(新课标) Unit10 I've had this bike for three years. Section A Grammar focus-4c 语法课优质课课件(共37张)

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人教新目标版 八年级(下)
Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
Period 3 SectionA
Grammar focus-4c
语法课优质课
Presentation
Learning aims
1.掌握下列词汇：hometown
掌握句型：--How long have you had that bike over there
--I’ve had it for three years.
--How long has his son owned the train and railway set
--He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
2. 通过阅读翻译Grammar focus中的句子，能够正确的完成句子，说出现在完成时的第二个用法，即表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态；能够说出现在完成时的这个用法和for和since连用。
3.通过体会延续性动词和短暂性动词的区别,能够正确使用现在完成时询问并表达持续性动作或状态。
4.在4a\4b\4c练习中，通过正确地合并句子，动词的适当形式填空以及完成表格，能够在具体的情境中运用现在完成的第二个用法。
Presentation
Revision
Pre-grammar
Look and say.
Do you have them at home
How long have you had the …
I have had …for …years./since …years ago.
toy tiger
toy lion
toy bear
lamp
old books
cup
sweater
dress
scarf
for+时间段；since+过去的时间点，是现在完成时的标志词。
Presentation
New words
Pre-grammar
Look and say.
hometown
n.家乡；故乡
合成词 n.+ n.
home + town
The picture reminds me of my hometown. I have been away from my hometown for many years. I miss her very much.
这幅画让我想起了我的家乡。我离开我的家乡许多年了，我非常想念她。
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
Read and translate.
How long have you had that bike over there I've had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven't played for a while now.
Read the sentences and translate them.
Presentation
Practice
While-grammar
Read and fill.
1. 那边那辆自行车你骑了多久了？
__________ have you ______ that bike over there
2. 我已经骑了三年了。 I’ve had it ______________.
3. 他的儿子拥有火车和轨道多久了？_________________________ the train and railway set
4. 他从四岁生日时就有了。He’s owned it ____________________.
5. 你踢过足球吗？______________ played football
6. 是的，当我小的时候踢过。但是现在已经有好一阵没有踢过
了。
Yes, I did when I was little, but I _____________ for a while now.
How long
had
for three years
How long has his son owned
since his fourth birthday
Have you ever
haven’t played
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
What did you find out
How long have you had that bike over there I've had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven't played for a while now.
探究一：现在完成时的基本(第一个)用法。(复习)
现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have lost my wallet. (含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has just had it. (含义是:简现在不饿了.)
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究一：现在完成时的基本(第一个)用法。(复习)
Michael has been ill. (含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, still, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet ？
现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, twice。 　　
Have you ever been to Beijing？ I have never heard of Bunny.
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究一：现在完成时的基本(第一个)用法。(复习)
I have used this pen only three times.
现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, just, today, this morning/week/month/year, up to now, so far, till\until now等:
1.Peter has written six papers so far.
2.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
3.There has been too much rain in Beijing this year.
4.Up to now everything has been successful.
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
What did you find out
How long have you had that bike over there I've had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven't played for a while now.
探究二：现在完成时的第二个用法。
现在完成时还可以表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，还可
能继续下去。这种用法称为“未完成用法”。可以和表示“从过去某一时
刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“for+时间段”、“since+过去
时间点”、“since+过去时的从句”、“since+一段时间+ago”。
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究二：现在完成时的第二个用法。
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从向连用。
观察: I have lived in France for 20 years.
I have taught English for a long time.
I have spoken French since 1995.
I have been a dad since my daughter was born.
for+ 表示一段时间的词组
since+ 过去某一时间点的词组一般过去时的句子.
for表示“持续了…”+时间段
since含义“自从”+时间点
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究二：现在完成时的第二个用法。
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从向连用。
moved here
in 2020
I still live here
I have lived here for three years.
I have lived here since 2020/three years ago.
I have lived here since I moved here.
for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。
now
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究二：现在完成时的第二个用法。
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从向连用。
How long has Jeff had this bike
bought the bike now
________|_______________________________|__________
2013 2023
10 years
He has had this bike for 10 years.
He has had this bike since 10 years ago.
He has had this bike since 2013.
It is 10 years since he bought this bike.
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究二：现在完成时的第二个用法。
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从向连用。
She has learned English for 5 years.(她已经学习五年英语了)
解释：一直在学,持续了五年,并且还可能持续学下去
He has lived in Beijing since he was born.
(自从他出生以后就居住在北京)
解释:从出生后就一直住在北京,持续到现在,还有可能一直住下去Have you stayed here since 3 o'clock
(自从3点后你就一直呆在这儿吗 )
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究二：现在完成时的第二个用法。
for与since都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大：
现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从向连用。
(1) for后须接“一段时间” He has had this bike for five years.
(2) since后须接“过去的时间点/一般过去时的句子”
He has studied English since 1999. I have stayed here since four years ago.
I have read books since I got home.
