【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语北师大版必修三教师用书Unit 8　Adventure

本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
Unit 8　Adventure
【美文阅读】　
你体验过瞬间刺激的冒险运动吗？蹦极就是一个不错的选择，尝试之前先来品味一番下文作者蹦极时心惊肉跳的感受吧！
I never thought that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it absolutely needed lots of courage to decide，“Should I jump，or should I wait until someone pushes me or even to tell me NO REFUND AT ALL！”
At the same time，a co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uple of Americans shouted at me“Hurry up！”Perhaps they didn't want to wait and take turns.All I could hear was the voice from the safety crew standing next to me saying，“Relax.Breathe deeply.Look at those beautiful mountains in the distance...Five.Four.Three.Two.One.Jump！”
Ironically(讽刺地)，his f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inal countdown didn't work because we were all still standing right there，right on the small platform located on the top of the hill above Queenstown，South Island of New Zealand.
People know Q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ueenstown is famous for this thrilling activity，even though there are other things worth seeing and fun to do there.But only bungee jumping appeals to me.Once I arrived there，I dragged my best friend to join the list of crazy guys who love bungee jumping.Well，as soon as I stepped on the tiny walkway
leading to the plat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )form，all my heroic bravery was gone and seemed to be left at the registry(登记) counter of the shop on the ground when I paid the money.
Looking downwards ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) along my heavy path，I realized，“Gee，it's amazingly high from the ground，maybe I should simply waste the money in order to save my life！”But，at last，I closed my eyes and then jumped.
I started to scre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )am louder and louder in my heart but concealed this feeling by making no sounds at all outside.I had already been very embarrassed to linger(逗留)there at the edge the moment before，and thus I had to be a bit cool through the whole process of jumping to save face.
Being up side down，han ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ging in the sky was not fun at all.The most memorable second was the time before and right after I jumped.That's my best conclusion from the bittersweet experience of bungee jumping.
【诱思导学】　
1．Why did the Americans shout at the author
2．Hearing the final countdown，what did the author do
3．Why did the author finally jump
【答案】　1.Because they were waiting for their turns.
2．He didn't obey the order to jump down at once.
3．Because he didn't want to lose face before others.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给内容的学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )习，了解下一课时即将出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，将对下一节课内容的全面理解起到了铺垫作用。
●教学地位
此部分内容是是对下一课时的感悟和预 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )习，合理利用本学案，能大大提升下一课时的课堂效率，有效促进学生对新单元学习的热情，提升课堂的积极活跃程度，并能在课上能与老师形成较为默契的配合。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
让学生讨论个人的生活冒险经历及感受，直接 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )导入新课。在设计这堂课时，要从激发学生探索未知世界的角度出发，介绍有关的词汇和表达，给学生布置具有一定挑战性的任务，让学生以生活冒险探索未知为题进行讨论或口笔头描述。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。 学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱思导学”(见学案第27页)。 学生就“美文阅读”进行讨论，统一答案。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
学生再次仔细阅读课文，(课本第22页 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))进行深夜理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第28—29页)。 师生共同讨论并统一答案。 让学生快速阅读课文(见课本第22页)并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第28页)。
　　　　　
学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后统一答案。 学生再次阅读课文(课本第22页)并完成“语篇理解”(见学案第28页)。 老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
让学生根据所给出的表格进行“自 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我评估”(见学案第29页)。 学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案，老师予以更正。 让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第29页)。
　　　　　
老师布置作业：让学生完成课文第22—23页第3、8课预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第29～36页)。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
根据P22的Reading部分，在表格中填入恰当的单词或短语，每空不超过3个单词
Adventure in the Himalayas
Yourfeeling ·Walking along a mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )untain path，you feel 1. .·The amazing Mount Qomolangma looks great.·While you are having a hot cup of tea，you relax and watch the sun go down.
Informationabout Adventure2,000 Organisation of hikes 2. who know a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll the best routes and best places to camp. All teams have cooks and3. ，who help prepare delicious meals and 4. your luggage.
Flights arrangements From London to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Beijing，from Beijing to 5. and bus travel in Tibet.
Accommodation Comfortable hotels ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in Beijing and Lhasa，hostels on the hiking trip，and one—or two person 6. for camping.
Informationabout Adventure2,000 Extra offers If you like history ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，there is a trip to Western China.If you prefer to spend some time on the coast，we can organise your travel and 7. too.
Difficulty of hikes Class A hike—you have to be 8. . Class B and C hikes are easier.
Costs and time Prices and dates Costs：￡2,500 9. all flights and accommodation. 10. is 15 people.Hikes are between October and May.
【答案】　1.tired　2.Experienced guides　3.porters
4．carry　5.Lhasa　6.tents　7.accommodation　8.fit
9．including　10.Maximum group size
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P22的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Adventure 2000 is the name of .
A．an organisation
B．an extreme sport
C．an international match
2．Unlike a lot of other hiking holidays，Adventure 2000
.
A．never sounds interesting
B．has experienced guides
C．offers special services
3．If you join in Adventure 2000， .
A．you must be fit
B．you may live in the Tibetan local people's home
C．you have to book tickets yourself
4．What information is NOT included in the passage
A．How much you will cost.
B．When you can start your trip.
C．What you should take with you.
5．The passage is most likely .
A．a science report
B．an advertisement
C．a piece of news
【答案】　1.A　2.C　3.A　4.C　5.B
Ⅲ.课文缩写
从方框中选择恰当的单词或短语，完成下列短文
best places；luggage； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )go straight；fit；maximum；altitude；optional choices；in comfortable hotels；cooks and porters uncomfortable
Hiking trips can be 1. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and even dangerous.However，at Adventure 2000 the people there understand the needs of hikers.All the guides have much experience and they know all the best routes and 2. to camp.As well as the group guide，all teams have 3. ，who carry your 4. which means that you can simply enjoy the experience.
The people there a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lso think good arrangements are important.In Beijing and Lhasa，they have accommodation 5. .If you don't want to 6. home after the hiking，you have 7. .There is a trip to Western China or you can spend some time on the coast.
There is a Class A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hike—you have to be 8. .There are walks of six to eight hours，with a maximum 9. of over 5,000 metres.Hikes are between October and May and 10. group size is 15 people.
【答案】　1.uncomfortable ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　2.best places　3.cooks and porters　4.luggage　5.in comfortable hotels　6.go straight
7．optional choices　8.fit　9.altitude　10.maximum
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．major　　　　　　A. a way that you follow from one place to another
2．uncomfortable B．like better；value more highly
3．route C．feeling mental or physical discomfort
4．luggage D．very large or important
5．prefer E．cases used to carry belongings when traveling
6．maximum F．to be different from sb./sth.
7．differ G．the l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )argest possible quantity or the greatest possible degree
【答案】　1.D　2.C　3.A　4.E　5.B　6.G　7.F
Ⅱ.短语填空
go down；as well as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；right now；feel anxious；take off；on the horizon；look for；think about
1．When do you guess the airplane will ？
2．They're on vacation in Hawaii .
3．It's too early to college.
4．He shared in my sorrows in my joys.
5．We sat and watched the sun .
