【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语北师大版必修三教师用书Unit 7　The sea

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Unit 7　The sea
【美文阅读】　
你对大海了解多少？阳光照耀下她妩媚多姿；狂风暴雨下她凶猛狂暴，除此以外还有什么呢？
The first thing to r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )emember is that the sea is very big.When you look at the map of the world you will find there is more water than land.The sea covers three quarters of the world.
The sea is also very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )deep in some places.It is not deep everywhere.Some parts of the sea are very shal low.But in some places the depth of the sea is very great.There is one spot，near Japan，where the sea is nearly 11 kilometers deep！The highest mountain in the world is about 9 kilometers high.If that mountain were put into the sea at that place，there would be 2 kilometers of water above it！What a deep place!2·1·c·n·j·y
If you have swum in t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he sea，you know that it is salty.You can taste the salt.Rivers，which flow into the sea，carry salt from the land into the sea.Some parts of the sea are saltier than other parts.There is one sea，called the Dead Sea，which is very salty.It is so salty that swimmers cannot sink！Fish cannot live in the Dead Sea!
In most parts ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of the sea，there are plenty of fishes and plants.Some live near the top of the sea.Others live deep down.There are also millions of tiny living things that float in the sea.These floating things are so small that it is hard to see them.Many fish live by eating these.
The sea can be very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cold.Divers who go deep down in the sea know this.On the top the water may be warm.When the diver goes downwards，the sea becomes colder and colder.Another thing happens.When the diver goes deeper，the water above presses down on him.It squeezes (挤)him.Then the diver has to wear clothes made of metal.But he cannot go very deep.Some people who wanted to go very deep used a very strong diving ship！They went down to the deepest part of the sea in it.They went down to a depth of eleven kilometers!
【诱思导学】　
1．Why does the author mention the sea somewhere near Japan
2．Are there any fishes living in the Dead Sea
3．Why can't people go very deep in the sea
【答案】　1.To show that the sea in some places is very deep.
2．No ，there aren't.
3．Because the pressure of the water at great depths is great.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●课标解读
本课时主要是通过学生对学案 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所给内容的学习，了解下一课时即将出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，将对下一节课内容的全面理解起到了铺垫作用。
●教学地位
此部分内容是是对下一课时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的感悟和预习，合理利用本学案，能大大提升下一课时的课堂效率，有效提升学生学习英语的热情，促进课堂的积极活跃程度，并能在课上能与老师形成较为默契的配合。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
让学生讨论个人与大海的联系，直接导入新 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )课。在设计这堂课时，要从激发学生的对大自然的热爱出发，介绍有关的背景知识，给学生布置具有一定挑战性的任务，让学生以大海人类共同的生存空间为题进行讨论或口头描述。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。 学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )思导学”(见学案第1页)。 学生就“美文阅读”进行讨论，统一答案。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
学生再次阅读课文(课本第8页)并完 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成“语篇理解”(见学案第2页)。 师生共同讨论并统一答案。 让学生快速阅读课文(见课本第8页)并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第2页)。
　　　　　
学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )统一答案。 学生再次仔细阅读课文(课本第8～9页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第2页)。 老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
让学生根据所给出的表格进行“自我评估 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”(见学案第3页)。 学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案，老师予以更正。 让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第2～3页)。
　　　　　
老师布置作业：让学生看课本第8～9页并完成课本第8～9页第1、3题，预习学案PeriodⅡ(见学案第3～10页)。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
根据P8的Reading部分，在表格中填入恰当的单词或短语，每空不超过3个单词
The Vikings were the first 1. to reach America.
Between the 8th and 10th centuries AD They controlled the seas and coasts of 2. .
In 3. AD A man called Eric t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he Red was forced to leave 4. and reached Greenland.
5. Eric the Red A man called Bi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arni 6. from Iceland but was blown off course and found an 7. land.
In the year 8. Leif and Biarni sai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )led to the coast of 9. Canada.They are the first records we have of Europeans sailing to 10.
【答案】　1.Europeans　2.Northern Europe　3.982
4．Iceland　5.Not long ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )after　6.set sail　7.unknown　8.1002　9.present day　10.the Americas
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P8的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．How the Vikings discovered America.
B．The life of Vikings in Scandinavia.
C．Eric the Red's life story.
2．It's said that Eric the Red got into trouble .
A．when he left Iceland
B．when he reached Greenland
C．when he committed a murder
3．After Eric the Red discovered Greenland， .
A．people started to live on that island
B．some people went to the island with him
C．some people went back with him to Greenland
4．Who does “he” in Line 23 refer to
A．Eric the Red.
B．Biarni.
C．Biarni's father.
5．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage
A．Biarni sailed to Newfoundland with Leif.
B．Newfoundland lies north to Canada.
C．Biarni's directions were of great use to Leif.
【答案】　1.A　2.C　3.C　4.B　5.C
Ⅲ.课文缩写
从方框中选择恰当的单词或短语，完成下列短文
set sail；get i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nto trouble；in search of；eventually；sailing；present day；unknown；make it to；ancestor；according to
The Vikings，whose 1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). came from Scandinavia，reached America long before Columbus ever 2. .
3． the old ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stories of Iceland and Norway，Eric the Red committed a murder，for which he 4. .He reached Greenland and returned to Iceland.He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland and 14 ships 5. Greenland with him.
Not long after this， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Biarni set sail from Iceland 6. Eric's party.Unfortunately he was blown off course and found himself in an 7. land，from where he 8. reached Greenland.In 1002，Eric the Red's son Leif sailed to what is believed to be the coast of 9. Canada.
Eric the Red and Leif' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s deeds are the first records we have of Europeans 10. to the Americas.
【答案】　1.ancestors　2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).set sail　3.According to　4.got into trouble　5.made it to　6.in search of　7.unknown
8．eventually　9.present day　10.sailing
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．voyage　　　　　A．at last，in the end
2．persuade B．not known before
3．eventually C．to say sorry for doing sth.wrong
4．apologise D．an act of traveling by water
5．unknown E．someone who travels into little known regions
6．explorer F．to make sb.believe or do sth.by talking to him
【答案】　1.D　2.F　3.A　4.C　5.B　6.E
Ⅱ.短语填空
according to；set sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )il；in search of；get into trouble；make it to；long before；be forced to；apologise for
1．Can't you stop your son from ？
2．I knew Tom I knew you.
3．He face up to the situation.
4． the weather forecast it will rain tomorrow.
5．We at dawn and headed for New York.
6．I wondered if I would the other side.
【答案】　1.getting into ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )trouble　2.long before　3.was forced to　4.According to　5.set sail　6.make it to
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．By around 900 A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )D，there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live.
大约到公元900年，北欧很多地方都有海盗居住。
2．Biarni was hopin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g to join his father who was with Eric，but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land，from where he eventually reached Greenland.
比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个未知的地方，从那里他最终抵达格陵兰岛。
3．Leif followed Bia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rni's directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of present day Canada.
