外研版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science单元习题课件(共55张PPT)

(共55张PPT)
Unit 3　The world of science
必修
第三册
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
01
1．We begin to enjoy literature, which has some __________ (significance) qualities.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
significant
句意为：我们开始欣赏文学作品,它有一些显著的特点。设空处修饰名词qualities,应用形容词形式。故填significant。
2．The Chinese invented block printing more than 1,000 years ago. The ________ (origin) characters were carved on wood and ink was then applied.
original
句意为：早在1,000多年前,中国人就发明了雕版印刷。最初的文字被刻在木头上然后涂上墨水。设空处在句中作定语,修饰名词characters,应用形容词形式,故填original,意为“最初的,原来的”。
解析
解析
3．In order to deal with common ________ (injure), it’s very important for us to know some knowledge of first aid.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：为了处理常见的创伤,了解一些急救知识对我们来说是非常重要的。设空处前有形容词common修饰,作deal with的宾语,应用名词形式；injure的名词形式为injury,意为“(身体上的)损伤”,为可数名词,此处表示“常见的创伤”,应用复数形式。故填injuries。
4．I looked up words in the dictionary and still not ________ (entire) understood the meanings.
句意为：我在词典里查单词,但仍然不能完全理解它们的意思。设空处修饰动词understood,应用副词形式。故填entirely。
injuries
entirely
解析
解析
5．________ instance, a shorter shower means you use less water and less gas.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
For
句意为：例如,较短时间的淋浴意味着你使用的水和燃气会更少。for instance意为“例如”,为固定短语。故填For。
6．In addition ________ these tasks, robots will even be able to play chess and do exercise with people.
to
句意为：除了这些任务,机器人甚至将能够和人类下棋以及做运动。in addition to意为“除……之外”,为固定短语。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．It is said that body language accounts ________ 55 percent of the first impression.
句意为：据说肢体语言占第一印象的55%。account for意为“(比例)占；对……作出解释；导致”,为固定短语。
for
8．I’m not used to ___________ (treat) the way he used ________ (do). I’m no longer a child!
being treated 　
句意为：我不习惯他用过去的那种方式对待我。我不再是个孩子了！be used to doing sth意为“习惯于做某事”,主语I与treat之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用动名词的被动式,故第一个空填being treated; used to do sth意为“过去常常做某事”,故第二个空填to do。
解析
解析
to do　
9．If you want to achieve success, you should always have a goal and the desire ________ (learn).
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
to learn
10．The first phase of the Space Exploration Project _______________ (finish) by the team so far.
has been finished
句意为：如果你想取得成功,你应该始终有目标以及学习的渴望。desire to do sth意为“做某事的渴望”,不定式(短语)作后置定语,修饰名词desire。
句意为：到目前为止,该团队已完成太空探索项目的第一阶段任务。设空处作句子的谓语,根据时间状语so far可知,此处应用现在完成时；主语和finish之间为被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态；主语The first phase of the Space Exploration Project为单数,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been finished。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
11．Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations _________________ (employ) only since the mid 1980s, and the cost is very high to perform consistently over a large area.
句意为：追踪北极熊数量的现代方法自20世纪80年代中期开始才被运用,而且在很大的区域内持续进行追踪的成本很高。根据时间状语since the mid 1980s可知,此处应用现在完成时,且主语中心词methods与employ之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填have been employed。
have been employed
12．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ (regard)as one of the best all round forms of exercise.
is regarded
句意为：如今,骑自行车和慢跑、游泳一样被看作是最好的全面锻炼的形式之一。当主语后有along with时,谓语动词的单复数形式应和along with前面的主语保持一致。本句的主语cycling为单数形式,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。主语cycling与regard之间为被动关系,本句的时间状语为Nowadays,因此应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is regarded。
解析
解析
Over the past ten years, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in our school.
1．我希望这些建议对你有用。(find＋宾语＋宾补)
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
2．我们学校在过去的十年间发生了巨大的变化。(take place)
I hope you will ________ ________ ___________ _____________________.
great changes have taken place
find these suggestions practical/helpful/useful　
根据时间状语Over the past ten years可知,应用现在完成时,且take place无被动语态。
解析
4．据报道,新版教材更加重视中国传统文化教育。(attach importance to)
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
______ ______ ________ ________ textbooks of new versions ________ ________ ________ ________ traditional Chinese culture.
It is reported that attach more importance
to　
3．其森林覆盖面积有18,000英亩,冬天不太冷,夏天也不太热。(neither… nor…)
It has forest coverage of 18,000 acres and it is ________ ________ ________ in winter ________ ________ ________ in summer.
neither too cold nor
too hot　
________ ________ ________ ________ all the fish in the river died out ________the villagers realised the importance of protecting the environment.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
5．直到河中所有的鱼都死了,村民们才意识到保护环境的重要性。(强调until从句)
It was not until that
体裁：说明文　 题材：发明创造
This evening, an interviewer will be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose book The New Age of Invention has just been published. The contents of the interview will be made up 1________ three parts: inventions of the past, inventions of today and 2________ (inspire) for inventions.