【答案】　1.take off　2.right now　3.think about　4.as well as　5.go down
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．And our porters c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arry your luggage，which means that you can simply enjoy the experience.21cnjy.com
并且我们的搬运工为你搬运行李，这意味着你能尽情享受旅行。
2．There are wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lks of 6－8 hours most days，with a maximum altitude of 5,545 metres.
大多数时候，每天要在海拔高达5,545米的高原上步行6至8小时。
3．While on a hiking trip，our cooks prepare delicious meals.21·cn·jy·com
在长途徒步中，厨师会准备好美味食品。
Period ⅡWarm up & Adventure Holidays
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过对学案中重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，并能够运用这些词语造句。
3．通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
4．通过对动作动词与状态动词的教学，让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识。
●教学地位
词汇学习和记忆是英语学习的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一个重要环节，在课堂教学中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和记忆英语单词和短语是本部分教学的重点所在。本课时的语法是动作动词与状态动词，应根据学生的实际基础状况做耐心细致的讲解。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
可以尝试用学生日常生活的话题互动式引入本课：
T: I think most of us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) like going on a holiday in your daily life. Some activities in your holiday are very adventurous, do you think so
S：
T：We know about all ki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nds of adventurous travel, exploration and extreme sports. What are your favorite adventurous stories in your holidays
Tell the class. Use so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me key words to help you. (Show some slides about adventurous activities)
S：
T: Why do you like these activities
S：
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )检查学生对学案预习的情况。 导入新课。 让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第29～34页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )见学案第33～35页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。 老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　　
老师对语法部分给以点拨，让学生掌握本单元语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )法知识。 让学生完成“当堂双基达标”(见学案第35～36页)。 师生共同讨论“当堂双基达标”，给出答案，并对难以理解的或有争议的地方给出详解。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
布置作业：让学生完成课本第66～67页 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第2、3、5题；完成“课时作业”并预习Period Ⅲ(见学案第36～42页)。 学生进行“自我评估”(见学案第36页)。
1．take off起飞
I've been on plan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es lots of times and it always feels great，especially when you take off！(教材P21)
我曾经坐过许多次飞机，那种感觉好极了，特别是在起飞的时候。
Ladies and gentl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )emen，please fasten your seat belts.The plane is taking off.
女士们，先生们，请系好安全带。飞机就要起飞了。
take off还有下列意思：
脱下(衣服)；摘掉；休假；休息；迅速走红；开始成名
take after长得像；性格像
take down取下；记下
take in理解；领会；明白
take on从事(某项工作)；呈现
take up占据；从事某项活动；发展某种爱好
take over接收；接管
The boy takes after his father.
这个男孩像他的父亲。
I will tell you how to get to the place；you'd better take it down.
我要告诉你怎么到那个地方，你最好记下来。
We could hardly take in what he was saying.
我们几乎不能理解他正在说的话。
【对接高考】
(2013·辽宁高考)Briggs w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ill as general manager when Mitchell retires.
A．get away　　　　　　　B．take over
C．set off D．run out
【解析】　get away意为“走 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )开；逃脱惩罚”；take over意为“接管；接任”；set off意为“出发；动身”；run out意为“用完；耗尽”。根据retires(退休)可得知答案。句意：当Mitchell退休时，Briggs将会接任总经理的职务。
【答案】　B
用take短语完成下列句子
①The policeman every detail of the accident.
②The lesson was too difficult for the class to .
③The plane despite the fog.
④When he left school he journalism.
【答案】　①took down　②take in　③took off
④took up
2．major adj.较重要的；较严重的(教材P21)
We have encountered major problems.
我们遇上了大问题。
There is a major problem with parking in London.
在伦敦，停车是个很大的问题。
major vi.主修；专攻n.主修课程；专业学生
major in...主修；专政……
major on...专门研究
My major is the subject of chemical engineering.
我的专业是化学工程学。
完成句子
①他在大学专修数学。
He in maths in college.
②她是历史专业的学生。
She is a .
【答案】　①majored　②history major
3．tiring adj.令人疲劳的
Yes，but I think th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at travelling around for weeks would be quite tiring.(教材P21)
是的，但我想四处旅行数个星期会很疲乏。
A long row is very tiring.
长时间的划船是很累人的。
tired adj.累的
be tired from/with由于……而累
be tired of厌倦
I am not really tir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed of being a teacher，but I am actually tired from it.
我不厌烦当老师，但是当老师确实使我很累。
Sooner or later he will be tired of politics.
迟早他会厌倦政治的。
tired/tiring/tiresome
tired 意为“累了的”，表示人的一种感受，主语常为表示人的名词或代词；也可作定语等。
tiring “令人感到劳累的，(工作等)令人疲倦的，辛苦的，无聊的”，主语常为表示事物的名词或代词；tiring也可作定语或补语。
tiresome 相当于annoying(令人烦恼的)，tiring或uninteresting，用法与一般形容词相同。
We found his long speech very tiresome.
我们觉得他的长篇演说真叫人讨厌。
【教师备课资源】　
tire v．使疲劳/累　　　tire sb.out使某人十分疲劳
tiredness n．疲劳 tire of(doing)sth.厌烦(做)某事
用tired，tiring，tiresome填空
①I am of watching TV；let's go for a walk.
②Such a long climb is to all of us.
③I found this so called joke quite .
④Tom is really of his work.
【答案】　①tired　②tiring　③tiresome
④tired；tiring
4．go down(船)下沉；(价格)下跌；(温度等)下降；(洪水等)下落
The food coo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king on the fire smells great and while you are having a hot cup of tea，you relax and watch the sun go down.(教材P22)
烤在火上的食物散发着诱人的香味，你喝着一杯热茶，轻松地欣赏着日落。
The moon has gone down.月亮已落下去了。
go against 违反，对……不利
go away离开，走开
go back 回去
go by过去，(时间)逝去
go in for从事，喜好
Don't do anything that should go against his will.
不要做违背他心意的事。
I don't go in for loud popular music.
我不喜欢喧闹的流行音乐。
【教师备课资源】　
go off离去，去世，爆炸
go out出去，熄灭
go through通过，经历，仔细看
go up上升，上涨
go with与……协调、搭配
go without没有……也行
go over检查，复习
猜测下列句中go down的意思
①Prices on the stock exchange have begun to go down.
②Her temperature has gone down.
③The floods are going down.
④The ship went down and at last went out of sight.
【答案】　①下跌　②下降　③消退　④下沉
5．uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不自在的
Hiking trips can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be uncomfortable and even dangerous.(教材P22)徒步旅行可能很不舒适，甚至很危险。
I feel uncomfortable in this chair.
我坐这张椅子觉得不舒服。
He began to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )feel uncomfortable at the man's hard stare.在那人逼视下他开始感到不自在。
comfort n．舒服
give comfort to安慰(某人)
in comfort放松地；舒服地
be a comfort to对……是安慰品/安慰者
comfort vt.使舒服
comfort sb.for sth.因某事安慰某人
comfortable adj.舒服的
uncomfortable不舒服的
discomfort n．不安，不适
I enjoy having my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) friends at home sometimes—it makes the place feel comfortable and warm.我有时喜欢叫朋友来家里——这使家更加舒适和温暖。
用comfort的适当形式填空
①His large income enabled him to live in .
②He feels with strangers.
③My house is not big，but it is .
④The hot weather caused me much .