(3) for + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ago
He has been here for five weeks. = He has been here since five weeks ago.
for + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ago
since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时)，而for则不能。
He has taught here since he came to China.自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。
Presentation
Practice
While-grammar
选择for或since填空。
1. I have been here ________ five months ago.
2. He has been a soldier _____ about two months.
3. Great changes have taken place ________ you left.
4. His grandpa has been dead _____ ten years.
5. I have studied English _______ I was 12 years old.
6. It is two years ________ I became a junior high school student.
since
for
since
for
since
since
Look and fill.
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
What did you find out
How long have you had that bike over there I've had it for three years.
How long has his son owned the train and railway set He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Have you ever played football Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven't played for a while now.
探究二：延续性动词和非延续性动词用法。
动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
1)延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作,也可以表示经验与经历。
learn, work, stand, lie, walk, sleep, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, live等
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究二：延续性动词和非延续性动词用法。
延续性动可以与or和 since引导的时间状语连用:
Eg: He has lived here for 6 years.
(他在这儿住了六年了,一直住在这儿,live是延续性动词，并且很有可能继续居住)
I have known her since then.
(自从那时起我就认识她了,一直都认识,know是延续性动词)
2)非延续性动词:也称终止性动词或瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, die …
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
---We are late for the movie.
---Wow. The movie has begun.
电影开始的动作在极短的时间里结束。
-They are in the room now.
-They have come into the room.
进来的动作在极短的时间里结束。
-Iphone6 is beautiful.
-Sure. Mayun has bought one.
买的动作在极短的时间里结束。
-He is a famous person, Steve Jobs.
-What a pity. He has died.
死的动作在极短的时间里结束。
什么是非延续性动词呢？
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
什么是非延续性动词呢？
They have borrowed some books from the library.
( “借书”这个动作在极短时间结束。)
---Has the door opened ---No, the door has closed
("关门"这个动作在极短时间里结束。)
---Have they joined the League
---Yes, they have joined the League.
( “入团”这个动作很快结束。)
---Is the baby a student
---Yes, she is. She has already become a student.
(“成为学生”这个动作延续时间很短。)
从“开始发生”到 “结束/终止”几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’）就完成了的动词称为非延续性动词也叫“瞬间动词(也叫‘短暂动词’)”。
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究二：延续性动词和非延续性动词用法。
He has died for two years. (X)
He has been dead for two years. (√)
I have bought the bike for 2 months. (X)
I have had/owned the bike for 2 months. (√)
非延续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与for 或 since引出的短语(或句子)连用，但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个非延续性动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可以延续的。如：
I haven’t seen him for a long time. 我很久没见到他了。
He hasn’t come here for some time. 他有段时间没来了。
I haven’t heard from her since she left. 自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。
非延续性动词不能与现在完成时第二个用法for和since引导的时间状语连用。
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究二：延续性动词和非延续性动词用法。
非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换(常用)
非延续性动词不能和现在完成时第二个用法for和since引导的一段时间连用，我们可以把非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。
1.转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时。
borrow —keep buy — have put on — wear catch a cold — have a cold
get to know —know go to sleep—sleep move to—live in come—stay
2. 转化为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词”
begin / start — be on go out — be out close — be closed open — be open die — be dead leave — be away get to/arrive/reach — be (in)
return—be back join—be in\a go—be off come\arrive—be here
fall asleep—be asleep fall ill—be ill become—be a\an end\finish—be over
make friends—be friends marry—be maried go to bed—be in bed
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
电影开始十分钟了。
开始时间：9:30 a.m
现在时间：9:40 a.m
The movie has begun for 10 minutes.
The movie has been on for 10 minutes.
×
买的时间：2017.12
现在时间：2023.05.
Iphone6 买了6年半了.
Mayun has bought one for six and a half years .
Mayun has had one for six and a half years.
×
Steve Jobs去世9年了.
He has died for 9 years .
He has been dead for 9 years
×
非延续性动词不能和现在完成时第二个用法for和since引导的一段时间连用，我们可以把非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
借书时间：2023.04
现在时间：2023.05.
They have borrowed some books from the library for a month .
They have kept the books from the library for a month. ( 他们借书一个月了。)
上学时间：2022.09.01
现在时间：2023.05.
She has already become a student for almost a year.
She has already been a student for almost a year.
(她成为学生差不多一年了 。)
×
关门时间：10:00
现在时间：10:06.
The door has closed for 6 minutes .
The door has been closed for 6 minutes (门关了6分钟了。)
×
×
Presentation
例:下面是句子的同义句转换,将原句一般过去时改成现在完成时
He went to school two hours ago.(一般过去时)
I borrowed the book five days ago.
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
get to/ arrive in(at)\ reach-be in+地点
He has been in school for two hours.
(现在完成时，将go to school变为be in school, for+时间段)
He has been in school since two hours ago.
(现在完成时，since跟过去的时间点)
borrow借(短暂)-keep保存(延续)
I have kept the book for five days.
I have kept the book since five days ago.
