【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语外研版必修五教师用书Module 1　British and American English

本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
Module 1　British and American English
【美文阅读】　
我们都知道美国和英国都说英语，但你知道英国英语和美国英语到底有什么区别吗？下面让我们来看究竟吧……
American and British English
American and British ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) English spelling differences are one aspect of American and British English differences.
In the early 18th cen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tury，English spelling was not standardized.Differences became noticeable(明显的，显著的) after the publishing of influential dictionaries.Current British English spellings follow，for the most part，those of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language (1755)．Many of the now characteristic American English spellings were introduced，although not，for the most part，created，by Noah Webster in his American Dictionary of the English Language of 1828.
Webster was a strong ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )proponent of spelling reform for reasons both philological and nationalistic.Many spelling changes proposed in the US by Webster himself，and in the early 20th century by the Simplified Spelling Board，never caught on.Among the advocates of
spelling refo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rm in England，the influences of those who preferred the Norman (or Anglo French) spellings of certain words proved decisive.Subsequent spelling adjustments in the UK had little effect on present day US spelling，and vice versa(反的)．While in many cases American English deviated(偏离；脱离) in the 19th century from mainstream British spelling，on the other hand it has also often retained older forms.
The spelling system ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s of Commonwealth countries，for the most part，closely resemble the British system.In Canada，however，while most spelling is “British”，many “American” spellings are also used.Additional information on Canadian and Australian spelling is provided throughout the article.
【诱思导学】　
1．What does this passage mainly tell us
【答案】　This passage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) mainly tells us American and British English spelling differences.
2．What influenced current British English spelling
【答案】　Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language (1755)．
3．Did later spell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing adjustments in the UK have influence on present day words
【答案】　No.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●课标技能要求
初步掌握本课文中的词汇，浅层次理解课文，了解相关的背景知识。
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本课是新高二的第一课，上好 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这一课至关重要，会给学生留下非常深刻的印象。刚刚进入高二，学生对语言的学习已经有了初步的积累。通过本节的教学，让学生了解“英式英语和美式英语”的异同，为语言的学习增加更多的感性材料。进一步确定高中英语怎样学，学习方法上做些什么样的调整等。所以，上好本堂课会让学生对语言学习产生更深一步的认识。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
Step 2.Lead in
1．Do you like travelling
Have you ever been to the other countries
What do you know about Britain/American
利用多媒体播放VCD或DVD介绍美国人和英国人所说的英语，请同学们注意其中的异同。
(Ask students to speak out as many as they can.)
2．What's the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) difference between the UK and the USA？(The teacher can show the students some pictures.)
(Ask the students t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o write down the differences and check with their partner.)
Step 2.Warming up (Introduction)
1．Read two English ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )letters and decide which is written by an American.
2．Comprehend quotations about the differences.
Step 3.Fast reading
1．Help students to grasp the main idea of the text by doing the task.
2．Read the titles ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and the first sentences of each paragraph and find four ways in which British and American English are different.
……
……
●教学流程设计
导入新课。→学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱思 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )导学”(见学案第1页)。→→→→→学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。→→老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。→让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第2页)。→学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案。老师予以更正。→让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估(见学案第2页)。→老师布置作业，让学生看课本第1页并完成课本第2页1、2题和第3页3、4、5题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第3～7页)，列举出英式英语和美式英语的异同。
(对应学生用书第1页)
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读文章，然后完成下面表格(每空不超过3个词)
Items American English British English
Vocabulary automobile，1. ，gas，subway，cab car，motorway，petrol，underground，2.
Grammar 3. ...？ Have you got...？
My friend 4. My friend has just arrived.
on the team，on the weekend；5. ！ in the team，6. ；Write to me soon！
Items American English British English
Spelling 7. color，program centre，colour，8.
Pronunciation There is as much 9 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). of pronunciation within the two countries as between them.
The developm ent of English Some experts believe that the two varieties are moving 10. .
【答案】　1.freeway　2.ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xi　3.Do you have　4.just arrived　5.Write me soon　6.at the weekend　7.center　8.programme　9.variation　10.closer
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P2－3的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．The first and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) most obvious way about the differences between British and American English is
A．in spelling and pronunciation
B．only in grammar
C．of course in the vocabulary
2．“Two nations divided by a common language”implies
A．people from the two nations can't understand each other
B．the author of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) phrase thought about the differences when he wrote the sentence
C．the two nations are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) completely different in speaking the common language
3．If you turn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on CNN，you will find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with .
A．different accents
B．three accents of different countries
C．only American and Spanish accents
4．Webster is best known for .
A．his improving American written English
B．his American Dict ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ionary of the English Language first published in 1828
C．his dictionary is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) still the number one dictionary for all the students all over the world
5．According to the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )assage，we know British and American English are different in .
A．only two ways：vocabulary and pronunciation
B．the vocabulary，grammar，spelling and pronunciation
C．almost no ways
【答案】　1.C　2.B　3.A　4.B　5.B
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写
think about；vocabulary ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；accents；with a different meaning；made the remark；divided by；because of；communication；in many ways；pronunciation
British and Americ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an English are different 1 .The first and most obvious way is in the 2 .Hundreds of words，part of which are not so well known ，are not used or used 3 .Grammar and prepositions are another two areas besides spelling and 4 .American spelling seems simpler.When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw 5 that the British English and the Americans are two nations 6 a common language，he was obviously 7 the differences.But it is doubtful whether these differences are so important.Some experts believe British and American English are moving closer 8 the nonstop 9 between them.On the other hand，English is being spoken with different 10 .However，no matter how many “Englishes” there will be，the users of English will all be able to understand each other.
【答案】　1.in many ways ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　2.vocabulary　3.with a different meaning　4.pronunciation　5.made the remark　6.divided by　7.think about　8.because of　9.communication　10.accents
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．accent　　　　　A．to form or join a line of people
2．obvious B．in a steady manner
3．queue C．unclear and difficult to understand
4．confusing D．easy to notice or understand.
5．compare E．a way o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f pronouncing the words of a language that shows which country or area a person comes from
6．omit F．to be different from something in some way
7．differ G．to ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )amine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other
8．steadily H．to leave undone or leave out
【答案】　1.E　2.D　3.A　4.C　5.G　6.H　7.F　8.B
Ⅱ.短语填空
have difficulty (i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n) doing sth.；be similar to；lead to；have something in common；queue up；compare sth.with sth.；make a difference；get around
1． your answ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers those at the back of the book to see if they are right.
2．Whenever I anything，I will ask my father for advice.
3．The sea air has her health.
4．Hard work and dedication success.
5．Although Hes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter and Camilla are women in different eras，they .
6．We should in public place.
【答案】　1.Compar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e，with　2.have difficulty in doing　3.made a difference to　4.lead to　5.have something in common　6.queue up
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．America and England are two countries divided by a common language.
美国和英国是两个被共同语言分开的国家。
2．You will prefer to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American)．
你愿意乘taxi(英式)或是cab(美式)游览城市。
3．Americans use a flashlight，while for the British，it's a torch.
美国人把手电简称为“flashlight”，而英国人却叫它“torch”。
4．Users of English wil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l all be able to understand each other—wherever they are.
说英语的人无论在哪里都能够彼此了解。
5．But it has also led ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to lots of American words and structures passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.
