【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语北师大版必修一教师用书Unit 3　Celebration

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Unit 3　Celebration
【美文阅读】　
伟大的母亲理应有一个正式的节日来庆祝，母亲节的诞生迎合了所有人的期盼。
History of Mother's Day
In the US Mother's D ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay is a holiday celebrated on second Sunday in May.It is a day when children honor their mothers with cards，gifts，and flowers.First observance(庆祝)in Philadelphia in 1907，it is based on suggestions by Julia Ward Howe in 1872 and by Anna Jarvis in 1907.
Although it wasn't ce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lebrated in the US until 1907，there were days honoring mothers even in the days of ancient Greece.In those days，however，it was Rhea，the Mother of the gods that was given honor.
Later，in the 1600's，i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n England there was an annual(年度的)observance called“Mothering Sunday”．It was celebrated during June，on the fourth Sunday.On Mothering Sunday，the servants，who generally lived with their employers，were encouraged to return home and honor their mothers.It was traditional for them to bring a special cake along to celebrate the occasion.
In the US，in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )1907 Ana Jarvis，from Philadelphia，began a campaign(运动)to establish a national Mother's Day.Jarvis persuaded her mother's church in Grafton，
West Virginia to ce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lebrate Mother's Day on the second anniversary of her mother's death，the 2nd Sunday of May.The next year Mother's Day was also celebrated in Philadelphia.
Jarvis and others ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) began a letter writing campaign to ministers，businessmen，and politicians in their quest to establish a national Mother's Day.They were successful.President Woodrow Wilson，in 1914，made the official announcement proclaiming Mother's Day a national observance that was to be held each year on the 2nd Sunday of May.
Many other countr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ies of the world celebrate their own Mother's Day at different times throughout the year.Denmark，Finland，Italy，Turkey，Australia，and Belgium celebrate Mother's Day on the second Sunday in May，as in the US.
【诱思导学】　
1．When is Mother's Day celebrated in the US
________________________________________________________________________
2．On Mothering Day，what did the servants do to honor their mothers
________________________________________________________________________
3．Do the cou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntries all over the world celebrate their own Mother's Day on the same day
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.It is celebr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ated on the second Sunday in May.　2.They would return home and bring a special cake along to celebrate the occasion.　3.No，they celebrate it on different days.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给内容 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的学习，了解下一课时中的新词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一节课内容的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本课时是学生进入高中阶段接触的第一个以节日庆祝为文化背景的阅读课型，上好这节课对于提升学生对各种不同文化差异性的理解起到了至关重要的作用。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
让学生讨论自己比较熟悉的中国节日，如春节或中秋节等，循序渐进地导入本课话题。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　
(见学生用书第52页)
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读Festivals完成下列表格
Festival Time Information
the Mid?
Autumn
Festival in September
or October ·It is 1.________ by the Chinese people all over the world.
·It is a special 2.________ for family.
·There are many kind ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s of moon cakes 3.________ fruit，coffee and chocolate.
the
4.______
Festival on the
fifteenth
day of
the first
lunar month ·It 5.________ the end of the Chinese New Year celebrations.
·People 6.________ lanterns with pictures.
·The special food，sweet dumplings are 7.______ in hot water.
the Dragon
Boat
Festival the 5th
day of
the 5th
month
of the
lunar year ·It marks the 8.________ of the hottest season of the year.
·People 9.________ the races and enjoy the fun.
·The special food ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is called zongzi，which is 10.______ rice in fresh bamboo leaves.
【答案】　1.celebrated　2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).occasion　3.including　4.Lantern　5.marks　6.decorate　7.served　8.beginning　9.take part in/join in　10.sticky
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P36的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．What don't people do on the Mid?Autumn Festival
A．Watching the moon in the evening.
B．Eating moon cakes.
C．Lighting lanterns.
2．Why didn't the god burn down the town
A．Because the town was already burning.
B．Because he loved the people in the town.
C．Because he thought the town was already burning.
3．Which is NOT true about the Dragon Boat Festival
A．Many people f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rom different cultures took part in the races in the old days.
B．It's a symbol of the beginning of the hottest season　of the year.
C．Only Chinese people celebrated the festival in the 　old days.
4．The most common thing about the three festivals is
________.
A．they are all enjoyed by people from other cultures
B．there is a special food for each festival
C．they are all celebrated only in China
5．The right time order of the festivals is ________.
①the Mid?Autumn Festival
②the Lantern Festival
③the Dragon Boat Festival
A．①②③
B．②③①
C．③①②
【答案】　1.C　2.C　3.A　4.B　5.B
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词的适当形式填空
fall；variety；commun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ity；celebrate；mark；journey；electricity；fun；boil；dumpling
Autumn
Every year in Septemb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er or October，the Mid Autumn Festival is 1.________ by the Chinese people all over the world.Millions of people make the 2.________ back home to share the feeling of“being together”with all the members of the family.
Winter
The Lantern Fe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stival 3.________ on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.It 4.________ the end of the Chinese New Year celebrations.
Nowadays，most lante ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rns are powered by 5.________and made in a 6.________of shapes and sizes.The special food for Lantern Festival is sweet 7.________，which can either be 8.________ or fried depending on the preference of the individuals.
Summer
The Dragon Boat Fes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar.In the old days，dragon boat races were held only in Chinese 9.________.However，in recent years，people from other cultures have also taken part in the races and enjoyed the 10.________.
【答案】　1.celebrated　2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )journey　3.falls　4.marks　5.electricity　6.variety　7.dumplings　8.boiled
9．communities　10.fun
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．occasion　　A．cause to start burning；subject to fire or great heat
2．nowadays B．physical ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) strength required to do something or get something done
3．include C．to ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke something look more attractive by putting something pretty on it
4．power D．the period of time that is happening now
5．light E．the time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of a particular event or an opportunity to do something
6．decorate F．help to offer some food；help with food or drink
7．serve G．have sth.as a part or be made up out of
【答案】　1.E　2.D　3.G　4.B　5.A　6.C　7.F
Ⅱ.短语填空
burn down；fall on；in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) many shapes；pass an exam；dozens of；put out；take part in；pay attention to
1．You must ________________your teacher in the class.
2．Shoes come ________________ and sizes.
3．Do not allow a candle to ________ completely.
4．The group was chosen to ________ discussion.
5．Far water does not ________ near fire.
6．The traditional ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Chinese Lantern Festival will ________ February 24 this year.
【答案】　1.pay attenti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on to　2.in many shapes　3.burn down　4.take part in　5.put out　6.fall on
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．As_it_is_in_early ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_summer，it marks the beginning of the hottest season of the year.由于端午节在初夏，所以它标志着一年中最热季节的开始。
2．They were_decorating the house when_ the accident happened.
他们正装修着房子，这时，事故发生了。
3．On this day， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the moon is_said_to_be_ its biggest and brightest.在这天，据说月亮是最大最亮的。
4．There_is a special food for the festival.
这个节日里有一种特别的食物。
Period Ⅱ Warm up & Festivals
(见学生用书第54页)
1．celebrate v．庆祝；祝贺(节日等)
Every year in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) September or October，the Mid?Autumn Festival is celebrated by the Chinese people all over the world.(教材P36)每年的九月或十月，全世界的中国人都要庆祝中秋节。
We celebrated the New Year with a dance party.
我们举行舞会庆祝新年。
celebration n．庆祝；庆祝活动
for the celebration of
＝in celebration of为……而庆祝
hold a celebration 举行庆典
The villagers had a celebration.