赖伊夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据说是现在的加拿大海岸所在地。
Period ⅡWarm up & The Spirit of Explorers
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过对学案中重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，并能够运用这些词语造句。
3．通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
4．通过对定语从句关系副词及介词加关系代词的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识。
●教学地位
词汇是英语学习的一个重要环节 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，在课堂教学中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和记忆英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。本课时的语法是定语从句关系副词及介词加关系代词，里面有很多易混易错的地方，应根据学生的实际情况做耐心细致的讲解。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
可以尝试用学生日常生活的话题互动式引入本课：
T：I think mos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t of us like going swimming in the sea. The sea is part of people’s life, do you think so
S：
T：We know about all k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inds of sea animals in the daily life. What are your favorite sea animals 2-1-c-n-j-y
Tell the class. Use so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me key words to help you. (Show some slides about sea animals)
S：
T：Why do you like these animals
S：
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )习的情况。 导入新课。 让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第3～8页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。www.21-cn-jy.com
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )分(见学案第8～9页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。 老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确的答案。
　　　　　
老师对语法部分给以点拨，让学生掌 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )握本单元语法知识。 让学生完成“当堂双基达标”(见学案第10页)。 师生共同讨论“当堂双基达标”，给出答案，并对难以理解的或有争议的地方给出详解。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
学生进行“自我评估”(见学案第10页)。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )布置作业：让学生完成课本第54～55页第2、4、6题，完成“课时作业”和预习Period Ⅲ(见学案第11～16页)。
1．frightening adj.令人惊恐的；骇人的(教材P7)
It's frightening to think it could happen again.
想到此事可能再发生就使人不寒而栗。
①frighten vt.使惊恐，吓唬
frighten sb.into/out of (doing) sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事
②frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
be frightened of sb./(doing) sth.害怕某人/某事；对……感到害怕
be frightened at sth.因……而害怕
I got quite frightened when he lost his temper.
他发起脾气来我觉得挺害怕的。
Don't be frightened ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of making mistakes when you speak English.讲英语时别害怕犯错误。
【教师备课资源】　
由过去分词或现在分词转化来的形容词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，是分词形容词。这些词已失去了动词的性质，大多数可被副词very或too修饰，有的还有比较级和最高级，故称为分词形容词。v. ing形式，意为“令人……的”，多指事物；v. ed形式，意为“感到……的”，多用于指人。常见的分词形容词有：surprised/surprising；excited/exciting；interested/interesting；bored/boring；tired/tiring; pleased/pleasing；puzzled/puzzling；astonished/astonishing；shocked/shocking等。
用frighten的适当形式填空
①He was at seeing the animal.
完成句子
②来吧，姑娘，没什么可害怕的。
Come on，old girl，there's nothing .
③他恐吓那位老太太签了字据。
He the paper.
④他听到那声音非常惊恐。
He the sound.
【答案】　①frightened ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；frightening　②to be frightened of　③frightened the old lady into signing　④was frightened atwww-2-1-cnjy-com
2．voyage n．(长途的)航海；航行；航程；旅行
Viking Voyages to America(教材P8)
北欧海盗的美洲之行
The explorer accomp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lished the voyage to Australia in 3 weeks.探险家在3周内完成去澳大利亚的航行。
The plane touched ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) at several airports on the return voyage.飞机在返回途中曾在好几个飞机场停靠。
voyage/journey/trip/travel/tour
voyage 强调海上或空中航行。
journey 指(尤指陆路长途的)旅行，行程。
trip 指(尤指短途的)旅行，旅游；(有目的的)外出，常含有回到原出发地之意。
travel “旅行”，表示“从一处到另一处”的最普通的词；travels“旅行，游历”，表示某人在一段时间内到处走。
tour (观光)旅行，旅游；巡回演出(比赛)等(常有最后回到原地的含义，距离可长可短)。
If you are going o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n a long car journey，make sure the vehicle is in good condition.如果你准备驾驶小汽车作长途旅行，一定要确保车辆运转状况良好。
I forgot to buy mil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k so I had to make another trip to the shop.我忘了买牛奶，只得再去一趟商店。
He described ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) some of the things he'd seen on/during his travels.他描述了一些他在旅行中的见闻。
用voyage，journey，trip，travel，tour填空
①How long did the from England to India use to take
②He came back after months of around the world.
③We had an uncomfortable in a crowded train.
④I go to work by train, and the takes 40 minutes.
⑤They began a world with four concerts in Britain.
【答案】　①voyage　②travel　③journey　④trip　⑤tour
3．The Vikings wer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e the first Europeans to reach America.(教材P8)北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。
句中不定式短语to re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ach America作后置定语，修饰the first Europeans。当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，常用不定式(短语)作后置定语。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个来，最后一个走。
英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况：
①被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；
②不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语；
③抽象名词time，way，rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )son，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定语；21·世纪*教育网
④被修饰词前有the only，the very，the next等词对其进行修饰时；
⑤表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，也有被动形式)；
⑥there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语。
Get him something to eat.给他拿点东西吃。
I have no courage to try it again after failure.
失败后我没有勇气再去尝试一次。
She is the only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )woman to have been elected to such a post.她是唯一一位当选该职位的女性。
There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担心的。
【对接高考】
(2013·北京高考)Volunt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eering gives you a chance lives, including your own.
A．change　　　　　　　　B．changing
C．changed D．to change
【解析】　句意：志愿者工作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )给了你改变生活的机会，包括你自己的。a chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”。如果用动词的 ing形式作定语，需借助于介词of，a chance of doing sth.“做某事的机会”，所以正确答案为D项。要注意常见的接动词不定式作定语的名词，如chance，ability，way等。
【答案】　D
完成句子
①The next train (到达的)is from Washington.
②Do you have anything (要说的)on the question
③My wish (游览法国的)has come true at last.
【答案】　①to arrive　②to say　③to visit France
4．long before很久以前
They achieved t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his long before Columbus ever set sail.(教材P8)早在哥伦布起航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。
He said he had read the book long before.
他说他很久之前就读过这本书。
It was long before...过了很久才……
It was not long before...没过多久就……
It will not be long before...要不了多久就会……
It will be long before...要过很久才……
It was long before I fell asleep.过了很久我才睡着。
It was not long before my mother came back.
没过多久妈妈就回来了。
It will not be long before my brother goes abroad.
要不了多久我哥哥就会出国。
long before/before long
long before 意为“在以前很久”，用于过去时或过去完成时的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句子中。接从句时before为连词；接名词、数词或代词时before为介词；什么都不接时before是副词。
before long 意为“不久，很快”，相当于soon，用于过去时、将来时和现在时的句子中，且只能单独作状语，后面不接从句。
Mary came back before long.
玛丽很快就回来了。
用long before，before long填空
①I had known her graduation.
② ，a truck stopped in front of her house.
【答案】　①long before　②Before long
5．In 982 AD，when a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) man called Eric the Red decided to set sail further west，there were as many as 10,000 Vikings living in Iceland.(教材P8)
公元982年，冰岛生活着多达一万的纳维亚人，就在此时，一个叫埃里克·雷德的人决定向西远航。
(1)set sail起航
The light faded as we set sail from the harbor.
当我们从海港起航时，天色逐渐变暗。
The ship will set sail for London at once.
船马上要起航去伦敦了。
set about着手，开始做(doing sth.)
set out出发，开始做(to do sth.)
set off出发，启程；引起
set aside节省；保留
set up建立；树立
set down写下；放下
set free释放
You must set about your work at once.