但它也导致了大量的美语单词和结构进入英语中，以至于现在许多人认为英式英语将会消失。
Period Ⅱ　
Introduction & Reading and Speaking
(教师用书独具)
●课标技能要求
重点词汇的理解与应用。
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生学会用一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时和表示将来用法的句子和段落完成有关语言的区别表达，提高学生的书面表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以准确理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
Have you heard o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f BBC Have you heard of VOA What are the differences between BBC and VOA (通过学生非常熟悉的两档英语节目发问，引出本课的主题——英式英语与美式英语的差异。)
●教学流程设计
导入新课。→老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )查学生对学案预习的情况。→→→→→让学生完成“自我评估”(见学案第7页)。→布置作业。让学生完成课本第4页第1、2题，“课时作业”(见学案第95页)和预习Period Ⅲ(见学案第7～11页)。
(对应学生用书第3页)
1．have...in common with和……有相同之处
We have really ever ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ything in common with America nowadays，except of course，language.(教材P1) 现在我们真的在各个方面与美国都差不多，当然，语言除外。
I have nothing in common with Jane.
我和简毫无共同之处。
We had all things in common in those days.
那时我们共同分享一切东西。
have much/a lot/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )something/ everything /nothing(little)in common(with)有很多/一些/所有/几乎没有共同之处
common practice惯例
common sense常识
in common共同的，共同享有的，共同使用的
in common with和……一样；有共同之处
out of (the) common不寻常的，特殊的
In common with m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any other countries.Our country has experienced major changes over the last 30 years.
与许多别的国家一样，我国在过去的30年里经历了重大变化。
He had noticed nothing out of the common.
他没有发现异乎寻常的事。
common/ordinary/general/usual
common 意为“常见的，不足为奇的”，强调出现的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )次数频繁或范围广泛。common 还可表示“共同的，共有的”。 用于 in common (with)，意为“(与……)有共同之处，共用”。
ordinary 意为“普通的，平凡的”，强调合乎常 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )规、并不特殊。in ordinary dress 穿便服；an ordinary working day 一个普通工作日；用于 out of the ordinary，意为“不平常，非凡”。
general 意为“一般的，全体的，总(括)的”等。用于 in general，意为“总的说来，通常”等。
usual 意为“平素的，惯常的，通常的”，指经常出现而不变。用于 than usual (比平常) 和 as usual(像往常一样)。
This kind of birds is common in the countryside.
这种鸟在郊区很常见。
His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk.
他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。
This book is intended for the general reader，not for the specialist.
这本书是为一般读者写的，不是为专家写的。
As usual，he arrived early and started to work.
像往常一样，他很早就到了，并开始工作。
用common/ordinary/general/usual填空
①Such a long delay is out of the .
②We will meet at the time.
③It's a mistake quite among students.
④Children in are fond of candy.
【答案】　①ordinary　②usual　③common　④general
2．make a difference对……有影响，使……不相同
It doesn't make mu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.(教材P1)老师讲英式英语还是美式英语，这是没有多大区别的。
Exercise can make a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) big difference to your state of health.锻炼会极大地改善你的健康状况。
It doesn't m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ake much difference to me what you do/whether you go or stay.你做什么对我丝毫没有影响/你走还是留下来对我都一样。
make much/a great/a lot of difference to 对……有很大的影响
make no/little difference 对……没有影响
tell the difference between...说出……的区别
　Can you tell the difference between apes and monkeys 你能区分猿和猴子吗？
完成句子
①你的支持肯定会对我们的事业起重要作用。
Your support will certainly in our cause.www.21-cn-jy.com
②没有他，会影响你的工作吗？
Does his absence your work
【答案】　①make a difference　②make a difference to
3．get around走动；到处旅行；(谣言等)传开
...you will prefe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r to get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American)．(教材P2)
……你愿意乘taxi(英式)或是cab(美式)游览城市。
Working for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an international company，he gets around/about quite a lot.他在一家跨国公司工作，常常出差。
Rumors get around quickly.流言传播得很快。
get about＝ get around走动，到处旅行
get along设法度过，过活；相处
get away from 避免，摆脱；逃离
get back回来，归来
get down to(静下心来)认真处理
get on登上(火车、公共汽车、飞机等)；相处融洽，前进，进展
get through通过；到达；做完；接通电话
get over爬过，克服，(疾病、惊恐、损害等)恢复
How can we get away from poverty
我们怎样才能摆脱贫困？
The task isn't as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) difficult as it seems when you really get down to it.在你真正认真做这项工作时，它并不像看上去那样困难。
John has got through the examination.
约翰已经通过考试了。
用适当的介词、副词填空
①The work was getting quite well.
②Here is a difficulty for you to get .
③We need more rain to get the summer.
④We only got from our holidays yesterday.
⑤I must get business.
【答案】　①along　②over　③through　④back
⑤down to
4．Americans use ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a flashlight，while for the British，it's a torch.(教材P2)美国人把手电简称为“flashlight”，而英国人却叫它“torch”。
【句式分析】　此句中的while为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示前后两者的对比转折，连接并列句。此时要注意与however，but，yet在行文逻辑方面的不同，后者表示行文意义上的转折。
Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
有些人浪费粮食，而有些人却吃不饱。
The walls are green，while the ceiling is white.
墙是绿色的，而天花板是白色的。
①while作从属连词，意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。此时的主句动作发生在从句动作的过程中，while从句谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
② while作从属连词，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于although，引导让步状语从句，从句通常位于句首。
③在while，when，if ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，until，unless，though等引导的状语从句中，如果其主语和主句中的主语一致，且谓语含有be 动词或为it is (was)形式时，可省去从句中的主语和be动词。
④从句中的主语和谓语动词是主动关系时常用动词 ing形式，从句中的主语和谓语动词是被动关系时，则用动词 ed形式。
While/When she was listening to the radio，she fell asleep.她听着收音机睡着了。
While he loves his stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents，he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生，可他对他们很严格。
If(it is)necessary ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，you should turn to your parents for help.如果有必要，你应该向父母求助。
He won't come unless (he is) invited.
除非受到邀请，他才肯来。
【提示】　①只有当主句和从句的主语一致时，才能出现省略。②从句中若有it be时，也可省略。
【对接高考】
(2012·四川高考)A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t school，some students are active some are shy，yet they can be good friends with each other.
A．while　　　　　 B．although
C．so D．as
【解析】　句意：在学校里 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，有些学生很活跃，而有些很害羞，但是他们互相能成为很好的朋友。while表示两者的对比，符合语境。although虽然，引导让步状语从句，so因此，表示因果关系；as由于，当……时，引导原因状语从句或时间状语从句。
【答案】　A
翻译句子
①我对音乐感兴趣，而我哥哥却对体育感兴趣。
②我们正在谈话时，他进来了。
③虽然我承认他的优点，我还是能看到他的缺点。
【答案】　①I am fond of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) music while my brother is fond of sports.　②While we were talking，he came in.2-1-c-n-j-y
③While I admit his good point，I can see his shortcomings.
5．confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的
Sometimes the same ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )word has a slightly different meaning，which can be confusing.(教材P2)
有时，同一个单词的意思有稍微的不同，这令人迷惑。
The instructions on the box are very confusing.
盒子上的使用说明令人费解。
I am mixed up about these confusing directions.
我被这些混乱的指示弄糊涂了。
①confused adj.困惑的，烦恼的，混杂的，分辨不出的
②confuse vt.混乱，狼狈，困惑
confuse A with/and B; be confusing A with/and B分不清A和B【版权所有：21教育】
You must be confusing me with someone else.