There have been golden ages of invention throughout history. For example, the four great inventions in Ancient China (gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass) made a great difference to the world. And there 3________ (be) the great Western inventions: the steam engine, the telephone and the radio.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．of
答案及解析
2．inspiration(s)
3．were
Nowadays, we find 4________ (we) in the great new age of technology. There are many tech based inventions. Besides, important advances 5________ (make) in medicine and environmental science so far because of increasing computer power. For example, intelligent walking houses use GPS technology 6________ (travel) to different places, with computing technology controlling its “legs”.
7________ (actual), most inventions start with recognising a problem 8________ needs a solution. That is to say, we have 9________ constant desire to think and create, so we can have new inventions constantly. That’s the real spirit of invention. Though we are a long way from 10________ (invent) something great, don’t give up. As they say, “Never say never!”
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
6．to travel　
5．have been made
4．ourselves　
9．a
8．that/which
10．inventing　
7．Actually
体裁：说明文 题材：科学技术
A Chinese space mining company has designed a robot 1________ can collect waste materials left behind by spacecraft in outer space. The state run Xinhua News Agency 2________ (recent) reported that the robot was launched on the Long March 6 rocket along 3________ several satellites (卫星). It was also going to enter deep space to observe the small objects in the universe.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．that/which　句意为：中国的一家太空采矿公司设计了一款机器人,它可以收集航天器在外太空留下的废弃物。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词是robot,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或者which引导。故填that或which。
2．recently　句意为：中国官方媒体新华社最近报道,这个机器人和其他几颗卫星一起搭载长征六号火箭发射升空。此处修饰动词reported,应用副词。故填recently。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家中国太空采矿公司设计的一种机器人,它可以收集航天器在外太空留下的废弃物质。
答案及解析
3．with　句意见上一题解析。此处指的是
机器人和其他几颗卫星一起搭载长征六号
火箭发射升空,along with意为“与……一
起”,为固定短语。故填with。
The 30 kilogramme robot, 4________ (call) NEO 01, was developed by a high tech company, Origin Space. 5________ company says the robot, which uses a big net to collect waste materials and then burn them, will lead the way for future technologies capable of mining on asteroids (小行星). The world’s first asteroid mining company, Planetary Resources, 6________ (establish) in 2009.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
4．called　句意为：这个重30千克的机器人名为NEO 01,是由起源太空高科技公司开发的。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,call与其所修饰词robot之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词。故填called。
5．The　句意为：该公司表示,这款机器人使用一张大网收集废弃物,然后将其燃烧,它为未来能够在小行星上采矿的技术开辟道路。此处特指前文出现的公司,应用定冠词。故填The。
6．was established　句意为：世界上第一家小行星采矿公司“Planetary Resources”于2009年成立。设空处为句子谓语,establish与主语之间为被动关系,应用被动语态；根据时间状语in 2009可知,此处用一般过去时；主语为单数,谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。故填was established。
Since then, more than 12 businesses around the world 7________ (enter) the industry. Su Meng, the 8________ (found) of Origin Space, said the company planned to launch many space 9________ (telescope) and more spacecraft to begin the first for profit mining of asteroids by 2045.
The Xinhua News Agency reported that China was increasing efforts 10________ (land) a spacecraft on a near Earth asteroid to collect materials.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
7．have entered　句意为：从那时起,全球有超过12家企业进入该行业。根据时间状语Since then可知,句子谓语应用现在完成时；且主语more than 12 businesses为复数,故填have entered。
8．founder　句意为：起源太空公司的创始人苏萌说,该公司计划发射许多太空望远镜和更多的航天器,到2045年开始第一次以营利为目的的小行星采矿。此处应用名词founder作Su Meng的同位语,意为“创始人”,且主语为单数形式。故填founder。
9．telescopes　句意见上一题解析。空格之前有many修饰,应用可数名词telescope的复数形式。故填telescopes。
10．to land　句意为：新华社报道称,中国正在加大力度让航天器在近地小行星上着陆,以收集材料。根据固定短语an effort/efforts to do sth可知,应用动词不定式。故填to land。
　Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
02
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
体裁：应用文 题材：新闻广告
Smart Kids is a collection of one hundred events scheduled in October. This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford, after you have attended an event. You can pre book events without paying for a ticket in advance. Here are some of the director’s picks.
Walk on the Wild Side
Not ticketed, Free
Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals. Along the way you’ll meet all sorts of beautiful creatures and discover life cycles and food chains.Best suited to children aged 5—9. Children under 8 must be accompanied by an adult.
Introduction to Waves
Pre book, PWYD
Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean. Mike Goldsmith explores the fundamental features shared by all waves in the natural world.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
Science in the Field
Not ticketed, Free
This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first hand data on various field e along for inspiring and informative stories straight from the scientist’s mouth. Join Mark Samuels to find out more in this fun filled workshop.