村民们开了一个庆祝会。
Please take part in t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he party in celebration of their wedding anniversary.请参加庆祝他们结婚纪念的聚会。
celebrate/congratulate
celebrate 通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情，多用来暗示节日般的欢乐场面。 celebrate sth.庆祝某事
congratulate 指以对他人祝贺为目的，希望他人幸福或走运。 congratulate sb.on sth.因某事而向某人祝贺
I congratulate you on passing the exam.
我恭喜你考试及格。
【教师备课资源】　
celebrated adj.著名的
celebrity n．名人
用celebrate，congratulate填空
①Today is his birthday，so we're going to________it.
②I ________ you on your great discovery.
【答案】　①celebrate　②congratulate
2．sb./sth.is said...据说．..
On this day，the moon i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s said to be its biggest and brightest.(教材P36)据说，在这一天月亮最大最亮。
He is said to be one o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the top ten rich persons in the world.据说他是世界上最富的10个人之一。
It was said to have been built from the design of Mike's.
据说它是人们按照迈克的设计来建造的。
①在此结构中采用的是不定式， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )而且根据句意的表达，我们可以用不定式的进行时或完成时。能够在此句型中使用的词还有：hope，think，believe，expect，report，know等。
②It is said that...据说……，其中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
It was said that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) she was using the mobile phone then.＝She was said to be using the mobile phone then.2·1·c·n·j·y
据说她当时正在打手机。
句型转换
①Robert is said to ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve studied abroad，but I don't know what country he studied in.
→____________ Rober ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t has studied abroad，but I don't know what country he studied in.
②____________ be studying the law.→It is said that he is studying the law.
【答案】　①It is said that　②He is said to
3．occasion n．场合；时机
The Mid Autumn F ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )estival is important because it is a special occasion for family.(教材P36)
中秋节之所以重要是因为这是合家团圆的特殊的日子。
A party should be a happy occasion.
聚会应该是欢乐的场合。
①on one occasion 有一次
on that occasion那时；在那种情况下
on occasion偶尔
②occasional adj.偶尔的；不经常的；特殊场合的
occasionally adv.偶然地；偶尔；有时
On one occasion, sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e called me in the middle of the night.有一次，她半夜给我打电话。
He has been known on occasion to lose his temper.
大家都知道他有时会发脾气。
【对接高考】
(2011·浙江高考)I've b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een writing this report ________ for the last two weeks，but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A．finally　　　　　　　　　B．immediately
C．occasionally D．certainly
【解析】　句意：在过去的两周里，我是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时续时断地写这个报告，可是这个报告明天就得交了。finally最终地；immediately立即，马上；occasionally偶尔地；certainly肯定地。根据but it has to be handed in tomorrow句意，选C项。
【答案】　C
用occasion的适当形式填空
①He is only an ________ workman.
②We go for walks in the fields ________.
③I was not at home on that ________.
④I've had no ________ to visit him recently.
【答案】　①occasional　②occasionally　③occasion　④occasion
4．Traditional moon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cakes are usually made with bean paste，but nowadays，there are many different kinds of moon cakes including fruit，coffee，chocolate and even ice?cream moon cakes.(教材P36)【出处：21教育名师】
传统的月饼通常是由豆类和面粉制成，但是现在有各种各样的月饼了，包括水果的、咖啡的、巧克力的甚至还有冰淇淋味的月饼。
(1)nowadays adv.现今；现在
Nowadays，advertisements can be found everywhere in any big city.
现在，在任何一个大城市里，到处都可以看到广告。
nowadays/now
nowadays 不指此刻，它常用于现今与旧时习俗、习惯等的对比中，常带有感彩。
now 含义较广，既可指说话的此刻，也可指目前。
用now，nowadays填空
①I explain the sentences in detail ________.
②Most people ________are aware of the importance of a healthy diet.
【答案】　①now　②nowadays
(2)include vt.包含；包括
The price includes both house and furniture.
价钱包括房子和家具。
The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.
旅游项目中包括参观科学博物馆。
①including是介词，放在名词前面。
②included是形容词，常作后置定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。
I bought six books，including a storybook.
＝I bought six books，a storybook included.
我买了六本书，其中包括一本故事书。
include/hold/contain
include 意为“包含，包括”，强调包容进来作为整体的一部分。
hold 意为“容纳，装得下”，强调某个空间或某种容器容纳事物的能力。
contain 意为“里面装有，含有”，强调内有。宾语往往是主语的组成部分或内容。
The meeting room will hold only so many people.
这间会议室只能容纳这么多人。
This book contains all the information you need.
这本书包含你所需的一切资料。
用include，contain，hold的适当形式填空
③Will this box ________all your books
④The book ______stories written by famous authors.
⑤Your duties will ________putting the children to bed.
【答案】　③hold/contain　④contains　⑤include
5．fall on(生日、节日等)适逢某一天；(责任)落在……身上；由……负担(＝fall to)；袭击；向……进攻；扑向；抓住
The Lantern ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.(教材P36)
每年农历正月十五是中国的元宵节。
The full cost of the wedding fell on us.
婚礼的所有费用由我们负担。
The children fell on the food and ate it greedily.
孩子们扑向食物，狼吞虎咽地吃起来。
fall behind 落后　　　　　fall over被……绊倒
fall down跌倒；倒塌 fall back后退；减少；退却
I have fallen behind in my work since last week.
从上周起，我在工作中落后了。
I was unlucky to slip on a banana skin and fall over.
我真倒霉，踩在香蕉皮上滑倒了。
How was it possib ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le to fall down from the third floor without being hurt
从三楼掉下而没有受伤，这怎么可能呢？
【教师备课资源】　
fall off从……掉落
fall into变为某种状态；养成(坏习惯)
fall asleep入睡，睡着
完成句子
①当我在等公共汽车时，一块砖头落到了我的头上。
As I was waiting for a bus，a brick ________ my head.21教育名师原创作品
②他答应了就决不会食言。
Once he made a promise，he would never ________.
③她跌倒后摔折了腿。
She ________ and broke her leg.
④我们登山时他总是落在后面。
He always ________ when we're going climbing.
【答案】　①fell on　②fall back　③fell over/fell down
④falls behind
6．take part in参与；参加
However，in r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecent years，people from other cultures have also taken part in the races and enjoyed the fun.(教材P36)但近几年，外国人也来参加赛龙舟，共享其中的乐趣。
In early days onl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y male athletes were allowed to take part in the Olympic Games.在奥林匹克运动会早期，只有男性运动员才能参加比赛。
She took part in the concert as a singer.
她作为歌手参加过音乐会。
take part in/join/join in/attend
take part in 参加有组织、有计划的活动，强调参与性及在活动中的作用
join 参加某个组织并成为其中一员
join in 参加活动
attend 主要指“出席”这一动作，强调听或看
You are wise not to join the club.
你不加入俱乐部是明智的。
I will join in the project，heart and hand.
我会满腔热情地参加这项工程。
Is it necessary for me to attend the meeting
我参加这个会议有必要吗？
用take part in，join，join in，attend填空
①He did not________ the meeting yesterday.
②Are you going to ________ the first experiment
③Will you ________ us________ the games
④They are going to ________ the singing.
⑤It is three years since he ________ the army.
【答案】　①attend　②take part in　③join；in　④join in　⑤joined
7．power n．[U]控制力；权力，影响力；统治，政权；力量
In one story，lan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )terns were lit to celebrate the power of light over darkness.(教材P36)
一种传说是，点灯笼是为了颂扬光明驱赶黑暗的力量。
We all felt that the chairman had too much power.
我们都觉得主席的权力太大了。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
①beyond/out of one's power(＝not within one's power)力所不及的；不能胜任的
come to power上台；得势
be in/within one's power(to do sth.)某人有权/能力(做某事)
②powerless adj.无权力的；无能力的
powerful adj.强大的；有力的；有效力的
It is beyond my power to help you.
我没有能力帮助你。
The party came to power at the last election.
