牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world单元习题课件(共108张PPT)

(共108张PPT)
Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
必修
第三册
Period Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
01
1．The island is deserted, so the chance of their ________ (survive) is slim.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
survival　
句意为：岛上无人居住，所以他们生还的机会渺茫。设空处作介词of的宾语，其前有their修饰，应用名词形式，故填survival。
2．Humans have to make better use of the________ (limit) natural resources.
limited
句意为：人类必须更好地利用有限的自然资源。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰natural resources，limited意为“有限的”。
解析
解析
3．The author’s ________ (intend) is to keep everyone guessing until the bitter end.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：这位作者的意图是把悲惨结局的悬念一直保留到最后。此处应使用名词作主语。
4．I really want to reach an agreement with you today because it is ________ (benefit) to both of us.
句意为：我今天真的很想和你们达成协议，因为这对我们双方都有利。设空处位于系动词后作表语，应用形容词，beneficial意为“有利的”。
intention
beneficial　
解析
解析
5．________ (wise) and courage are what all need to make it through cases of emergency.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
Wisdom
句意为：智慧和勇气是所有人渡过紧急情况所需要的。设空处与courage并列作主语，应用名词形式；此处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Wisdom。
6．Wood is a poor ________ (conduct) of heat and electricity.
conductor
句意为：木头是热和电的不良导体。根据空前的不定冠词a和形容词poor及空后的介词of可知，设空处应用名词形式。结合句意可知，此处意为“(电或热的)导体”，故填conductor。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．Obviously, a good habit can help us to speed ________ to reach our destinations.
句意为：显然，一个好习惯可以帮助我们加快达成目标的速度。speed up为固定搭配，意为“加速”。
up
8．The Earth Day, ________ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aimed at raising public awareness of environmental protection.
marked
句意为：4月22日庆祝的“地球日”是一年一度的活动，旨在提高公众的环境保护意识。分析句子结构可知，本句中已有系动词is，所以设空处应使用非谓语形式；mark与主语The Earth Day 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词marked。
解析
解析
9．With the electricity saving campaign ________ (launch), the majority of people were very concerned about it.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
launched
10．I was the first Western TV reporter ________ (permit) to film a special unit of caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
permitted
句意为：随着节电运动的开展，大多数人对此非常关注。分析句子结构可知，此处为with的复合结构， 该结构为“with＋名词/代词＋宾语补足语”，动词launch和the electricity saving campaign之间为逻辑上的被动关系， 所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
此处作名词reporter的后置定语，设空处与reporter之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此使用permit的过去分词形式permitted。
解析
解析
The chairman demanded the problems ________ ________ in the meeting ________ ________ ________ ________.
1．据说目前正在修建的那所学校是为残疾儿童而建的。(intend)
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
referred to
The school being built at present ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
the disabled children.
is said to be intended for　
2．主席要求对会上提到的问题予以重视。(refer; attention)
be paid　
attention to　
4．延迟兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的。(postpone)
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
It was an unpopular decision ________ ________ ________ the new hospital.
to postpone building
3．只有当你获得了足够的数据，你才能得出合理的结论。(sufficient)
Only when you ________ ________ ________ ________ can you come to a sound conclusion.
have obtained sufficient data
5．这位艺术家反复试验，终于找出了合适的设计。(error)
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
Finally, the artist found out the proper design ________ ________ ________ ________.
through trial and error
体裁：说明文　 题材：人物介绍
Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China 1________ (receive) a Nobel Prize for her discovery of qinghaosu.
In 1969, Tu 2________ (head) a team to find a cure for malaria. After numerous experiments and 3________ (fail), she succeeded in making qinghao extract 4________ could treat malaria in mice in October 1971. However, they still met with many problems. They were not be able to produce enough qinghao extract because research resources and equipment 5________ (be) in short supply.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．to receive　the first person to do sth为固定搭配，意为“第一个做某事的人”。
2．headed　根据前后文可知，此处应使用一般过去时。
答案及解析
3．failures　设空处与experiments并列作After的宾语，它们前面有numerous修饰，此处应使用名词的复数形式。
5．were　根据上下文可知，此处应使用
一般过去时；从句主语是research resources
and equipment，从句的谓语动词应用复数
形式。
4．which/that　分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是qinghao extract，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故使用which或that引导该从句。
And they didn’t have sufficient safety data to start trials on patients. Instead of giving up, they managed to find solutions 6________ the problems. In November 1972, they 7________ (successful) isolated qinghaosu—pure, stronger qinghao extract and now a key part of many malaria medicines. Thanks to the discovery, malaria patients now have had 8________ greatly increased chance of survival.
Over 40 years later, Tu was eventually awarded the Nobel Prize. She encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is likely that 9________ (inspire) by the wisdom of TCM, scientists will discover more medicines which are of great 10________ (beneficial) to global health care.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
8．a　此处表示“生存机会大大增加”，表泛指，应用不定冠词，且greatly的发音以辅音音素开头。
9．inspired　分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语形式，且inspire与scientists之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
10．benefit　“be of ＋ n.”为固定用法，相
当于be加该名词的形容词形式。
7．successfully　此处应用副词修饰动词isolated。
6．to/for　the solution to/for... 是固定用法，意为“……的解决方法”。
答案及解析
体裁：记叙文　 题材：人物故事
[山西大学附中2021高二月考]Brazilian born Lebanese businessman Carlos Ghosn once said, “Any job very well done has been carried out by a person who is fully devoted.” It’s also the motto of Zhong Nanshan, 1________ Chinese respiratory (呼吸的) disease expert.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．a　expert为可数名词，此处表泛指，且Chinese的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位勇敢的战士——钟南山医生。在他的指导下，人们在2003年找到了有效治疗严重急性呼吸道综合征(非典型肺炎)的方法，使得广东省成为中国严重急性呼吸道综合征死亡率最低、治愈率最高的省份。
答案及解析
Zhong learnt it from his father, 2________ was a doctor and devoted his whole life to his medical career. With the aim of “leaving something useful for the world”, Zhong’s father wanted to sum up his decades of clinical (临床的) experience for 3________ (late) generations even while he was 4________ (suffer) from a serious eye disease. 5________ (inspire) by his father, Zhong is also devoted to his career.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2．who　设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为his father，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。
答案及解析
3．later　句意为：本着“为世界留下一些有用的东西”的宗旨，钟南山的父亲即使在自己身患严重眼疾的情况下，想要为后代总结他几十年的临床经验。结合语境可知，此处表示“后代”，短语为later generations。故填later。
4．suffering　在从句中suffer作谓语，结合空前的he was可知，此处为过去进行时，suffer应用现在分词形式。故填suffering。
5．Inspired　分析句子结构可知，inspire在句中应用非谓语形式，与逻辑主语Zhong构成被动关系，此处应用过去分词短语作状语。设空处位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Inspired。
In 2003, SARS, a deadly respiratory disease, 6________ (spread) across China and later that year became a 7________ (globe) epidemic. Fearless of challenging the authorities, Zhong bravely proposed that chlamydia might be one cause of death, but not the only cause of SARS. Under his 8________ (guide), an effective treatment method was discovered. Due 9________ his success, Guangdong Province achieved the lowest death rate and highest recovery rate for SARS in China. During the SARS outbreak, he always stood on the front line in the fight against the deadly disease, even though he knew many doctors and nurses 10________ (die) after becoming infected with it before.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
7．global　此处修饰名词epidemic，作定语，应用形容词global，表示“全球的”。故填global。
8．guidance　under one’s guidance为固定搭配，意为“在某人的指导下”。故填guidance。
6．spread　spread在句中作谓语，结合时间状语In 2003可知，此处表示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填spread。
答案及解析
9．to　句意为：由于他的成功，广东省成为中国严重急性呼吸道综合征死亡率最低、治愈率最高的省份。结合句意可知，此处表示“由于”，短语为due to。故填to。
10．had died　句意为：在严重急性呼吸道综合征爆发期间，尽管他知道之前许多医生和护士都曾因染上这种疾病而殉职，但他始终站在抗击这种致命疾病的第一线。根据语境可知，此处表示动作发生在“知道”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had died。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
体裁：说明文 题材：环境与自然
Engineers have launched a huge garbage collection device to gather plastic materials floating in the Pacific Ocean between California and Hawaii. The plastic makes up what is called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.It is the world’s largest spread of garbage, twice the size of the state of Texas.