Festival Dinner
Pre book, ￡25 per personWhether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first science festival in London.Which foods should you eat to trick your brain into thinking that you are full Find out more from Tom Crawford.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．In which event can you decide the payment
A．Introduction to Waves.
B．Walk on the Wild Side.
C．Science in the Field.
D．Festival Dinner.
2．Who will talk about experiences of collecting direct data
A．Mike Goldsmith. B．Sarah Law.
C．Mark Samuels. D．Tom Crawford.
3．What do the four events have in common
A．Family based. B．Science themed.
C．Picked by children. D．Filled with adventures.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四项在十月份举办的以科学为主题的活动以及各个活动的内容和特色。
1．A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD)．That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford… 可知,与PWYD试验有关的活动中参与者可以支付任意金额,而四项活动中只有Introduction to Waves支持PWYD试验,故选A项。
2．C　细节理解题。根据Science in the Field活动中的This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first hand data on various field trips.和最后一句可知,马克·塞缪尔斯会
分享他在各种实地考察中收集第一手数据的美
好回忆,故选C项。
答案及解析
3．B　推理判断题。通读全文可知,这四项活动的共同点是都以科学为主题,故选B项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明
[河北唐山2021高一期末]The history of flying cars is almost as old as that of powered flight itself. It started with the Curtiss Autoplane of 1917, an awkward looking device with wings that could be disconnected. It never left the ground. Later machines made it into the sky but failed to take off commercially. Thanks to better batteries and special materials, the vehicles, some of which have been in the making for ten years, are ready to carry passengers.
Midway between a taxi and a helicopter, flying taxis have apparent advantages over both. Quiet electric engines allow them to operate services repeatedly. Unlike noisy helicopters, which face strict operating limits in most cities, they require only a small flat area to land and can fly four or five times faster than a taxi can drive. Moreover, they don’t get stuck in traffic. Prices can be kept low by ride sharing.
Money is now flooding into flying taxis. Carmakers, tech companies and others are putting large amounts of money into the field. Morgan Stanley, an investment (投资) bank, assumes the market for this industry could be worth $674 billion by 2040—a sign indicating the business will fly.
Joby, based in California, says its five seater machine will enter commercial service in 2024. The initial cost of around $4 per person per mile may soon fall by 25%. A trip from Manhattan to JFK Airport would then cost $30—40 per passenger. It counts Toyota, a Japanese car giant, among its backers and in December it bought the flying car business of Uber. Some companies are even closer to take off. For example, EHang is close to obtaining certification (认证)
in China, its home market.
A new age will come when fully automatic (自动的) driving saves the cost of a pilot. With the technology
advancing, it won’t be long before it comes true.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．What greatly decides the commercial service of flying cars
A．Automatic driving.
B．Disconnected wings.
C．A great deal of money.
D．Batteries and materials.
2．Why is Morgan Stanley mentioned in the text
A．To reflect the financial difficulty.
B．To introduce an investment bank.
C．To show the bright future of flying taxis.
D．To attract more international companies.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了飞行出租车的历史、现状、优势和发展前景等相关信息。
1．D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Thanks to better batteries and special materials, the vehicles, some of which have been in the making for ten years, are ready to carry passengers.可知,电池和材料决定了飞行出租车的商业服务,故选D项。
答案及解析
2．C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, assumes the market for this industry could be worth $674 billion by 2040—a sign indicating the business will fly.可知,这家投资银行认为到2040年,飞行出租车行业的市值可能达到6,740亿美元,这表明飞行出租车行业即将腾飞。由此可知,第三段提到这家投资
银行主要是为了表明飞行出租车有着光明的未
来,故选C项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．Which of the following bought the flying car business of Uber
A．Joby. B．Morgan Stanley.
C．Toyota. D．EHang.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．The Whole History of Flying Cars
B．Flying Taxis About to Take Off
C．Flying Taxis in Place of Planes
D．Competition Between Car Giants
3．A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的It counts Toyota, a Japanese car giant, among its backers and in December it bought the flying car business of Uber.并结合前文可知,此处It指代的是Joby,即Joby获得了包括日本汽车行业巨头丰田在内的多家企业的资金支持,并收购了Uber的飞行汽车业务。故选A项。
答案及解析
4．B　主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句Thanks to better batteries and special materials, the vehicles, some of which have been in the making for ten years, are ready to carry passengers.及最后一段内容可知,本文主要介绍了随着科技的发展,飞行出租车的使用即将成为现实,B项“飞行出租车即将起飞”能够概括文章大意,适合做本文的标题。故选B项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明
Could you imagine what it would be like if there were no other ways to get around except by using your feet Not only would you wear out a lot of shoes but it would take you a long time to get anywhere.
__1__ But that’s just the wheel; did you know that the earliest boats were dugout canoes (独木舟) People lit a fire on a big log (原木) and then put the fire out and dug out the burnt wood!