你肯定是把我错当作另一个人了。
I'm always confusing wheat with/and Chinese leek.
我总分不清小麦和韭菜。
完成句子
①这些使用说明太让人费解了。你能帮我看一下吗？
The instructions .Could you help me with them，please
②这问题太难，我们感到困惑。
The question is so hard，and we .
【答案】　①are terribly confusing　②are getting confused
6．compare vt.& vi.比较，对照
Prepositions，too，can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be different：compare on the team，on the weekend (American) with in the team，at the weekend (British)．(教材P2) 介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下on the team，on the weekend(美式)和in the team，at the weekend(英式)。
Let's compare the translation with the original.
让我们把译文和原文比较一下。
He compared the girl to the moon in the poem.
他在诗中把那姑娘比作月亮。
compare A with B　拿A和B比较
compare A to B把　A比作B
compared with/to...　和……相比
　This road is quite busy compared to/with ours.
与我们那条路相比，这条路很繁忙。
Social life in a vi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llage cannot be compared with that of a large city.乡村的社会生活不能和大城市的相比。
compare to/compare with
compare to 意思是“把……比做”，表示不同类的人或物之间的相比或比喻。
compare with 意思是“与……比较”，表示同类的人或事物之间的比较；有时to可代替with.
Please don't always compare me with others.
不要总把我和别人比。
Compared to/with many women，she was indeed fortunate.
和许多妇女相比，她的确是幸运的。
The teacher compares his books to friends.
老师把书比作是他的朋友。
教师备课资源 beyond compare无与伦比
comparison n．比较
by/in comparison with与……相比
compare opinions/notes with 和……交换看法
单项填空
the size of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A．Compare to　　　 B．When comparing with
C．Comparing to D．When compared with
【解析】　本题为一省略句，补充 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )完整为：When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.When引导的时间状语从句可以省略，如果主、从句前后主语一致，从句在省略主语的同时，也省去be动词(is)，自然成了When compared，过去分词compared与后面的主语ocean之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，是“被比较”，A、B、C是“比较”主谓关系，明显错，再者compare with为同类人或物之间的比较，而compare to是不同类人或物的比较，是“把……比做……”的意思。
【答案】　D
7．differ vi.不一致；不同，有区别
They differ widely in their opinions.
他们的意见分歧很大。
That is where we differ.这是我们的分歧所在。
①differ about (on)　可表示对某问题有异议
differ from 不同于；和……不同；和……意见不一致
differ in...在某方面有异议
differ with sb.(on/about/over sth.)
不同意(某人)或某种意见
②be different from 与……不同
　His view of life is different from yours.
他的人生观与你的不同。
Customs differ in different countries.
Customs differ among different nations.
Customs differ with countries.
Customs differ from country to country.
各国的风俗差别很大。
完成句子
①他的观点与其父母大相径庭。
His views considerably those of his parents.
②这两双鞋颜色不同，大小却一样。
The two pairs of shoes colour but not size.
③我和菲尔在许多事情上意见不一致。
I Phil on many things.
【答案】　①differ，from　②differ；in　③differ with
单项填空
④People greatly differ their views of life.
A．from B．in
C．at D．to
【解析】　differ in在…… 方面不同。
【答案】　B
8．be similar to与……相似
The accent，which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is most similar to British English，can be heard on the East Coast of the US.(教材P2)这种口音和英国英语非常相似，可以在美国东海岸被听到。
My opinions are similar to his.我的看法跟他的相似。
She has a dictionary similar to mine.
她有一本和我的类似的词典。
be similar in 在……方面相似，和……差不多
similarly adv.相似地；类似地
similarity n．相似；类似
　We are somewhat similar in taste.
我们的口味有点相似。
I am wrong.Similarly，you are to blame.
我错了。同样地，你也该受到谴责。
The similarity ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) between the two stories suggests Lowry wrote them both.两个故事类似，表明两篇都是洛利写的。
完成句子
①这本小说的主题和那本小说的差不多。
The theme of this novel of that novel.
②保罗和他哥哥长得很像。
Paul appearance to his brother.
【答案】　①is similar to that　②is very similar in
单项填空
③Our bodies are streng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thened by taking exercise. ，our minds are developed by learning.
A．Probably B．Likely
C．Similarly D．Generally
【解析】　根据句意和前后两句表示类比，只有C项Similarly“相似地；同样地”，修饰整个句子，符合句意。
【答案】　C
9．remark n．谈论，评论
When the Irish writer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language，he was obviously thinking about the differences.(教材P2)
当爱尔兰作家萧伯纳讲那句名言——英国和美国是被两种语言分开的两个国家的时候，他显然想到了它们的差别。
They made rude remarks about her appearance.
他们对她的外表横加粗暴的评论。
Ellen later regretted ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her remarks about his private affairs.艾伦为自己对于他私事的评论感到后悔。
This is a nice report worthy of special remark.
这是一篇值得特别注意的正面报道。
①have/make a remark upon/on/about/at 谈论，就……发表意见
make no remark 不加评论
②remark vt.谈到；评论；说(that) vi.(＋on/upon)议论；评论
remark about/on/upon v．评伦，谈论
③remarkable adj.卓越的；非凡的；值得注意的
　The editor remarked that article was well written.
编者评论说那篇文章写得很好。
They remarked on/upon the quality of the new product.他们在讨论新产品的质量。
He showed remar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kable courage when he faced the danger.他在面对危险的时候表现出非凡的勇气。
【提示】　remark用作及物动词时接名词、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )代词或that从句作宾语，可用于被动结构。用作不及物动词时，可与介词on，onto连用，表示“就……发表评论”。
完成句子
①他有说幽默话的习惯。
He had a habit of .
②一家地方报纸评论说犯罪案件在减少。
A local newspaper crime was on the decrease.
【答案】　① making humorous remarks　②remarked that
10．have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
A Londoner ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.(教材P2) 伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。
I know what I want to say but I have difficulty in putting it across.
我知道我想说什么，但我觉得难以表达清楚。
I always have difficulty in pronouncing new words.
在新单词的发音上我总是有困难。
have much/ so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me/little/ no difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth.做……有很大/一些/很少/没有困难
have difficulty/trouble/problem with sth.在……方面有困难
have a hard/ good time (in) doing sth.做某事经历困难/愉快的时光
have fun (in)doing sth.做某事很高兴、开心
have fun玩得开心
The students have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )great difficulty with this type of sentence.学生们对这种类型的句子感到困难。
We had a good time (in) playing tennis.
我们打网球打得很开心。
The children have fun in playing hide and seek.
孩子们从捉迷藏中找到了乐趣。
【提示】　若①difficulty后跟名词时，介词in改成with。
②difficulty指“困难，艰难，做事的状态，处境”时为不可数名词；而具体指“某个难题，困难事”时，为可数名词。
单句改错
①He often helps me with maths when I have difficulty in it.
②I'm sure I'll have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fun to do such things and I'll gain more which I cannot learn from school.
【答案】　①in→with　②to do→(in) doing
完成句子
③一个人可能在语言发展上有困难。
One person may language development.
【答案】　③have difficulty with
单项填空
④You can hardly imagine the difficulty the man had smoking.