你必须立即开始工作。
She set off on a trip across Europe.
她出发去作横越欧洲的旅行。
【对接高考】
(2013·湖北高考)I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n much of the animal world, night is the time for sleep—pure and simple.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A．set aside B．set down
C．set off D．set up
【解析】　这里pure ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and simple表示“完全，不折不扣”，用来指某事只有唯一的原因。这里用set aside表示“留出，拨出(时间等)”，表示这段时间就是用来睡觉的。set down“写下”；set off“出发，引起”；set up“建立”。句意：在大多数动物世界里，夜晚就是完全用来睡觉的时间。
【答案】　A
用恰当的副词填空
①We also set some meat for elderly people.
②If you drop a lighted cigarette，you could set a fire.
③He set learning Chinese at age ten.
④Today we have accomplished what we set to do.
【答案】　①aside　②off　③about　④out
(2)further adv.更远；较远
We had walked further than I realized.
我们已走了比我意识到的距离更长的路。
I was too tired to go further so I stopped.
我太累了，不能再往前走，所以停了下来。
further/farther
further 指较为抽象的意义，意为“更进一步地”；也可指距离。
farther 指较为具体的意义，表示距离。
用further，farther填空
⑤The police decided to investigate the case .
⑥—Excuse me，could you tell me how to get to the zoo
—Walk down the road for 2 miles，please.
【答案】　⑤further　⑥farther/further
6．According to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) old stories of Iceland and Norway，Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder，for which he got into trouble.(教材P8)
根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因一起谋杀案而惹上麻烦，并被迫离开冰岛。
(1)according to根据；依据
According to these figures，the company is doing well.
从这些数字来看，这家公司经营得不错。
According to George，she's a really good teacher.
按照乔治的说法，她是一位真正的好教师。
【提示】　(1)according to表示“根据；按照”时，主要用来引出状语，一般不用来引出表语。
(2)according to后一般不接view(看法)和opinion(观点，意见)等词，也不接表示第一人称的代词(me，us)。
完成句子
①他们按年龄分成三组。
They divided themselves into three groups .
②请按大小将书分类。
Please arrange the books .
【答案】　①according to age　②according to size
(2)get into trouble陷入麻烦；陷入困境
Even an experienced climber can get into trouble.
哪怕是个有经验的登山者也可能陷入困境。
If you break law again，you will get into trouble.
若再违反法律，你会出麻烦的。
in trouble处于困境或险境
take the trouble to do sth.不厌其烦地干某事
have trouble (in) doing/with sth.做……有困难
look/ask for trouble找麻烦
make trouble制造麻烦
get sb.into trouble使某人陷入困境
You are always getting yourself in trouble.
你总是给自己找麻烦。
The naughty boys often came to make trouble.
那些淘气的男孩子经常来捣乱。
完成句子
③在大城市里，他总是一出门就遇到麻烦。
He is always when he is out in a big city.
④难道你不是在自找麻烦吗？
Aren't you ？
⑤小心点，否则你会给她惹麻烦的。
Watch out，or you'll .
【答案】　③getting into ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )trouble　④looking/asking for trouble　⑤get her into trouble
7．persuade vt.说服；劝说
He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland.(教材P8)
他说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。
The salesman persuaded us to buy his product.
那个推销员说服了我们买他的产品。
She persuaded me into buying it.
她说服我买下了它。
①persuade sb.to do sth.＝persuade sb.into doing sth.【版权所有：21教育】
说服了某人做某事
persuade sb.not to do sth.＝persuade sb.out of (doing) sth.说服了某人不做某事
persuade sb.that.../persuade sb.of sth.
使某人信服某事
②persuasion n．说服，劝服
③persuasive adj.有说服力的；能使人信服的
【提示】　persuade表示结果说服了 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；若表示“劝说”的动作，常用：try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。
Can you persuade her out of her foolish plan
你能劝她放弃她那个愚蠢的计划吗？
How can I persuade you that I am sincere
怎样才能使你相信我是真心实意的呢？
用persuade的适当形式填空
①It had taken a great deal of to get him to give up smoking.
②She didn't doubt he could be very .
③It will be difficult to them that there's no other choices.
【答案】　①persuasion　②persuasive　③persuade
8．make it to到达
Eric set sail once ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.(教材P8)
埃里克再次起航，这次有25艘船与他同行，但其中只有14艘最终抵达格陵兰岛。
Can you make it to Lily's birthday party tomorrow
你明天可以去莉莉的生日派对吗？
All I have to do is ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke it to the dock on the north side.我必须做的事是到达在北边的码头。
make it成功做到；出席；到场
make up编造；构成；打扮；弥补
make sense(使)有意义；讲得通
make use of利用
I'm really sorry，but I won't be able to make it on Sunday after all.
我真的很抱歉，星期天我根本不可能到场。
He tried hard to make up for the lost time.
他竭力试图弥补损失的时间。
【教师备课资源】　
make out(勉强地)看出；听出；理解
make it big大获成功；走红
make one's way去，前往
【对接高考】
(2013·陕西高考)—Shall we go for a drink at one o'clock this afternoon
— .Will two o'clock be OK
A．Sure，it's up to you
B．Sure, no problem
C．Sorry, I can't make it
D．Sorry, I'm not available today
【解析】　从答语后一句“Wil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l two o'clock be OK？”可知回答者是无法做到在下午一点钟去喝酒的。A项“当然，由你决定”；B项“当然，没问题”；C项“对不起，我去不了”；D项“对不起，我今天没空”。所以C项符合当时的对话情景。make it为固定搭配，意为“准时到达；获得成功；能参加，能出席；渡过难关”。句意：——咱们今天下午一点去喝点酒吧？——对不起，那个时候我去不了。两点可以吗？21世纪教育网版权所有
【答案】　C
完成句子
①我认为这周末我不能去参加聚会。
I don't think I would the party this weekend.
②汽车是由许多零件构成的。
A car is many different parts.
③你说的话没有意义(讲不通)。
What you said .
【答案】　①make it to　②made up of　③made no sense
9．in search of寻找；寻求
Not long after Er ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ic the Red had landed in Greenland，a man called Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Eric's party.(教材P8)
埃里克·雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人也从冰岛起航来寻找埃里克一伙人。
The scientists are in search of a new element.
科学家们正在寻找一种新元素。
in one's/the search for寻找；寻求；在寻找……的过程中
search sb.for sth.搜查某人寻找某物
search somewhere(for sb./sth.)
在某地搜寻(某人或某物)
search for sb./sth.寻找某人/物
search into调查，追究
search through把……仔细搜查一遍
They searched ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the whole cave thoroughly but didn't find anything except an empty trunk.他们彻底搜索了整个洞穴，但是，除了一只空的皮箱以外什么也没找到。
用search短语填空
①Michael went away water to drink.
②I the book everywhere.
③He all the drawers for the key.
【答案】　①in search of　②searched for　③searched through
10．Biarni was hoping t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o join his father who was with Eric，but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land，from where he eventually reached Greenland.(教材P8)
比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个未知的地方，从那里他最终抵达格陵兰岛。
(1)句中found himself in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an unknown island是个“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的句式，其中宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、形容词、介词短语、名词等。
I find the book hard to understand.
我发现这本书很难理解。
When I reached home，I found the door locked.