Then there were the Egyptians, who invented the sailing boat, but this could only be used in one direction. __2__ Later the clever Romans came along and built their famous network of roads across the Roman Empire. __3__
Some of the roads did not last very long and they soon became dirt tracks (小路). People travelled on roads by waggon (马车), but most things would be taken by sea in the 16th century. In the 19th century, some of the forms of transport that you know today were invented—the bike and the car. __4__ The first underground railway in the world was built in London.
As it got easier to travel, people wanted to get to other places faster. __5__ It was first used in the war, but now it has become an indispensable (不可或缺的) way of transport.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
A．Then the aeroplane came into being.
B．Do you know when the car was invented
C．How many kinds of transport can you name
D．In addition, travel was made much easier by railways.
E．If the wind was blowing in another direction, they had to row the boat.
F．So the Roman army could march from one part of the empire to another quickly!
G．You really need to thank a few people for saving your poor shoes, like the person who invented the wheel!　　
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了交通工具从无到有的发展过程。
1．G　根据上一段中的Not only would you wear out a lot of shoes but it would take you a long time to get anywhere.和设空处下一句中的But that’s just the wheel可知,设空处起到承上启下的作用；G选项“你真的需要感谢一些人拯救了你可怜的鞋子,比如发明了轮子的人”承接上文,而且与下文相呼应,故选G项。
2．E　根据设空处上一句Then there were the Egyptians, who invented the sailing boat, but this could only be used in one direction.可知,E选项“如果风从另一个方向吹过来,他们就必须划船”符合语境,故选E项。
3．F　根据设空处上一句Later the clever Romans came along and built their famous network of roads across the Roman Empire.可知,此处是说后来聪明的罗马人在整个罗马帝国修建了著名的道路网,因此罗马军队可以快速地从帝国的一个地方行军到另一个地方。故选F项。
4．D　根据设空处下一句The first underground railway in the world was built in London.可知,D选项“此外,铁路使出行容易得多”符合语境,故选D项。
5．A　根据设空处上一句As it got easier to travel, people wanted to get to other places faster.可知,此处是说随着出行变得越来越容易,人们想更快地到达目的地,A项“然后飞机就出现了”承接上一句话,符合语境,故选A项。
答案及解析
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人介绍
[江苏宜兴2021高一期中调研]Einstein was not only an outstanding scientist of the 20th century, but also a gifted and enthusiastic (满腔热忱的) musician.He once said that if he hadn’t been a scientist, he would have been a __1__. “Life without playing music is unthinkable for me,” he said. “I get the biggest __2__ in life out of music.”
Einstein’s mother was a talented pianist who __3__ music to life in the family home. Einstein began to learn the __4__ at the age of six, but he didn’t work hard until he __5__ the joys of Mozart’s sonatas (奏鸣曲) at the age of 13. From that __6__ on, although he had no further lessons, his violin __7__ his companion.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
1．A．physician B．musician
C．politician D．reporter
2．A．joy B．money
C．idea D．energy
3．A．played B．sent
C．created D．brought
4．A．violin B．piano
C．knowledge D．game
5．A．loved B．tracked
C．discovered D．confirmed
6．A．location B．space
C．access D．point
7．A．turned B．remained
C．appeared D．seemed
When Einstein moved to Aarau in Switzerland in 1895 to complete his schooling, he seemed to have __8__ much of his time to music. Just before his 17th birthday, Einstein played at the music __9__ in the school, and the examiner reported that “a student called Einstein shone in the __10__ felt performance of one of the Beethoven sonatas”. In addition to his great __11__ in playing the violin, he also played the piano and, __12__, loved to improvise (即兴创作).
In later life, Einstein’s reputation (声誉) as a physicist often led to __13__ to perform at benefit concerts, which he generally accepted happily. Probably the __14__ of the violinist Einstein comes nearest to the remark from his friend Janos Plesch, who wrote “There are many musicians with much __15__ skills, but none, I believe, who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feelings.”