这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。
I wish it was within my power to change the decision.
但愿我有能力改变这个决定。
power/force/strength/energy
power 指能力、权力，着重行动所根据的能力、本领或职权。
force 指物理学意义上的“力”，也指为做某事而使用的力量，还可指武力。
strength 体力，是内部的能力，是在身体内存在的体力；还有“优势，长处”之意。
energy 指生理上的“精力”，物理学定义中的“能，能量”。
I have hardly enough strength left to move my feet.
我连移动双脚的力气都几乎没有了。
A U．N.peacekeeping force was sent to that country.
一支联合国维和部队被派往该国。
Young people usually have more energy than the old.
青年人通常比老年人精力充沛。
用strength，force，power，energy填空
①It is beyond my ________to understand how computers work.
②He got his ________back slowly after his illness.
③I devoted all my ________to the management of the store.
④The ________of the explosion broke all the windows in the building.
【答案】　①power　②strength　③energies　④force
8．destroy vt.破坏
In another story， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a town was almost destroyed but the light from many lanterns saved it.(教材P36)　　21*cnjy*com
另一个故事说，一个小镇差点被烧毁，但从许多灯笼里透出的灯光拯救了它。
If the tree falls that way，it will destroy the house.
这棵树那样倒下的话会把那所房子压坏。
An atom bomb would destroy a city.
一颗原子弹可以摧毁一座城市。
destroy/damage/ruin
destroy 指彻底毁坏，所带来的损坏是不能修复的，“毁坏”的结果则是使物体功能丧失；也可用于比喻，表示希望破灭、计划落空等。
damage 表示“损害，损坏”，程度较轻，所带来的损伤是可修复的。
ruin 指彻底毁掉，多用于美好的事 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )物，这种毁坏多是由自然力量、个人疏忽等造成的，“毁坏”的结果则是物体价值消失、功能丧失等，现多用于比喻，指希望破灭、计划落空等。
The fire destroyed the whole building.
大火烧毁了整栋大楼。
My car was damaged by scratches.我的汽车刮伤了。
The rain ruined my holiday.这场雨毁了我的假期。
用destroy，damage，ruin的适当形式填空
①They've ____________ all the evidence.
②The ancient house ____________ by fire.
③His heart ____________ as a result of his long illness.
④You've ____________ my bicycle.You shan't have it again.
⑤His pride is to____________his future.
【答案】　①destroyed　②was damaged/destroyed　③is damaged　④destroyed　⑤ruin
9．burn down 烧毁
The story was about a god who wanted to burn down the town.(教材P36)
故事是说有个神仙想烧毁这座小镇。
The house burned down in 1995.
那所房子在1995年被烧毁了。
Don't leave the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) gas on—you might burn the house down.别忘了关煤气——不然会把房子烧掉的。【版权所有：21教育】
burn sth.off烧掉某物
burn (sth.) out烧坏
burn oneself out筋疲力尽
burn up发烧；被烧毁；被烧掉；使某人气愤
You can use a blow lamp to burn off the old paint.
你可以用喷灯把旧油漆烧掉。
By the age of 25 she w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as completely burned out and retired from the sports.
她25岁时就已筋疲力尽，退出了体坛。
【教师备课资源】　
burn away烧掉
burn sth.to the ground将……烧成平地
用burn down，burn up，burn out的适当形式填空
①Constant hard work finally ________ him ________.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
②The building was ________________ and only ashes were left.
③Your words ________ her ________.
【答案】　①burned；out　②burned down　③burned；up
10．In the past，lan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )terns were usually lit by candles and decorated with pictures of birds，animals and flowers，etc.(教材P36)过去，人们常用蜡烛点灯笼，并用鸟、兽、花等图案装饰灯笼。
(1)light vt.照亮；点燃
Will you light the fire for me
你替我点上火好吗？
We lit the candle，which lit the room.
我们点着了蜡烛，蜡烛照亮了房间。
He lighted up before speaking.
他讲话前点燃了香烟。
【提示】　(1)light表示“点火，点燃”或“照亮，使光明”的意思时，常与up连用。
(2)light的过去式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )或过去分词分别有两种形式：lighted，lighted或lit，lit。两种形式无较大区别，只是用过去分词作前置定语时，多用lighted。如：a lighted candle燃烧的蜡烛。
light有多种词性和词义：
①作名词时，意为“光，光亮；发光体，灯；(火柴等发出的)火，火花；观点；外观；典范；显赫人物”。
②作形容词时，意为“明亮的；浅色的，淡色的；轻的，轻便的；一些，少量的；轻微的，微弱的”。
③作动词时，意为“点火，生火，点燃；照亮，照明；亮起来”。
④作副词时，意为“轻轻地；轻便地，轻装地。”
Each of us sees things in his own light.
我们每个人都以自己的观点看待事物。
This room has a lot of windows and is very light.
这间屋子有很多窗户，非常明亮。
Pease light the fire.请点火吧。
She sits light.她轻轻地坐下。
猜测下列句中light的词性和词义
①This room is lighted by electricity.________
②Yellow is a light colour，but black is dark.________
③She is one of the shining lights of the school paper.________
④The newspaper reporter travelled light.________
【答案】　①vt.照明　②adj.浅色的　③n.人物
④adv.轻装地
(2)decorate vt.装饰；布置
Children's pictures decorated the walls of the classroom.教室的墙上饰有儿童绘画。
①decorate sth.with sth.用……装饰……
be decorated with装饰着
②decoration n．装饰；装潢
decorative adj.装饰的；作装饰用的
The children ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) decorated the Christmas tree with colored lights.孩子们用彩灯装饰圣诞树。
With its simple decoration，the main bedroom is a peaceful haven.
主卧的装修很简单，这让它成了一个宁静的港湾。
用decorate的适当形式填空
⑤She put some __________ on the Christmas tree.
⑥How much will it cost to ________ the kitchen
⑦The coloured lights are very ________.
【答案】　⑤decorations　⑥decorate　⑦decorative
11．Sweet dumplings ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are boiled and served in hot water.(教材P36)元宵用水煮，随汤一起吃。
(1)boil v．煮沸；沸腾
I'll boil the kettle and make some tea.
我来烧壶开水泡点茶。
Water boils at 100 ℃.
水在一百摄氏度沸腾。
boiling water是“沸水”之 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意，用现在分词表示动作正在进行；boiled water是“(煮)开(过的)水”之意，用过去分词表示动作已经结束。
用boiling，boiled填空
①We should drink ____________water rather than raw water.
②Don't touch the ____________water，because it's too hot.21教育网
【答案】　①boiled　②boiling
(2)serve vt.提供(食物)；端上(饭菜)
She served me a cup of coffee.
她给我端上了一杯咖啡。
【提示】　serve还有“接待，服侍；可当……使；服务，服役，尽职责”等意思。
①serve as充当；担任
serve sb.with sth./serve sth.to sb.给某人端上……
serve the people/the country为人民/国家服务
②service n．服务
at your service愿为你效劳
③servant n．仆人；用人；(公司或机构的)雇员
In a way，mistakes will serve as warning to you.
在某种意义上来说，那些错误会对你起警告作用。
Lei Feng set an example to us in serving the people heart and soul.
雷锋为我们树立了全心全意为人民服务的榜样。
If you need any help，I am at your service.
如果你需要帮忙，我随时听你吩咐。
用serve，service，servant填空
③There was no one in the restaurant to ________ her.
④The rich man has two ________：a cook and a cleaner.
⑤Is there any railway ________ from here to London
⑥We ________ the meat first.And then I will bring the vegetables.
【答案】　③serve　④servants　⑤service　⑥serve
12．They were decorating the house when the accident happened.(教材P37)
他们正装饰着房子，这时事故发生了。
when在句中用作并列连词，意为“这时，正在这时(＝and at that time)”。
I was about to say when you interrupted me.