当我回到家时，我发现门锁着。
We found them waiting for us at the station.
我们发现他们在车站等着我们。
【对接高考】
(2011·浙江高考)Even the be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st writers sometimes find themselves for words.
A．lose　　　　　　　　　B．lost
C．to lose D．having lost
【解析】　句意：甚至连最好的作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )家有时也发现自己词穷(找不到好词)。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。(be)lost for words“难以用言语表达、无以应对”。
【答案】　B
完成句子
①When he woke up he (发现自己躺在医院里)．
②Sooner or later you'll (发现杰克是一个明智的人)．
③He (发现自己被包围)by a group of boys.
【答案】　①found himself ly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing in hospital　②find Jack a wise man　③found himself surrounded
(2)eventually adv.最终；终于
Eventually，after midnight，I arrived at the hotel.
我终于在午夜之后到达了那家旅馆。
He hated his stepfather and eventually ran away from home.
他恨他的继父，最终从家中逃走了。
eventually/at last/finally/in the end/at the end
eventually 侧重于动作或行为的结果。
at last 多指经主观努力，克服各种困难后才终于达到目的。
finally 常与at last换用，都可用于对往事的描述，但finally不带感彩，指一系列事情的最后结局。
in the end 与at last同义，但in the end不仅可指“过去”还可表示对“未来”的预计。
at the end 一般是用于at the end of，表示“在……的最后”。
④Although her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) grandma had been ill for a long time，it still came as a shock when she died.
A．slightly B．approximately
C．eventually D．directly
【解析】　eventual ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly意为“最后，终于”。句意：虽然她奶奶病了很长时间，但是最后她死时，仍让人感到震惊。slightly稍稍，轻微地；approximately接近，大约；directly直接地。
【答案】　C
11．Leif followed B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iarni's directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of present day Canada.(教材P8)赖伊夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据说是现在的加拿大海岸所在地。
what is believed to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be the coast of present?day Canada为介词to的宾语，由what引导，what在宾语从句中作主语。
what作连接代词的用法：
引导名词性从句的what，可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
①具有疑问代词性质的what，意为“什么，什么样的”。
②在名词前表示感叹的what，意为“多么”。
③具有关系代词性质的what，意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“……的……”。what在此相当于“the＋名词＋that”或者all that，既包含了先行词也包含了关系代词。
I don't know what he needs.
我不知道他需要什么。(what在宾语从句中作宾语)
Only then did I r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecognize what silly mistakes I had made.在那时我才意识到我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。(what在宾语从句中作定语)
What(＝The thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g that)happened after that was interesting.那之后发生的事很有意思。(what在主语从句中作主语)
China is no longer what(＝the China that)it used to be.
中国再也不是以前的中国了。(what在表语从句中作表语)
【对接高考】
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Police have found
appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A．which B．where
C．how D．what
【解析】　本题考查名词性从句的引 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )导词。句意：警察找到了可能是丢失的古代雕像的物品。A项which“哪一个”；B项where“哪儿”；C项how“怎样”；D项what“什么”。结合题干，空格前面是动词，表明这里可能是一个宾语从句，同时后面的句子缺主语，因此断定选what(＝the thing that/all that)，这个词不但引导宾语从句，而且还在从句中充当主语。
【答案】　D
完成句子
①他不是几年前的他了。
He is not a few years ago.
②我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。
Our income is now double .
③这就是他们称作盐湖城的地方。
they call Salt Lake City.
【答案】　①what he was　②what it was ten years ago
③This is what
12．apologise vt.道歉(美式英语拼写作apologize)
Mr Johnson apologised for the mistake.(教材P9)
约翰逊先生因为他犯的错误而道歉。
She insisted on apologising for her son's bad manners.
她坚持要为她儿子的不礼貌道歉。
①apologise for (doing) sth.
为(做)某事表示歉意
apologise to sb.for (doing) sth.
为(做)某事向某人道歉
②apology n．道歉
make/offer an apology to sb.for (doing) sth.
因(做)某事而向某人道歉
He apologised to the teacher for being late.
＝He made an apology to the teacher for being late.
他因迟到而向老师道歉。
用适当的介词填空
①I sincerely apologise whatever wrong I have done to you.
②You must apologise your friend being so late.
③If you see him，pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ease give my apologies not having written to him.
【答案】　①for　②to；for　③for
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会定语从句的用法。
①Eric set sail onc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.
②Eric reached Gre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed.
③Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans.
④By around 900AD，t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )here were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live.
[自我总结]　以上四句均为复合句， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )每句中都含有一个 。其中①③句的 分别为25 ships；the man， 前均有介词。②④句的 分别为the place；many places， 都是where。
【答案】　定语从句；先行词；关系代词；先行词；关系副词
关系副词和“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
Ⅰ.关系副词引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where，when，why等。
一、关系副词where
1．where引导的定语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country等)，在从句中作地点状语。
They went into the hall where the meeting was being held.他们走进正在开会的大厅。
2．where可以引导非限制性定语从句。
Galileo lived ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in the city of Pisa，where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.
伽利略住在比萨城，那里有座大约180英尺高的斜塔。
3．关系副词where常可用“介词＋关系代词”构成的表示地点的介词短语代替。
The office where(at which)he works is not far from here.他工作的办公室离这儿不远。
Japan is the pla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce where (in which) earthquakes frequently happen.日本是地震频繁爆发的地方。
【疑难辨析】
where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别
引导定语从句时，where是关系副 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。
He's got himself i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nto a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.(定语从句)他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。
When you read the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) book，you'd better make a mark where you have questions.(状语从句)
读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方作一下标记。
二、关系副词when
1．when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，在从句中作时间状语。
He came at a time when I least expected him.
他在我最意料不到的时候来了。
I'll never forget t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he day when I left for college with my father.我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。
2．when可以引导非限制性定语从句。
In the old days， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )when I was a little boy，the city had no industry to speak of.
在过去，那时我还小，这个城市没有工业可言。
3．关系副词when有时可用“介词＋关系代词”代替。
I still reme ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mber the day when(on which)I joined the Youth League.我仍然记得我加入共青团的那一天。
三、关系副词why
1．why引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示原因的名词(如reason，explanation，excuse等)，在从句中作原因状语。
Do you know the reason why she burst into tears
你知道她突然大哭的原因吗？
This is the explanation why he changed the plan.
这是他改变计划的解释。
2．关系副词why有时可用“介词＋关系代词”代替。
The reason why(for w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hich)he succeeded in the exam is that he worked very hard.他这次考试成功的原因是他学习非常努力。
【疑难辨析】
关系代词和关系副词的选择
当先行词是表示时间的time，d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay等或表示地点的place，house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果缺少主语或宾语，应用关系代词that或which，如果缺少时间状语或地点状语，应用关系副词when或where。
I'll never forge ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t the days which/that we spent together.(which/that作spent的宾语)
我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。
His father w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orks in a factory which/that makes radio parts.(which/that在从句中作主语)
他父亲在一家生产无线电零件的工厂里工作。
The house where ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.(where在从句中作地点状语)
我十年前住的房子已经被推倒了。
Ⅱ.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
一、关系代词的选取
　在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who或that；先行词指物时关系代词用which，不能用that。
This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘的船。
This is the student for whom I bought the book.