【答案】　①comfort　②uncomfortable　③comfortable ④discomfort
6．route n．路线；路程
They know all the best routes and best places to camp.(教材P22)www-2-1-cnjy-com
他们熟知所有最佳长途徒步路线及最好的宿营地。
We weren't sure about which route we should take/follow.我们不知道该走哪条路。
We traced out our route on the map.
我们在地图上画出了我们的路线。
route/road/way/street
route 意为“路线”，通常是迂回的，可以包括数条道路或街道，有时甚至包括小路、小巷，使用范围较广。
road 意为“路、道路”，指供车辆或行人通过的大道，两侧一般没有房子。
way 意为“道路”，指任何可以通行的路，含义较抽象。口语中问路时常用way。way还可指“路程；距离”。
street 意为“街道”，指城镇、乡村任何两旁有房子的路。
用route，road，way，street填空
①That postman is in charge of this .
②The car is running along the .
③I asked the to the station.
④There are many shops in the .
【答案】　①route　②road　③way　④street
7．as well as不但……而且……；和……一样，又，也
As well as the group guide，all teams have cooks and porters.(教材P22)
所有登山队都配有厨师、搬运工和向导。
Jack does as well as Tom in the navy.
杰克在海军中的表现和汤姆一样好。
①not only...but(also)．..“不仅……而且……”，重在强调but also之后的人或事物。
②as well as重在强调其 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )前的人或事物。as well as引导的短语在主语之后说明主语或作插入语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语保持一致。
③主语后面接说明主语的修饰语或插入 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语with，along with，together with，in addition to等时，谓语动词的数不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持与主语一致的原则。
He gave me not only advice but also some books.
他不仅给我提了些建议，而且还给了我一些书。
The teacher，as well as the students，has seen the film.
老师，还有学生都看过这部电影。
【对接高考】
(2013·福建高考)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e famous musician，as well as his students， to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A．were invited B．was invited
C．have been invited D．has been invited
【解析】　句意：这位著名的音乐 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )家和他的学生被邀请为2012年台北花卉展的开幕式表演。“被邀请”是一个发生在过去的动作，而且不表示对现在造成了影响，也不表示动作持续到现在，所以不能选用完成时。根据主谓一致的语法规则，A as well as B作主语时，遵循“就前原则”，也就是说谓语动词要和A保持一致。也可以理解为本句的主语是A而不是B，所以本题谓语动词的数要和the famous musician保持一致，用was invited。
【答案】　B
完成句子
①不仅你，还有杰克去过杭州。
Not only you but also Jack .
②不仅他父母经常来看他，而且他哥哥也经常来。
His brother as well as his parents often .
【答案】　①has been to Hangzhou　②comes to see him
8．While on a hiking trip，our cooks prepare delicious meals.(教材P22)
在长途徒步中，厨师会准备好美味食品。
While on a hiking trip为状语从句的省略。
在when，while，unless，if等 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )引导的状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致，且谓语动词含有be动词，或从句中含有it is，可省略从句的主语及be动词。
常见的结构：
①连词＋　＋主句
②在if it is possible，when it is necessary等类似结构中，it is 常可省略。
If (the problem is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )) not dealt with properly，more accidents will happen.
如果问题处理得不恰当，还会发生更多的事故。
I'll turn to you for help when (it is) necessary.
必要时我会找你帮忙的。
【对接高考】
(2012·新课标全国卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Film has a much shorter history，especially when such art forms as music and painting.
A．having compared to B．comparing to
C．compare to D．compared to
【解析】　句子的主语是f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ilm，它和compare之间是被动关系，要用被动形式，因此只能选择D项。“when compared to...”相当于when引导的状语从句的省略，补全后为：when it is compared to...。句意：电影的历史短得多，尤其是它与诸如音乐、绘画等艺术形式相比较时。
【答案】　D
用上述结构完成句子
①Be careful (当横穿街道时)．
② (如果可能)，come here earlier.
【答案】　①while crossing the street　②If(it is)possible
9．prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)
For people who pre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fer to spend some time on the coast，we can organise your travel and accommodation too.(教材P22)对于那些喜欢在沙滩度过的游客来说，我们同样可以帮助你们组织旅行并提供食宿。
Mr.Brown preferred spending his spare time doing some reading.
布朗先生比较喜欢把业余时间用来读点书。
prefer doing/to do sth.更喜欢做某事
prefer(doing)A to(doing)B 比起(做)B更喜欢(做)A
prefer to do A rath ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er than(to)do B 宁愿做A也不做B(rather than位于句首时，其后的to必须去掉)【版权所有：21教育】
prefer sb.to do sth.宁愿某人做某事
prefer that...宁愿……(从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省去)
Most people prefer trains to buses.
大多数人愿意坐火车而不愿坐公共汽车。
I prefer writing a t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erm paper to taking an examination.我宁愿写一篇学期论文也不愿参加考试。
He prefers to rent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one rather than(to)buy a car of his own.(＝Rather than buy a car of his own，he prefers to rent one.)他宁愿租一辆车，也不愿买一辆属于自己的。
【提示】　英语表达中还有很多固定的结构表示“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )喜欢”、“宁愿……也不……”，如would like to do...，feel like(doing)sth.，would do...rather than do...(＝would rather do...than do...)等。
完成句子
①我喜欢唱歌胜过演戏。
I singing acting.
②他宁愿待在家也不愿去电影院看电影。
He prefers to stay at home go to the movies.
③怀特夫妇周末喜欢去购物。
Mr.and Mrs.White prefer at weekends.
④我们倒希望他们用一种不同的方法去做。
We prefer that they it in a different way.
【答案】　①prefer；to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　②rather than　③to go shopping/going shopping　④(should)do
10．maximum adj.最大的；最多的
There are walks o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f 6－8 hours most days, with a maximum altitude of 5,545 metres.(教材P22)
大多数时候，每天要在海拔高达5545米的高原上步行6至8小时。
What's your maximum distance ever walked
你最多走过多远？
①maximum用作名词，表示“最大量；最大限度”。
②反义词：minimum最低的；最小的；最小值；最少量；最低限度
The job will r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )equire you to use all your skills to the maximum.这项工作将要求你最大限度地发挥你的技能。
The minimum number of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )students we need to run the course is fifteen.开这门课我们最少需要15个学生。
用maximum，minimum填空
①Tourists can stay up to a of 90 days.
②We must reduce the u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se of all pesticides(杀虫剂)to the absolute .
③The age to buy cigarettes is 18.
【答案】　①maximum　②minimum　③minimum
11．including 包括……在内
The hike costs ￡ 2,500 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) including all flights and accommodation.(教材P22)旅行费用为2500英镑，包括所有机票费和食宿费。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
We three includ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing Tom，went to see that film last night.包括汤姆在内，昨晚我们三个去看了那部电影。
including/included
including 介词，通常放在被包括对象的前面
included 过去分词，通常放在被包括对象的后面
There are forty people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) present now，including two children/two children included.
目前有40个人在场，其中包括两个孩子。
用include的适当形式填空
①They have many pets， three cats.
②What swimming events are in the Olympic
③The bill came to $467，tax .
【答案】　①including　②included　③included
12．right now就在此刻
SRight now，I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )work for a group of Austrian hikers who have all been here before.(教材P23)目前我在为一群奥地利徒步旅行者工作，他们以前都来过这里。2-1-c-n-j-y
We need to deal with this problem right now.
