate top-line alignments for wireless metrics.
说明对象
研究报告
社会现象
新理论
新科技
new technology& theory
主旨大意最佳标题
提出新理论、新科技\与之前对比
运行原理
产生原因
用途，优缺点
评议、前景
Activity 5: Recalling the aspects involved in the introduction to new technology & theory
Passage 3 2020课标全国I 说明文-新鲜科技 D
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源)— such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Can we grow more glowing plants B. How do we live with glowing plants
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free
提出新科技\与之前对比
评议前景
用途
Activity 6: Working out the question and listing the aspects
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps
Passage 3 2020课标全国I 说明文-新鲜科技
D
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源)— such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants.
提出新科技\与之前对比
用途
评议前景
引出话题
关于绿色植物益处的早期发现
D. Benefits from green plants
添加标题
Conveniently iterate top-line alignments for wireless metrics.
说明对象
研究报告
社会现象
social phenomenon
新理论
新科技
主旨大意最佳标题
写作目的
提出现象
转折之后有重点
分析原因\现象特点
造成影响\结果
人们看法
预言、警告、措施
Activity 7: Recalling the aspects involved in the introduction to social phenomenon
2021全国乙说明文---社会现象分析 B
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter（29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case ofemergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
11. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A.Their target users . B. Their wide popularity. C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
提出现象
现象特点
分析原因
预言、警告
Activity 8:Working out the question and listing the aspects
B. Their wide popularity
Passage 5 2022全国乙 说明文-新鲜科技 C
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.
B.
C.
D.
提出新科技
与之前对比
用途，优点
Activity 9: Working out the choices by yourselves
Activity 10: Comparing your version with the final version
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
2022全国乙 说明文-新鲜科技
C
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. ......
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. ......
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. ......
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
新科技类文章首段中 sth（某项技术、产品）will be used to do...(功能、效果)多为文章主旨。
Topic
Details
定文首（新闻报道、说明文或议论文）
感谢观看
2023届新高考专题复习：
说明文主旨大意题突破
exposition
the questions to do with the main idea
添加标题
Conveniently iterate top-line alignments for wireless metrics.
Activity 1: Picking out the questions to do with main idea
文章标题
文章主旨
段落主旨
添加标题
Conveniently iterate top-line alignments for wireless metrics.
近三年高考真题中主旨题类型与语篇的关系
语篇类型 主旨类型 年份
应用文 考查2次 文章来源 1.2022新高考 2.2021全国甲
说明文 考查9次 段落主旨 1.2022新高考 2.2021新高考 3.2021全国乙 4.2020全国I
文章标题 1.2022全国甲 2.2022全国乙 3.2020全国I
文章主旨 1.2020新高考 2.2020全国II
记叙文 考查5次 文章标题 1.2021新高考 2.2021全国乙 3.2020全国乙
主旨推断 1.2021新高考
文章主旨 1.2022全国甲
书评 考查2次 文章类型 1.2022全国乙
文章目的 1.2020新高考
议论文 考查1次 文章标题 1.2021全国I
添加标题
Conveniently iterate top-line alignments for wireless metrics.
说明对象
研究报告
STUDY
社会现象
新理论
新科技
研究发现
研究过程\方法
数据，subject
结论阐述\专家评议
\成果应用前景
新发现：与之前的纵横对比
主旨大意最佳标题
Activity 2: Recalling the aspects involved in a STUDY
Passage 1 2022全国甲 说明文-科学研究
B
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skillful Shape-Sorters
发现
D. Cockatoos: Skillful Shape-Sorters
研究过程
专家评议
Activity 3: Working out the question and listing the aspects
研究过程
Passage 2 2020全国I 说明文-科学研究
D
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）, it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly（表面上）participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect. However, we’ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I
12. What is the recent study mainly about
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
Activity 4: Working out the question and summarizing the key words
D. Eating behavior
科学研究类文章首段如下的句式是文章主旨的关键词，省略号部分多为文章主旨。
researchers have found that...
according to a study...
A study shows that....
添加标题
Conveniently iterate top-line alignments for wireless metrics.
说明对象
研究报告
社会现象
新理论
新科技
new technology& theory
主旨大意最佳标题
提出新理论、新科技\与之前对比
运行原理
产生原因
用途，优缺点
评议、前景
Activity 5: Recalling the aspects involved in the introduction to new technology & theory
Passage 3 2020课标全国I 说明文-新鲜科技 D
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源)— such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Can we grow more glowing plants B. How do we live with glowing plants
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free
提出新科技\与之前对比
评议前景
用途
Activity 6: Working out the question and listing the aspects
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps
Passage 3 2020课标全国I 说明文-新鲜科技
D
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源)— such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants.
提出新科技\与之前对比
用途
评议前景
引出话题
关于绿色植物益处的早期发现
D. Benefits from green plants
添加标题
Conveniently iterate top-line alignments for wireless metrics.
说明对象
研究报告
社会现象
social phenomenon
新理论
新科技
主旨大意最佳标题
写作目的
提出现象
转折之后有重点
分析原因\现象特点
造成影响\结果
人们看法
预言、警告、措施
Activity 7: Recalling the aspects involved in the introduction to social phenomenon
2021全国乙说明文---社会现象分析 B
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter（29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case ofemergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
11. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A.Their target users . B. Their wide popularity. C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
提出现象
现象特点
分析原因
预言、警告
Activity 8:Working out the question and listing the aspects
B. Their wide popularity
Passage 5 2022全国乙 说明文-新鲜科技 C
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.
B.
C.
D.
提出新科技
与之前对比
用途，优点
Activity 9: Working out the choices by yourselves
Activity 10: Comparing your version with the final version
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
2022全国乙 说明文-新鲜科技
C
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. ......
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. ......
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. ......
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
新科技类文章首段中 sth（某项技术、产品）will be used to do...(功能、效果)多为文章主旨。
Topic
Details
定文首（新闻报道、说明文或议论文）
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