2023届高考英语二轮复习：主谓一致导学案（无答案）
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| 更新时间 | 2023-05-21 00:13:30 | ||
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主谓一致导学案
1、主谓一致定义
〖观察实践〗
1.Tom’s mother has gone to the United States.
2.The students are preparing the coming examination.
〖归纳总结〗
所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间，即主语的______和______决定着________的单复数形式。
2、主谓一致的三个原则
（一）语法一致原则
就是主语为单数形式, 谓语即用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语也用复数形式。如：
The book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。The books are very interesting. 这些书很有趣。
1. 不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用______，如each, either, one, someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。
注意：none of 和 neither/either of加复数名词做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。
〖即境运用〗
1） Someone_____ asking for you.（be） 有人找你。
2） Nothing _____ found in the room.( be ) 在屋子里什么也没找到。
3） Neither of them __________(know) how to teach English.他们两个全都不知道如何教英语。
Neither of them ________(know) how to teach English.他们两个没有一个知道如何教英语。
4）None of them _____(have)been to the Great Wall.他们中没有一个人去过长城。
None of them _____(have)been to the Great Wall.他们全都没有一个人去过长城
2. 如果句子中插入由“with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, like, without, except, but, including，rather than ”等所连接的短语时，谓语动词谓与前面的名词或代词的数一致。
〖即境运用〗
1) Mr. Li together with his two sons_____(has) gone to the cinema.
2） Two women, as well as Mr. Black, ______（be）at the office now.
3） No one except the two boys ______ (be )late for class yesterday.
4） His classmates, rather than Li Ming, _____ (have)let out the secret.
3. all of; a lot of; lots of; some of; most of; plenty of; the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of等量词加名词作主语时,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。
〖即境运用〗
1）All of my classmates ____(like) music.
2）All of the water ___(be ) gone.
3）About 60 percent of the students in our school ____（be）boys
4. many a, more than one, one and a half+单数名词, 谓语用______。
〖即境运用〗
1）More than one person______(has) known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。
2）Many a worker ______（be） killed in the accident. 在这个事故中死了许多工人。
5. 以 “a number of +复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用______； “the number of +复数名词”意为“……的数目”，作主语时， 谓语动词用_______。
〖即境运用〗
1）A number of new books_____（be）on the desk.
2）The number of students in your class _____（be）50.
6. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
〖即境运用〗
1）Those who______(enjoy) singing may join us.
2）Tom, who ___(be) your friend, should help you.
7. 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
〖即境运用〗
1）Between the two windows ______(hang) two pictures.
2）Between the two rows of trees ______(stand) the teaching building.
8. a large quantity of + 名单 + 谓单
名复 + 谓复/单
large quantities of + 名单/复 + 谓复
〖即境运用〗
1）Large quantities of money ____spent on the bridge.(be)
2）A large quantity of money ____
materials____
9. an amount of + 不可数名词 + 谓单
Amounts of + 不可数名词 + 谓复
〖即境运用〗.
1）A large amount of money _____ spent on books.(be)
2） Large amounts of money _____ spent on books.(be)
（二）意义一致原则
所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。如：
Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。
The police were called in. 警察被召来了。
1. and连接两个名词一起作主语时，谓语动词一般用_______。但是，当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时(其特征是and后的名词前无任何冠词)，谓语动词应用______。
〖即境运用〗
1）He and she _____(be) both students of this school.
2）The singer and dancer____(be) going to give us a performance.
3）The knife and fork ____(be) on the table.
2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用_______。
1）When he is coming ______ (seem) very important.
2）Collecting stamps ____ (be) his hobby. 3.To love her _____(be) not to break her wings.
3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用_______；指全体人员时, 动词则用______。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。
〖即境运用〗
1） My family_______all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。
2）The family _______ rather big, with twelve people in all. 这个家庭很大, 总共有12个人。
4. 由两个部分构成一个整体的物品名词做主语，如shoes, glasses, boots, socks, scissors, compasses, trousers, shorts等, 谓语通常用____,但当被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用______.
〖即境运用〗
1）The shoes _____ (be)worn out. 2）The pair of shoes _____ (be)worn out.