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
8．A．devoted B．spent
C．lost D．wasted
9．A．performance B．presentation
C．exhibition D．examination
10．A．hardly B．deeply
C．carelessly D．honestly
11．A．skill B．patience
C．care D．courage
12．A．after all B．in particular
C．at large D．by accident
13．A．contributions B．applications
C．invitations D．prizes
14．A．reaction B．destination
C．summary D．instruction
15．A．broader B．funnier
C．wilder D．better
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了爱因斯坦除了是著名的科学家之外,还是一位有天分的音乐家,他热爱音乐并有着高超的音乐技巧。
1．B　根据上文Einstein was not only an outstanding scientist of the 20th century, but also a gifted and enthusiastic musician.可知,此处指爱因斯坦如果不是一位科学家,则可能会成为一位音乐家。physician意为“内科医生”；musician意为“音乐家”；politician意为“政治家”；reporter意为“记者”。故选B项。
2．A　根据上文Life without playing music is unthinkable for me及下文内容可知,音乐是爱因斯坦生活中最大的乐趣。故选A项。
3．D　根据上文Einstein’s mother was a talented pianist可知,爱因斯坦的母亲把音乐带到了家庭生活中。故选D项。
4．A　根据下文中的although he had no further lessons, his violin ________ his companion可知,爱因斯坦从六岁开始学习小提琴。故选A项。
5．C　此处与上文音乐是爱因斯坦生活中最大的乐趣相呼应,故此处指发现乐趣。love意为“热爱”；
track意为“跟踪”；discover意为“发现”；confirm意为“确认”。故选C项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
6．D　根据上文the joys of Mozart’s sonatas at the age of 13可知,从那时起,小提琴一直陪伴着爱因斯坦。location意为“位置”；space意为“空间”；access意为“入口”；point意为“时刻”。故选D项。
7．B　根据上文although he had no further lessons可知,此处上下文是转折关系,所以是爱因斯坦的小提琴一直陪伴着他。故选B项。
8．A　根据下文much of his time to music可知,爱因斯坦投入大量的时间在音乐上。固定搭配devote… to… 意为“把……用于……”。故选A项。
9．D　根据下文the examiner可知,此处应该是指音乐考试。performance意为“演出”；presentation意为“介绍会”；exhibition意为“展览”；examination意为“考试”。故选D项。
10．B　根据shone和下文In addition to his great ________ in playing the violin, he also played the piano可知,爱因斯坦的表演非常出色,感人肺腑。故选B项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
11．A　句意为：除了拉小提琴的高超技巧外,爱因斯坦还弹钢琴,尤其喜欢即兴创作。根据上文the examiner reported that “a student called Einstein shone…”可知,爱因斯坦的音乐技巧很高超。故选A项。
12．B　根据语境可知,爱因斯坦尤其喜欢即兴创作。after all意为“毕竟”；in particular意为“尤其”；at large意为“一般地”；by accident意为“偶然地”。故选B项。
13．C　根据下文中的perform at benefit concerts, which he generally accepted happily可知,爱因斯坦是受邀去演奏。contribution意为“贡献”；application意为“申请”；invitation意为“邀请”；prize意为“奖品”。故选C项。
14．C　根据下文There are many musicians 以及but none, I believe, who ever played with more sincerity or deeper feelings可知,本句是总结爱因斯坦对音乐的热爱。reaction意为“反应”；destination意为“终点”；summary意为“总结”；instruction意为“指导”。故选C项。
15．D　本句是对爱因斯坦和其他音乐家演奏技巧的比较,并且前后为转折关系,所以此处指许多音乐家
有更好的技巧。故选D项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
　Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
03
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
A
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历
When I decided to leave my home country to get a degree in Canada, I hadn’t expected that communication would be an issue. I had thought I could express myself in English easily. I took English lessons in my teens and scored highly in English tests.
But soon after my arrival in Canada, I realised how wrong I was. In research discussions, surrounded by native English speakers, I had to be careful about what they said. I needed to consciously follow each conversation and translate it into my native language. Then, I had to reflect carefully on it and think of an answer. Finally, I tried to find the right English words to communicate. Constantly thinking about what I would say next, I had a hard time remaining focused on conversations.
But when I again failed to say exactly what I meant in a meeting a few months later, I came up with a simple idea.Why not take part in the discussion in writing Communicating with my workmates by e mail, I had more time to think and comfortably express my thoughts. Over time, this practice helped improve my English significantly.
In addition, I learnt to be open with my workmates. I decided to remind them that English is not my first language. I asked them to speak more slowly to help me follow the discussions. It was a little awkward to draw attention to what might be seen as a weakness. And at first, the other members of the research team seemed slightly surprised. But they gradually seemed to become more aware of how they were speaking. And then I felt more comfortable
joining in the conversation.With efforts on both sides, we could overcome language problems.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
1．How did the author feel about his communication in English before going to Canada
A．Worried. B．Confident.
C．Doubtful. D．Hopeless.
2．What does the underlined word “consciously” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Morally. B．Passively.
C．Uncomfortably. D．Purposely.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者离开祖国去加拿大学习,结果语言成了一大障碍,为此作者通过书面交流和提醒同学们说慢点的方法让这一情况得到了改善。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的 I had thought I could express myself in English easily.可知,去加拿大前作者对自己的英语交流能力是自信的。故选B项。
2．D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前文中的I had to be careful about what they said和画线词后的follow each conversation and translate it into my native language可知,作者到加拿大后必须认真听当地人讲话,要有意识地跟上他们的谈话并将谈话内容翻译成自己的母语。morally意为“道德上”；passively意为“被动地”；uncomfortably意为“不舒服地”；purposely意为“故意地”。故选D项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
3．What method has greatly improved the author’s English
A．Talking to his workmates more often.
B．Asking his workmates to give him more time.
C．Communicating with his workmates by e mail.
D．Discussing with his workmates at the meeting.
4．Which way helped the author solve the conversation problem finally
A．Asking his workmates to speak slowly.
B．Making himself understood slowly.
C．Learning to show his advantages.
D．Trying to join in the team.