我正要说的时候，你插嘴了。
We had just left home when Mr. Wang called me.
我们刚离开家王先生就给我打电话了。
be doing...when...正在做着……这时……
be about to do sth.when...刚要做……这时……
be on the point of doing sth.when...
刚要做……这时……
had done...when...刚做了……这时……
She was writing an e mail to her parents when the light went out.
她正在给她的父母写电子邮件，就在这时灯灭了。
Tom and Jack had just arrived home when it rained.
汤姆和杰克刚到家，雨就下起来了。
完成句子
①我们刚刚入睡，铃声就响了起来。
We had hardly fallen asleep ________________.
②我正要出门，这时我父母来看我了。
I was about to go out ________________________.
③他进来的时候我正要走。
I was just on the point of going ________________.
【答案】　①when the bell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rang　②when my parents came to see me　③when he came in
　
观察从Reading中选取的句子，体会被动语态的用法。
①Every year in Sept ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ember or October，the Mid Autumn Festival is celebrated by the Chinese people all over the world.
②Traditional moon cakes are usually made with bean paste.
③In the old days，drago ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n boat races were organised only by Chinese people.
④He was fooled when he saw thousands of lanterns.
⑤Sweet dumplings are boiled and served in hot water.
[自我总结]　以上各句均为__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______语态。其中①②句为________的被动语态；具体结构是：____________；③④⑤句为________的被动语态，具体结构是：__________。
【答案】　被动　一般现在时　is/am/are done　一般过去时　was/were done
被动语态
一、被动语态的时态形式
当句子的主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象时，句子用被动语态。被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。各种时态的被动语态形式见下表。
时态名称 被动语态形式
一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词
一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词
一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋过去分词
过去将来时 would＋be＋过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋过去分词
过去进行时 was/were＋being＋过去分词
现在完成时 have/has＋been＋过去分词
过去完成时 had＋been＋过去分词
English is spoken all over the world.全世界都讲英语。(一般现在时的被动语态)
He was caught by the police for drunk driving.
他因为酒驾而被警察抓了。(一般过去时的被动语态)
Who will be sent there to work？谁要被派去那儿工作？(一般将来时的被动语态)
He told me nothin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g would be done to stop him from going there.他告诉我什么也不能阻止他去那儿。(过去将来时的被动语态)
Her favorite TV play is being shown on TV.
她最喜爱的电视剧正在电视上上演。(现在进行时的被动语态)
The bridge was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) being repaired when they went to the river bank last time.上次他们去河边时，那座桥正在维修。(过去进行时的被动语态)
His homework has been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )finished and he can go out to play with other boys.他的作业已经完成，他可以出去跟其他男孩玩了。(现在完成时的被动语态)
All had been done before he arrived.他来之前所有的事都已经做了。(过去完成时的被动语态)
二、被动语态的注意事项
1．以主动形式表被动意义的动词
(1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ound，feel，smell，taste，prove不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。
The food tastes delicious.这食物味道鲜美。
The cotton feels soft.棉花摸上去很软。
(2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如ope ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n，shut，lock，sell，write，wash习惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。
This kind of cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
The engine won't start.引擎发动不起来。
(3)need，want，require作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
The plan required discussing.
这项计划需要讨论。
汉语中有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。
It is said that... 据说……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is hoped that... 大家希望……
It is(well) known that... 众所周知……
It must be admitted that... 必须承认……
It will be said/believed that...有人会说/相信……
2．不用被动语态的几种情况
(1)不及物动词或不及物动词短 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，die，disappear，rise，end，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，lose heart，take place等。
The price has risen.价格升高了。
The accident happened last week.
事故是上周发生的。
要想正确地使用被动语态，就需注意哪些动词是及 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
(2)有些及物动词和及物动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词短语不能用于被动语态，常见的有：fit，have，hold，marry，own，wish，cost，notice，watch，agree with，arrive at/in，shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to。
This key just fits the lock.这把钥匙适合这把锁。
Your story agrees with what he heard.
你的故事与他听到的相符。
系表结构与被动语态的区别
意义
系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态
被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作
时态
系表结构说明主语的状态或特征，不强调动作，多用于一般现在时和一般过去时，没有进行时
被动语态强调动作，其主语是动作的对象，可以有各种时态
续表
修饰词
系表结构中的过去分词可被very，too，so等修饰
被动语态中的过去分词则常用much，greatly等修饰
状语
一般不用方式状语等修饰
句子中可带有具体的时间状语、方式状语或by短语
The gate to the garden was locked.花园的门锁了。(系表结构)
The gate to the garden was locked by the girl.
花园的门被那个女孩锁上了。(被动语态)
He was injured in the leg.他腿部受了伤。(系表结构)
The problem is being studied.问题正在(被)研究。(被动语态)
The boy was too frightened to move.
这孩子吓得动也不敢动。(系表结构)
He was much excited by the news.
这条消息使得他很兴奋。(被动语态)
The shop is closed.那家商店关门了。(系表结构)
The shop is often closed at 6∶30 in the afternoon.
那家商店通常在下午6点半关门。(被动语态)
(见学生用书第60页)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·湖南高考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Don't worry.The hard work that you do now ________ later in life.
A．will be repaid　　　　　B．was being repaid
C．has been repaid D．was repaid
【解析】　句意：不必担心，你现在所做 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的艰苦工作在以后的生活中会得到回报的。句中that you do now为定语从句，修饰the hard work。A项为一般将来时的被动语态；B项为过去进行时的被动语态；C项为现在完成时的被动语态；D项为一般过去时的被动语态。由later in life可知，动作应发生在将来。
【答案】　A
2．(2011·安徽高考)—What do you think of store shopping in the future
—Personally, I think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it will exist along with home shopping but________.
A．will never replace B．would never replace
C．will never be replaced D．would never be replaced
【解析】　句意：——你认为未来的商 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )场购物会如何？——依我看，商场购物会和家庭购物并存，但是永远不会被代替。根据句子结构，but 后应为一般将来时；句中主语it 指store shopping, but 后应用被动语态，故选择C项。
【答案】　C
3．(2011·湖南高考)In t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he near future, more advances in the robot technology________by scientists.
A．are making B．is made
C．will make D．will be made
【解析】　句意：在不久的将来 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，科学家们将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进步。由句中的时间状语“in the near future”可知应用一般将来时；more advances作主语，应用被动语态。
【答案】　D
4．(2011·四川高考)All visitors to this village ________ with kindness.
A．treat B．are treated
C．are treating D．had been treated
【解析】　visitors与treat之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态；句中无表示过去的时间状语，可排除D项，故选are treated。
【答案】　B
5．(2011·天津高考)In ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the last few years thousands of films ________ all over the world.
A．have produced B．have been produced
C．are producing D．are being produced
【解析】　由时间状语in the last few years 可知用现在完成时。电影(films)是“被生产”的，所以用被动语态。
【答案】　B
6．—Would you like to go to the cinema with me tomorrow afternoon
—I'd like to，but I ________ to a party by Jane.
A．am invited B．was invited
C．will be invited D．have been invited
【解析】　句意：“你愿意明天下午和我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一块去看电影吗？”“我很想去，但是我已经被简邀请去参加一个聚会了。”动作invite发生在过去，且对现在有一定影响，应用现在完成时；invite与I之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态。
【答案】　D
7．—David，turn off the TV if no one is watching it.
—But it________ off already.The music is from the radio.