这就是我给他买书的那个学生。
二、介词的选取
1．根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该动词与介词搭配构成动词短语。
Is this the car for which you paid a high price
这就是你花高价买的车吗？(pay for sth.)
In the dark str ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eet，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn to sb.for help)
2．根据定语从句中的形容词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。该形容词与介词搭配构成形容词短语。
He brought the re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sult with which the boss was satisfied.他带来了结果，老板非常满意。(be satisfied with)
3．根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词，它与介词之间有一定的联系。
Do you still remembe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r the day on which we met for the first time？你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗？(on the day)
Do you still rem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ember the days during which we worked together？你还记得我们在一起工作的那些日子吗？(during the days)
4．根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )先行词完全一样，定语从句中的谓语动词与介词也不能构成固定的动词短语，这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。
This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·安徽高考)It's much easier to make friends
you have similar interests.
A．unless B．when
C．even though D．so that
【解析】　本题需要根据题干的意思和前后两 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句之间的逻辑关系来判断使用哪个关联词。unless除非，表示相反的条件；when表示时间(有时兼有条件)；even though即使，表示让步；so that以便，表示目的或结果。句意：当你们有相似的兴趣时，就更容易成为朋友。此处为时间兼条件，故选B项。
【答案】　B
2．(2013·北京高考)M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )any countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.
A．when B．which
C．whose D．where
【解析】　句意：眼下，许 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )多国家正在建立一些国家公园，动物和植物在那儿可以得到保护。分析结构可知，此处是考查定语从句的引导词，先行词为national parks，定语从句中缺少地点状语，要用where来引导，相当于in which。关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语；which在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whose只作定语，三者均不符合语境，故正确答案为D项。解答这类题目首先要找准先行词，然后根据定语从句所缺的成分来确定选项。
【答案】　D
3．(2012·上海高考)Have yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u sent thank you notes to the relatives from you received gifts
A．which B．them
C．that D．whom
【解析】　句意：收到亲戚的礼物，你给他 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们发了感谢信没有？本题考查定语从句。先行词为relatives，从句中的介词from提到了从句的句首，排除C项；先行词还原到后面的定语从句中作from的宾语，且指人，故排除A项，选D项。them不能引导定语从句。
【答案】　D
4．(2013·四川高考)Nowada ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ys people are more concerned about the environment they live.
A．what B．which
C．when D．where
【解析】　句意：现在人们更加关注 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他们生活的环境。分析句子结构可知，题中缺少定语从句的引导词，并且引导词要在从句中作地点状语，所以D符合题意。而what不能引导定语从句；which可以引导定语从句，但是在从句中作主语或宾语；when也可以引导定语从句，但是在从句中作时间状语。
【答案】　D
5．(2012·山东高考)Maria has written two novels，both of
have been made into television series.
A．them B．that
C．which D．what
【解析】　句意：玛丽娅已写了两部小说，它们都已被拍成了电视剧。空格处应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
【答案】　C
6．(2012·四川高考)In our class there are 46 students，
half wear glasses.
A．in whom B．in them
C．of whom D．of them
【解析】　句意：在我们班上 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有46个学生，其中有一半的学生戴眼镜。做此题可用排除法。因空格前有逗号，而无连接词，再分析句子结构可以判断，这是个非限制性定语从句，故首先排除B、D两项。再根据句意可知，此处指其中的一半，表所属关系应该用of。
【答案】　C
7．(2011·江苏高考)Betw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een the two parts of the concert is an interval， the audience can buy ice cream.
A．when B．where
C．that D．which
【解析】　句意：音乐会的两个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )部分中间有休息时间，在此期间观众可以去买冰激凌。when引导的定语从句修饰an interval，when在从句中作时间状语。
【答案】　A
8．(2011·天津高考)The da ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ys are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A．when B．that
C．where D．which
【解析】　句意：全靠体力谋生的日子已经一去不复返了。先行词为days，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when引导从句。
【答案】　A
9．(2011·浙江高考)A bank i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A．when　　　　　　　　　　B．that
C．where D．there
【解析】　句意：银行是在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )天晴之时借伞给你，到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方。本题考查定语从句。先行词为the place，将先行词代入定语从句后为：They lend you an umbrella in fair weather and...in the rain.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为C项。
【答案】　C
10．(2011·江西高考)She show ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed the visitors around the museum，the construction had taken more than three years.
A．for which B．with which
C．of which D．to which
【解析】　句意：她带领游客参观 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了这个博物馆，其建造花了三年多的时间。先行词是the museum，和construction之间具有所属关系，所以应该用介词of，故答案为C项。
【答案】　C
Ⅱ.用适当的介词和关系代词填空
1. The teacher I learnt most was Mrs.Zhu.
2. What's the name of the sport you go in a boat
3. Mathematics is the subject I am most interested.
4. This is the question we have had a discussion.
5. This is the house I was born.
6. Is that the girl you lent your bicycle
7. This is the pen I wrote the letter.
8. Is that the fish you asked the waiter
9．I need a knife I can cut the cake.
10．Do you remember the days we stayed together
【答案】　1.from whom　2.for which　3.in which
4．about which　5.in which　6.to whom　7.with which
8．for which　9.with which　10.in which
Period ⅢProtecting the Sea & The Sea World
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点词汇和句式的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些词汇和句式，并能够运用这些知识点造句。
3．通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够熟练的掌握形容词和副词比较级的语法功能。
4. 听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
●教学地位
形容词和副词比较级的语法内容让学生感觉比 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )较繁琐的知识，语法规则较多，易混易错的地方层出不穷。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，教学过程中不要让学生死记硬背语法条文。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
Answer these questions to prepare yourself.
Use the key words below to help you.
crab; seal; polar bear; dolphin; penguin; shark; whale
1．Which animal mentioned above is your familiar one
2．Can you write ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )comparative and superlative sentences about the sea creatures，using the adjectives below and others
dangerous; co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lourful; intelligent; big; small; friendly; beautiful; noisy; ugly; common.
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对学案预习的情况。 导入新课。 让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第11～15页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )分(见学案第15—16页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。 老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　　
老师对语法部分给以点拨，让学生掌握本单元语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )法知识。 让学生完成“当堂双基达标”(见学案第16页)。 师生共同讨论“当堂双基达标”并给出答案，并对难以理解的或有争议的地方给出详解。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
布置作业：让学生完成课本第5 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )6页第3题；第57页第2、3题；第59页第5题；完成“课时作业”和预习Period Ⅳ(见学案第17～22页)。 让学生进行“自我评估”(见学案第16页)。
1．ban vt.禁止 n．禁令；禁止(教材P10)
He's been banned from driving for a year.
他被禁止开车一年。
ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
ban on/against...禁止……
put a ban on...禁止……
remove/lift the ban on...解除对……的禁令
Everybody is banned from putting up notices randomly.
谁也不许胡乱张贴布告。
The government ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has banned/has put a ban on the use of chemical weapons.
政府已经禁止使用化学武器。
ban/forbid
ban 官方(或舆论)对于道德上应受强烈谴责或反对的事物下令加以禁止；在报刊语言中应用广泛。
forbid 正式用语，对象多半是与被禁止的人有直接或亲密关系，如父母、医生、主人、雇主等，带有不许做某事、必须遵从嘱咐或命令的意味。
I forbid you to call me late at night.