我们必须马上处理这个问题。
①right now表示“立刻，立即，马上”。
②right用作副词，表示“立即；正好，恰好”等，常用作状语，用于修饰另一个表示时间或地点的状语。
③表示“现在，立刻，马上”的词(组)通常还有：
at once，right ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) away，straight away，immediately，without a moment's thought，in no time，right off，in a second，without delay，before the ink is dry
The match is on live right after the six o'clock news.
比赛就在六点新闻后现场直播。
She was standing right in the center of the room.
她就站在房间的正中间。
完成句子
①设想一下你的房子开始震动了，你必须立刻离开。
Imagine your house begins to shake and you must
.
②他现在不在办公室。
He's not in the office .
【答案】　①leave it right now　②right now
13．differ vi.不同；相异
How do the tourists differ from local people？(教材P23)旅行的人和当地的人有什么不同？
That's where we differ.
那就是我们(意见)分歧的地方。
①differ
differ from sb.about/on sth.关于某事不同意某人
②difference n．不同之处
Our tastes differ from each other.我们的嗜好不同。
【教师备课资源】　
differ from...in在……方面与……不同
different adj.不同的，有区别的
be different from sb./sth.in sth.
在某方面不同于某人或某物
make a/little/no/any difference有/很少有/没有/有任何影响；要紧/不太要紧/不要紧
用适当的介词填空
①Old English differs the English we speak now.
②Human facial expr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )essions differ those of animals the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.
③The symptoms(症状) did not differ the two groups.
【答案】　①from　②from；in　③between
14．anxious adj.不安的；渴望的(非正式)；使人焦虑或担心的
From that moment the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y started to feel anxious and they slept badly that night.(教材P23)从那时起，他们开始感到担心，并且那天晚上他们睡得很不好。
He was anxious for the safety of his money.
他担心他的钱是否安全。
be anxious about/for sb./sth.
担心、担忧某人/某物
be anxious for sth./(for sb.)to do sth.
渴望某事物；急切想要某事物
be anxious that?clause
渴望……(从句中谓语用should＋动词原形)
She was anxious that she should have all she wanted.
她非常希望她能拥有她想要的一切。
anxious/eager
anxious “焦急的，发愁的”，含有未知结果如何，有些为之担心的意味，也可接for(about)和to do。
eager “渴望的；热切的”，着重指渴望某事或做某事的热切及迫切的心情，含有积极的意义，后面可接for和to do。
【教师备课资源】　
anxiety n．忧虑；渴望
with anxiety＝anxiously焦虑地
anxiously adv.焦急地；担忧地
用anxious，eager填空
①He is to know the result of the exam.
②The doctor is about/for his health.
③They are for success.
【答案】　①eager　②anxious　③eager
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会动作动词与状态动词的用法。
①You are thinking about how far there is to go.
②It looks great.
③A few minutes later，you arrive at the camp.
④They know all the best routes and best places to camp.
⑤We also think that good travel arrangements are important.
⑥While on a hiking trip，our cooks prepare delicious meals.
[自我总结]　以上六句话中①句中的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )think用于进行时态，为 动词；⑤句中的think表达心理和情感的变化，为 动词。②句中的look表示感官感觉的动作，为 动词。③句中的arrive，⑥句中的prepare表示动作活动，为 动词。
【答案】　动作；状态；状态；动作
动作动词与状态动词
英语动词按其是否可以用于进行时态的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语义特征，分为动作动词和状态动词。大量的动词是表示动作的，可以用于进行时态。有一些动词是表示状态的，不能用于进行时态。还有不少动词，兼有动作与状态两种特性，而其含义是不同的。
一、动作动词
1．活动动词
这类动词表示各种活动，可用于各种时态，如do，play，ask，drink，rain等。
2．过程动词
这类动词表示情况的改变，可用于进行时态，如turn，become，grow，change等。
注意：①有些动作动词表示的是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )短暂性的动作，没有持续性，即“一发生就结束”的动作。这类动词一般称为“非延续性动词”或“终止性动词”，不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，lose，land，catch，join，kill，find，occur，happen，take part in等。
He has joined the club for a long time.(误)
He has been a member of the club for a long time.(正)
他成为这个俱乐部的一员很长时间了。
②但是，有几个表示去向的非延续性 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词，如go，come，start，leave等，可以同表示时段的时间状语for短语连用。但要注意，这种用法的for短语表示的不是句中谓语动词延续的时间，而是该动词动作完成后再做某事所需要的时间。
She has come here for three days.
(＝She has come here，intending to stay for three days.)她来到这儿三天了。
③在不同的语言环境中，有些动词可以作延续性动词或非延续性动词，如sit，walk，move，run，feel等。
He sat in the grass，watching the sun rising.(延续性)
他坐在草地上，看着太阳升起。
He sat in the grass and began to read.(非延续性)
他坐在草地上，开始读书。
二、状态动词
状态动词表示非活动性的静止状态，不用于进行时态。但有些状态动词如果转义成为动作动词，又可以用于进行时态。状态动词还可分为：
1．感官、感觉动词
这类动词表示的是不自觉的、无意的活动，如see，feel，hear，taste，smell等。
I see a picture on the wall.我看到墙上有一幅画。
但“They are seeing sights in the Eastern Suburb.”中see是有意的，可以用进行时。
2．心理、情感动词
这类动词很多，如believe，co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nsider，desire，dislike，doubt，forget，fear，hope，imagine，know，like，love，mind，object，prefer，remember，suppose，think，want，wish，expect，regret，feel(＝think)等。
I think he is both honest and diligent.(正)
I am thinking he is both honest and diligent.(误)
我认为他既诚实又勤奋。
但：I am thinking about his plan.(正)
我正在考虑他的计划。
注意：状态动词know等不可与long ago连用。比较：
我很久之前认识她的。
3．拥有、关系动词
这类动词或动词词组有：belong ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to，consist of，contain，cost，include，involve，lack，matter，need，owe，own，possess，apply to，differ from，equal，weigh，stand for，measure，have，exist，depend on，benefit from等。
这本书是属于她的。
注意：有些动词只能表示状态或持续的动作，不可用来表示非延续性动作(瞬间完成的动作)，反之亦然。
直到早上4点钟她才睡着。
【疑难辨析】
动作动词与状态动词的区别
1．动作动词可用于进行时态，而状态动词却不可。这是这两种动词最根本的区别。
John is writing to his father.约翰正在给他的父亲写信。
John resembles his father.约翰长得像他的父亲。
【提示】　有些动词可兼作两类动词， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )但意思不同，如动词hold的句子主语是人，作“握住、举行”讲，是个动作动词；句子主语是处所，则作“容纳”讲，是个状态动词。
The top leaders of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the two countries are holding talks in a friendly atmosphere.
这两个国家的最高领导人正在友好的氛围中进行会谈。
The concert hall can hold 2,000 people.
这个音乐厅可容纳2,000人。
2．有些状态动词可以充当动作动词，用于进行时态，表示委婉的口气。
I'm wondering if you can tell me the password.