The organization The Ocean Cleanup created the collection device. The group’s founder is Boyan Slat, a 27 year old inventor from the Netherlands. When Slat was 16, he went diving in the Mediterranean Sea and saw more plastic bags than fish.Since then, he has made up his mind to clean up the ocean.
He told the Associated Press that researchers with his organization have found plastic from the 1960s and 1970s among the materials in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. It contains an estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic in total.Most of them float on the surface of the water, or are within a few metres under the surface.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
Last Saturday, a ship pulling the pipe shaped floating barrier left San Francisco for the Garbage Patch. The barrier, called the floater, is 600 metres across.Attached to it is a screen (滤网) that hangs three metres down in the water. The screen is designed to collect the plastic as it moves through the water. Sea animals can safely swim under the barrier. The clean up system also comes with lights powered by the sun, cameras, and other special devices. Slat said these enabled the system to report its position at all times.
Shipping containers will hold all the plastic gathered, including bottles and fishing equipment. Slat said the containers are expected to be back on land within a year. Then the plastic will be recycled. And they will also study how the system performs in severe ocean conditions, including huge waves.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．How did Boyan Slat react to that diving in the Mediterranean Sea
A．He showed a great interest in diving.
B．He became worried about his safety.
C．He decided to remove the garbage in the ocean.
D．He became curious about underwater creatures.
2．What has the organization The Ocean Cleanup found about the Great Pacific Garbage Patch
A．Most of its plastic is half a century old.
B．It covers almost the size of the state of Texas.
C．Altogether there are about 1.8 billion pieces of plastic.
D．The majority of its plastic floats on or near the surface.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博扬·斯莱特因为在潜水时发现水中有大量垃圾，所以决定组建团队，清除海洋垃圾。该组织最近发明了一种新的装置，这种装置在清理海洋垃圾方面有显著的效果。
2．D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句
Most of them float on the surface of the water,
or are within a few metres under the surface.可
知，大太平洋垃圾带的大部分垃圾都漂浮在
海洋的表面或水面以下几米深的地方。故选
D项。
1．C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句When Slat was 16, he went diving in the Mediterranean Sea and saw more plastic bags than fish. Since then, he has made up his mind to clean up the ocean.可知，斯莱特在潜水时发现水中的垃圾比鱼都多，所以他下定决心清除海洋中的垃圾。故选 C项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．Why was a screen attached to the floater
A．To power lights in the ship.
B．To protect sea animals near it.
C．To tell the position of the ship.
D．To collect plastic along the way.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Approaches to removing garbage in the ocean.
B．The problem of garbage in the Pacific Ocean.
C．A young man who does well in classifying garbage.
D．A huge device made to clean garbage in the ocean.
3．D　细节理解题。根据第四段第四句The screen is designed to collect the plastic as it moves through the water.可知，该设备在水中移动时，滤网用来收集塑料垃圾。故选D项。
答案及解析
4．D　主旨大意题。综观全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种新型的大型垃圾收集装置在清理海洋垃圾方面的作用和工作原理，故选D项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
体裁：记叙文 题材：科学发现
[河南郑州六县2022高一期末联考]The next time you have cheese, remember the French microbiologist Louis Pasteur who discovered that bad milk and many diseases are caused by bacteria (细菌)．
Louis Pasteur is known as the father of microbiology. In his lifetime, he not only proved that bacteria are the cause of diseases, but also discovered the process of vaccination (疫苗接种), which has saved billions of lives.
When Pasteur worked with chickens that were suffering from cholera during his experiments, he accidentally spread cholera to his chickens. Pasteur’s chickens became mildly sick but did not die. This was strange as every chicken that came near cholera earlier had died. He soon realized that the cholera had become weak. By the time he tried again, the chickens he had cured earlier did not get cholera anymore. He realized that the weakened cholera helped his chickens develop an antibody against it.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
Later, Pasteur went on to try this on cows and dogs. All his research helped him develop different vaccines. We now know that the process of vaccination introduces a weakened kind of bacteria into our body. Our body reacts by creating antibodies to fight the bacteria. Now, when our body comes across the same bacteria which are much stronger, it can fight them off.
Louis Pasteur received numerous awards for the advancement of biology, chemistry, and medicine. He founded the Pasteur Institute to study diseases. It was the first university to teach microbiology and today there are 32 institutes across 29 countries. For every child vaccinated against a deadly disease, we have Louis Pasteur to thank.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．What do we know about Louis Pasteur
A．His discoveries weren’t used at his time.
B．He was a professor at the Pasteur Institute.
C．His discoveries brought many profits and awards to him.
D．He discovered the connection between bacteria and diseases.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了法国微生物学家路易斯·巴斯德不仅发现了很多疾病是由细菌引起的，而且发现了疫苗接种能够提高人们避免感染某些疾病的能力，从而拯救了亿万人生命的故事。
1．D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，路易斯·巴斯德发现变质的牛奶和很多疾病是由细菌引起的。故选D项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
2．What can we learn from Pasteur’s experiments with chickens
A．Cholera was not a deadly disease then.
B．He spread cholera to his chickens on purpose.
C．All chickens suffering from cholera died at last.
D．The weakened cholera couldn’t kill the living chickens.
3．What is the function of the process of vaccination
A．It builds up people’s body.
B．Without it, people will die.
C．It improves people’s ability to avoid diseases.　
D．It can kill all the diseases and make the sick healthy.