3. She fell asleep one hour ago.
fall asleep入睡(短暂)—be asleep睡着的(状态)
She has been asleep for one hour.
She has been asleep since one hour ago.
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
【即学即练】
Li Lei joined the Party three years ago._(同义句)
Li Lei ____ ____ ____the Party ______ three years.
Li Lei ____ ____ ____the Party _____ three years ago.
join加入某个组织(短暂)—be in+组织(状态)
has been in
for
has been in
since
2. My father left Guizhou last week.(同义句)
My father ___ ____ ____ ____Guizhou ______a week.
My father ___ _____ ____ ____Guizhou ____ last week.
leave离开某地(短暂)
—be away from(状态)
has been away from
for
has been away from
since
3. The factory opened in1996.(同义句)
The factory ____ ____ ____ _____ten years.
The factory ____ _____ _____ since 1996.
has been open for
has been open
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究三：现在完成时的重点句型和注意事项。
①It is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或从句
It is four days since last Friday. 从上周五到现在已经四天了。
It has been two years since Jim came to Beijing. 吉姆来北京已经两年了。
②终止性动词的现在完成时否定式已成为一种可延续性状态, 因此可以和表一段时间的时间状语连用.
自从1985年,他就没离开过这.
He hasn’t left here since 1985.
③现在完成时可和疑问词where, why, how等连用，但不能和when / what time连用
Why have you turned off the TV （你为什么关掉电视？）
你什么时间关上的？
When did you turn off the TV
X
√
When have you turned off the TV
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究四：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。
现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last night, three weeks ago, in 1990。
*一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
I have seen the film.(我了解这部电影的内容。)
I saw the film last week.(只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。)
如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：
－Have you had your breakfast －Yes, I have.
－When did you have it －At seven thirty.
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
1.都表示过去发生的事
2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；
3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）
present
past
I have lived here for two years.
I lived there 2 years ago.
探究四：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。
当有一个表示过去某时的状语时，不能用现在完成时，而多用一般过去时。I saw Mary an hour ago. She lost her handbag yesterday.
Presentation
Grammar Focus
While-grammar
探究语法规律
探究四：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。
有些时间状语，既能用于现在完成时，又能用于一般过去时，但意义上有差别。I’ve written three letters this morning.（说话时仍是上午）
I wrote three letters this morning. （说话时仍是上午或晚上）
现在完成时强调动作或事情发生在过去，一直延续到现在，而且还有可能继续延续下去；而一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或事情。
I have taught this class for ten years. （还在教）
I taught this class for two years. （曾教过两年，现在不教了）
一般过去时态和现在完成时态同义转换
他感冒三天了.
He has had a cold for three days.
He caught a cold three days ago.
Presentation
4a
Post-grammar
Practice
Look and fill.
Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago.
__________________________________
2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.
____________________________________
3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.
_______________________________
4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago.
___________________________________
5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.
____________________________________
get to\arrive in(at)\reach+地点—be in +地点
Jim has been in Japan for three days\since three days.
eat— have
They haven’t had anything for ten hours\since ten hours ago .
buy— have
I have had a camera since 2009.
meet— know
I have known Anna for three years\since three years ago.
become ill— be ill
Linda has been ill since Monday.
Rewrite the sentences using for or since.
Presentation
4b
Post-grammar
Practice
Look and fill.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. I ______________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to ____ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.
2.They__________________(never own) any pets, but they ______________________ (always want) to have a dog.
3. We_______ (have) a piano since last November. We _______ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.
4. Cathy and Amy _______________(not be) back to their hometown for two years. They ____ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.
5. This museum ________ (be) here for over 20 years. It _____ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.
have never been
go
have never owned
have always wanted
have had
bought
haven’t been
miss
has been
is
提示：根据句意和时间状语提示词，决定句子时态和动词形式
Presentation
Post-grammar
Practice
Fill and ask.
4c
Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.
Things How long
Tony favorite book for two years
basketball since he was 10 years old
student 1
student 2
1. Do you have a (n)_________ How long have you had it
2. Do you own a (n)__________ How long have you owned it
For example:
My friend Jenny has a train set. She has owned it since she was two years old.
My classmate Tony has a football T-shirt. He has had it for three years. ……
Presentation
Class test
Post-grammar
自打五年前我就有这套火车和铁轨套装玩具了。
Tara离开家已经两个月了。
这本书我已经借了两周了。
这辆自行车我买了两年了。
那只猫已经死了两天了。
电影已经结束10分钟了。
有，拥有— have\own
I have had (owned) this train and railway set since five years ago.
leave— be away (from)
Tara has been away from home for two months.
borrow— keep
I have kept this book for two weeks.
buy— have
I have had this bike for two years.
die— be dead
The cat has been dead for two days.
finish— be over
The film has been over for ten minutes.
翻译句子
Presentation
Homework
1.默写语法重点中的句子,复习现在完成时并整理笔记。
2.完成4c句子，描述、介绍自己和朋友拥有的物品。
3.预习 Section B单词及句型。
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