我不知你可否告诉我密码是什么。
3．在现代英语中，有越来越多地使用进行时态的趋势，包括状态动词用于进行时态，表示“惊讶、责备、抱怨、批评”等感彩。
Why are you always complaining？你怎么总是抱怨？
4．动作动词大多可用于祈使句，状态动词则不可。
Keep the house clean and tidy！保持房子整齐清洁！
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·天津高考)Pare ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts and children should communicate more to the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.
A．open　　　　　　　　　　B．narrow
C．widen D．leave
【解析】　本题四个选项都 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为常见动词。A项open意为“开(放)”；B项narrow意为“使变狭窄，缩小”；C项widen意为“使变宽，拓宽”；D项leave意为“离开”。句意：父母和孩子应该多沟通交流，缩小彼此之间的代沟，以便能够更好地彼此理解。从关键信息词communicate more，the gap，understand...better等可推断出其前后逻辑关系应该是强调逐步变好，只有narrow能强调此意。故可知答案为B。
【答案】　B
2．(2012·江西高考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )We were all agreed that the cottage would a perfect holiday home for the family.
A．make B．turn
C．take D．have
【解析】　make成为，变成，此 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )处作连系动词，后接作表语的名词，要加相应的冠词；turn作连系动词时后接作表语的名词，省略冠词，如果turn后加into则须在名词前加相应的冠词。句意：我们一致同意那间村舍将会成为这个家庭的一个完美的假日之家。
【答案】　A
3．(2012·课标全国卷)If ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )she doesn't want to go，nothing you can say will her.
A．persuade B．promise
C．invite D．support
【解析】　句意：如果她不想去，你说什 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )么也 不了她。persuade说服，劝服；promise允诺，答应；invite邀请；support支持，支撑，养活。所以A项意义正确。
【答案】　A
4．(2012·浙江高考)Acco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rding to scientists，our mental abilities begin to from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.
A．differ B．shrink
C．fail D．decline
【解析】　句意：据科学家称，在22岁达 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到最高水平后，从27岁开始我们的脑力开始衰退。A选项表示“不同，有区别”；B选项表示“收缩，萎缩”；C选项表示“失败，没做成”；D选项表示“下降，减少，变弱”。
【答案】　D
5．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The watch was very good，and he 20 percent down for it.
A．paid B．cost
C．bought D．spent
【解析】　本题四个选项都 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为常见动词，都可以表示“花费”。本题题意为“这块手表很好，他先付了20%的订金”。pay...down(或pay down)付押金，付订金，符合题意。要注意以下表示“花费”的句式：sb.pay(s) money for sth.某人花钱买某物，主语为“人”，符合题意，故选A。sth.cost(s) sb.money某物花费某人多少钱，主语为“物”；sb.buy(s) sth.for money某人买某物花多少钱，for后面接money；sb.spend(s) money on sth.某人花钱买某物，主语为“人”，与介词on搭配。解答这道题目需要抓住句中的关键信息词down和for。
【答案】　A
6．(2013·福建高考)When th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to it with important points.
A．conclude B．lead
C．avoid D．hold
【解析】　句意：小组讨论接近尾声 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时，一定要用几条要点作为结束。conclude(使)结束，conclude...with以……结束，符合题意。lead领导，引领；avoid避免，回避；hold容纳，举行。其中nearing its end为重要信息提示。
【答案】　A
7．(2011·辽宁高考)You are old enough to your own living.
A．win B．gain
C．take D．earn
【解析】　句意：你的年龄已经足够大了，可以自己谋生了。earn one's living为固定短语，意为：谋生。
【答案】　D
8．(2011·湖北高考)Kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also
our thinking.
A．direct B．limit
C．change D．improve
【解析】　句意：假如我们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要获得成功，知识与学问对我们很重要，但这些也会限制我们的思维。四个选项的主要含义：A“指导，监督”，B“限制，局限”，C“改变”，D“改进，改善”。从句中的转折连词but判断，本空选B表示“限制，局限”。
【答案】　B
9．(2011·天津高考)I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a bank account after I made $1,000 by doing a part time job during the summer vacation.
A．borrowed B．opened
C．entered D．ordered
【解析】　句意：我在暑假做兼职 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )挣了1,000美元之后开了一个银行账户。根据空格后的a bank account(银行账户)可知，此处用open。borrow借来；enter进入；order订购。
【答案】　B
10．(2011·安徽高考)As ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the story ，the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.
A．begins B．happens
C．ends D．develops
【解析】　句意：随着故事情节的展开，这个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )奇怪人物的真实情况也慢慢被人们发现。begin开始；happen发生；end结束；develop发展。根据句意不难看出答案为D项。
【答案】　D
Ⅱ.用所给动词的正确形式填空
1．I (supp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ose)it will rain，for there are a lot of clouds in the sky.
2．The sights of the city never fail to
(impress)foreign tourists.
3．The album (contain)many memorable songs.
4．She (resemble)her sister in looks.
5．I (suspect)they are very disappointed.
6．They (possess)property all over the world.
7．He (understand)how hard things have been for you.
8．They (discuss)how to collect money in the next room now.
9．I (leave)for Shanghai tomorrow morning.
10．He (sleep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))on the sofa now，for his parents have come for the weekend.
【答案】　1.suppose　2.imp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ress　3.contains　4.resembles　5.suspect　6.possess　7.understands　8.are discussing
9．am leaving/will leave　10.is sleeping
Period ⅢExtreme Sports & Marco Polo
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的词汇及用法。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点词汇和句式的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些词汇和句式，并能够运用这些句式造句。21教育网
3．通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够熟练的掌握限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的语法功能。
4. 听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
●教学地位
限定性定语从句和非限定性定语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句的语法内容让学生感觉比较杂乱，语法规则较多，易混易错的地方层出不穷。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是本课时学习的关键。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
Answer these questions to prepare yourself.
Use the key words below to help you.
explore(a fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rest, a desert, another planet)，go (sailing, skiing, diving，parachuting)，go on (a wildlife tour, a hiking trip, a round the world trip)
3．Which activity mentioned above is your familiar one
4．Can you imagine or ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) describe the feeling when you take part in this activity
Show some words to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) help students : boring; brave; cheap; cheerful; comfortable; dangerous; dirty; exciting; expensive; safe; serous; tired; tiring; well－organized; wonderful
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学案预习的情况 。 导入新课。 让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第36～40页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )见学案第40～41页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。 老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　　
老师对语法部分给以点拨让学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生掌握本单元语法知识。 让学生完成“当堂双基达标”(见学案第42页)。 师生共同讨论“当堂双基达标”并给出答案，并对难以理解的或有争议的地方给出详解。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
布置作业：让学生完成课本第69页第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )4题，第70页第2、3题，第71页5、6题；“课时作业”并预习Period Ⅳ(见学案第43～48页)。 让学生进行“自我评估”(见学案第42页)。
1．similarity n．相似性；类似性
Snowboarding has similarities with surfing.(教材P24)单板滑雪和冲浪运动有相似性。
There are many similarities between the two TV series.那两部电视剧有许多相似之处。
①similar adj.相似的；类似的
similarly adv.相似地；类似地
②A be similar to B　A与B相似
A be the same as B　A与B相同
A be different from B　A与B不同
③similarity between...……之间的相似处
similarity in在某方面相似之处
The two boys look very similar.