3．C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Communicating with my workmates by e mail, I had more time to think and comfortably express my thoughts.Over time, this practice helped improve my English significantly.可知,作者通过邮件和同学们交流,并且此举大大地提高了作者的英语水平。故选C项。
答案及解析
4．A　细节理解题。 根据最后一段中的 I asked them to speak more slowly to help me follow the discussions.和With efforts on both sides, we could overcome language problems.可知,作者坦诚地跟同学们交流,让同学们说话慢一点,从而帮助他跟上讨论,克服了交流的困难。故选A项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
B
体裁：说明文 题材：科学研究与发现
[全国新高考Ⅰ2022]Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground breaking, five year study shows that diet related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Dami?n Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.
These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
1．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A．Its variety.
B．Its distribution.
C．Its quantity.
D．Its development.
【语篇导读】本文介绍了一项耗时5年的研究,该研究发现人类的语音发展与饮食的改变有关。
1．D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi… has found how and why this trend arose.可知,达米安·布拉西的研究方向是这一趋势形成的原因和方式。根据前文可知,this trend指的是30多年前学者查尔斯发现在吃较软食物的群体中唇齿音更常见。由此可知,达米安·布拉西研究的是人类语音的发展。故选D项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
2．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
2．C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals和our jaws changed to an overbite structure, making it easier to produce such sounds可知,人类因为上下颌结构的改变才得以更加轻松地发出唇齿音,由此可知,古代的成年人难以发出唇齿音与上下颌结构有关。故选C项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
4．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A．It is key to effective communication.
B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system.
D．It drives the evolution of human beings.
3．A　主旨大意题。根据第五段首句Analyses of a language database also confirmed that… 可知,语言数据库的分析也证实了新石器时代之后唇齿音的增加。这与第四段首句提及的研究结果相一致,由此可知,此段是为该研究结果提供证据。故选A项。
4．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable和the huge variety of speech sounds… is the product of a complex interplay… 可推知,人类的语音体系是一个复杂且不断变化的系统。故选C项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷7选5
体裁：说明文 题材：个人健康
[湖北武汉2022高一期末]Too much screen time may cause serious eye strain (眼疲劳) and even a sharp decline of eyesight. That’s a big problem a lot of people are faced with nowadays, especially those who work on a computer. The following tips may be helpful.
Get regular eye tests.
Experts recommend having a comprehensive eye exam every year to detect problems before they develop.During this test, you should tell the doctor how often you use your phone and your computer. __1__ Tell your doctor about it, and your eyes can be tested more accurately at that distance.
Give your eyes space.
__2__ Studies on computer related eye strain suggest that screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face. If this makes it hard for you to read, consider increasing the size of the text rather than moving the screen closer.
Take breaks.
This may not always be practical if you’re quite busy, but it’s important not to stare directly at a screen for too long. __3__ While surveys have shown that many office workers take no more than half an hour a day away
from their computers, it’s recommended that you take a 15 minute break after every two hours spent at your
screen.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷7选5
__4__
Staring at a screen continuously for hours on end may make it difficult for you to focus. To avoid this, many eye experts recommend the “20 20 20 rule”—looking away from your phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds. The science behind this trick is that looking at objects at a distance relaxes the focusing muscle in the eye. __5__
A．Exercise your eyes.
B．Give your eyes a chance to rest.
C．Make your screen more eye friendly.
D．Studies show it’s an effective way to reduce tiredness.
E．You should also measure the distance from your eyes to your screen at work.
F．The closer your phone/computer screen is to your eyes, the harder they have to work to focus.
G．Make sure that you use your phone or computer in a room where the lighting is bright enough.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当今许多人面临的一个大问题：经常面对电子屏幕导致眼睛疲劳。文章提出了几种保护眼睛免受屏幕伤害的方法。
1．E　根据下文Tell your doctor about it, and your eyes can be tested more accurately at that distance.可知,作者建议将距离告诉医生,以寻求更准确的检测；由此可推知,设空处是建议大家测量眼睛和屏幕之间的距离。E项“你还应该在工作时测量眼睛到屏幕的距离”符合语境,E项中的distance与下文的it和distance呼应。故选E项。
2．F　根据本段小标题Give your eyes space.可知,本段主要建议给眼睛留点空间,即眼睛和屏幕之间应有一段距离。下文screens should be no closer than 40 cm from your face说明屏幕与脸部之间应该保持适当距离。F项“手机或电脑屏幕离你的眼睛越近,你的眼睛就越难聚焦”指出了眼睛离手机或电脑屏幕近的危害,引出了下文应保持适当距离的建议,符合语境。故选F项。
3．B　上文it’s important not to stare directly at a screen for too long建议人们不要长时间盯着屏幕,下文it’s recommended that you take a 15 minute break after every two hours spent at your screen建议人们适当休息,
设空处承上启下。B项“给你的眼睛一个休息的机会”符合语境。故选B项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷7选5
4．A　根据下文To avoid this, many eye experts recommend the “20 20 20 rule”—looking away from your phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20 feet away for at least 20 second.可推知,本段主要建议大家锻炼眼睛来缓解疲劳。A项“锻炼你的眼睛”适合作为本段小标题。故选A项。
5．D　上文The science behind this trick is that looking at objects at a distance relaxes the focusing muscle in the eye.解释了为什么“20-20-20规则”可以放松眼睛,缓解疲劳。D项“研究表明这是缓解疲劳的有效方法”承接上文,符合语境。故选D项。
答案及解析
体裁：记叙文 题材：人际关系
[山西临汾2021高一质量检测]The management of a software company decided to teach its employees about finding real __1__ to solve problems.