A．has been turned B．has turned
C．turned D．will be turned
【解析】　句意：“大卫，如果没人看电 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )视就把它关了吧。”“可是它已经关了啊。音乐是收音机上的。”主语it指代the TV，与短语动词turn off存在被动关系，应该用被动语态；根据句中的already可知应该用现在完成时。
【答案】　A
8．—What about the books
—Books of this kind ________ well.
A．sell B．sells
C．are sold D．is sold
【解析】　考查时态和语态。句意：“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这些书怎么样？”“这种书卖得很好。”这里sell为不及物动词，说明主语的属性，而不是“卖”的意思，因此，不能用被动语态。句子的主语是名词books，故动词用复数形式，所以答案选A。
【答案】　A
9．His sister left home in 1998，and ________ since.
A．had not been heard of
B．has not been heard of
C．had not heard of
D．has not heard of
【解析】　根据since可知，本句应用现在完成时，根据句意可知，这里应该使用被动语态，故选B项。
【答案】　B
10．Would you pleas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e keep silent？The weather report ________ and I want to listen.
A．is broadcast
B．is being broadcast
C．has been broadcast
D．had been broadcast
【解析】　根据“请保持安静好吗？” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和后面的“我想听一下”说明动作正在发生，应该选择进行时态。The weather report与broadcast之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故选B项。
【答案】　B
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
Good afterno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on.The lunch time news today 　1　(read)by John Howard.The Prime Minister has visited a primary school in Ipswich where she 　2　(meet) by the children and their teachers.She opened a new sports centre that 　3　(build) with money raised by the parents and teachers.Another ￡20,000 　4　(need) to finish the swimming pool，so more money raising activities 　5　(organize) for the summer months.
Earlier today ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a group of teachers were in an accident when their coach 　6　(hit) by a truck.The teachers 　7　(help) by local people until ambulances(救护车) arrived.Most of the teachers 　8　(allow) to go home immediately，but those with more serious injuries 　9　(take) to Norwich Central Hospital later today.
More details 　10　(report) to you later this afternoon.
【答案】　1.is read　2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).was met　3.is being built　4.is needed　5.will be organized　6.was hit　7.were helped
8．were allowed　9.were taken　10.will be reported
Period ⅢParties & Weddings
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过对学案中重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，并能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够熟练地运用被动语态。
●教学地位
随着以“任务型教学”为代表的交际教 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学法思想被推崇，以及对新课标中“此次英语课程改革的重点就是要改变英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授、忽视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养的倾向。”本课时应该培养学生自学知识点和语法点的能力，并侧重培养学生的实际语言运用能力。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
可以尝试用学生日常生活的话题互动式引入本课：
T: I think you hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e attended all kinds of parties, such as a wedding party, a birthday party，a garden party，a dinner party and so on. What party did you hold or attend Do you like attending parties
S:
T：A party can giv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e people a chance to communicate with each other; it is a way of social communication；it plays an important part in our life.
T：According to the questions, please describe a party you attend.
What sort of party ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was it How many people were there What did they wear
What time did it start/ finish What did people do
●教学流程设计
让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第61～66页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

(见学生用书第61页)
1．Don't worr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y if you can't understand everything.(教材P38)如果你无法全部听懂，也不要担心。
not...everything部分否定，表示“并不都……”。
both 与all、every及其相关合成词用于否定句时，通常表示部分否定。
①表示部分否定时“not all/both/every...”较“all/both /every...not...”更常用。
②表示完全否定，可借助于none, no one，nobody, nothing, neither等。
Not all birds fly south for the winter.
＝All birds don't fly south for the winter.
并不是所有的鸟都飞到南方去过冬。
Not all body languag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es mean the same in different cultures.＝All body languages don't mean the same in different cultures.并非所有的肢体语言在不同的文化中都具有相同的意思。
None of us knows how to face the problem.
我们中没有人知道该如何去面对这个问题。
完成句子
①____________(我们都没)have any money on us.
②____________(不是所有的鸟)can fly.
③I can't promote____________(你们两位都)．
④____________(他们两人都不)can answer the question.
【答案】　①None of us　②Not all birds　③both of you
④Neither of them
2．more than多于，大于，超过；不仅仅；非常
Listen more than once，if possible.(教材P38)
如果可能的话，多听几遍。
More than ten po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )licemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.
十多位警察出现在出事地点。
The beauty of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e mountain village is more than I can describe.那个山村的美丽是我难以描述的。
no more than只有
not more than最多，不超过
more...than与其……倒不如
more or less 差不多；几乎
once more 再一遍
what's more 再者
more and more ...越来越……
I've more or less finished reading the book.
我差不多已经把这本书看完了。
I would like to spend my holiday in Hawaii once more.
我想再去夏威夷度一次假。
The girl became more and more beautiful.
这女孩变得越来越漂亮了。
【教师备课资源】　
more often than not 通常；多半
more than ever 越发；更加
猜测下列句中黑体短语的意思
①Kate was mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re than a teacher.She did what she could to take care of her pupils.________
②Lying on the g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )round was a peasant boy of not more than seventeen.________
③They were more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) than happy to see us come back from the expedition.________
④This book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar book.________
【答案】　①不仅仅　②最多，不超过　③非常　④与其……倒不如
3．Listen more than once，if_possible.(教材P38)
if possible是“if (it＋is)＋形容词”结构，意为“如果有可能的话”。
If possible，let me know beforehand.
如果有可能的话，可事先通知我。
if necessary如果有必要的话
if any假如有；即使有
if so如果是这样的话
if not否则；不然的话
If necessary，ring me at home.
如果有必要的话，可往我家里打电话。
If so，we'll have to put the meeting off.
如果这样，我们只好把会议推迟。
Is she in？If not，could I speak to her sister
她在吗？如果不在，我可以跟她姐妹说话吗？
完成句子
①如有必要，我会跟你一起去。
I will go with you，________________.
②如果可能的话，我想借一台打字机。
______________，I would like to borrow a typewriter.
③如果下列句子中有错，请改正。
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences，________________.
【答案】　①if necessary　②If possible　③if any
4．salary n．薪水；薪金
The salary is goo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d but I'll have to travel over forty miles to get to work every day.(P38听力原文)薪水很高，但是我每天不得不到四十多英里之外的公司上班。
How does she live on such a small salary
她靠那么一点儿薪水怎么生活？
Our salary has been paid yet.
我们的薪水已经发了。
basic salary基本工资
increase/raise salaries加薪
reduce salaries减薪
an annual/monthly salary年/月薪
The government has d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecided to increase salaries for all civil servants.
这个政府已经决定给所有的公务员增长工资。
The company offered him an annual salary of $94,000.
那家公司出价9万4千美元年薪雇他。
salary/wage/pay/income
salary 是指非体力劳动者所得到的“工资，薪水”，通常按月发，有时按季或年发。
wage 指简单劳动者或体力劳动者所得到的“工资， 工钱”，通常按周、日等发，常用复数形式。
pay 指不论工作性质如何，针对劳动所支付的报酬，它包含salary和wage(s)，为不可数名词。
income 意思是“收入”，不强调途径，只要是得到的钱都可以称为收入。
In our family both my husband and I are wage earners.
在我们家里，丈夫和我都挣工资。
This is the wrong time to ask for a pay rise.
现在不是要求增加工资的时候。
His income is well below the average.
他的收入大大低于平均水平。
用salary，wage，pay，income的适当形式填空
①He doesn't like the job，but the ________is good.
②There are extra benefits for people on low ________.
③How much ________does a teacher earn
④Tourism is a major source of ________for the area.
【答案】　①pay　②wages　③salary　④income
5．apply vt. 申请
There were twent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y other people applying for the job！(教材P38)另外有20个人申请这份工作！
She applied for working with foreign teenagers.