我禁止你在深夜给我打电话。
用ban，forbid的适当形式填空
①The police lift the against parking in this street.
②We shouting loudly in the office.
【答案】　①ban　②forbid
2．deal with应付，处理；对待
How can we deal with this problem？(教材P10)
我们如何处理这个问题？
He must deal with many difficulties.
他必须应付许多困难。
Be careful.She is very difficult to deal with.
可得当心，她很难对付。
deal with/do with
do with与deal with都有“处理，应对”的意思。
deal with deal with中的deal是不及物动词，常与连接(或疑问)副词how连用。
do with do with中的do是及物动词，常与连接代词what连用。
I don't know how they dealt with the problem.
＝I don't know what they did with the problem.
我不知道他们是怎么处理那个问题的。
【教师备课资源】　
deal in做买卖，经营
deal n．协议，交易
选词填空
①It's said in Aust ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ralia there are more lands than the government knows (how/what)to deal with.
②What are you going to (deal/do)with such problems
【答案】　①how　②do
3．altogether adv.完全；总共；总而言之
Some fish may disappear altogether.(教材P11)
有些鱼类可能彻底消失。
The noise has altogether stopped.
吵闹声完全停止了。
The school bought 100 computers altogether.
学校共买了100台电脑。
Altogether，the attempt was a success.
总体而言，这次尝试是成功的。
altogether/all together
作“完全”、“总共”解时，alto ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gether与副词短语all together意思接近，可用于修饰可数或不可数名词；但all together还可以表示“一道，一起”，此时，不能用altogether代替all together。
The family was all together for the holidays.
全家人一起度假。
用altogether，all together的适当形式填空
① ， it was a delightful town garden, peaceful and secluded.
② there are six new faces in the class.
③She knew a lot about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) food, but she didn't know enough to put it .
【答案】　①All together/Altogether　②All together/Altogether　③all together
4．make a living谋生
They also try to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )help people to get other kinds of jobs so there are less people trying to make a living from fishing.(教材P11)他们也尝试帮渔民们得到其他类型的工作，这样以捕鱼为生的人会少一些。
He left his office job to try to make a living on the land.
他辞去了办公室的工作，改以务农为生。
How can people make a living in this arid area
这片不毛之地上的人们怎么谋生呢？
谋生，维持生计
do sth.for a living 以……为生；靠……谋生
Her dream was to earn her living as a singer.
她的梦想是靠当歌手来谋生。
He asked me what I did for a living.
他问我靠什么生活。
单句改错
①He makes living by doing all kinds of things.
②Father never talked about what he did for living.
【答案】　①makes后加a　②for后加a
5．present vt.讲演；演示；赠送；颁发；出席；到场
How will you present your project？(教材P11)
你将如何展示你的计划？
The prize was presented to the winner.
优胜者被赠予奖品。
①present sth.to sb.把某物呈递/赠给某人
present sb.with sth.赠送/颁发某物给某人
②present n．现在，目前；礼物，赠品
for the present就目前而言；暂时
at present＝at the present time现在，目前
up to the present直到现在
③present adj.出席的，在场的；现在的，目前的
On his retirement，colleagues presented him with a set of golf clubs.
在他退休之际，同事们赠给他一套高尔夫球杆。
We do not have any ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )further information at the present time.目前我们没有进一步的消息。
【提示】　present作为形容词，作“在场的，出席的”讲时放在被修饰词的后面；而作为“现在的，目前的”讲时放在被修饰词的前面。
the people present at the meeting出席会议的人
the present president现任总统
翻译句子
At present，the g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irl present at the party is considering asking her father for the prize that just has been presented to him as a birthday present.
【答案】　现在，参加宴会的那个女孩正考虑向她父亲要那个刚颁发给他的奖品作为自己的生日礼物。
6．Well，they're animals ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of high intelligence and they can communicate.(教材P11)
哦，它们(海豚)是高智商的动物，能够进行交流。
句中的of high intellig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ence作后置定语，修饰animals，用以说明animals的性质、特征(注意：此处的of结构不是名词所有格)。
“(be)of＋名词”结构表示人或事物所具有的性质、特征或所属。
Speaking loudly is of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) great importance to beginners of English.大声说对英语初学者很重要。
Machines are of different types and sizes.
机器有不同的型号和规格。
完成句子
①这两个男孩一样大。
The two boys are .
②这些花的颜色各异。
These flowers are .
③姐妹俩在同一个班级。
The two girls are .
【答案】　①of an age　②of different colors　③of a class
7．Ok，I'm going to make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a project book with lots of pictures in it.(教材P11)
好，我将做一份有许多示意图的计划书。
句中的“with lots of pictures in it”是“with＋n.＋介词短语”结构，在句中作定语。
He likes to go to sleep with the window open.
他喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
Jack left the classroom with the lights on.
杰克离开了教室，灯还亮着。
“with复合结构”在句中可作状语，也可作定语。其主要构成如下：
with＋宾语＋宾补
I can't focus my at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tention on my study with the boys shouting.孩子们大喊大叫，我不能集中注意力学习。
Tom went out to play with his homework unfinished.
汤姆未做完家庭作业就出去玩了。
The manager ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was very worried with so many problems to settle.有这么多问题要解决，经理很着急。
完成句子
①由于有许多工作要做，他很焦急。
，he was very anxious.
②由于天气暖和，我们都想去散散步。
，we all like to go out for a walk.
③在这个导游的带领下，我们毫不费力地找到那个神秘的山洞。
，we had no difficulty in finding that mysterious cave.
【答案】　①With a lot of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) work to do　②With the weather warm　③With the guide leading the way
8．educate vt.教育；培养；训练
They can be ed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ucated about daily life on the beach in this exciting area.(教材P12)在这个令人兴奋的地方，他们(小孩)可以接受海滩上日常生活的教育。
He has been educated at college.
他接受过大学教育。
It is a difficult task to educate children.
教育孩子是件困难的事。
①educate sb.to do sth.教导某人做某事
educate sb.about sth.对某人进行关于……的教育
educate oneself 自学
②education n．教育
③educated adj.受过教育的
④educational adj.有教育意义的
Parents should educate their children to behave well.
父母应当教育子女守规矩。
The poor boy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) had to educate himself in the evening after finishing his work.
这个贫穷的孩子不得不在晚上干完活后自修。
teach/educate/train
teach 应用最广泛。指以训练或授课的方式“传授知识或技能”，即“教书；教人；教学；授课”等。
educate 经常暗指正式的教育，但特别强调天生能力的发展。
train 暗指集中教授专门技能以使人适合所要求的角色，以满足一定层次工作的需要。
用teach，educate，train的适当形式填空
①The firm its employees to be more efficient.
②I her to ride a bicycle.
③It's not easy to teenagers.
【答案】　①trained　②taught　③educate
9．attract vt.吸引，招引；有吸引力
Some fish at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tract other fish with a light on their body—and then eat them！(教材P12)有些鱼用它们身上的光来吸引其他的鱼，然后吃掉它们！
She was attracted by his smile.
她被他的微笑吸引住了。
The moon attracts the earth's seas towards itself.