When called to play a game in a hall, the team of 30 employees was quite __2__, holding various thoughts.As they entered the hall, they found the hall __3__ decorated, with coloured lights on the wall. Everyone looked at each other and then __4__ a huge box of balloons in the centre of the hall. They were __5__ to pick a balloon and blow it up. And the team leader asked them to __6__ their names on their balloons. All tried to do that, but not everyone __7__ it. A few balloons burst due to pressure and yet these employees were given another chance.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
1．A．suggestions B．responses
C．ways D．reasons
2．A．satisfied B．surprised
C．grateful D．frightened
3．A．partially B．strangely
C．beautifully D．properly
4．A．realised B．recognised
C．admitted D．noticed
5．A．allowed B．required
C．warned D．advised
6．A．hide B．vote
C．write D．explain
7．A．knew B．made
C．found D．proved
Those who __8__ even after the second chance were ruled out of the game. In all, 25 employees were left for the next __9__. All the balloons were collected and the team leader asked the employees to get the balloon with their names marked. Also, he told them no balloon should be __10__.
The 25 employees began to __11__ the balloons carrying their names in a rush. However, they had to be very __12__. It was almost 15 minutes and no one was able to find his own balloon.
Now it was the third and final level. The employees were asked to pick any balloon in the hall and give it to the person whose name was __13__ on the balloon.Within a couple of minutes all the balloons reached the corresponding employee.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
8． A．failed B．tried
C．finished D．escaped
9． A．level B．top
C．floor D．place
10．A．thrown B．attacked
C．damaged D．painted
11．A．take up B．hang out
C．give away D．search for
12．A．honest B．careful
C．strict D．cheerful
13．A．described B．weaved
C．impressed D．marked
The team leader said that this was the real way to solve problems. Often everyone is crazily looking for ways to solve problems without recognising the __14__ way. Most of the time, __15__ and helping others can give you the tools you need to deal with all problems.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
14．A．shortest B．different
C．best D．typical
15．A．concentrating B．discovering
C．fighting D．sharing
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了某软件公司的管理者通过一个游戏教员工寻找解决问题的方法,以此告诉我们合作才是解决问题的最佳方法。
1．C　根据设空处后的to solve problems和第五段第一句中的this was the real way to solve problems可知,此处是指寻找解决问题的真正方法,故选C项。
2．B　根据上文When called to play a game in a hall和下文holding various thoughts可推知,公司把大家召集起来,竟然是为了玩一个游戏,所以大家都非常惊讶,故选B项。
3．C　根据下文with coloured lights on the wall可知,大厅被装饰得很漂亮,故选C项。
4．D　根据下文a huge box of balloons in the centre of the hall可知,员工来到大厅后注意到大厅中央有一大盒气球。realise意为“意识到”；recognise意为“认出”；admit意为“承认”；notice意为“注意到”。故选D项。
5．B　根据下文to pick a balloon and blow it up和the team leader asked them to可知,员工们应是被要求挑选一个气球并把它吹起来。allow意为“允许”；require意为“要求”；warn意为“提醒”；advise意为
“建议”。故选B项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
答案及解析
6．C　根据下文the team leader asked the employees to get the balloon with their names marked可知,团队负责人要求员工们在他们的气球上写上他们的名字。hide意为“隐藏”；vote意为“投票”；write意为“写”；explain意为“解释”。故选C项。
7．B　根据下文可知并非所有人都做到了。make it为固定搭配,意为“获得成功,设法做到”。故选B项。
8．A　根据下文were ruled out of the game可知,此处指那些失败两次的人被罚出了游戏。fail意为“失败”。故选A项。
9．A　根据第四段中的Now it was the third and final level.可知,此处指总共有25名员工进入了游戏的下一阶段。故选A项。
10．C　根据语境可知,团队负责人告诉员工们不能弄坏气球。故选C项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
答案及解析
11．D　根据下文no one was able to find his own balloon可知,此处是指员工们开始寻找有自己名字的气球。take up意为“从事；占据”；hang out意为“晾晒；闲逛”；give away意为“泄露；赠送”；search for意为“寻找”。故选D项。
12．B　根据上文 A few balloons burst due to pressure 可知,气球是易爆的,而员工们又被要求不能弄坏气球,所以他们要十分小心。honest意为“诚实的”；careful意为“小心的”；strict意为“严格的”；cheerful意为“快乐的”。故选B项。
13．D　根据文章的内容可知,第二轮游戏是让员工找有自己名字的气球,第三轮游戏是让员工任意捡一个气球,并把它交给名字被写在气球上的那个人,故选D项。
14．C　根据语境可知,此处指没有找到最好的方法,故选C项。
15．D　根据游戏的最后环节员工把自己拿到的气球交给气球上的名字所对应的人可知,大多数时候,
分享和帮助他人可以为你提供处理所有问题所需的工具。concentrate意为“集中(注意力)”；
discover意为“发现”；fight意为“战斗,打架”；share意为“分享”。故选D项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
答案及解析
体裁：记叙文　 题材：个人经历
[全国甲2021]The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It 1________ (build) originally to protect the city 2________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible 3________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．was built　句意为：它修建于唐朝,最初是为了保护这座都城,现在已经被完全修复了。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语；主语It指代The Xi’an City Wall,与build之间为被动关系,应用被动语态；根据originally及the Tang dynasty可知,build这一动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时；主语为It,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was built。