2．D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Pasteur’s chickens became mildly sick but did not die. This was strange as every chicken… He realized that the weakened cholera helped his chickens develop an antibody against it. 可知，巴斯德的鸡感染了霍乱却没有死，巴斯德发现它们感染的霍乱已经被削弱了，而削弱的霍乱帮助他的鸡产生了抗体，故可知被削弱的霍乱无法杀死这些活着的鸡。故选D项。
答案及解析
3．C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的Our body reacts by creating antibodies to fight the bacteria. Now, when our body comes across the same bacteria which are much stronger, it can fight them off.可知，疫苗接种通过把弱化了的细菌注射进人体，使人体产
生对抗细菌的抗体，从而增强人们应对感染的
免疫力。因此，疫苗接种的作用是提高人们避
免感染某些疾病的能力。故选C项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
4．What is the purpose of the article
A．To show the discoveries of the vaccination.
B．To call on children to learn from Louis Pasteur.
C．To introduce an important invention in microbiology.
D．To honour Louis Pasteur and his contribution to the world.
4．D　推理判断题。本文讲述了微生物学家路易斯·巴斯德发现了疫苗接种，从而拯救了亿万人生命的故事。由此推知，本文旨在缅怀这位伟大的微生物学家，歌颂他的卓越贡献。故选D项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明
[河南信阳2022高一期中]It’s not easy to classify viruses. They are not dead, because they have genes and evolve. __1__ So viruses have one task: to find a host and use it to reproduce. They reproduce by controlling the host’s cells, eventually causing them to burst and die, which will cause illness. These following facts can help you get rid of them.
__2__ Some viruses can even be spread via people who don’t have symptoms yet. Some super spreaders may infect hundreds of other people without even realizing it. Take preventive action to prevent spreading viruses even when you don’t feel sick.
If you’re very overweight, you need to be extra cautious. Overweight people suffer from the flu virus 42% longer than those who aren’t overweight. Because being overweight is linked to many health problems, it may affect your immune system. __3__ So you have to watch your weight.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
Soap and water really are the best defence. Washing your hands with soap is practically a good way to prevent viruses. __4__ Make sure to wash for a minimum of 20 seconds and dry your hands on a clean towel.
According to a study published in Molecules, green tea may be an immune booster. It may help you fight both cold and flu viruses. Researchers found that drinking green tea regularly could help you recover from a cold quickly. __5__
A．It can also make the virus not work.
B．You can be infected without showing symptoms.
C．Extra weight may make the flu shot less effective too.
D．Viruses can survive for a short time outside the human body.
E．Regular exercise has been shown to improve your immune system.
F．Yet they are also not alive because they can’t survive on their own.
G．That even could make you less likely to get a virus in the first place.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了病毒的传播特性以及预防病毒的一些方法。
1．F　根据上文It’s not easy to classify viruses. They are not dead, because they have genes and evolve.以及下文So viruses have one task: to find a host and use it to reproduce.可知，设空处应承接上文，继续说明病毒的特性，故F项“然而，它们也不是活着的，因为它们不能独立生存”符合语境，故选F项。
2．B　根据下文Some viruses can even be spread via people who don’t have symptoms yet. Some super spreaders may infect hundreds of other people without even realizing it.可知，本段介绍了病毒的传播问题，故B项“你可能被感染而不表现出症状”符合语境，B项中的without showing symptoms与文中don’t have symptoms照应，故选B项。
3．C　本段主要介绍超重与感染病毒的关系，C项中的Extra weight对应上文中的overweight。故C项“超重也可能使流感疫苗的效果降低”符合语境，故选C项。
4．A　根据上文Soap and water really are the best defence. Washing your hands with soap is practically a good way to prevent viruses.可知，上文提到用肥皂洗手来预防病毒，设空处应承接上文，继续说明用肥皂洗手的作用，故A项“它还可以使病毒失去活性”符合语境，故选A项。
5．G　根据上文… green tea may be an immune booster. It may help you fight both cold and flu viruses…
drinking green tea regularly could help you recover from a cold quickly.可知，经常喝绿茶可以帮助你迅速从
感冒中恢复，设空处为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明绿茶的作用，故G项“那甚至可以让你从一开始
就不太可能感染病毒”符合语境，故选G项。
答案及解析
Period Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
02
1．The buildings have been designed to blend in with their ___________ (surround).
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
surroundings　
句意为：这些建筑物设计巧妙，与周围环境浑然一体。表示“环境；周围的事物”时应使用名词surroundings，且其为复数形式。
2．He remained the most popular _____________ (politic) in Arkansas.
politician　
句意为：他仍是阿肯色州最受喜爱的政治家。此处前有形容词popular修饰且指He，应使用名词politician。
解析
解析
3．The splendid ancient buildings showcase the great __________ (intelligent) of the labouring people.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：宏伟的古代建筑体现了劳动人民的伟大智慧。根据设空前的定冠词the和设空后的介词of可知，设空处应用名词形式，作showcase的宾语。故填intelligence。
4．She discovered the problem ________ accident during a visit to a nearby school.
句意为：她在去附近一所学校参观时偶然发现了这个问题。by accident为固定短语，意为“偶然，意外地”。
intelligence
　by
解析
解析
5．I don’t know the reason why they are in favour ________ keeping animals in the zoo.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
of
句意为：我不知道他们支持把动物养在动物园里的原因。in favour of为固定搭配，意为“支持”。故填of。
6．The police chief stood trial in New York on Tuesday, charged ________ abuse of power.
with
句意为：警察局长周二在纽约受审，被指控滥用职权。be charged with… 意为“被指控……”。故填with。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．The sports meeting ________ (hold) last week is of great importance.
句意为：上周举行的运动会非常重要。设空处应用非谓语形式，作后置定语，修饰The sports meeting，表示被动和完成，故填held。
held
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
非谓语动词作定语的区别
不定式作定语，必须后置，表示将要发生的动作；分词作定语，若是单个的分词，通常置于被修饰词前，若是分词短语作定语，则要置于被修饰词后，其功能相当于定语从句；现在分词作定语表示主动关系，且表示动作正在进行；过去分词作定语表示被动关系，且表示动作已完成。如：
The meeting to be held tomorrow is quite important. 明天要召开的会议相当重要。
The meeting being held now is quite important. 现在正在召开的会议相当重要。
The meeting held yesterday is quite important. 昨天召开的会议相当重要。
知识拓展
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
8．Jack explained again and again but couldn’t make himself __________ (understand)．
understood
句意为：杰克一遍又一遍地解释，却无法使别人理解自己。设空处应用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，himself和动词understand 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。故填understood。
解析
9．________ (locate) in the central district, the hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
Located
10．The number of foreigners learning Chinese has been growing in recent years, ________ (indicate) that China has a greater effect on the world.
indicating
句意为：这家酒店位于市中心，它以最低的价格提供最好的服务。be located in意为“坐落于”，此处为过去分词短语作状语。故填Located。
句意为：近年来，学习汉语的外国人的数量一直在增加，这表明中国对世界有更大的影响。此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词短语作状语。故填indicating。
解析
解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。疫苗在抵御一些致命感染和减弱感染方面有着举足轻重的作用。部分人对接种疫苗带有偏见，消除对疫苗的怀疑最重要的方法之一是让真正受过良好训练的医疗工作者能够根据科学事实推荐疫苗接种。
体裁：说明文 题材：医疗服务
There is strong evidence 1________ vaccination (接种疫苗) is the best defence against deadly and weakening infections, such as measles.