这两个男孩看上去很相似。
My problems are very similar to yours.
我的问题和你的差不多。
The husband an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d wife were similarly successful in their chosen careers.夫妇俩在各自选择的事业上都很成功。
用适当的介词填空
①There is some similarity the way they sing.
②Our teacher's teaching style is not similar
that of most other teachers.
③For generations，sc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ientists and science fiction writers talked about the similarity of Mars the Earth.
【答案】　①in　②to　③to
2．upside down颠倒地；倒置地
And，if that's not eno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ugh，you then try to walk upside down on the ice！(教材P24)
并且，如果那还不够的话，你可以试试在冰上倒着走！
The painting was hung upside down.那幅画挂倒了。
She turned t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he discussion upside down by asking a foolish question.她问了个愚蠢的问题把讨论搞乱了。
①turn sth.upside down
把……翻得乱七八糟，使……凌乱不堪
②turn sb.'s life/world upside down
给某人的生活造成大的变化/混乱
③up and down上上下下；来回
The house was turned upside down by the thief.
屋子里被贼弄得乱七八糟。
完成句子
①有一只蝴蝶正在花丛里忽上忽下地飞着。
A butterfly is flying among the flowers.
②她丈夫的突然去世使她的生活完全乱套了。
Her husband's sudden death .
【答案】　①up and down　②turned her world/life upside down
3．risk vt.冒……的危险
What makes people risk ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) their lives to do them？(教材P24)是什么让人们冒着生命危险去从事这些活动呢？
He risked his life to save his dog.
他冒着生命危险去救他的狗。
He was prepared ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to risk everything in order to achieve his ambition.为实现他的雄心壮志他甘愿冒任何危险。
risk doing sth.冒险做某事
take/run a risk(risks)(to do sth.)冒险(做某事)
at risk处境危险；遭受危险
at the risk of doing sth.冒着做某事的危险
risk one's life冒生命危险
I simply can't risk being seen there.
我可不能冒险在那儿被人看见。
You have to take/run ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a lot of risks if you want to succeed in business.
如果想在生意上取得成功，就得冒许多风险。
【教师备课资源】　
歌诀巧记后接动名词而不接不定式作宾语的动词(词组)：
喜欢考虑逃避免(enjoy，consider，escape，avoid)
停止放弃太冒险(stop，give up，risk)
介意想象莫推延(mind，imagine，delay，put off)
要求完成是期盼(require，finish，look forward to)
建议继续勤练习(suggest，go on，practise)
不禁原谅要坚持(can't help，excuse，insist on)
继续介意成功来(keep on，mind，succeed in)
完成句子
①No one of us (冒险外出)on our own.
②Workers who bro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke the strike (冒着被攻击的危险)when they left the factory.
③He's prepared (冒任何风险来避免)this war.
【答案】　①risked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )going out　②risked being attacked　③to risk everything to avoid
4．various adj.各种各样的
You can find all t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hese in the various extreme sports...(教材P24)你可以在各种各样的极限运动中找到所有这些(速度、刺激和危险的感觉)……
Their hobbies are many and various.
他们的业余爱好五花八门。
The shop sells various kinds of fruit.
这家商店出售各种水果。
①a variety of/varieties of多种多样的
variety n．种种；种类；多样化；品种；综艺表演
②vary v．变化；不同
vary from...to...在……到……之间变动
vary with随……而变化
She didn't like the work because it lacked variety.
她不喜欢这工作，因为它单调乏味。
The weather varied from very cold to quite mild.
天气变化很大，会由很冷变得相当暖和。
various/different
various 指同一范畴或范围内的不同种类或类别数量，强调多样性，意为“各种各样的”。
different 指事物的完全不同或本质上存在的显著或明显的差异或区别，强调各方面均不同。
用various，different填空
①People have to face difficulties in their whole life.
②Different methods should be adopted under conditions.
【答案】　①various　②different
5．turn up出现；到场；开大；调高音量
When I turned ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.(教材P25)
我第一次站在跳台上紧张得真想退缩下来，但是朋友们说服了我要坚持下来。
She turned up at the last moment.
她在最后的时刻到来了。
Turn up the radio a little.It's too low.
把收音机音量调高一点，声音太小了。
turn out结果是；生产；出席(某项活动)，在场
turn around转身，翻转
turn away不准(某人)进入
turn against变得敌对
turn in上交，提交
turn on打开(电视、收音机等)
turn off关掉
turn down调低；拒绝
turn back原路返回
turn to求助于
turn over翻转；仔细考虑
It's turned out nice and sunny again.
结果天气又变晴朗了。
Turn that radio down at once!
立刻把收音机的音量调低！
用适当的介词或副词填空
①When you walk into the room，the lights turn
by themselves.
②She turned every offer of help.
③He turned as he heard a noise behind him.
④She didn't know whom to turn for advice.
【答案】　①on　②down　③around　④to
6．get across (使)理解(某事)
It's difficult to get across how exciting it is！(教材P25)
很难理解这会有多刺激！
He taught me how to get my idea across.
他教我怎么把我的想法表达得让人能够理解。
We must get across th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e simple fact that drugs are dangerous.我们必须弄清这个简单的事实：毒品是危险品。
get sth.across(to sb.)使(某事)被某人明白；
向某人传达某事
get about＝get around＝get round各处旅行(走动)；(消息、谣言等)传开
get along/on(with)进展(行)；相处
get over恢复过来；克服；战胜
get away(from)逃脱；逃离；离开；摆脱；离题；跑题
get through熬过(困境)；接通电话；
达到(标准)；通过(测试)
The news of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eir secret wedding soon got about/around/round.他们秘密结婚的消息很快就传开了。
Do you get along well with your aunt
你和姑母相处得好吗？
完成句子
①这是你要克服的一个困难。
Here is a difficulty for you to .
②他把自己的意思给听众讲清楚了。
He has to the audience.
【答案】　①get over　②got his meaning across
7．Marco，in turn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was.(教材P26)
马可同时也被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。
(1)in turn 轮流，依次，逐个地；反过来
The girls called out their names in turn.
那些女孩逐一报出她们的名字。
Interest rates were cut，and in turn，share prices rose.
利率降了，而股票价格涨了。
take turns to do sth./(at)doing sth.轮流做某事
It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
wait one's turn to do sth.等候轮到某人做某事
take one's turn依次，轮到某人
by turns轮流，依次
You can't all do it together；you'll have to take turns.
你们不能全体一齐上，你们得轮流做。
I felt cold and hot by turns.我感觉冷一阵热一阵的。
完成句子
①轮到我照顾婴儿了。
I to look after the baby.
②现在轮到他请我吃一顿丰盛的晚餐了。
to set me up to a nice dinner.
【答案】　①took my turn　②It is now his turn
(2)amaze vt.使惊愕(惊奇)
I am amazed by what you have told me.
我对你告诉我的那些感到惊愕。
Dave amazed his friends by suddenly getting married.
戴夫突然间结婚，令朋友们非常吃惊。
①amazing adj.令人惊异的
②amazed adj.感到惊奇的
③amazement n．惊奇；惊诧
to one's amazement令某人惊奇的是
in amazement＝with amazement惊讶地
To my amazement，th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ey seemed amazed at the amazing news，and looked at me in amazement.