A．given up B．giving up
C．to give up D．give up
【解析】　这是have diffi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )culty in doing sth.短语的一个变形运用，the difficulty是先行词，the man had是定语从句，空格处需要填in doing这个结构，故答案为B。
【答案】B
11．This non stop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )communication，the experts think，has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.(教材P3)专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使英国人和美国人彼此理解起来更加容易。
made it easier ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for British people and Americans to understand each other”是“make＋宾语十宾补”结构的一种特殊形式，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的不定式短语。当宾语较长，且宾语后有补语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放到补语后面。
We must make it a duty to protect our common global environment.
我们必须让保护我们共同的地球环境成为一种责任。
The rain made it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) more difficult for us to finish the work on time.大雨使我们更难按时完成工作。
“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”是一个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常用句式。如果make后的宾语是不定式或that从句或动名词，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，这时往往把形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，把真正的宾语放在后面。与make用法相同的常用动词还有：find，feel，think，consider等。
该句型为：make/find/ fe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )el/think/consider＋it＋adj./n.＋ that clause/(for sb.)to do sth.
We found it diffi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cult to explain to him what happened.我觉得向他解释清楚发生了什么事情很困难。
We think it not right that a child should be left alone in the house.
我们认为把孩子独自一个人留在家里是不对的。
【对接高考】
(2012·四川高考)New tec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hnologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
A．that B．this
C．one D．it
【解析】　句意：新的技术已经可以更 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )快地、更低成本地生产新产品。本题考查it的用法。不定式短语to turn out...在句中是真正的宾语，空格处为形式宾语，故用it。其余选项均不作形式宾语。
【答案】　D
翻译句子
①我发现学好英语是必要的。
②他感觉帮助别人是他的职责。
【答案】　①I find ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it necessary to learn English well.　②He feels it his duty to help others.
12．lead to引起；导致；通向
But it has al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )so led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.(教材P3)但它也导致了大量的美语单词和结构进入英式英语中，以至于现在许多人认为英式英语将会消失。
Such a mistake ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )would perhaps lead to disastrous results.这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。
All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
lead sb.to＋ someplace带领某人到某地
lead to sb./sth.doing sth.使得某人/某物做某事
lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事
lead the way带头；先行
lead a happy life过着幸福的生活
The dog led the blind man to go across the road.
这条狗领着盲人过了马路。
This street leads you to the station.
你沿着这条街就可以到达车站。
His carelessness led to him failing in the exam.
他的粗心导致他考试不及格。
【提示】　lead to结构中的to为介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词作宾语。
含介词to的常用短语
教师备课资源 look forward to盼望 turn to求助于；转向；翻到
pay attention to注意 stick to坚持
get down to开始认真干 object to反对
belong to属于 refer to谈到，涉及，参阅
point to指向 see to处理，料理
come to共计；苏醒 reply to答复
agree to同意 add to增加
devote ...to...贡献……给 compare...to... 把……比作……
完成句子
①我们的英语老师有一种奇特的方法能促使我们很活跃地学习英语。
Our English teach ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er has a strange way of study English actively.
②过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
Too much work and too little rest often illness.　　21*cnjy*com
③是什么使你得出这个结论的？What the conclusion
【答案】　①leading us to　②lead to　③led you to
Period Ⅲ Integrating Skills & Grammar
(教师用书独具)
●课标技能要求
重点词汇的理解与语法的掌握。
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够准确运用动词的一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时和现在完成时。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。→老师检查上堂课所布置的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。→→→→→老师对语法部分给以点拨。让学生掌握本模块语法知识。→让学生完成“当堂双基达标”(见学案第11页)。→师生共同讨论“当堂双基达标”并给出答案，并对难以理解的或有争议的地方给出详解。→自我评估(见学案第11页)。→
(对应学生用书第7页)
1．get on上车，上马；进展，使前进； 穿上(衣服等)；继续做，进行下去
How are you getting on (教材P7)你近来怎么样？
We're getting on mu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch better now though we don't live together.尽管我们不住在一起我们相处更好了。
We can't get on without their help.
没有他们的帮助，我们没法过下去。
Cut the chatter and get on with your work!
别唠唠叨叨了，继续工作吧。
Don't let me stop you，do get on!
别让我打断你工作，继续干吧！
get out of(使)逃避；避免；摆脱
get over痊愈，康复；克服(困难)等
get off下车；出发
get through到达；做完；通过；打通
get back回来；取回
get away逃脱；离开，出发；把……带走，送走
get into进入；陷入；养成(习惯)
get down to开始，着手
get in收割；收获；被接受(入学)；当选
用适当的介词、副词填空
①He has been trying for years to get that club.21cnjy.com
②It took me a long time to get my cold.
③I don't know how they get these cold winters.
④I am surprised at how well you all get .
⑤Jason saw me and got the horse immediately.
【答案】　①in　②over　③through　④on　⑤off
2．pick up拿起；接载；驾车迎接(某人)；康复；(偶然)学得；结识；加速；接收；收听(广播)
If Callum picked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) up the local accent he started to use it.(教材P7)如果卡勒姆“学会”当地口音，他开始使用它。
She soon pic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ked up French when she went to live in France.她到法国居住后很快就学会了法语。 21教育名师原创作品
He picked up the child and put her on his shoulders.
他抱起孩子让她骑在自己的肩膀上。
The children picked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up many sea shells at the sea shore.孩子们在海边捡到了许多贝壳。
pick out挑选出；了解；领会
pick on挑选；选中；批评
pick and choose挑三拣四，仔细挑选
pick sth.from sth.从……摘下(剔去); 从……捡起
I have picked out the bad tomatoes from the basket.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
我把篮子里的坏西红柿拣出来。
The examiners ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n pick on any student to answer questions.主考者可挑选任何学生来回答问题。
He was never one to pick and choose.
他从来不挑三拣四。
She picked some flowers from the garden.
她从花园里摘了一些鲜花。
教师备课资源 pick and steal 扒窃
pick apart 把……撕成碎片，拆散
pick at 扯，拉
pick off摘去
pick over挑出来
pick with偶然和(某人)相识
【高考链接】
(2012·四川高考) It's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) surprising that your brother Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.21世纪教育网版权所有
A．picked up　　　　　　　B．looked up
C．put up D．made up
【解析】　句意：令人惊奇 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的是，你的弟弟如此快就学会说俄语了——他在那儿生活的时间并不长。本题考查动词短语辨析。pick up意为“(无意之间、偶然地)学会”；look up意为“(在书籍中)查找”；put up意为“张贴；搭建”；make up意为“构成；编造”。
【答案】　A
写出下列句子中pick up的意思
①She was ill for a long time but is picking up now.21教育网
②My old car only picks up speed going down a hill.
③The taxi stopped to pick up the person waiting there.
④I managed to pick up the news over the radio.
⑤When living in England，he picked up some English.
【答案】　①康复　②加速　③接载　④接收(节目)　⑤偶然学会
3．wear off逐渐减少，逐渐消失
If Callum's Ame ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rican accent has worn off，it has disappeared.(教材P7)如果卡勒姆的美国口音消失了，那就失去了他的特点。
The brightness of the paint has worn off a little.
油漆的光泽有些磨损了。
Your sorrow will wear off in time.
日子久了，你的悲哀是会逐渐消失的。
wear out用旧；穿破；使累垮
wear away 磨损；消磨；流逝
wear down磨损；使疲劳；使厌烦
He wore out two pairs of shoes last year.