Vaccines protect billions of people around the world. They have completely got rid of one disease—smallpox—and are bringing the world close to 2________ (remove) others, such as polio.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．that　句意为：有强有力的证据表明，接种疫苗是抵御致命感染和减弱感染(如麻疹)的最佳方法。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导同位语从句，对evidence进行解释说明，从句不缺成分，且语义完整，应用that引导该从句。故填that。
答案及解析
2．removing　设空处前面的to为介词，所以设空处作宾语，应用动名词形式。故填removing。
But some other diseases, such as measles, are making a resurgence (复苏) and experts say people’s avoiding vaccines, fuelled by fear and misinformation, 3________ (be) one of the main causes. Vaccine hesitancy (犹豫), or mistrust of vaccines, has the potential, at least, in some ways, 4________ (block) the very real progress the world 5________ (make) in controlling vaccine preventable diseases in recent years. What makes people sceptical There are likely to be many factors 6________ (involve)．
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
4．to block　句意为：对(接种)疫苗的犹豫不决，或对疫苗的不信任，至少在某种程度上可能阻碍世界近几年来在控制疫苗可预防疾病方面取得的真正进展。修饰the potential应用不定式作后置定语。故填to block。
5．has made　the world ________ in controlling vaccine preventable diseases in recent years是省略关系词的定语从句，设空处作从句的谓语，根据句中的in recent years可知，时态应用现在完成时。从句主语the world为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填has made。
答案及解析
6．involved　句意为：这可能涉及许多因素。分
析句子结构可知，设空处作定语修饰factors，且factors与involve之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，应
用过去分词。故填involved。
3．is　分析句子结构可知，say后为宾语从句，从句主语为动名词复合结构people’s avoiding vaccines，为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式；根据上文的are making和say可知，应用一般现在时。故填is。
Some of them may be complacent (自鸣得意的) 7________ a disease has become less common, then the need to get immunized (使免疫) may feel less pressing when weighing the benefits 8________ any possible risk. Besides, the Internet means beliefs and concerns about vaccines can be shared in an instant, and spreading information that experts say isn’t 9________ (necessary) based on fact.
One of the most important ways to remove doubt about vaccines is to have health care workers really well trained and able to recommend vaccinations based on 10________ (science) truth.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
10．scientific　设空处修饰truth，应用形容词作定语，science对应的形容词为scientific (科学的)。故填scientific。
8．against　句意见上一题解析。weigh A against B为固定用法，意为“在A和B之间作权衡”。故填against。
答案及解析
9．necessarily　设空处修饰谓语isn‘t based on，应用副词作状语。故填necessarily。
7．if/when　句意为：如果一种疾病变得不那么常见/当一种疾病变得不那么常见时，一些人可能会自鸣得意，那么在权衡好处和任何可能的风险时，接种疫苗的必要性可能就不那么迫切了。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导状语从句，空后内容为空前内容的一种条件，应用if引导该从句；此处也可理解为时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。故填if或when。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
体裁：记叙文 题材：人物故事
[广东东莞一中2021高一期中]It was about five in the morning in Ontario, Canada, when Donna Strickland’s phone rang. The Nobel Committee was on the line in Stockholm, calling to tell her she had won the prize in physics.
“I wondered if it was a joke,” Strickland said in an interview with a Nobel official after the call. She had been asleep when the call arrived. “Something was wrong because it came so early in the morning. But then I knew it was the right day, and it would have been a cruel joke.”
Strickland, an associate professor at the University of Waterloo, shares the honour with two other scientists for their work in the 1980s in transforming lasers (激光) into tiny tools that today have countless applications. The prize money ?$1.4 million will be shared among the three. Half the prize went to Strickland and her cooperator Gérard Mourou, a professor at the cole Polytechnique in France. The other half was awarded to Arthur Ashkin, a retired physicist who worked at the famous Bell Laboratories in the United States.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
Strickland’s win is historic in more than one way. It’s been over 55 years since a woman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1903, Marie Curie became the first ever woman to win a Noble Prize in Physics. For the next 60 years, no women physicists were awarded. Maria Goeppert Mayer became the second woman physicist to win the Noble Prize in Physics in 1963.
Strickland herself was surprised to learn she was the third woman to receive the honour in physics. “Is that all, really I thought there might have been more,” she said at a press conference on Tuesday. “We need to celebrate women physicists because we’re out there. Hopefully, in time, it will start to move forward at a faster rate.”
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．What was Strickland’s first reaction after she received the call
A．She was too excited to say a word.
B．She was doubtful about it.
C．She was annoyed at being waken up.
D．She felt all efforts paid off.
2．How much was Strickland rewarded for winning the Noble Prize
A．About $700,000.
B．About $2.8 million.
C．About $350,000.
D．About $1.4 million.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了历史上第三位女性诺贝尔物理学奖获得者唐娜·斯特里克兰的获奖经历。
1．B　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“I wondered if it was a joke，” Strickland said in an interview with a Nobel official after the call.可知，斯特里克兰接到电话后的第一反应是表示怀疑。故选B项。
2．C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的The prize money $1.4 million will be shared among the three. Half the prize went to Strickland and her… The other half was awarded to Arthur Ashkin, a retired physicist… in the United States.可知，斯特里克兰得到的奖金大约为350,000美元。故选C项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Strickland’s achievements in physics.
B．The history of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
C．Strickland’s struggle to win the Nobel Prize.
D．Three women winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics in history.
3．D　主旨大意题。第四段提到斯特里克兰获奖具有历史意义；玛丽·居里成为第一位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性；在接下来的60年里，没有女性物理学家获奖；玛丽亚·格佩特·梅耶是1963年获得诺贝尔物理学奖的第二位女性物理学家。由此可知，第四段介绍了历史上获得了诺贝尔物理学奖的三位女性。故选D项。
答案及解析
体裁：说明文 题材：科普知识
Researchers have found that short and intense stair climbing, which can be done almost anywhere, has great benefits for fitness.
The findings make the two most common excuses of couch potatoes untrue: no time and no access to the gym. “Stair climbing is a form of exercise anyone can do in their own homes, after work or during the lunch hour,” says Martin, a lead author of the study. “This research takes interval (间歇) training out of the lab and makes it possible for everyone.”
Early studies have shown the benefits of stair climbing over continuous periods of time—up to 70 minutes a week—but researchers wanted to determine if interval training, which includes short and intense exercise separated by short periods of recovery, was a good way to improve heart fitness.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
Researchers recruited 31 women and tested the effect of two different experiments, each of which required a 10 minute exercise period, including warm up, cool down and recovery periods. The exercise periods were done three times a week over the course of six weeks.
The first experiment included three 20 second periods of continuous climbing in an “all out” manner. The participants were then compared to those who went through the same experiment using an exercise bike which has already been shown to improve fitness.