让我吃惊的是，他们听到这个令人惊讶的消息时似乎大吃一惊，并惊讶地看着我。
用amaze的适当形式填空
③Dave his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )friends by leaving a well paid job to travel around the world.
④I was to hear the story.
⑤The little girl was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )filled with when she first saw the bright lights.
【答案】　③amazed　④amazed；amazing　⑤amazement
8．confuse vt.使困惑
He was also confu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.(教材P26)
他也不明白为什么人们用黑色的石头作燃料。
I understand the text but the diagrams in it are confusing me.
我明白那篇课文的意思，但其中的图表让我感到困惑。
①confuse A with B把A与B混淆
②confusing adj.莫名其妙的，难以理解的
③confused adj.糊涂的，迷乱的，混杂的
be confused about对……感到困惑/迷惑
④confusion n．困惑，混乱
I'm always confusing John with Paul.
我总是分不清约翰和保罗。
The instructions were very confusing and I couldn't understand them.
这些指示莫明其妙，我没有办法理解。
The little girl was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) very confused by all the noise and activity.那小女孩被这一片吵闹和忙乱给弄糊涂了。
用confuse的适当形式填空
①I hope the meeting will clear up people's .
②Don't show him the other way of doing it－it'll only him.
③If you try to learn too many things at a time，you may get .
④I think German ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is more than English because of its difficult grammar rules.
【答案】　①confusion　②confuse　③confused　④confusing
9．break out (坏事)突然发生；爆发
Not long after his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) return，a local war broke out near his town.(教材P26)他回到家乡后不久，一场区域性的战争在他家乡附近爆发了。
My grandfathe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r was still living in London when the World War Ⅱ broke out.
第二次世界大战爆发的时候，我祖父还住在伦敦。
Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out
大家都知道火灾发生时该做什么吗？
break in强行闯入；打断
break up破碎；解散；分手
break away from逃离；脱离
break down出故障，垮掉
break through突破；冲破
break off断开；中断；突然终止
break into强行闯入；突然开始
When the fire broke ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t，I broke into the house and broke through the thick smoke to find my son；finally we successfully escaped from the burning building.
火灾发生时，我闯进房子，冲破浓浓的烟雾去找儿子，最后我们成功地逃离了烧着的大楼。
用适当的介词或副词填空
①The sun broke after days of rain.
②Let's break work for a few minutes.
③The crowd started to break when the night fell.
④May I break to say that everything is ready
【答案】　①through　②off　③up　④in
10．too...to...太……而不能……
Although people enj ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marco's stories about China were too fantastic to be true.(教材P26)
尽管有许多人喜欢读他的书，可是他们中很多人认为马可的关于中国的故事太离奇了，不可信。
He is too young to go to school.
他太小了，还不能去上学。
The box is too heavy for me to carry.
箱子太沉，我搬不动。
①can't/can never...too...意为“再……也不过分”。
②too...to...结构常可转换为“so＋adj./adv.＋that clause”结构。
③在too...to...结构中，若用ready，anxious，eager，glad，willing等形容词，则该结构不表否定意义。
You can't be too careful to cross the street.
过马路时你一定要非常小心。
He is too old to do that work.
＝He is so old that he can't do that work.
他年龄太大了，做不了那项工作。
I'm too glad to see you again.
再次见到你我很高兴。
翻译句子
①活到老，学到老。
②这位老人很容易相处。
③天太热了，我们不能干活。
【答案】　①It's never too late to learn.
②The old man is too easy to get along with.
③It was too hot a day for us to work.
11．quantity n．数量；量
He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.(教材P27)
他来到一个大量生产钢铁的城市。
There is only a small quantity of wine left.
只剩下很少一点酒了。
quantity and quality数量和质量
a large/small quantity of大/少量的
quantities of大量，许多的
in quantity/quantities大量地，很多
It was a bad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) year for new films，in terms of both quantity and quality.
今年的新电影无论从数量上还是质量上都说不上好。
A large/vast quantity of beer was sold.
售出了大量的啤酒。
Quantities of food were spread out on the table.
许多食品被摊放在桌子上。
【提示】　“a quantity of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )＋n.”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与of后面的名词在数上保持一致。而(large) quantities of修饰的无论是可数(单数或复数)还是不可数名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词一律用复数。2·1·c·n·j·y
【教师备课资源】　
英语中有些表示“许多，大量”的短语，后接可数名词与不可数名词情况不同，归纳如下：
①＋
可数名词复数
(作主语时，谓
语动词用复数)
②＋
不可数名词(作
主语时，谓语
动词用单数)
③＋
可数名词复数或不可数
名词(作主语时，谓语
动词单复数由名词确定)
④quantities of/amounts of＋n.作主语时，谓语动词一律用复数。
⑤many a＋单数可数名词＋谓语动词(单数)。
用be的适当形式填空
①There a large quantity of water.
②A large quantity of blouses on sale.
③Quantities of food on the table.
【答案】　①was/is　②were/are　③were/are
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会定语从句的用法。
①He travelled ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )across Europe and Asia with his father，who wanted to do trade with the Chinese.21·世纪*教育网
②There were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inventions and developments in China which were not available in Europe at that time.
③Marco was l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China.
④The prisoner then wro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te the stories in a book called The Description of the World，which became one of the best selling books in Europe.
[自我总结]　以上四句均含有定语从句， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )引导词分别为 。其中①④句的引导词前有逗号将主句和从句隔开，这种定语从句称为 。②③句的主句和从句无逗号隔开，这种定语从句称为
【答案】　who；which；who；which　非限制性定语从句　限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述
1．限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。
She has found ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the necklace(that)she lost two weeks ago.她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。
2．非限制性定语从句是先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。
He has two sisters，who are working in the city.
他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。
二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：
1．标点的运用有所不同
限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号与主句分开。
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
站在树下的那个女孩是谁？
He is a teach ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.他是一个学识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。
2．从句的作用不同
限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制作用，是先 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。
In the dark street，th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在这条黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以向其求助的人。
Alice received a lett ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er from her former classmate，which came as a surprise.艾丽斯收到了她的以前同学的一封信，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。
3．关系词的选用不同
限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。
Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in Japan.
(which不可换用that)昨天他买了一辆新车，是日本生产的。
He didn't give the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week.(which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)此句也可以这样表达，He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.
4．从句所修饰的先行词有所不同
限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。
This is the best book that I have ever read.
这是我曾经读过的书中的最好的一本。
He won the first p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rize in the contest，which was more than we expected.
他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。
5．关系词的省略不同
在限制性定语从句中，当关系 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。
I still remember th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e days we spent together in college.我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。(we前省略了that/which)
She is not the one(that) she used to be.
她已不再是昔日的她了。(that在定语从句中作表语)
6．英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday
上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？
The concert，which was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) held last week，was a great success.那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。
He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.
他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。
三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1．as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。
2．as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句只能位于先行词之后。
3．as引导非限制性定语从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这，那”。
She is always working hard，as everyone can see.
正如大家所看到的，她工作一直都很努力。
She is working hard，which everyone can see.
她工作一直都很努力，这是大家有目共睹的。
As we all know，smoking is harmful to one's health.
众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
The book，which I bought yesterday，is very instructive.我昨天买的那本书很有教育意义。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·陕西高考)He had t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the air conditioning system .