去年他穿坏了两双鞋。
The steps had b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een worn away by the feet of thousands of visitors.成千上万的参观者把台阶踏得磨损了。
The inscription has worn away.那碑文被磨平消失了。
完成句子
①痛苦正逐渐减少。
The pain is .
②辛苦的工作使我筋疲力尽。
I'm by the hard work.
【答案】　①wearing off　②worn down/out
4．I'm getting on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )just fine，now that I understand the local accent.(教材P7)由于我懂得当地方言，所以一切都很顺利。
now that属于连词词组，引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”，相当于since。
Now that I am well again，I can go on with my work.
既然我恢复了健康，就可以继续工作了。
Now that everyone is here，let's begin now.
既然大家都来了，咱们就开始吧。
英语中原因状语从句引导词还有：
①because表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的语气最强。回答以why引导的特殊疑问句，只能用because。意为“因为”。
②since表示对方已经知道，无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because稍弱。意为“既然”。
③as往往表示十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看出来，语气较弱，比较口语化。as引起的句子一般放在句首。意为“由于”。
④ for也可表示原因，它表示的原因用来作附加说明，为前面的事实提供一种推断的理由。for引起的句子一般放于句末。
I do it because I like it.我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
We must start early， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for it will take two hours to drive to the airport.
我们得早点动身，因为开车去机场得花两个小时。
Since it is so hot，let's go swimming.
既然天气这么热，我们去游泳吧。
用because/since/now that/as/for填空
①—Why were you absent from school last week
— my mother was ill.
② you fee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l uncomfortable，you'd better not drive to do business.
③It must have rained last night， the ground is wet.
④ you weren't there，I left a message.
【答案】　①Because　②Since/Now that　③for　④As
5．in favour of赞同；支持
Now add some more ideas in favour of your chosen variety.(教材P8)
现在再增加一些观点来支持你选择的(英语)变体。
No matter what you do，I am in favour of you.
无论你做什么，我都支持你。
All the classmates ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )were in favour of my idea that we should go for an outing the next week.
所有同学都同意我提出的下周郊游的建议。
in one's favour对……有利
do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙
ask sb.a favour＝ ask a favour of sb.请求某人帮忙
Can I ask you a favour？可以请你帮个忙吗？
Could you do me a favour and turn off the light
劳您的驾，请把那盏灯关掉好吗？
教师备课资源 常见类似结构的短语：in praise of 赞扬in honor of 为了纪念……；为向……表示敬意in defence of 为了保卫……；拥护……in support of 为支持……in search of 为了寻找……
　【对接高考】
(2011·湖北高考)When aske ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d about their opinions about the schoolmaster，many teachers would prefer to see him step aside younger men.www-2-1-cnjy-com
A．in terms of B．in need of
C．in favour of D．in praise of
【解析】　考查介词短语辨析。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句意：在被问到他们对校长的看法时，很多老师说他们宁愿看到他让贤于更年轻的人。句中的step aside表示“让位，让开”，后面接介词短语in favour of表示这些老师更赞成起用更年轻的人。其他介词短语的主要含义：A.就……而言；B.需要；D.表扬，称赞。
【答案】　C
完成句子
①你能帮忙把那支铅笔递给我吗？
Could you hand me that pencil，please
②他说他赞成这个计划，我们其他人也这么说。
He said he was the plan and so did the rest of us.【出处：21教育名师】
③ 我们顺风。The wind is .
【答案】　①do me a favour to　②in favour of　③ in our favour
　
观察下列从文中选取的句子，体会不同时态的用法。
①The British ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) say Have you got...？while Americans prefer Do you have...
②Many factors have influenced American pronunciation.
③Some experts believ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e that the two varieties are moving closer together.
④Some people now believe that British English will disappear.
⑤In the future，there are going to be many “Englishes”.
⑥Look! The man is filling his automobile with gas.
[自我总结]
1．一般现在时常用来表示：
①经常发生的动作、 行为　②用于时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来
2．现在进行时常用来表示：
①现在 的动作 ②与always连用表语气
3．现在完成时常用来强调：
① 的动作对现在造成的影响 ②动作已开始并持续到
【答案】　1.习惯性；将来　2.正在进行　3.过去发生；现在
动词的时态(Ⅰ)
一、一般现在时
1．表示经常发生的动作、习惯性行为，表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )示现状、特征或真理、永恒的客观事实。一般现在时常用下列副词或短语来作时间状语：often，usually，always，sometimes，seldom，every day (week，year，night)，twice a month等。
My neighbor does outdoor exercises every morning.
我邻居每天清晨都去户外锻炼。(经常发生的动作)
He is very happy.他很幸福。(现在的状态)
I often visit my teachers.
我经常看望我的老师。(经常发生的动作)
The teacher told us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that the earth moves around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。(客观事实，故不受主句时态的限制)
Pride goes before a fall.骄必败。(谚语)
2．在复合句中，当描述将来的事情时，条件状语从句、时间状语从句和让步状语从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时。
If you are free this Sunday，we'll go for a picnic.
如果你这个星期天有空的话，我们就去野餐。
When she arrives，I'll let you know.
她一来我就告知你。
Though the work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is very difficult，we will never give up.虽然工作艰难，但我们永远不会放弃。
3．表示一个按计划、规定、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )安排要发生的动作，或者当表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，谓语动词要用一般现在时，但这仅限于go，come，leave，arrive，start，begin，return等少数动词。
The train from Sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anghai arrives at 5：30 this afternoon.从上海方向来的火车今天下午五点半到达。
The shop opens ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) at 7：30 a．m.and closes at 9：30 p．m..这家商店上午七点半开门，晚上九点半关门。
4．表示状态和感觉的动词，如be，like，hate，think，remember，find，sound等常用一般现在时。
I like English very much.我非常喜欢英语。
The story sounds interesting.这故事听起来很有趣。
二、现在进行时
现在进行时由am/is/are＋ doing构成。
1．表示说话时正在进行的动作。
What are you talking about now 你们正在谈论什么？
Look，they are playing football.看，他们正在踢足球。
2．表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但不一定在说话时正在进行，或表示正在发展、变化的情况。
The population of the world is increasing.
世界人口正在不断增长。
The leaves are turning yellow.树叶发黄了。
3．在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在进行时代替将来进行时。
If I am sleeping when he comes，wake me up，please.
如果他来时我正在睡觉，请叫醒我。
4．句中若有always，all th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e time，constantly，forever等词或词组时，用进行时描述一个频繁发生的动作，相当于“老是……”，表示说话人的赞赏、责备、厌恶等感情。
He's always thinking of others.
他总是想着他人。(赞赏)
He's always working hard.他总是用功学习。(赞赏)
She is forever criticizing me.她老是批评我。(厌恶)
He is constantly leaving things about.
他总是把东西乱扔。(责备)
5．进行时同某些心理状态动词(如hope， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )want，wonder，think，feel，understand等)相结合，可体现说话者的踌躇、谦逊、委婉的表达方式和礼貌待人。
I'm hoping you can come and have supper with me.