For the second experiment, some women climbed up and down one flight of stairs for periods of 60 seconds, an experiment which could be easily done at home.
Both experiments, each including a total time of 30 minutes a week, increased heart fitness, an important healthy marker that is connected with long life.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．What does Martin say about stair climbing
A．It saves lots of time.
B．It is convenient to do.
C．It requires special training.
D．It is better than going to the gym.
2．Why did researchers do the two experiments
A．To test the results of early studies.
B．To encourage people to climb stairs.
C．To prove the benefits of continuous stair climbing.
D．To find out interval training’s effect on heart fitness.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的科学研究，研究表明短暂而剧烈的爬楼梯运动对健康有很大的好处。
1．B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “Stair climbing is a form of exercise anyone can do in their own homes, after work or during the lunch hour,” says Martin可知，马丁说这项运动不需要特定的时间和地点，所以很方便进行。故选B项。
2．D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的but researchers wanted to determine if interval training... was a good way to improve heart fitness可知，研究人员想要确定间歇训练是否是改善心脏健康的好方法。故选D项。
答案及解析
3．What can we learn from the two experiments
A．The first one was better for fitness.
B．The second one required less total time.
C．Both of them were good for heart health.
D．People in the second one turned out healthier.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．How Stair Climbing Benefits People
B．Why Stair Climbing Is the Best Exercise
C．Stair Climbing—A Good Way to Increase Fitness
D．Simple Stair Climbing Exercise You Can Do at Home
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Both experiments, each including a total time of 30 minutes a week, increased heart fitness可知，这两种健身方法都有益于心脏健康。故选C项。
4．C　主旨大意题。文章第一段明确表明，爬楼梯对健康有好处，下文用实验对此进行了证明。由此可见，“爬楼梯——加强健康的好方法”适合做本文标题。故选C项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
Early studies have shown the benefits of stair climbing over continuous periods of time—up to 70 minutes a week—but researchers wanted to determine if interval training, which includes short and intense exercise separated by short periods of recovery, was a good way to improve heart fitness.
句式分析：本句为复合句；主干为Early studies have shown the benefits of stair climbing but researchers wanted to determine；determine后为if引导的宾语从句，其中包含了一个which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰interval training。
句意：早期的研究已经表明每周多达70分钟连续爬楼梯的好处，但是研究人员想确定间歇训练(包括含有短暂休息期的短时间的高强度运动)是否是改善心脏健康的好方法。
长难句分析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
体裁：记叙文 题材：人物故事
[山东济南2022高一期末]Subodh Kumar Singh is not an ordinary man. In fact, Singh is unusually good. This plastic surgeon (整形外科医生) in Uttar Pradesh, India has __1__ 37,000 life changing cleft (唇腭裂) operations free of charge. His efforts __2__ impact more than one family and the life of an individual.
Singh had a difficult __3__. His father died when he was only 13—the youngest of four children—forcing his brothers to leave school to __4__ the family. His brothers insisted that he __5__ his studies and realize his dream to become a doctor. Now he uses his __6__ to help children who are born with cleft lips to live a __7__ life and to smile.
1．A．explained B．ended
C．performed D．admired
2．A．naturally B．immediately
C．regularly D．positively
3．A．decision B．childhood
C．question D．case
4．A．support B．start
C．miss D．refresh
5．A．quit B．expand
C．improve D．complete
6．A．tasks B．dreams
C．debts D．skills
7．A．average B．hard
C．normal D．rich
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
Babies born with cleft lips can have difficulty __8__ and speaking. These babies cannot have milk as required. Many babies die due to that. The children find it difficult to use the tongue to __9__, causing speech problems. Therefore, they frequently __10__ due to being bullied (欺凌) or falling behind classmates. Their mothers also face social __11__ because their children were born with clefts.
8．A．breathing B．walking
C．eating D．playing
9．A．speak B．stress
C．sing D．lick
10．A．kick off B．drop out
C．bring in D．get up
11．A．background B．pressure
C．demand D．custom
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
Singh and his team have __12__ the lives of countless children and families. His work has been __13__ around the globe. But Singh has remained modest. He said, “I feel __14__ to have the power to transform the lives of many. Nothing gives me more joy than to see the __15__ on the kids’ faces.”
12．A．changed B．ruined
C．claimed D．treated
13．A．advertised B．copied
C．recognized D．attempted
14．A．free B．comfortable
C．independent D．proud
15．A．smiles B．looks
C．sadness D．fear
【语篇导读】】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了整形外科医生辛格免费为患有唇腭裂的孩子做手术，帮助他们过上正常生活的故事。
1．C　根据上文plastic surgeon可知，辛格是一位整形外科医生，需要为病人做手术。perform operations意为“做手术”，为固定搭配。故选C项。
2．D　根据上文This plastic surgeon in Uttar Pradesh, India has ________ 37，000 life changing cleft operations free of charge.可知，辛格免费做了37,000次改变患者生活的唇腭裂手术。结合常识可知，通过这种努力，他对唇腭裂患者的家庭和个人生活产生了积极影响。故选D项。
3．B　根据下文His father died when he was only 13—the youngest of four children—forcing his brothers to leave school to ________ the family.可知，他的父亲去世时，他只有13岁，这迫使他的哥哥们辍学养家。由此可知，辛格有一个艰难的童年。故选B项。
4．A　根据上文His father died when he was only 13—the youngest of four children可知，他的父亲去世时，他只有13岁，又是四个孩子中最小的一个。由此可知，他的哥哥们不得不辍学养家。故选A项。
5．D　根据下文realize his dream to become a doctor可知，他的哥哥们希望他能实现当医生的梦想。由
此可知，他们坚持要他完成学业，以实现梦想。故选D项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
6．D　根据上文This plastic surgeon in Uttar Pradesh, India has ________ 37,000 life changing cleft operations free of charge.可知，辛格免费为天生患有唇腭裂的孩子做手术。由此可知，他是用自己(学到)的技能帮助那些孩子。故选D项。
7．C　根据上文children who are born with cleft lips可知，辛格帮助天生患有唇腭裂的孩子，他利用自己的技能帮助他们治好疾病，过上正常的生活。故选C项。
8．C　根据下文These babies cannot have milk as required.可知，患有唇腭裂的婴儿无法正常吃奶。由此可知，他们在进食方面有困难。故选C项。
9．A　根据下文causing speech problems可知，患有唇腭裂的孩子很难用舌头说话，所以才会导致语言问题。故选A项。
10．B　根据下文due to being bullied or falling behind classmates可知，患有唇腭裂的孩子因为受到欺凌或成绩落后于其他同学而退学。kick off意为“(足球比赛)开球”；drop out意为“退学”。故选B项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
11．B　根据下文because their children were born with clefts可知，因为孩子天生就患有唇腭裂，所以母亲也会遭受社会舆论的压力。故选B项。
12．A　根据上文Now he uses his ________ to help children who are born with cleft lips to live a ________ life and to smile.可知，辛格利用自己的技能帮助天生患有唇腭裂的孩子过上正常的生活。由此可知，他和他的团队改变了无数儿童和家庭的生活。故选A项。
13．C　根据上文Now he uses his ________ to help children who are born with cleft lips to live a ________ life and to smile.可知，辛格利用自己的技能帮助天生患有唇腭裂的孩子过上正常的生活。由此可推知，他所做的工作应该是获得了全世界的认可。故选C项。
14．D　根据下文Nothing gives me more joy than to see the ________ on the kids’ faces.可知，他为自己有能力改变许多人的生活感到自豪。故选D项。
15．A　根据上文Now he uses his ________ to help children who are born with cleft lips to live a ________
life and to smile.中的smile可知，他致力于帮助天生患有唇腭裂的孩子过上正常的生活并微笑。由此可
知，没有什么比看到孩子们脸上的笑容更让他感到高兴的了。故选A项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
Period Ⅲ Extended reading & Project
03
1．The department refused to take _____________ (responsible) for what had occurred.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
responsibility　
句意为：该部门拒绝对已发生的事情承担责任。take responsibility for sth意为“承担某事的责任”，为固定搭配。故填responsibility。
2．He took a very ________ (science) approach to management.