她申请和国外的青少年们一起工作。
He applied to four ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )colleges and was accepted by all of them.他向四所大学提出了申请，并且都被录取了。
【提示】　apply与介词for搭配时，表示“申请……，请求……”；与介词to搭配时则表示“向某人/机构申请”。
①apply for申请
apply...to...把……应用于……
apply oneself to专心于，致力于
apply to sth适用于……，对……有效
②application n．申请；应用
applicant n．申请者
In this way they can better apply theory to practice.
这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。
He applied himself to learning French.
他致力于学习法语。
用适当的介词填空
①In order to apply h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is new discovery________the products，he applied________his boss________a sum of money.
②The old couple applied________volunteer work for the Olympic Games.
③Would you apply the rule________everyone
用apply的派生词填空
④________must be made this afternoon.
⑤There were three________for this position.
⑥Household chemistry is an________science.
【答案】　①to；to；for　②for　③to　④Application　⑤applicants　⑥applied
6．depend on 根据；依据
Well，of course ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it depends on what kind of party it is.(教材P39)哦，当然，这要看是什么样的聚会。21cnjy.com
Whether the game will be played depends on the weather.比赛是否进行要看天气而定。
You may take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) several months to reach your target weight—it depends (on) how much you want to lose.
你可能要花费几个月的时间来达到你的目标体重——这要看你想减多少。
【提示】　 depend on的含义是“随……而定，视……情况而定”，后面可接名词或宾语从句，接从句时on可省略。
depend on sth./sb.依赖于某事/某人
depend on sb./sth.to do sth.
依靠、指望某人/某物做某事
depend on it that(从句)依靠……
That depends. /It all depends.要看情况而定。
—I depend on you to help me.
—I may help you, but it/that depends.
——我指望你来帮我了。
——我也许会帮你，但是得视具体情况而定。
完成句子
①千万不要认为这列火车能正点到达。
You can't ________________ the train will arrive on time.
②你不要指望他会借给你很多钱。
You can't ________________ lend you a lot of money.
③我也许去美国，也许不去，要视情况而定。
I may go to America or I may not，________________.
【答案】　①depend on it that　②depend on him to
③it all depends/that depends
7．If a friend gets a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n invitation to a wedding，you can go with him/her，even_if you don't receive an invitation yourself.(教材P40)假如(你的)朋友收到婚礼请柬，即使你没收到，也可以跟他(她)一起去。
(1)invitation n．邀请
Did you receive my invitation
你收到我的请柬了吗？
①inviting adj. 吸引人的；诱人的
②invite vt. 邀请；招待
invite sb.to sp. 邀请某人去某地
invite sb.to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
I would like to invite you to a ball next Sunday.
我想请你下星期日去参加舞会好吗？
We invite her to have Thanksgiving dinner with us.
我们邀请她和我们一起吃感恩节晚餐。
【教师备课资源】　
invite sb.along 邀请某人同行
invite sb.out 邀请某人出去
用invitation的变形词填空
①I want to ________ you to my party on Friday.
②Thank you for ________ me to your house on Friday.
③The place where they visited was green and ________.
④I am only too glad to accept your kind ________.
【答案】　①invite　②inviting　③inviting　④invitation
(2)even if/though即使
I'll get there，even if I have to walk.
我就是走也要走到那儿。
Even if/though he can understand you，he won't follow your advice.
即使他能听懂你的话，他也不会听从你的建议。
【提示】　如果整个句子意指将来，even if/though从句中须用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
完成句子
⑤即使我这次失败了，我还要再试试。
________________，I would try again.
⑥即使他这么说，你大可不必相信他。
________________，you need not believe him.
【答案】　⑤Even if/though I fail this time　⑥Even if/though he said so
8．contribute vt.捐献；贡献
But don't worry，you don't have to contribute a lot of money.(教材P40)
但是别担心，你不需要放(捐)很多钱的。
Lots of people have contributed money to the disaster area.许多人向灾区捐了款。
The Song Dynasty co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntributed three great inventions to the world civilization.
宋朝为世界文明贡献了三大发明。
【提示】　以上搭配中，to是介词，后不能接动词原形。此外，contribute后不可接one's life或oneself。
①contribute to 捐献；捐助；对某事起促进作用
②contribution n．贡献；捐助
make contributions to为……做贡献/捐助
Many people contrib ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uted money to a poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.
许多人给一个可怜的孩子捐钱，使他可以重返校园。
Everyone should ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )make a contribution to protecting the environment.每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。
【教师备课资源】　
contributor n．撰稿人；贡献者；捐助者
猜测下列句中contribute的意思
①He didn't contribute one idea to the project.________
②He contributed some money to the flood victims.________
③Fresh air contributes to our health.________
④Good luck contributed to our success.________
【答案】　①提供　②捐出　③有助于　④促成了
9．Finally，I t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )old them that they really ought not to argue so much because it makes_me_hate_weddings_for_life！(教材P41)最后，我告诉她们不该争得这么厉害，因为那使我一辈子都讨厌婚礼！
make me hate weddings for life 属于“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，
He made me repeat the story.
他要我把那故事重讲一遍。
I couldn't make my car start this morning.
今天早上我们的汽车发动不起来。
make＋宾语＋名词/形容词
make＋宾语＋过去分词
make＋宾语＋不带to 的不定式
make＋宾语＋介词短语
make it ＋adj./n.＋带to的不定式
We made him captain of our football team.
我们选他当我们足球队的队长。
We must make the rivers clean.我们必须净化河水。
Our teacher makes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) us feel more confident./We are made to feel more confident by our teacher.
我们的老师让我们感到更自信了。
He has made it a rule to go jogging every morning.
他习惯每天早上慢跑。
【提示】　(1)make后不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )接现在分词作宾补；(2)make后作宾补的不定式不带to，作主补的不定式要带to；(3)“make it ＋adj./n. ＋带to的不定式”中it是形式宾语，带to的不定式为真正的宾语。
完成句子
①他设法让别人知道他的想法。
He tried to ________________.
②她必须大声喊才能让人听见她说话。
She had to shout to ________________.
③我们会尽一切努力使你幸福。
We'll do our best to ________________.
【答案】　①make his ideas known　②make herself heard　③make you happy
　
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会情态动词的用法。
①If a friend gets an invitation to a wedding，you can go with him/her.
②You ought not to g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o to the ceremony because it is only for close family.
③Nowadays，Indonesian women don't have to cover their hands.21世纪教育网版权所有
④If your really want to see it，you ought to ask first.
[自我总结]　以上各句中均含有情态动词，① ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句中含有________意为________；②句中含有________意为________；③句中含有____________意为________；④句中含有________意为________。
【答案】　can　能够　ought not to　不应该　don't have to　不必　ought to　应该
情态动词
一、基本概念
情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，如需要、可能、愿意和怀疑等，有一定的词义，但不完整，必须和主要动词(实义动词或连系动词)一起构成谓语。
二、情态动词can/can't，have to/not have to，ought to/ought not to的基本用法
1．can与can't的基本用法
情态动词 基本用法
can
“能、会”，表示一种能力
“可能”，表示客观上的一种可能性
“可以”，表示请求许可
can't
“不能”，表示禁止
“不可能”，表示否定的可能性
If you work hard，you can achieve your goals.
如果你努力工作，就能实现你自己的目标。(can表示一种能力)
It is warm here in spring but it can be cold sometimes.21·世纪*教育网
这儿的春天很温暖，但有时候也会很冷。(can表示客观上的一种可能性)
Can I use your computer for a while
我能用会儿你的电脑吗？(can表示请求许可)
You can't go out alone at night.
晚上你不能一个人外出。(can't表示禁止)
He can't be at home，for the light is out.