A．broke in　　　　　　　　B．broke up
C．broke out D．broke down
【解析】　break in闯入；bre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ak up打破，打碎，解散，结束；break out(战争、火灾等)发生；break down(机器)发生故障，(计划、谈判等)失败。由主句中pause from time to time to wipe the sweat可知此处是指空调出故障，故选D项。本题句意为：他不得不时常停下来擦擦额头上的汗，因为空调系统出故障了。
【答案】　D
2．(2013·浙江高考)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A．what B．where
C．when D．why
【解析】　句意：博物馆将在春季开放，届时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )将有一个展览，还有一个观光平台，在这里参观者可以看到许多在建的大玻璃暖房。分析句子结构可知， visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built为定语从句，a viewing platform为定语从句的先行词，从句缺少地点状语，要用where引导，所以正确答案为B项。
【答案】　B
3．(2013·重庆高考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.
A．them B．that
C．which D．whom
【解析】　句意：约翰邀请了大约 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )40个人参加他的婚礼，大部分人是家庭成员。由前后两个句子之间没有连接词可首先把A项排除。B、C、D三项都可引导定语从句，但that不能放在介词of之后，故排除。which引导定语从句时，表示物，不符合题意，也排除。most of whom引导非限制性定语从句，whom指代about 40 people。most of whom在定语从句中作主语，所以答案为D。
【答案】　D
4．(2013·安徽高考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012， made one of the Chinese people's longheld dreams come true.
A．it B．that
C．what D．which
【解析】　句意：莫言获得2012年诺贝尔文学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )奖，这件事使中国人民长久以来的一个梦想得以实现。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。it和what不能引导定语从句，可排除；that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。故选D项。
【答案】　D
5．(2012·安徽高考)A lot of language learning，
has been discove ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A．as B．it
C．which D．this
【解析】　句意：正如被发现的那样，大量 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的语言学习是在人生的第一年发生的，所以父母应当在那个时期和孩子多说话。该题解题的关键是理顺句子结构。空白处所在句为非限制性定语从句，B和D可排除。空格处的关系词指代a lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life这个句子。指代某个句子时，as引导的非限制性定语从句可后指或前指，而which引导的从句只能前指。此处为后指，因此A项正确。
【答案】　A
6．(2012·江苏高考)Aft ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er the flooding，people were suffering in that area， urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.
A．which B．who
C．where D．what
【解析】　根据定语从句的“urge ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntly needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive”可知，需要干净的水、药品和避难所的是人(people)，而不是that area或flooding，所以先行词为人，A项也可排除，故选B。
【答案】　B
7．(2012·江西高考)By 16： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )30， was almost closing time，nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A．which B．when
C．what D．that
【解析】　句意：到了16：30，差不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )多是关门的时间了，几乎所有的画都卖完了。定语从句缺少主语，使用关系代词which引导。when是关系副词；what不能引导定语从句；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
【答案】　A
8．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at evening, I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.
A．that B．which
C．what D．when
【解析】　句意：那天晚上我一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )直工作到很晚，我过后会告诉你关于那晚更详细的情况。本题中两个逗号之间的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词which代替先行词that evening。A项that不能引导非限制性定语从句；C项what不能引导定语从句；D项when在从句中作状语，不能作宾语。
【答案】　B
9．(2012·陕西高考)It is th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e third time that she has won the race， has surprised us all.
A．that B．where
C．which D．what
【解析】　句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这使 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )得我们都很吃惊。由逗号可知，所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故排除A、D两项，因为that不能引导非限制性定语从句，what不引导定语从句；另外，该从句缺少主语，故排除B项；只有关系代词which符合题目要求，which指代前面整个句子。
【答案】　C
10．(2013·浙江高考)The ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ildren， had played the whole day long，were worn out.
A．all of what B．all of which
C．all of them D．all of whom
【解析】　句意：孩子们玩了一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )整天，都累坏了。分析句子结构可知， had played the whole day long是非限制性定语从句，先行词children指人，故排除A、B、C三项。所以正确答案为D项。
【答案】　D
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．This is the factory where we visited last week.
2．This is the watch for which Tom is looking.
3．The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.
4．The house in that we live is very small.
5．The sun gives ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )off light and warmth，that makes it possible for plants to grow.
6．I've read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
7．This is the best film which I have ever seen.
8．My father and Mr.Sm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.
9．Everything which we saw was of great interest.
10．His dog，that was now very old，became ill and died.
【答案】　1.where→that/which或去掉where
2．把for放在looking之后
3．who→whom
4．that→which
5．that→which
6．which→that或去掉which
7．which→that或去掉which
8．who→that
9．which→that或去掉which
10．that→which
Period ⅣJourney to the Antarctic & Communication Workshop
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．通过学案中所给出的重点词汇的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些词汇。
2．通过对这些知识点的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
3．借助本学案写作提升的讲解，培养学生用英语写宣传小册子的能力，逐步养成用英语书写应用文体的习惯。
●教学地位
本单课时讲解的知识点是以教材重点词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )汇和句式出现的先后顺序依次呈现的。通过一篇相关话题的写作训练，思路点拨→词汇热身→句式温习→连句成篇。一步一步教会学生如何写出一篇宣传材料。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
每一位学生都有各自独特的冒险经历和体验，结合 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本课时即将讲述的极地探险的故事，让同学们各自表达自己在特定环境和情形下的冒险故事，共同分享彼此的快乐和忧伤。
●教学流程设计
检查上堂布置的作业。 导入新课。 学生快速阅读课文(见课本第28页)并根据学案所设置的“语篇理解”问题作出选择。　　21*cnjy*com
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
学生共同讨论，师生统一答案。 让学生再次仔细 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )阅读课文，并完成学案中“经典句子”部分(见学案第43页)。 学生就学案中的问题相互交换意见，老师指导学生统一答案。
　　　　　
学生完成“要点讲练”部分(见学案第43～ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )47页)。 学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。 学生完成“写作提升”部分(见学案第47～48页)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
老师布置作业：让学生完成课本第72页第3题， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第73页阅读理解。让学生自学学案Ⅴ的内容，然后做“单元归纳提升”部分(见学案第50～52页)。 让学生做“课时作业”。 让学生进行“自我评估”(见学案第48页)。
Ⅰ.语篇理解
1．Why did Amundsen succeed while Scott failed
A．Because Amundsen reached the Pole first.
B．Because Scott's sle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dges broke down and his horses disagreed with the snow and the cold there.
C．Because it was too cold in Antarctic.
2．What did Scott's team achieve
A．They became rich for the trip.
B．They got nothing but pity.
C．They collected 20 kilos of rocks.
3．Which of the following statements is not true
A．On their re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )turn journey，Scott and his men were tired and their food was run out.
B．The Antarctic used t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o be covered by plants at one time in the distant past.
C．In the end，only two people on Scott's team managed to come back.
【答案】　1.B　2.C　3.C
Ⅱ.经典句子
1． the total darkness of the polar winter.
接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。
2．He had teams of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dogs the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让一队狗拉雪橇，所有人都配有滑雪板。
3． our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower.
早上穿鞋的动作也越来越慢。
4．The next was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty .
接下来离开的是欧茨上校，他行走艰难。
5．Captain Scott and hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s team members reached the Pole，but