句意为：他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。此处应用形容词来修饰名词approach。
解析
解析
scientific
3．After their ________ (marry) broke up, the man was depressed and took up drinking.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：婚姻破裂后，这个男人情绪低落，开始酗酒。根据空前的After和形容词性物主代词their可知，设空处应填名词。故填marriage。
4．South Africa has submitted an _________ (apply) to host the World Cup.
句意为：南非已经提交了举办世界杯的申请。由空前的an可知，此处应使用名词形式作宾语。
marriage
application　
解析
解析
5．They fought a long battle against prejudice and ________ (ignorant)．
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
ignorance　
句意为：他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。句中and表示并列，连接的是名词prejudice和设空处，故此处应用名词形式ignorance。
6．Children are allowed much more ________ (free) these days.
freedom　
句意为：现在，孩子们被给予了更多的自由。allow是双宾动词，用法为allow sb sth，故此处应使用名词形式freedom。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．The young man________ (involve) in studying paid no attention to the outside world.
句意为：那个专心学习的年轻人没有注意外面的世界。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，involve在句中应用非谓语形式，且与逻辑主语The young man构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填involved。
involved
8．________ (absorb) in doing his experiment, he forgot to pick up his wife from the station.
Absorbed
句意为：由于专注于做实验，他忘了去车站接他的妻子。固定短语be absorbed in意为“专注于”。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词形式，absorb在此处强调主语的状态，故用过去分词形式作原因状语。
解析
解析
9．Before moving into the new house, my father had the house __________ (redecorate).
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
redecorated　
10．We are assigned the task of writing a paper on how we plan to apply what we learn in class ________ our future professions and, eventually, to our lives.
to　
句意为：在搬进新房之前，我父亲把房子重新装修了。have sth done意为“让某物被……”，此处表示“把房子重新装修”。故填redecorated。
句意为：我们被布置了一项任务：写一篇文章来说明我们计划如何将课堂上学到的知识应用到我们未来的职业中，并最终应用到我们的生活中。apply… to… 是固定搭配，意为“将……应用到……”。故填to。
解析
解析
I thought I could rely on him, but he ________ ________ ________.
1．据报道，由于缺乏令人信服的证据，那名嫌疑人已被宣布无罪。(declare)
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
2．我原以为能信赖他，可他却让我大失所望。(down)
The suspect ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ innocent for lack of convincing evidence.
let me down　
is reported to have been declared　
3．当你遇到困难时，不要想当然地认为别人会帮助你。(grant)
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
Don’t ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ others will help you when you are in trouble.
take it for granted that　
4．换句话说，经济增长还不足以让所有企业都受益。(put)
________ ________ ________, economic growth just won’t be strong enough to lift all corporate boats.
Put another way　
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
5．这个小镇被青山环绕，是人们渴望去度假的好地方。(分词短语作状语)
_________ _________ _________ _________， this small town is a good place where people desire to take a vacation.
Surrounded by green hills
/mountains　
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
体裁：说明文 题材：科学技术
[河南商丘一高2022高一开学考]Metin Sitti at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, and his colleagues have developed tiny robots called “microrollers” that can carry cancer drugs and selectively target human breast cancer cells. The team drew inspiration for the design of the robots from white blood cells in the human body, which can move along the walls of blood vessels (血管) against the direction of blood flow.
The microrollers are round and made from glass microparticles. One half of the robot was coated with a thin magnetic nanofilm (磁性纳米膜) made from nickel and gold. The other half was coated with the cancer drug doxorubicin (阿霉素) as well as molecules that recognize cancer cells.
The team tested the robots using mouse blood and artificial channels lined with human endothelial cells (内皮细胞)—the kind of cells that line the inner walls of our blood vessels. The robots were exposed to a mixture of cancerous and healthy tissue. The microrollers selectively attached to the cancer cells and were activated to release the doxorubicin by using UV light.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
By applying magnetic fields, the team was able to control the movement of the microrollers, both with and against the flow of blood. The microrollers can reach a speed of up to 600 micrometres per second. “If you come to a spot where you need to take the right path and if you miss it, then you could go back and go to the right one,” says Sitti.
In future, the researchers want to use other methods to start the drug release, such as heat or near infrared light. They also plan to try making microrollers out of materials that would break down in the body over a few weeks or months.
The team hopes to test the microrollers on animals soon. “The microrollers need to carry enough cancer drugs, which is why we need to have them in large numbers,” says Sitti. “But since we can locally take drugs to the right target, we don’t need huge dosages (剂量).”
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
1．What can the microrollers be used for
A．Repairing blood cells.
B．Delivering drugs.
C．Improving blood flow.
D．Performing operations.
2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the microrollers
A．Their shape.
B．Their advantage.
C．Their design.
D．Their application.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国开发的微型机器人——“microrollers”。它们能够运送抗癌药物，并能选择性地瞄准人类的乳腺癌细胞。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Metin Sitti at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, and his colleagues have developed tiny robots called “microrollers” that can carry cancer drugs and selectively target human breast cancer cells.可知，这种微型机器人可以运送抗癌药物，并能选择性地瞄准人类的乳腺癌细胞。故选B项。
2．C　主旨大意题。第二段提到这种微型机器人是圆形的，由玻璃微粒制成。机器人的表面一半覆盖着一层由镍和金制成的磁性纳米薄膜，另一半涂有抗癌
药物阿霉素以及识别癌细胞的分子，所以第二
段主要介绍了这种微型机器人的形状、构成材
料等，即微型机器人“microrollers”的设计。
故选C项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
3．What can we learn about the robots from Paragraph 4
A．Their direction can be adjusted.
B．They might miss the target cells.
C．They might get stuck in the blood.
D．Their speed can change automatically.
4．What will the scientists probably do next
A．Put the microrollers to clinical use.
B．Sell the microrollers in large quantities.