月球对地球上的海洋有吸引力。
①attract one's attention 引起某人的注意
attract sb.to...把某人吸引到……
②attractive adj.吸引人的
③attraction n．吸引人的地方
have an attraction for sb.对某人具有吸引力
The beautiful beaches ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are the Maldives' main attraction.漂亮的海滩是马尔代夫主要的吸引人之处。
Schools must try to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) make science more attractive to youngsters.学校必须尽力使科学更能吸引年轻人。
用attract的适当形式填空
①The church is the town's main tourist .
②I thought he was very and obviously very intelligent.
③He wasn't sure whethe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r he'd got it right，although the theory him by its logic.
【答案】　①attraction　②attractive　③attracted
10．watch out注意
They have a h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uge mouth and can eat fish as big as themselves.Watch out！(教材P12)它们的嘴很大，可以吞下与它们自身一样大的鱼。当心！
Watch out！There's a car coming.
小心！有车过来了。
You'll be in trouble if you don't watch out.
如果你不注意的话会有麻烦的。
watch out为警告用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语，相当于look out/be careful，若其后接宾语，后应加相应的介词，即：＋宾语，表示“当心”的习惯表达。
You must watch out for the traffic here.
你得留心这里的交通。
【教师备课资源】　
“Be safe！”和“Take care！”均意为“当心！保重！”，通常用于表示对他人的关怀。
“Look out！”“Be careful！”和“Watch out！”均意为“小心啊！”，通常用于突如其来的情况。
“Attention！”意为“注意了！”，通常用在下口头通知及说明注意事项。
“Caution！”意为“注意！”，通常用于告示牌上的警告语(是最常用的)。
watch for观察等待(某人的出现或某事发生)
watch over看守；照管；监视
用watch out，watch out for填空
① ！The snake is poisonous.
② a tall man in a black hat.
③ spelling mistakes in your work.
【答案】　①Watch out　②Watch out for　③Watch out for
11．on the one hand...on the other hand...
一方面……另一方面……
On the one hand，we lov ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed most of the attractions，especially the one for the children.On the other hand，I didn't think that the café was as good as it should be.(教材P13)一方面，我们喜欢大部分吸引人的区域，尤其是儿童专区；另一方面，我认为餐厅还可以更好。
On the one hand I adm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ire his gift，but on the other hand I distrust his judgement.一方面我钦佩他的天赋，但另一方面我不信服他的判断。
On(the)one hand you a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ccept their presents；on the other hand，you are rude to them.一方面你接受了他们的礼物；另一方面你对他们又很粗鲁。
①有时候根据上下文的情况，只出现on th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e other hand，表示“(然而)另一方面”。on the other hand单独使用时，hand不能省略，但与on the one hand连用时，hand可省略。
②on the other hand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所表达的内容并不与前面的内容相反，只是提出一个不同的看法。on the contrary所表达的内容与前面的内容正好相反，多用于对话中。
—Are you nearly through？你快干完了吗？
—On the contrary，I've only just begun.
恰恰相反，我才刚刚开始。
完成句子
①这套房子不太好，可是它很便宜。
It's not a very nice flat. .
②一方面，这个小男孩很聪明，但另一方面，他很粗心。
On the one hand the little boy is very clever， .
【答案】　①On the other ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hand，it's cheap　②but on the other(hand)he is careless
12．measure vt.度量(大小、长短等)；测量；打量；估量
An average fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sh like this measures 90 centimetres in length，and it can weigh as much as 30 kilos.(教材P13)像这样的鱼，平均每条有90厘米长，并且体重可达30千克。
The tailor measured me for a suit.
裁缝量了我做衣服的尺寸。
The room measures about 12 feet by 13 feet.
房间大约是宽12英尺，长13英尺。
measure表示“量起来……高/长”时，是不及物动词，不能用被动语态。measure 用作名词时，意为“度量单位；测量；措施”。21·cn·jy·com
take/get one's measure(＝take the measure of sb.)量某人的尺寸；估量某人的能力
make...to one's own measure
根据某人自己的尺寸做(衣服)
take measures采取措施
We should take effe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ctive measures to improve our teaching.我们应当采取有效措施提高我们的教学质量。
Please make a suit to my measure.
请按照我的尺寸做一套西服。
【教师备课资源】　
be measured by用……来衡量
in great/large/some measures在很大/某种程度上
完成句子
①我想要这套西装照他自己的尺寸做。
I want the suit made .
②你们应该采取措施，鼓励他们致富。
You should encourage them to grow rich.
【答案】　①to his own measure　②take measures to
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会比较级的用法。
①It's three times as big underwater.
②They are less colour ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ful than some other fish but they move beautifully.
③Some fish can produc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e sounds almost twice as loud as your speaking voice!
④They have a huge mouth and can eat fish as big as themselves.
[自我总结]　以上四句均含有 结构，其中①③句为 表达方式，其结构为：倍数＋as...as；②句为 级，其结构为less...than...；④句为 的比较用法，其结构为：as...as。
【答案】　比较；倍数；比较；同级
形容词和副词的比较级
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是高考必考的语法项目，必须熟练掌握其用法。对于形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法应注意以下具体问题：
1．表示倍数的几个句型
(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...
(2)倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than...
(3)倍数＋the＋性质名词＋of...
(4)The＋名词＋be＋倍数＋what从句
(5)The＋名词＋be＋倍数＋that/those of...
At a rough estimate，Nigeria is three times the size of Great Britain.
＝At a rough estimate，Nigeria is three times as big as Great Britain.
＝At a rough estimate，Nigeria is three bigger than Great Britain.
粗略估算，尼日利亚的面积是大不列颠的3倍。
The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.
＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.
今年的产量是2008年的三倍。
2．同级的比较用as...as，the same...as，such...as引导。
Mr.Li is as good ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a teacher as Mr.Zhou；both of them are deeply loved by their students.
李老师与周老师一样慈祥，他们都被他们的学生所深深爱戴。
3．与比较级有关的结构及运用
(1)more and more意为“越来越……”，其后接名词(不可数名词或可数名词复数均可)，也可修饰形容词、副词、介词短语、动词等。
More and more people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are concerning themselves with environmental problems.越来越多的人关心环境问题。
(2)the＋比较级．..＋the＋比较级．..表示“越……越……”。
The harder you work，the more progress you will make.
你越努力，取得的进步就越大。
(3)否定＋比较级＝最高级
He has never spent a more worrying day.
他过了最担心的一天。
(4)no＋比较级＋than结构
“no＋比较级＋than”结构通常不是表示一般意义的否定，而是表示对两个待比较的对象同时进行否定，通常可理解为“与……一样不……”。
You are no more careful than he is.
你和他一样不仔细。
4．比较级的修饰语常见的有：
(1)rather，muc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h，still，even，far，any(常用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit，a great deal等。
(2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
(3)修饰最高级的有by far，nearly，almost，by no means等。
The bridge bein ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.现在正在修建的这座桥是迄今为止跨越黄河的最长的桥。
【特别提醒】　①比较的对象应该相同。
The weather here is colder than that of Beijing.