他不可能在家，因为灯没开。(can't表示否定的可能性)
①could可表示请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can，could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
②cannot...too...意为“无论怎么……也不过分”。
③“cannot but＋不定式(不带to)”意为“不得不，只好”。
—Could I use your bike tomorrow morning
—Yes，you can.(否定回答可以用：No，I'm afraid not.)
——明天上午我可以用你的自行车吗？
——是的，可以。(不，恐怕不行。)
I cannot but admire your bravery.
我不得不钦佩你的勇气。
You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。
2．have to与not have to的基本用法：
情态动词 基本用法
have to “必须、不得不”，表示主观上的一种义务
not have to “没有必要”，相当于needn't，指没有义务
It is a pity that we shall have to leave tomorrow.
我们明天必须离开，真是遗憾。(have to表示主观上“不得不”)
You don't have to leave so early.
你没有必要出发这么早。(don't have to＝needn't没有必要)
3．ought to与ought not to的基本用法
情态动词 基本用法
ought to “应当、应该”，表示给别人的一种建议或义务、责任
ought not to “不应当、不应该”，表示建议别人不要做某事
You ought to visit your parents regularly，no matter how busy you are.
不管多忙，你都应该经常去看望父母。(ought to表示给某人的一个建议，认为某人有责任、有义务干某事，相当于should)
You ought not to be so rude to your parents.
你不应该对父母这么无礼。(ought not to表示建议某人不要干某事，相当于shouldn't)
can和be able to的用法及区别
(1)can与be able to意思相同，can只有can与could两种形式，而be able to则有更多的形式。
过去时：was/were able to
将来时：will be able to
完成时：have/has been able to
(2)如果要表达将来的能力，一般要用will be able to。
I'll be able to speak French in a few months.
(3)be able t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o的过去时was/were able to表示在过去某一场合设法做成了某事，相当于managed to do，而could则无此意义。
The fire was very big，but most people were able to escape from it.
must和have to的用法及区别
(1)must与have to意义接近。must侧重于说话人的主观色彩，而have to侧重于表示客观情况限制，不得不做某事。
We must empty the room ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) so that we can get it painted soon.我们必须把房间搬空，这样我们可以马上粉刷它。
We have to empty the room because a couple will move in soon.
我们得把房间搬空，因为有一对夫妇马上要搬进来。
(2)have to的否定式和疑问式要借助于助动词do，must的否定式是在其后加not，疑问式是将must提至句首。
Does he have to do it？他必须做那件事吗？
Must I drink this awful soup
我必须喝下这难喝的汤吗？
(3)二者的否定意义不同：don't have to表示“不必”，mustn't则表示“不允许，禁止”。
You don't have to go there.你不必去那儿。
You mustn't go there.你不许去那儿。
(4)回答由must引出的一般疑问句时，否定回答常用needn't或don't have to，而不用mustn't。
—Must I clean the dining room at once
—No，you needn't/don't have to.
——我必须马上打扫餐厅吗？
——不，你不必。
(见学生用书第66页)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)I' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ________ find the money.
A．can　　　　　　　　　　　B．might
C．would D．need
【解析】　句意：如果我能够弄到钱，我打算 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和约翰一起去欧洲度假。本句为含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，主句为将来时，从句应用一般现在时，故排除B、C两项；又根据句意可知应该是“能弄到钱”而不是“需要弄到钱”。故A项正确。
【答案】　A
2．(2012·天津高考)It' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s quite warm here；we ________ turn the heating on yet.
A．couldn't B．mustn't
C．needn't D．wouldn't
【解析】　句意：这里相当暖 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和，我们还没有必要打开暖气。A项couldn't意为“不能，不可能”；B项mustn't意为“禁止，一定不能”；C项needn't意为“没必要”；D项wouldn't意为“不会”。needn't do sth.表示现在没必要做某事。根据句中的关键信息词“quite warm”和the heating可知选C。
【答案】　C
3．The doctor said， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“Sir，you ________be sitting in this waiting room.It's for the children only.”
A．oughtn't to B．can't
C．mustn't D．won't
【解析】　根据下句“是儿童专用”可知，你不应该坐。故选A项。
【答案】　A
4．(2011·江西高考)I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t ________be the postman at the door.It's only six o'clock.
A．mustn't B．can't
C．won't D．needn't
【解析】　句意：门外不可能是邮递员，现在才 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )六点。A项“不可以，禁止”；B项“不可能”；C项“不愿意”；D项“不必”。根据句意可知答案为B项。
【答案】　B
5．(2011·湖南高考)— ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )No one________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
—Oh，you are really his big fan.
A．can　　　　　　　　　　B．need
C．must D．might
【解析】　句意：——在打篮球方 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )面，没有人能够与姚明相比。——哦，你真是他的铁杆球迷。can 能够；need 需要；must 必须；might也许。由句意可知A项正确。
【答案】　A
6．(2011·辽宁高考)If yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u ________go, at least wait until the storm is over.
A．can B．may
C．must D．will
【解析】　句意：如果你坚持要走，至 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )少也要等暴风雨停了再走。must表示一定要，坚持要(表示主张)，符合语境。其他选项语气较弱，均不符合句子中有暴风雨必须要走的语气。
【答案】　C
7．You ________ be hungry already—you had lunch only two hours ago!
A．wouldn't B．can't
C．mustn't D．needn't
【解析】　句意：你不可能已经饿了——你两个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )小时前才吃的午饭！本题考查情态动词的否定用法。从only two hours ago可以得出设空处需要“不可能”的意思，因此用can't。mustn't表示禁止，不可以；needn't表示没必要。
【答案】　B
8．You don't have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to know the name of the author to find a book.You ________ find the book by the title.
A．must B．need
C．can D．would
【解析】　句意：要找一本书，你不一定要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )知道作者的名字，你通过书名也能找到。本题考查情态动词表意的区别。must必须；need需要；can能够；would愿意，要，想。根据句意应选择C项。
【答案】　C
9．—What sort of house do you want to have？Something big
—Well，it ________ be big—that's not important.
A．mustn't B．needn't
C．can't D．won't
【解析】　句意：——你想要什么样 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的房子？大一点的？——嗯，房子不必很大——那并不重要。本题考查情态动词否定形式的含义。mustn't禁止，不允许；needn't没有必要；can't不可能，不能够；won't不会。根据句意B项正确。
【答案】　B
10．Peter ________ be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general.
A．shall B．should
C．can D．must
【解析】　句意：尽管大多数 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情况下彼特是一个很不错的人，但是有时他也会很难相处。此题考查情态动词的用法。C项can，表示推测且用于肯定句时，在句中表示“有时可能”之意，符合句意。A项shall，表示将来；B项should，表示应该；D项must，表示必须或表示推测“一定”。
【答案】　C
Ⅱ.选词填空
can；ought to；can't；don't have to；have to
1.I am starving to death.I ________eat two bowls of rice.
2．This ________ be done by him，because he is too young.
3．I really ________ thank you enough！It's been an amazing day.
4．You are the organizer.You ________ come tomorrow.
5．—Sorry，you ________ wait for a day or two before the date is fixed.
—OK.
6．—Must I tell him about this tomorrow
—No，you ________.
7.You ________ buy a gift，but you can if you want to.
8．Just be patient.You ________ expect the world to change so soon.
【答案】　1.can　2.can't　3.c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an't　4.ought to　5.have to　6.don't have to　7.don't have to　8.can't
Period ⅣChristmas & Communication Workshop
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)借助本学案写作步骤的讲解，让学生学会用英语描述事件，以提高学生的书面表达能力。
●教学地位
本课时讲解的知识点是以教材重点词汇和句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )式出现的先后顺序依次呈现的。通过一篇相关话题的写作训练(思路分析→词汇热身→句式温习→连句成篇)。一步一步教会学生如何写出一篇合格的叙事类记叙文。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
1. Find the Key Words in the pictures.
2. Which of the thing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s do you think western people usually have at Christmas
●教学流程设计
导入新课。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
老师布置作业：让学生完成课本第84页第3题， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第85页阅读理解。让学生自学学案Ⅴ的内容，然后做“单元归纳提升”部分(见学案第74页)。
(见学生用书第67页)
语篇理解
阅读P42课文，选择最佳选项
1．Why did the child ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ren in the family write letters to Father Christmas in November
A．Christmas Day is in November.