C．Tear the microrollers down in the body.
D．Experiment with the microrollers further.
3．A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的By applying magnetic fields, the team was able to control the movement of the microrollers, both with and against the flow of blood.可知，通过应用磁场，研究小组能够控制这种微型机器人的运动，无论是顺着血液流动的方向还是逆着血液流动的方向。由此可知，这种微型机器人的运动方向是可以调整的。故选A项。
4．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The team hopes to test the microrollers on animals soon. “The microrollers need to carry enough cancer drugs, which is why we need to have them in large numbers,” says Sitti.可推知，科学家接下来可
能要对这种微型机器人进行进一步的实验。
故选D项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历
I remember doing the household chores to help my mother when I was nine. I hated changing the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器) bag and picking up things the machine did not suck up. Twenty years later, in 1978, with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless one.
Easier said than done, of course. I didn’t realize that I would spend the next five years perfecting my design, a process that resulted in 5,127 different prototypes (样机). By the time I made my 15th prototype, my third child was born. By 2,627, my wife and I were really counting our pennies. By 3,727, my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash, and we were getting further and further into debt. These were tough times, but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
In the early 1980s, I started trying to get licencing agreements for my technology. The reality was very different, however. The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters (过滤器). No one would licence my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for business. But soon after, the companies that I had talked with started making machines like mine. I had to fight legal battles on both sides of the Atlantic to protect the patents on my vacuum cleaner.
I was still in financial difficulties until 1993, when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million. Then my machine was able to go into production. Within two years, the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a bestseller in Britain.
Today, I still embrace the risk and the potential for failure as part of the process. Nothing beats the excitement of invention.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．What drove the author to make a bagless vacuum cleaner
A．His willingness to help his mother.
B．His curiosity about machines.
C．His trouble in doing family chores.
D．His discontent with existing cleaners.
2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The help from the author’s wife.
B．The financial problems of the family.
C．The tough process of the new invention.
D．The procedure for making a bagless cleaner.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者历时多年，在债务缠身的情况下依旧坚持发明无袋吸尘器，最终取得成功的故事。
1．D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked, I decided to make a bagless one可知，作者讨厌真空吸尘器运转的方式，即他对现有的吸尘器不满意。
2．C　主旨大意题。文章第二段主要讲述了作者在发明无袋吸尘器的过程中遭遇的困难，包括经济困难、设计失败等，即该段介绍了新发明的艰难进程。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．Why did the companies refuse to licence the author’s technology
A．They thought they might suffer loss.
B．They considered it not good enough.
C．They faced legal problems themselves.
D．They had begun making such machines.
4．What lesson may we learn from the author’s experience
A．Think twice before acting.
B．Failure is the mother of success.
C．Actions speak louder than words.
D．A good beginning makes a good ending.
3．A　细节理解题。由第三段中的No one would licence my idea, not because it was a bad one, but because it was bad for business.可知，这些公司认为他们可能会遭受损失。
答案及解析
4．B　推理判断题。作者在生活困难的情况下，经历了无数次的失败，最终取得了成功，因此我们可以从中得出“失败是成功之母”这一道理。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
体裁：说明文 题材：科普知识
Role models are important for inspiring scientists, but new research suggests that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
In a series of studies, researchers found that young people were more motivated by scientists whose success was connected with efforts than those whose success was because of natural intelligence, even if that scientist was Albert Einstein.
Danfei Hu, a doctoral student at Pennsylvania State University, and Janet N. Ann, an assistant professor of psychology at William Paterson University, said the findings—recently published in Basic and Applied Social Psychology—will help deal with the certain secret about what it takes to succeed in science.
According to the researchers, there is concern in the science community with the number of students who run after careers in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate from college. To
help solve the problem, Hu and Ann wanted to research role models, who give the students specific goals,
behaviour or strategies they can follow.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
The researchers performed studies with 176 and 162 participants in each study respectively. In the first study, all participants read the same story about common struggles a scientist met in his science career. However, half were told the story was about Einstein, while half were told it was about Thomas Edison. Although the stories are the same, participants were more likely to believe natural brilliance was the reason for Einstein’s success. In addition, the participants who believed the story was about Edison were more motivated to complete a series of maths problems.
“This proved that people generally seem to view Einstein as a genius, with his success commonly linked to extraordinary talent,” Hu said. “Edison, on the other hand, is known for failing more than 1,000 times when trying to create the light bulb, and his success is linked to his efforts.” Hu added, “Knowing that something great can be achieved through hard work and efforts, more students will step into the science career confidently.”
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．What kind of scientist is more encouraging
A．Those who are famous around the world.
B．Those who are famous for their hard work.
C．Those who are viewed as naturally brilliant.
D．Those who are viewed as great inventors.
2．What is the concern in the science community
A．Fewer students will work on science.
B．The students will drop out of school soon.
C．There are fewer role models for students to follow.
D．Some scientists cannot give students specific goals.
【语篇导读】】本文是一篇说明文，阐述了依靠勤奋和努力而成功的科学家比天生才华横溢的科学家更能鼓舞人心。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的but new research suggests that scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant可知，那些以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家比那些天生才华横溢的科学家更能激励人心。故选B项。
2．A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的there is concern in the science community with the number of students who run after careers in science during school only to drop out of those career paths once they graduate from college可知，很多在校期间追求科学事业的学生在大学毕业
后就放弃了从事与科学相关的事业，也就是说
从事科学事业的学生会更少，而这正是科学界
所担忧的事情。故选A项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．Why were some participants motivated to complete a series of maths problems
A．They knew the problems were given by Edison.
B．They believed they were as intelligent as Einstein.
C．They believed they could solve the problems by working hard.
D．They knew they were to work together with Einstein and Edison.
3．C　推理判断题。根据第五段中的关键句In addition, the participants who believed the story was about Edison were more motivated to complete a series of maths problems.可知，参与者完成一系列的数学题是受到爱迪生的故事的鼓舞；再根据最后一段中的关键句“Edison, on the other hand, is known for failing more than 1,000 times when trying to create the light bulb, and his success is linked to his efforts.”可知，爱迪生在尝试发明灯泡时失败了1,000多次，他的成功与他的努力有关。综合上述内容可以得知，这些受到爱迪生故事鼓舞的参与者们相信通过努力和勤奋可以解决问题，所以他们才有动力去完成一系列数学题。故选C项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Einstein’s Success Story
B．Edison’s Achievements Are Greater
C．How to Be a Great Scientist
D．Einstein Is Less Encouraging Than Edison
4．D　主旨大意题。第一段中的scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant点明了本文主旨，再结合文章内容可知，本文主要阐述的是那些以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家比那些天生才华横溢的科学家更能激励人心。D项“Einstein Is Less Encouraging Than Edison”中的Einstein代指天生才华横溢的科学家，Edison代指以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家，即“天生才华横溢的科学家不如以勤奋努力而闻名的科学家鼓舞人心”，故D项最能概括文章主旨。故选D项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
主旨大意题的解题方法
浏览全文，抓住关键信息，把握主旨。例如本篇文章中的第4小题，第一段中的scientists who are known for their hard work are more encouraging than scientists who are viewed as naturally brilliant就是关键信息，点明了文章的主旨。再结合选项可知，D项以代指的手法体现了本文的主旨，故D项最适合作为本文的标题。
方法总结
体裁：记叙文 题材：人物故事
　It was 1:30 at night in an Alaskan village. Ida Nelson was staying in bed with her sister when she heard the sound of a small airplane __1__ the nearby airport. Nelson and her sister jumped to their feet, ran to the window, and__2__ the problem: The airport’s runway lights were out.