5. 某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用_____。
〖即境运用〗翻译：
1）物理是一门很有趣的学科。______________________________________________
2）数学深受学生们的欢迎。______________________________________________
6. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用______。
〖即境运用〗
1）Thirty dollars ____ too high a price for the book.（be）
2）Another 10 years ______ passed since he left. (have)
3）Fifteen miles _____ like a long walk to me. (seem)
7. every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; no ... and no ... 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。
〖即境运用〗翻译：
1） 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。___________________________________________
2）没有任何声音被听到。________________________________________
8. what, such引导一个句子时，谓语动词常与其后作表语的名词一致。
〖即境运用〗
1）What you said ___ of great importance.(be) 2）Such ____ our plan.(be)
3）What you left ____ only several old books.(be) 4）Such _____ his words.(be)
9. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,表示“.....一类人”,谓语通常用_____;这类词有: ,the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等。
〖即境运用〗翻译：
1）盲人在特殊学校学习。_____________________________________
2）在车祸中受伤的人必须立即被送去医院。_________________________________________
10. means(方法手段)，works(工厂)，sheep, fish, deer，Chinese，Japanese等单复数同形的名词作主语时, 采用意义一致的原则：指一种方法或一家工厂时, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数。如：
〖即境运用〗
1）Every possible means _____(have) been tried to solved the problem.
2）All means _______(have) been tried.
（三）就近一致原则
所谓就近原则，即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
注意：either ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also, whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。
〖即境运用〗
1）Neither you nor I ____ （be）wrong.
2）There _____（be） a cup of tea and some apples on the table.
3）Not only the students but also the teacher ______ (wish) for a holiday.
〖主谓一致巩固练习〗
一、单句填空
1. Either you or the headmaster __ (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
2. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ____________(visit) visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
3. Two fifths of the land in that district ___(be) covered with trees and grass.
4. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _____ (work) in the clothing industry.
5. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______________ (wash) away each year.
6. He is the only one of the students who _________(be) a winner of scholarship for three years.
7. Every possible means _____________(use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
8. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _________________ (not, decide) yet.
9. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _____________(reach) 50 million.
10. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ___________(work) on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
二、写作运用——翻译下列句子。
1.这里三分之一的人口是工人。____________________________________________________
2.又聋有哑很难与人交流。Being deaf and dumb_______________________________________
3.受伤的人都被送进了医院。______________________________________________________
4.到目前为止，这个海里大量的水已经被污染。_______________________________________
5.每一种方法都已经被尝试过了，我们还是救不了他。_________________________________
6.老师和同学们在讨论问题。（with）_______________________________________________
spent on the bridge.(be)
1、主谓一致定义
〖观察实践〗
1.Tom’s mother has gone to the United States.
2.The students are preparing the coming examination.
〖归纳总结〗
所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间，即主语的______和______决定着________的单复数形式。
2、主谓一致的三个原则
（一）语法一致原则
就是主语为单数形式, 谓语即用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语也用复数形式。如：
The book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。The books are very interesting. 这些书很有趣。
1. 不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用______，如each, either, one, someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。
注意：none of 和 neither/either of加复数名词做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。
〖即境运用〗
1） Someone_____ asking for you.（be） 有人找你。
2） Nothing _____ found in the room.( be ) 在屋子里什么也没找到。
3） Neither of them __________(know) how to teach English.他们两个全都不知道如何教英语。
Neither of them ________(know) how to teach English.他们两个没有一个知道如何教英语。
4）None of them _____(have)been to the Great Wall.他们中没有一个人去过长城。
None of them _____(have)been to the Great Wall.他们全都没有一个人去过长城
2. 如果句子中插入由“with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, like, without, except, but, including，rather than ”等所连接的短语时，谓语动词谓与前面的名词或代词的数一致。
〖即境运用〗
1) Mr. Li together with his two sons_____(has) gone to the cinema.
2） Two women, as well as Mr. Black, ______（be）at the office now.
3） No one except the two boys ______ (be )late for class yesterday.
4） His classmates, rather than Li Ming, _____ (have)let out the secret.
3. all of; a lot of; lots of; some of; most of; plenty of; the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of等量词加名词作主语时,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。
〖即境运用〗
1）All of my classmates ____(like) music.
2）All of the water ___(be ) gone.
3）About 60 percent of the students in our school ____（be）boys
4. many a, more than one, one and a half+单数名词, 谓语用______。
〖即境运用〗
1）More than one person______(has) known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。
2）Many a worker ______（be） killed in the accident. 在这个事故中死了许多工人。
5. 以 “a number of +复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用______； “the number of +复数名词”意为“……的数目”，作主语时， 谓语动词用_______。
〖即境运用〗
1）A number of new books_____（be）on the desk.
2）The number of students in your class _____（be）50.
6. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
〖即境运用〗
1）Those who______(enjoy) singing may join us.
2）Tom, who ___(be) your friend, should help you.
7. 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
〖即境运用〗
1）Between the two windows ______(hang) two pictures.
2）Between the two rows of trees ______(stand) the teaching building.
8. a large quantity of + 名单 + 谓单
名复 + 谓复/单
large quantities of + 名单/复 + 谓复
〖即境运用〗
1）Large quantities of money ____spent on the bridge.(be)
2）A large quantity of money ____
materials____
9. an amount of + 不可数名词 + 谓单
Amounts of + 不可数名词 + 谓复
〖即境运用〗.
1）A large amount of money _____ spent on books.(be)
2） Large amounts of money _____ spent on books.(be)
（二）意义一致原则
所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。如：
Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。
The police were called in. 警察被召来了。
1. and连接两个名词一起作主语时，谓语动词一般用_______。但是，当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时(其特征是and后的名词前无任何冠词)，谓语动词应用______。
〖即境运用〗
1）He and she _____(be) both students of this school.
2）The singer and dancer____(be) going to give us a performance.
3）The knife and fork ____(be) on the table.
2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用_______。
1）When he is coming ______ (seem) very important.
2）Collecting stamps ____ (be) his hobby. 3.To love her _____(be) not to break her wings.
3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用_______；指全体人员时, 动词则用______。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。
〖即境运用〗
1） My family_______all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。
2）The family _______ rather big, with twelve people in all. 这个家庭很大, 总共有12个人。
4. 由两个部分构成一个整体的物品名词做主语，如shoes, glasses, boots, socks, scissors, compasses, trousers, shorts等, 谓语通常用____,但当被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用______.
〖即境运用〗
1）The shoes _____ (be)worn out. 2）The pair of shoes _____ (be)worn out.
5. 某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用_____。
〖即境运用〗翻译：
1）物理是一门很有趣的学科。______________________________________________
2）数学深受学生们的欢迎。______________________________________________
6. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用______。
〖即境运用〗
1）Thirty dollars ____ too high a price for the book.（be）
2）Another 10 years ______ passed since he left. (have)
3）Fifteen miles _____ like a long walk to me. (seem)
7. every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; no ... and no ... 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。
〖即境运用〗翻译：
1） 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。___________________________________________
2）没有任何声音被听到。________________________________________
8. what, such引导一个句子时，谓语动词常与其后作表语的名词一致。
〖即境运用〗
1）What you said ___ of great importance.(be) 2）Such ____ our plan.(be)
3）What you left ____ only several old books.(be) 4）Such _____ his words.(be)
9. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,表示“.....一类人”,谓语通常用_____;这类词有: ,the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等。
〖即境运用〗翻译：
1）盲人在特殊学校学习。_____________________________________
2）在车祸中受伤的人必须立即被送去医院。_________________________________________
10. means(方法手段)，works(工厂)，sheep, fish, deer，Chinese，Japanese等单复数同形的名词作主语时, 采用意义一致的原则：指一种方法或一家工厂时, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数。如：
〖即境运用〗
1）Every possible means _____(have) been tried to solved the problem.
2）All means _______(have) been tried.
（三）就近一致原则
所谓就近原则，即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
注意：either ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also, whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。
〖即境运用〗
1）Neither you nor I ____ （be）wrong.
2）There _____（be） a cup of tea and some apples on the table.
3）Not only the students but also the teacher ______ (wish) for a holiday.
〖主谓一致巩固练习〗
一、单句填空
1. Either you or the headmaster __ (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
2. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ____________(visit) visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
3. Two fifths of the land in that district ___(be) covered with trees and grass.
4. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _____ (work) in the clothing industry.
5. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______________ (wash) away each year.
6. He is the only one of the students who _________(be) a winner of scholarship for three years.
7. Every possible means _____________(use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
8. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _________________ (not, decide) yet.
9. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _____________(reach) 50 million.
10. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ___________(work) on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
二、写作运用——翻译下列句子。
1.这里三分之一的人口是工人。____________________________________________________
2.又聋有哑很难与人交流。Being deaf and dumb_______________________________________
3.受伤的人都被送进了医院。______________________________________________________
4.到目前为止，这个海里大量的水已经被污染。_______________________________________
5.每一种方法都已经被尝试过了，我们还是救不了他。_________________________________
6.老师和同学们在讨论问题。（with）_______________________________________________
spent on the bridge.(be)