我希望你能来跟我一起吃晚饭。
I am wonderi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng if you'd like to come out with me tonight.我想知道你今晚是否能同我出去玩玩。
三、现在完成时
由have/has(has用于单数第三人称作主语)＋过去分词构成，现在完成时的使用有两种情况。
1．过去做的事情，强调对现在有影响，句中没有过去的时间状语。
—Have you bought the dictionary ——你买字典了吗？
—Yes，I have.——是的，我买了。
—When did you buy it ——你是什么时候买的？
—Yesterday afternoon.——昨天下午。
2．现在完成时所表示的动作从过去开始，持续到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )现在，也许还会继续下去。常用时间状语有：for，since引起的短语，so far，already，yet，just，today，now，recently，lately，this week，this month，this year，these days，during/in the last/past few years，It is the first time that从句中，疑问词how long引导的疑问句中，还有ever，never，before等。
Great changes h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave taken place in our hometown in the past three years.
在过去的三年中，我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。
He has studied English for four years.
他学英语已经四年了。
I have lived here since 1993.
自从一九九三年以来我一直住在这儿。
3．瞬间动词和延续性动词在完成时中的使用。
(1)表示能够延续的情况或动作的动词叫做 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )延续性动词。如：live，study，learn，teach，work，be，have(有)，know，walk，sleep，wait等。这类动词在完成时中可与表示一段时间的状语或连词、疑问词连用。如for，since，how long等。
(2)瞬间动词也叫非延续性、终止 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )性、结束性动词，表示动作的结果或表示短暂性、一次性的动作。如close，leave，buy，join，become，begin，fall(掉下)，come，go，see，hear等。这类动词可以用于完成时，但在一般情况下，不能加上表示一段时间的状语或疑问词。
他已经离开一星期了。
误：He has left for a week.
正：He left a week ago.
正：He has been away for a week.
他离开多久了？
误：How long has he left
正：How long has he been away
4．注意现在完成时在下列句型中的使用。
(1)当有一个表示“迄今 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为止”含义的短语作状语时，一定要用现在完成时。这类短语常见的有so far，up till now，up to now，up to the present，until now，as yet等。
So far I have read only 50 pages.
到目前为止我才读了50页。
(2)当表示“最近的过去”的词语作状 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语时，多用现在完成时。这类词语常见的有in the last/past few years/weeks/days，for the last/past few years/weeks/days，recently，lately，these few days等。
I've only recently begun to learn Chinese.
我只是最近才开始学中文的。
He hasn't had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anything to eat for the last twelve hours.在过去的12个小时里他什么都没吃。
(3)当用all day，all this ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) year，all one's life，this morning/afternoon/week...这类表示一段时间的短语作状语，而且这段时间还没过去，仍包含现在时间在内时，要用现在完成时。
My father has repaired two bicycles this morning.
今天上午爸爸修了两辆自行车。(说话时仍是上午)
My parents hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e lived in that small town all their lives.我父母一生都住在那个小镇里。(说话时父母仍健在)
(4)下列句型的从句中要用现在完成时：
It (This/That) is the first/second...time ( that)．..
It ( This/That) is the only/the first/the best (that)．..
It is the third time she has been to Beijing this year.
这是她今年第三次去北京了。
This is the best beer that I have ever drunk.
这是我所喝过的最好的啤酒。
This is the onl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y party that I've ever really enjoyed in my life.这是我一生中唯一的一次真正玩得开心的聚会。
It is the most interesting story I've heard about.
这是我听过的最有趣的故事。
四、一般将来时
一般将来时表示未来的动作或存在的状态，其表达形式有以下几种：
1．用shall或will＋动词原形 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。shall仅用于第一人称，即I，we作主语时。will用于所有人称(包括第一人称)，表示将来，动作可能发生在将来任何时刻。
If time permits，we shall/will visit the zoo.
如果时间允许的话，我们将参观动物园。
I shall be back in half an hour.我半小时后回来。
There will be a rock concert at the weekend.
周末将有一场摇滚音乐会。
2．be going to＋动词原形，表示即将发生的事情或近期准备、打算做某事。此结构也可用于表示必然或很可能发生的事。
I'm going to meet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Mr.Smith at the airport at 8：30 tonight.今晚八点半我将在机场接史密斯先生。
3．某些瞬间动词可用现在时和进行时表示按计 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )划即将发生的动作，如动词come，go，leave，arrive，start，stay，move等。
She's leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
她明天将动身去上海。
How long are you staying in Beijing
你在北京将待多长时间？
4．be (just) about to＋动词原形，表示即将发生的事。常译为“刚要……，就要……”。
There goes the bell.The film is about to begin.
铃响了，电影马上就要开始了。
I was about to go out when the phone bell rang.
我正要出去，这时电话铃响了。
(对应学生用书第11页)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·北京高考)Our ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )friendship quickly over the weeks that followed.
A．had developed　　　　　B．was developing
C．would develop D．developed
【解析】　考查动词时态。描述在过去阶段发生的动作，强调状态，用一般过去式。
【答案】　D
2．(2012·北京高考)By the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) time you have finished this book，your meal cold.
A．gets B．has got
C．will get D．is getting
【解析】　考查动词时态。by the time 后接现在时，表示将来之前发生的动作，故用将来时。
【答案】　C
3．(2012·江西高考)—Look! Somebody the sofa.
—Well，it wasn't me.I didn't do it.
A．is cleaning B．was cleaning
C．has cleaned D．had cleaned
【解析】　从后面的回答可以看出事 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情已经完成了，前面一句是着重谈对现在的影响，用现在完成时态。句意：—看，有人已经清理了沙发。—嗯，不是我，我没有做。
【答案】　C
4．(2012·江苏高考)The p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )resident hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he .
A．has started B．starts
C．started D．will start
【解析】　考查动词时态—— ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一般过去时。句意：这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。根据句意，总统开始上任是过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时。故选C项。
【答案】　C
5．(2012·上海高考) Is hones ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ty the best policy We that it is when we are little.
A．will teach B．teach
C．are taught D．will be taught
【解析】　考查动词时态。讲的是客观事实，用一般现在时。句意：诚实是上上之策？我们从小就被这样教导过。
【答案】　C
6．(2012·浙江高考)Peter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )had intended to take a job in business，but that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.
A．had abandoned B．abandoned
C．abandon D．will abandon
【解析】　考查动词时态—一般过去时。根据b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut提示，是并列句，故前后时态一致。与had intended相呼应，可知此空应在表示过去时的范围选择，由此排除C、D选项。且abandon动作只是陈述了过去所发生的一件事而已，没有在intend之前，故排除A选项(过去的过去)，由此可知答案B符合文意。一般过去时表示对过去所发生的一件事情的简单陈述。
【答案】　B
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He always (sleep) with the window open.
2．When they (leave) school，they will go to the college.
3．He (come) to see you the day after tomorrow.
4．He failed in the exa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m; he knew he (fail) when we looked at the test paper.
5．His sister (leave) for Hong Kong tomorrow.
6．I (hope) you'll give us some suggestions.
7．—Where is your sister
—She isn't in.She (go) shopping.
8．The room (paint) by Tom himself.
9．I will not believe you until I (see)it with my own eyes.
10．Ask Tom to come back.Dinner ( be) ready soon.