这里的天气比北京的天气冷。
②比较的对象不能相互包含，常见的句型是：
比较级＋than＋
The Mississi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ppi River is longer than any other river in the United States.密西西比河比美国其他任何一条河都长。21教育名师原创作品
China is larger than
③注意比较结构中的省略现象。
在日常交际中，彼此都明白的比较对象往往省略。
—What do you think of the film
——你认为这部电影怎么样？
—I have never seen a better one.(后边省略了than the film)——我从没有看过更好的一部。
Tom's composition，if n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot better(后边省略了than Jack's)，is at least as good as Jack's.汤姆的作文，如果不比杰克的好，至少跟他的一样好。
这种省略现象给考生正确判断造成一定的障碍，在高考中出现频率较高，应引起足够的重视。
1．(2012·课标全国卷)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e result is not very important to us，but if we do win，then so much .
A．the best　　　　　　　　　B．best
C．better D．the better
【解析】　so much the be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tter常常和if条件句连用，意为“如果……那就更好了”，其反义词组是so much the worse“那就更糟糕了”。句意：结果对我们来说并不非常重要，但是如果我们真的能赢，那就更好了。
【答案】　D
2．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)Next to biology，I like physics .
A．better B．best
C．the better D．very well
【解析】　句意：除了生物，我最喜 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )欢物理。学生在校学习的科目很多，在多个事物之中表达“最喜欢”，应该用最高级。本题中的前半部分有很强的迷惑性，其中“next to”在此意为“居于……之后”。很容易使人误以为是biology和physics两者相比较而误选A。
【答案】　B
3．(2013·安徽高考)It's said that the power plant is now
large as what it was.
A．twice as B．as twice
C．twice much D．much twice
【解析】　句意：据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数的表示法有多种，此处为“倍数词＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋其他”结构。
【答案】　A
4．(2013·江西高考)Ther ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e are a small number of people involved, possibly twenty.
A．as few as B．as little as
C．as many as D．as much as
【解析】　句意：有少数人被牵涉其中，可能才20人。as few as常用来强调数量出乎意料地少。根据语境可知A项正确。
【答案】　A
5．(2013·天津高考)I thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are meaningful things to do.
A．less B．more
C．the least D．the most
【解析】　句意：我认为每晚看电视是浪 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )费时间——有更多有意义的事要做。根据a waste of time可知说话人不同意每晚都看电视，故破折号后的意思是去做更多有意义的事，所以选择B项。less与题目原意正好相反，所以错误；C、D两项都是最高级形式，不符合语境。
【答案】　B
6．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))It may not be a great suggestion. But before is put forward, we'll make do with it.
A．a good one B．a better one
C．the best one D．a best one
【解析】　句意：这也许不是一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个很棒的建议，但是在 被提出之前，我们还是先凑合着用吧。分析题意可知，另一个建议是与先前的相比较，故应该用比较级，所以选B项。
【答案】　B
7．What a wonder！They' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve finished half of the project in such a short time.
A．no more than B．no less than
C．not more than D．much less than
【解析】　句意：真是奇迹！在这么短的时间内 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他们已经完成了这项工程的一半还多。no more than仅仅，只；not more than不超过；much less than远远不到；而no less than不少于，超过，符合语境。
【答案】　B
8．Bob ran the 100 me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tres in 9.91 seconds，and I have not seen this year.
A．the best B．a better
C．the most D．more
【解析】　由句意可知，今年还没有比这个更好的成绩。“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级的含义。
【答案】　B
9．About 11 mil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lion people have moved to this city.The population is as ten years ago.
A．as twice large B．twice as large
C．as many twice D．twice as many
【解析】　考查倍数的表达 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )法。句意：大约有一千一百万人搬到这座城市，现在这座城市的人口是十年前的两倍。表示倍数时，其结构为“倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...”；此处as ten years ago为省略句，补充完整为as it was ten years ago。
【答案】　B
10．The number of people present at the concert was
than expected.There were many tickets left.
A．much smaller B．much more
C．much larger D．many more
【解析】　表示数目的多少 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用large或small，不能用many或much，故应将B、D两项排除；依据后句提示可知，还剩下许多票没卖出去，故只能选择much smaller，much用来修饰比较级，加强语气。
【答案】　A
Ⅱ.用形容词或副词的适当形式填空
1．There are (many)new beautiful spots here than in other cities of China.
2．This lesson is (easy)than the last one.
3．Of the two girls I'm teaching，I find Nancy the (clever)．
4．Gold is (little)useful than iron.
5．My sister is two years (old)than I.
6．The boy runs almost as (badly)as Joe.
7．The boy runs almost as (quickly)as his teacher.
8．He could drive as (carefully)as his father.
9．This article is slightly(稍微的) (well)organized than that one.
10．We all love oursel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ves (much)and hate ourselves (little)than we ought.
【答案】　1.more　2.easier　3.cleverer　4.less　5.older
6．badly　7.quickly　8.carefully　9.better
10．more；less
Period ⅣSea Stories & Communication Workshop
(教师用书独具)
●课标解读
1．通过学案中所给出的重点词汇的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些词汇。
2．通过对这些知识点的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
3．借助本学案写作提升的讲解，培养学生用英语写调查报告的能力，逐步养成用英语书写应用文体的能力。
●教学地位
本单课时讲解的知识点是以教材重点 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词汇和句式出现的先后顺序依次呈现的。通过一篇相关话题的写作训练，思路点拨→词汇热身→句式温习→连句成篇。一步一步教会学生如何写出一篇调查报告。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
每一位学生都有各自独特的经历和体验，结合本 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )课时即将提到的大海里的故事，让同学们各自表达自己在特定环境和情形下的故事，共同分享彼此的快乐和悲伤。
●教学流程设计
检查上堂课布置的作业。 导入新课。 学生快速阅读课文(见课本第14～15页)并根据学案所设置的“语篇理解”问题作出选择。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
学生共同讨论，师生统一答案。 让学生再次 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )仔细阅读课文，并完成学案中“经典句子”部分(见学案第17页)。 学生就学案中的问题相互交换意见，老师指导学生统一答案。
　　　　　
学生完成“要点讲练”部分(见学案第17 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )～21页)。 学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。 学生完成“写作提升”部分(见学案第21～22页)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
老师布置作业：让学生完成课本第60页第2题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，第61页的阅读理解。让学生自学学案Ⅴ的内容，然后做“单元归纳提升”部分(见学案第24～26页)。 让学生做“课时作业”。 学生进行“自我评估”(见学案第22页)。
Ⅰ.语篇理解
1．What did the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )writer and his two brothers do when they were caught in the storm
A．They were fishing.
B．They were playing on the islands.
C．They were returning home.
2．What made the brothers go in the direction of the whirlpool
A．The wind and wave.
B．The brothers themselves.
C．Nothing.
3．“It”at the beginning of Part A refers to .
A．that the brothers were on the edge of the whirlpool
B．that the brothers were in a terrible storm on their way home
C．that the writer felt calmer at that moment
【答案】　1.C　2.A　3.C
Ⅱ.经典句子
1． less than a single day my hair from black to white.
就在不到一天的时间里，我的头发由黑变白。
2．One day，my two broth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers and I were coming back from the islands， .
一天，我和我的两个兄弟从海岛返回，船上载满了鱼。
3．... to recover my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear.
我正竭力从恐惧中回过神来，就在这时，哥哥把嘴凑到我耳旁……
4