Nelson __3__ some clothes, jumped into her ATV, and never __4__ to speed it to the airport, where she found a local pilot __5__ to turn on the lights, but in vain. Meanwhile she learnt of the plane’s __6__ from the pilot: It was a medevac (救伤直升机) there to __7__ a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital, 280 miles away in Anchorage.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
1．A．reaching B．circling
C．guarding D．passing
2．A．displayed B．detected
C．obtained D．analysed
3．A．pulled on B．tried on
C．tidied up D．washed up
4．A．refused B．ceased
C．hesitated D．preferred
5．A．waiting B．forgetting
C．regretting D．trying
6．A．danger B．mission
C．height D．staff
7．A．transport B．signal
C．attract D．invite
Nelson had a good __8__. Driving her ATV to the end of the runway, she shone her headlights on the runway for the plane to __9__. A great idea, but it wasn’t enough. More light was needed, so a __10__ neighbour called nearly every home in the village—32 of them.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
8．A．team B．duty
C．intention D．job
9．A．return B．warn
C．follow D．leave
10．A．careful B．helpful
C．grateful D．peaceful
Within 20 minutes, 20 vehicles __11__ one side of the runway. The medevac, guided by the headlights landed __12__. The young patient was loaded onto the aircraft, and the plane __13__ took off again. Her illness was never publicly __14__ but she has been released from the hospital.
In a world filled with uncertainty, as Nelson told CNN, coming together is a kind of __15__.　
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
11．A．lined B．blocked
C．changed D．moved
12．A．unsuccessfully B．unexpectedly
C．abnormally D．securely
13．A．instantly B．generally
C．frequently D．fortunately
14．A．discussed B．criticized
C．exposed D．funded
15．A．curiosity B．honesty
C．happiness D．kindness
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了艾达和邻居用车头灯组建机场跑道灯，帮助救伤直升机完成降落任务的故事。
1．B　根据下文The airport’s runway lights were out.可知，由于机场的跑道灯出现故障，飞机无法降落，因此盘旋在机场上空。故选B。
2．B　根据上文Ida Nelson was staying in bed with her sister when she heard the sound of a small airplane ________ the nearby airport.可知，艾达睡觉时听到飞机在附近机场盘旋的声音，根据空后内容可知，她发现了问题所在：机场的跑道灯灭了。故选B。
3．A　根据上文Ida Nelson was staying in bed with her sister可知，因为艾达正在睡觉，所以出门之前要穿好衣服。故选A。
4．C　根据上文Nelson ________ some clothes, jumped into her ATV可知，艾达在深夜里选择立刻起床去帮忙解决机场出现的问题，因此应是毫不犹豫的。故选C。
5．D　根据下文but in vain可知，一位当地的飞行员努力打开灯，但没有成功。故选D。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
6．B　根据下文It was a medevac there to ________ a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital可知，此处指艾达得知了该飞机的任务。故选B。
7．A　根据下文a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital, 280 miles away in Anchorage可知，这辆救伤直升机是有任务的，即将患者运送到医院。故选A。
8．C　根据下文Driving her ATV to the end of the runway, she shone her headlights on the runway for the plane to ________.可知，此处指艾达有了一个好的计划。故选C。
9．C　根据上文Driving her ATV to the end of the runway, she shone her headlights on the runway可知，她打开车头灯，作为参照让飞机跟随。故选C。
10．B　根据下文called nearly every home in the village—32 of them可知，这位邻居给每一户都打了电话寻求帮助。由此可知，此人是乐于助人的。故选B。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
11．A　此处指车辆排列在跑道一侧，人们打开车头灯照亮跑道。故选A。
12．D　根据下文The young patient was loaded onto the aircraft可知，救伤直升机安全地着陆了。故选D。
13．A　根据上文a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital可知，因为这位年轻的病人病情严重，所以她被抬上飞机后，飞机立即又起飞了。故选A。
14．C　根据下文but she has been released from the hospital可知，病人的病情并未被公开。故选C。
15．D　根据上文的内容可知，艾达和邻居的行为表明团结一致就是一种善意。故选D。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
单元限时作业
04
单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
A
体裁：记叙文 题材：人物故事
[山东威海2022高一期末]Emma Gatewood—called “Grandma Gatewood” by the world—was one of the early thru hikers of the Appalachian Trail (AT), the longest walking only footpath in the world. She was not the first person—or even the first woman—to hike the trail (小径). Her hike was notable because she was the first woman ever to complete the trail alone at an advanced age.
When Gatewood did her first thru hike in 1955, there were few hikers and it was hard to follow the trail. There were also fewer resources for hikers—fewer stores near the trail and much less information available about the trail. But still, Gatewood hiked it alone, carrying only a bag and a hiking stick. She ate a lot of sausages and trail mix.Sometimes she ran out of food and ate berries she recognized in the forest.
单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
After her hike, Gatewood had this to say about the trail in an interview: I thought it would be a nice lark. It wasn’t. There were terrible burnt over areas and sand washouts, and most of the shelters were blown down, burnt down or so dirty that I chose to sleep out of doors. This was no trail. This was a nightmare. I would never have started this trip if I had known how tough it was, but I couldn’ and I wouldn’t quit.
All things considered, the only thing more improbable than Emma Gatewood’s completing the trail at the age of 67, is that she turned around and did it again. Twice—once in 1957 and again in 1964, at the age of 76, but this time in sections.
“Gatewood inspired many hikers over the years,” says Luxenberg, president of the Appalachian Trail Museum. “People think, ‘If this elderly woman could do the trail by herself, then I should be able to.’ ”
单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
1．Which might be the title for Gatewood
A．The first thru hiker of the AT.
B．The first elderly female to hike the AT alone.
C．The only woman thru hiker of the AT.
D．The oldest person to hike the AT alone.
2．What was Gatewood’s first hike like
A．She met extreme weather.
B．There was various food.
C．She met many fellow travellers.
D．There was limited information.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了67岁高龄的埃玛·盖特伍德克服重重困难，独自徒步走完阿巴拉契小径的壮举。
2．D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的When Gatewood did her first thru hike in 1955, there were few hikers and it was hard to follow the trail… much less information available about the trail.可知，当盖特伍德第一次徒步时，可获得的关于小径的信息非常有限。故选D项。
1．B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的Her hike was notable because she was the first woman ever to complete the trail alone at an advanced age.可知，盖特伍德是第一