【答案】　1.sleeps 　2.le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave　3.will come　4.was going to fail/had failed　5.is leaving　6.am hoping/hope　7.has gone 　8.is being painted/was painted　9.see/have seen　10.will be
Period ⅣCultural Corner & Writing
(教师用书独具)
●课标技能要求
掌握本课文中的词汇，理解 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )课文，熟练掌握用英语表达“给出理由”的用法，深度理解“英式英语和美式英语”背景知识，并就“给出理由”的话题进行英语表达。
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文，了解英语变化和相关改革变化的背景。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法和给出学生认为合理的建议。
(5)掌握说明文的写作要领。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是根据课文提供的材料，让学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生在充分领会课文的基础上，更进一步了解英语的改革变化。进一步学习说明文的写作方法。说明文是高考作文中常见的一个体裁。说明文的写法在高考中占有相当重要的地位。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
我们都生活在一个科技飞速发展 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的时代，对于外语的学习要求也在提高，所以多了解英语的语言背景对于我们学好语言有着很大的帮助。那么我们就通过对本文的学习，了解更多的英语语言背景，通过英语语言异同的对比，从而辨认不同类别英语的拼写与使用。
●教学流程设计
检查上堂课所布置的作业。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )→导入新课。→→学生就学案中的问题相互交换意见。老师指导学生统一答案。→→→学生完成“要点讲练”部分(见学案第12～14页)。→→学生完成“写作提升”部分(见学案第14页)。然后利用本学案的“写作提升”，逐步掌握说明文的写作要领。→自我评估(见学案第14页，课本第8页)。→让学生做“课时作业”(见学案第97页)。 →老师布置作业：让学生课下做“模块归纳提升”部分(见学案第15页)和Workbook 第67页Using words and Expressions第1、2、3、4题，第68页第6 题。
(对应学生用书第11页)
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P9课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．In English the spelling of words often represents the sounds.(　　)
2．Noah Webst ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er graduated from Yale University and fought for the British in the American War of Independence.(　　)21·cn·jy·com
3．Noah Webster's work， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the Elementary Spelling Book，was one of the most popular school books ever.(　　)
4．Noah Webster sugg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ested simplifying the spelling of English words.(　　)
5．Webster introduced l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ots of new American words and new spelling in The Elementary Spelling Book.(　　)
【答案】　1.T　2.F　3.T　4.T　5.F
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P9的Cultural Corner部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Which of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e following can replace the word “represent” in the first paragraph
A．Stand for.　　　B．Present.　　　C．Take.
2．What can we know about Noah Webster in the text
A．He graduated from Yale University in 1788.
B．He once worked as a lawyer.
C．He fought against the British in the American War of Independence.
3．Which word can replace the word “adopt” in Paragraph Four
A．take. B．adapt. C．make.
4．Which is TR ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )UE about the American Dictionary of the English Language
A．It first appeared in 1818.
B．The British also like it very much.
C．It introduced lots of new American words.
【答案】　1.A　2.C　3.A　4.C
(对应学生用书第12页)
1．attempt n．&vt. 企图，尝试； 攻击；试图攻占
Can you see any simila ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rities between Webster's work and attempts to simplify Chinese (教材P9) 你能看到韦伯斯特的工作和试图简化汉语有任何相似性吗？
He studied hard in an attempt to pass the exam.
他努力学习试图通过考试。
The enemy failed in t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )heir attempt to land on the island.敌人在岛上登陆的企图失败了。
We'll attempt at solving /to solve the problem.
我们将努力解决这个问题。
①attempt＋n.尝试某事，企图某事
attempt at (doing) sth.试图做某事
attempt to do sth.尝试做某事，试图做某事
②make an attempt试图做某事
at one's first attempt在某人第一次尝试时
He made an attempt at escaping from jail.
他试图越狱逃跑。
They made an attempt on a fortress.
他们试图夺取这一要塞。
I attempted to get in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) touch with her but without success.我试图和她联系，但未成功。
attempt to do/try to do/manage to do
attempt to do 较try to do更正式，暗含不成功的意味。
try to do 常用语，意为“尽力(去)做”，强调动作。
manage to do 设法(去)做成，强调结果，指成功做到
完成句子
①他们试图在七月以前完成这项任务。
They finish the task before July.
②他试图打破世界纪录。
He the world record.
③她尝试写诗失败了。
Her poetry was a failure.
【答案】　①attempted to　②m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ade an attempt on/attempted to break　③ attempt at/on/ to write
单句改错
④Bill failed in his try to win the first prize.
⑤Though poor，the mother had attempted to send him to school.
【答案】　④try→ attempt　⑤attempted→managed
2. In English the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )spelling of words does not always represent the sound.(教材P9) 在英语中，单词的拼写并不总是代表其发音。
not always表示部分否定。英 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语中一些表示“全体，完全”意义的词(如all，every，everybody，everything，both，always等)与否定副词never/not连用表示部分否定。
His deeds do not always agree with his words.
他的言行并非总是一致。
部分否定与全部否定
部分否定 全部否定
两者 both....not/not both并非两者都 neither两者都不
两者以上 all not/not all并非所有……都every not/not every并非每一个……都the whole...not/not the whole并非全部都 none/not....any没有一个nobody/no one没有人nothing没有任何事物
All are not friends that speak us fair.
说我们好话的并非都是朋友。
Both of the sisters are not here.并非两姐妹都在这里。
Neither of the sisters is/are here.两姐妹都不在这里。
I don't know all of them.他们我并不全都认识。
I don't know any of them.他们我一个也不认识。
【对接高考】
(2012·课标全国卷)L ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but of them wants to，because they have work to do.
A．either　　　　　　　　　B．any
C．neither D．none
【解析】　句意：Larry 让Bill ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和Peter跟他一起去野餐，但是他们俩都不想去，因为他们有工作要做。本题考查不定代词。根据表转折关系的but及后面的内容可知，空格处应该表示否定，故排除A项和B项；neither指“两者都不”；none指“(三者或三者以上中)一个也没有”，根据语境可知此处表示两人，故排除D项。
【答案】　C
①(2012·沈阳高二检测)I agree ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) with most of what you said，but I don't agree with .
A．everything B．anything
C．something D．nothing
【解析】　句意：你说的我大部分都同意，但我不是什么都同意。not...everything表示部分否定，意为“不是什么都……”。
【答案】　A
②The novel is well worth but the students have read it.
A．to be read; not all B．to be read；all not
C．reading; not all D．reading；all not
【解析】　句意：这部小说很值得读，但并非所 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有学生都读过。sth.be worth doing某事值得做，排除A、B两项；not all表示部分否定。
【答案】　C
3．combination n．组合；结合
Combinations letter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s (like ough) may be pronounced in a number of ways.(教材P9)
字母组合(像ough)可能会有很多种发音方式。
A combination of factors led to her decision to resign.
综合各种因素之后她决定辞职。
①in combination with...与……联合起来
②combine vt.& vi.(使)结合，(使)联合
combine into...联合成……
combine...with...把……与……结合起来
The firm is worki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng on a new product in combination with several overseas partners.
公司正在联合几家海外合伙人制造新产品。
We can't always combine work with pleasure.
我们并不是总能在工作中享受到乐趣。
Efforts and confidence combine to make a full man.
努力与信心结合造就完人。
完成句子
①我们应劳逸结合。
We should rest.
②这些元素是怎样结合的我们知道得很清楚。
How these elements is clearly known to us.
【答案】　①combine work with　②are combined
4．thanks to幸亏；由于
For Americans things ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are a little bit easier，thanks to the work of Noah Webster.( 教材P9)由于诺亚·韦伯斯特的工作，对美国人来说事情更容易了一些。
It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.
多亏他的忠告我才得以成功。
Thanks to the bad weather，our journey was very uncomfortable.