2．in　句意见上一题解析。表示“在……朝代”,介词要用in。故填in。
【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了作者一行人骑自行车游览西安城墙,感受历史的故事。
答案及解析
3．to walk　句意为：走完或者骑行完整整14千米是有可能的。It is possible to do sth是固定句型,意为“做某事是有可能的”。故填to walk。
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 4________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 5________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷语法填空
4．spending　句意为：在花了一些时间看完城墙上所有的防御设施后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比在一段历史中骑行更好的呢！After在本句中为介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。故填spending。
5．better　句意见上一题解析。根据空后的than可知,此处应用比较级。故填better。
We 6________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.My bike was old and shaky 7________ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 8________ way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 9________ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 10________ (day) routines.
Exercise 2 刷语法填空
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
6．hired　句意为：我们从南门的租赁点租了自行车。根据语境可知,作者一行人游览西安城墙是过去的经历,故本句也应用一般过去时。故填hired。
7．but/yet　句意为：我的自行车不仅旧还摇摇晃晃,但是还能骑。分析句子结构可知,本句存在两个谓语动词was和did,因此应填入一个连词连接,设空处前后为转折关系,故填but/yet。
8．the　句意为：在西安城墙上骑行一周花了我们大约3个小时。all the way 为固定搭配,意为“全程；一路上”。故填the。
9．watchtowers　句意为：一般看来,人们花两个小时就能骑完全程,但是我们在不同的大门和瞭望塔前都停下来拍照,或只是观察当地人忙着自己的日常事务。watchtower意为“瞭望塔”,为可数名词,其前有different修饰,应用复数形式。故填watchtowers。
10．daily　句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构
可知,设空处作定语修饰名词routines,应用形
容词。故填daily。
[河北邯郸2022高一期中]阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One of my fondest memories of travel is that I spent a few months backpacking in Eastern Europe in 2019. From Poland to Ukraine, every country I visited exceeded (超过) my expectations. However, the place that I will never forget is Romania. It is a big country in Eastern Europe with little recognition. Additionally, I was surprised to find such unexpected kindness in the capital, Bucharest.
On the first day I arrived in Bucharest from Brasov, I had to take the bus from the train station to my accommodation. I boarded the bus and found that none of my cards worked and I wasn’t able to buy a ticket. I was stopped by patrols (巡逻队) on the bus and fined for not having a ticket, even after explaining that it wasn’t my intention and I had just arrived from Brasov. Despite showing them my train ticket and the fact that I was carrying my Osprey 55L backpack with me, they still didn’t believe me and fined me.
After doing some research online, I found that most buses in Bucharest are outdated and do not accept cash or any form of payment on board. You have to purchase a card at certain places in the city, top it up with money, and then pay on board. The buses connecting to the airports are more modern. You can use wireless payment to purchase a ticket. I was delighted after finding out such good news as I did not want another fine.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷应用文写作
Fast forward to my last day in Bucharest, I was taking the bus to Bucharest Airport. When the bus arrived, I got on and could not find the ticket machine as the bus was inundated (使不胜负荷) with people. People were standing like sardines in a can. I made my way towards the centre of the bus with my big backpack and found the ticket machine to be the same as the one I had encountered on my first day in Bucharest. I tried every method. Nothing worked. I started to panic.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
At that moment, a kind middle aged man standing next to me handed me a card.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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I tried to pay him, but he just refused.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷应用文写作
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷应用文写作
【写作提示】
(1) What’s my reaction
(2) What’s the result of the heart warming behaviour
(3) How did I feel about the kind behaviour
【参考范文】
At that moment, a kind middle aged man standing next to me handed me a card. Even though I could not read the writing that was on the card and he didn’t speak much English, I eventually understood that it was a card for the bus. I hesitated for a moment and he smiled and nodded to me. The man paid for my bus ride.
I tried to pay him, but he just refused. This unexpected act of kindness from this total stranger truly made me feel very touched. I didn’t even know his name and we may never meet each other again. Yet, he stood out when a stranger was in trouble and offered his generosity. I was deeply moved by his act of kindness and I thanked him sincerely. I will not forget that day and that gentleman for the rest of my life.