B．They wante ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d to tell Father Christmas what they wanted in advance(预先)and they thought he lived far.
C．They would be busy in December.
2．Why did the children write the address “North Pole”？
A．They thought Father Christmas lived there.
B．They thought Father Christmas could get there.
C．They thought it was old there.
3．What is the children's favourite sport when it snows
A．Skiing.　　　　　　　　　　B．Snowball fights.
C．Making snow men.
【答案】　1.B　2.A　3.B
Ⅰ.单词填空
1．________in earnest; sincere
2．________thing used for decorating
3．________happy and cheerful; full of joy
4．________unluckily；regrettably
5．________dirty or untidy state
【答案】　1.serious　2.decoration　3.merry　4.unfortunately　5.mess
Ⅱ.补全短语
1．举起；建造　　　　　　　put________
2．继续；坚持 carry________
3．也；又；还 ________well
4．在……末；在……的结尾 ________the end of
5．在……的底部 ________the bottom of
6．保持清醒 stay________
7．和……一样长 as long________
【答案】　1.up　2.on　3.as　4.at 　5.at　6.awake　7.as
(见学生用书第67页)
1．For me，Christmas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )always began in the middle of the cold，windy month of November.My sister，Alison，and I sat down in front of the fire and wrote a letter to Father Christmas telling_him_about_all_the_presents_we_wanted.(教材P42)在我的记忆中，圣诞节总是从寒冷多风的十一月中旬就开始了。姐姐艾莉森和我坐在火炉前，给圣诞老人写信，告诉他我们所有想要的礼物。
句中telling him ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )about all the presents we wanted为现在分词短语在句中作伴随状语；we wanted是定语从句，修饰先行词presents。
“Didn't you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )see it？”said him，angrily pointing at the sign.他生气地指着标志牌说：“难道你没看见吗？”
The boys came out of the cinema，laughing and shouting.孩子们笑着喊着走出了电影院。
用所给词的适当形式填空
①He sat in the armchair，________(read) a newspaper.
②All night long he lay awake，________(think) of the problem.
③He was busy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) writing a story，only ________(stop) once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
【答案】　①reading　②thinking　③stopping
2．On_Christmas_Eve，the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) whole family helped to decorate the house，put_up the Christmas tree，the decorations and the balloons.(教材P42)圣诞节前夕，全家人一起装饰房屋，竖起圣诞树，挂上各种装饰品和气球。
(1)On Christmas Eve在圣诞节前夜
Chinese visit their ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) relatives and friends on New Year's Day.中国人在新年时走亲访友。
Australians often go to church on Christmas Day.
澳大利亚人常在圣诞节这天去做礼拜。
介词on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如某日、某节日(说到假日中的某一天，就要用on)、星期几等。如：on October lst，on a rainy day，on National Day等。还可以用来表示特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如：on the eve of victory(胜利前夕)，on the morning of January 3rd，on the afternoon of his arrival等。
【教师备课资源】　
at Christmas＝On Christmas Day
用适当的介词填空
①I forgot whether he would come ________ Monday or Tuesday.
②Does John often watch television ________ the evening
③He ran away from home ________the age of thirteen.
④You can see people's breath ________ a cold day.
⑤We always ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve a fireworks display ________ the evening of National Day.
【答案】　①on　②in　③at　④on　⑤on
(2)put up竖起；建造；举起
I put up my hand and asked to leave the room.
我举手示意，请求离开房间。
The workers a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re putting up the highest building in this city.工人们正在建造这个城市最高的建筑。
put up with忍受
put forward提出
put down 写下；镇压
put off推迟；使延期
put out 熄灭；生产；出版
put away把……收起；储蓄
put aside储蓄；搁在一旁；忽视
put on穿/戴上；上演；(体重)增加
I can't put up with the noise.我受不了这噪声。
Let me put down your telephone number.
让我记下你的电话号码。
Don't put off until tomorrow what can be done today.
今天能做完的事不要拖到明天。
【对接高考】
(2011·浙江高考)He decided ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that he would drive all the way home instead of ________ at a hotel for the night.
A．putting down　　　　　　　　　B．putting off
C．putting on D．putting up
【解析】　句意：他决定一路驾车回家，不在旅 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )馆留宿。put down放下，平定，镇压，记下；put off推迟；put on穿上，戴上，上演，假装，增加；put up举起，建立，张贴，投宿。
【答案】　D
完成句子
⑥他正在为自己家搭建新的篱笆墙。
He was ________ a new fence at his home.
⑦他在会上提出了一个很好的建议。
He ________ a very good suggestion at the meeting.
⑧把会议推迟到星期五开要好得多。
It'd be much better to ________ the meeting till Friday.21·cn·jy·com
⑨切实要记下她说的每一个字。
Make sure that you ________ every word she says.
【答案】　⑥putting up　⑦put forward　⑧put off
⑨put down
3．We tried to stay_aw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ake as long as possible to see Father Christmas but the next thing we knew it was morning.(教材P42)我们尽量不让自己入睡，想亲眼看看圣诞老人，但当我们醒来时，已经是第二天清晨了。
句中stay为系动词，后接表语awake。stay作系动词时表示“保持某种状态”，其后常跟形容词作表语。
The window stayed open all the night.
窗户整夜都开着。
类似stay表示“持续”的连系动词还有：remain依然；keep保持；continue继续，仍旧；stand处于某状况或情形等。
It's already ten in t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he morning.The store remains closed.What's the matter
已经是上午10点了，这家商店还没营业，怎么回事？
I wish those children would keep quiet.
我希望那些孩子们保持安静。
完成句子
①我疲倦得简直昏昏欲睡。(stay)
I'm so tired that I can hardly ________.
②在这个问题上我们应该保持沉默。(remain)
We should ________ on this question.
③即使在争辩时，你也要尽力保持冷静。(keep)
Even when you argue，you should try to ________.
【答案】　①stay awake　②remain silent　③keep cool
4．At_the_bottom_of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_the_bed_was_the_stocking，now full of all kinds of small presents and sweets.(教材P42)在床底的袜子里现在已经装满了各种各样的小礼物和糖果。
这是一个完全倒装结构。表示地点的介词短语位于句首时，该句应用完全倒装结构，即将谓语动词提到主语之前。
In front of the teaching building stands a tall tree.
教学楼前有一棵大树。
全部倒装的情况还有：
①表示地点、时间的介词短语放在句首，主语较长，其后又无定语时，一般要倒装。
②表示方向、地点和时间的词in，ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t，down，up，off，back，away，over there，there，now，then，here，first等放于句首，若主语是名词而不是代词，则倒装。
③动词的 ed形式或 ing形式置于句首，主语是名词，而其后又跟了一个定语时要引起倒装。
Through the window came out the sweet music.
从窗户里飘出美妙的音乐。
Then out rushed a pack of dogs!
接着跑出了一群狗。
Hanging on the wall are a group of pictures by Van Gogh.
挂在墙上的是一组梵高的画。
Pasted on the seat was a note，which said “Occupied”．
位子上贴着一张条子，上面写着“预留位置”。
用完全倒装结构完成句子
①老师走了进来，然后开始上课。
________ the teacher and the class began.
②那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。
__________________ a beautiful girl.
③这正是我所喜爱的画。
________the picture I love.