由于气候恶劣，我们在旅途中感到非常不适。
表示“因为”的短语还有：
because of作状语
due to作表语、状语，一般不位于句首
owing to作表语、状语
on account of作状语
as a result of作状语
As a result o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the earthquake，many people became homeless.由于地震，很多人变得无家可归。
We don't like him because of his bad temper.
因为他的坏脾气，我们不喜欢他。
I've changed my mind due to his advice.
因为他的建议，我已经改变了主意。
Owing to a lack ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of funds，the project will not continue next year.由于缺乏资金，该项目明年将中止。
单项填空
① Pele，Brazil won the world championship for the first time.
A．Due to B．Owing to
C．Thanks to D．As to
【解析】　due to由 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于，因为；owing to由于；thanks to幸亏，归功于；as to谈到，关于。理解句意可知，巴西第一次夺得了冠军，这应该感谢贝利(多亏了贝利)。故选择C项。
【答案】　C
②(2012·银川高二检测) the new policy，we're now having a happy life.
A．Thanks to B．Because
C．As D．Thank for
【解析】　thanks to是一个固定搭配，这里用thanks to可以表示一种感激之情。
【答案】　A
翻译句子
③多亏了你的及时帮助，我们才最终准时完成了这项工作。
【答案】　Thanks to your timely help，we have finally finished it on time.
5．By the 1850s，it was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )selling one million copies a year，making it one of the most popular school books ever.(教材P9)到十九世纪五十年代，每年出售一百万册，结果使它成为最受欢迎的校园用书之一。
句中making it one ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the most popular school books ever为现在分词短语作结果状语，是由上文的原因推出的一个必然结果。此时相当于一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句：which made it one of the most popular school books ever。
Shenzhen held the 2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )6th Summer World University Games in 2011，making it better known to the world.
深圳在2011年举办了第26届大运会，让它更闻名了。
【对接高考】
(2012·山东高考)Georg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e returned after the war，only that his wife had left him.
A．to be told B．telling
C．being told D．told
【解析】　句意：乔治战后返家，结果 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )被告知他的妻子已经离开了他。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。由题干中的only从及语境可知要用不定式构成结果状语，故选A。
【答案】　A
用所给动词的适当形式填空
①I dropped a glass onto the floor， (break) it into pieces.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
②I called at his home，only (find) the door locked.
【答案】　①breaking　②to find
6．reference n. 参考，参照；涉及，提及；参考书目；介绍信　v．参考，给(书等)附参考资料2·1·c·n·j·y
Each chapter is referenced in minute detail.
每一章后面都附有极为详尽的参考资料。
This test is to be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )taken by all pupils without reference to age or grade.
这次测验的对象是全体小学生，不论年龄和年级。
Avoid any reference to his illness.千万别提起他的病。
Each chapter is re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ferenced citing literature up to 2012.每一章都附有参考书目，引用文献近至2012年。
①for reference 以供参考；备案
in/with reference to 关于
without reference to不考虑……，置……于不顾
make reference 参考；访问；查找；提及
②refer v. 参考；涉及；提到；查阅
refer to 参考；涉及；指的是；适用于
refer to...as把……称作……
完成句子
①这是一本很好的参考书。
This is a good book .
②所有这些书都是为参考而买的。
All such books were bought .
③关于这个问题我没有什么话要讲。
I have nothing to say this question.
④他在信里从未提到过他的姊妹。
He never his sisters in his letters.
⑤如果你不会拼写一个词，你应当查一下词典。
If you don't kn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow the spelling of a word，you should a dictionary.
【答案】　①of refer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ence　②for reference 　③with/in reference to　④referred to　⑤refer to
如何写介绍性说明文
说明文是文章体裁的一种，用于说明事物的特点和性能。要写好说明文，应注意以下几点：
1．准确把握介绍的对象。根据写作目的和要求，抓住事物的最主要的特点，做到有的放矢，让读者更容易了解所介绍的事物。
2．语言要求准确、简洁、贴切。写介绍类说明文，语言要通俗易懂，实事求是。
3．说明事物的过程思路要清晰，层次性强，有条理，有助于读者的理解。
[常用句式]
①It plays an increasingly important role in life.
②It is of great benefit to us.
③It has more disadvantages than advantages.
④Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
⑤This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
⑥From what has been m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )entioned above，we can come to the conclusion that.
⑦Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
⑧We have good reasons to believe that...
⑨However，everything has its two sides.
⑩Therefore，we must take some effective measure to solve it.
[题目要求]
请根以下提供的信息，写一篇120词左右的介绍英国的短文。
1．名称：the United Kingdom(UK)
2．首都：London
3．面积：224,820sp·km
4．人口：161,110,000
5．景区：Big Ben，the Tower of London，Greenwich
[思路分析]
本篇文章可以从以下几个方面入手：
1．注意时态，介绍类说明文一般用一般现在时。
2．内容要全面，语言通俗易懂。一般要介绍一个国家的地理位置、首都、人口、面积、气候、历史等。
3．说明事物的过程要思路清晰，层次要分明，并注意简繁合理。
[词汇热身]
1．位于，坐落于
2．具有……的历史
3．有……人口
4．占地……
5．有暖冬，凉爽的夏天
6．对……有很大贡献
【答案】　1.be in/on/to；be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) located in/on/to；be situated in/on/to.　2.have/with a．..history of　3.have/with a population of　4.cover/have/with an area of　5.warm winters and cool summers　6.make a great contribution to...
[句式温习]
1．……总面积为224,820平方公里。
... 224,820 sq·km.
2．英国的首都伦敦位于北大西洋西北部。
The United Kingdom， .
3．……总人口有161,110,000人。
... 161,100,000.
4．英国有温暖的冬天，凉爽的夏天，并常年有充足的降雨Britain enjoys .
5．英国有悠久的历史。The UK has .
6．英国为人类的工业化做出了很大贡献。
Britain has made great human industrialization.
【答案】　1.with a total ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )area of　2.whose capital is London，lies in the northwest of North Atlantic Ocean
3．with a total ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) population of　4.warm winters and cool summers with a lot of rainfall throughout the year　5.a long history　6.contribution to
[连句成篇]
【参考范文】
The United K ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland，commonly known as the United Kingdom，the UK or Britain，consists of England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland，with a total area of 244,820 sq·km.
The United K ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ingdom，whose capital is London，lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest of mainland Europe，with a total population of 161,110,000.Britain enjoys warm winters and cool summers with a lot of rainfall throughout the year.
The UK has a long his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tory with many famous places of interest ，such as Big Ben，the Tower of London and Greenwich.Besides，Britain is among highly industrialized countries in the world and has made a great contribution to human industrialization.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1． n．口音
2． vi.排队等候
3． vt. 比较
4． vt.省略
5． n．评论；讲话
6． n．卫星
7． n．开关
8． n．结构；体系
9． n．期；版
10． vt.陈述；提出(观点、机会等)
11． n．努力；尝试
12． adj.与众不同
13． vt.批评
14． adj.标准的
15． n．参考；查阅
【答案】　1.accent　2.queue ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　3.compare　4.omit　5.remark　6.satellite　7.switch　8.structure　9.edition　10.present　11.attempt　12.distinctive　13.criticize　14.standard　15.reference
B．词汇拓展
16． adj.令人困惑的→confuse vt.使……困惑 → adj.感觉困惑的
17．variety n．